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作物学报 ›› 2014, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (04): 667-677.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2014.00667

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

种植方式对水稻产量及根系性状的影响

郑华斌1,2 ,姚林2,3,刘建霞2,3,贺慧2,3,陈阳1,2,黄璜1,2,*   

  1. 1湖南农业大学农学院, 湖南长沙 410128；2农业部华中地区作物栽培科学观测实验站, 湖南长沙 410128；3湖南农业大学生物科学与技术学院, 湖南长沙 410128
  • 收稿日期:2013-03-22 修回日期:2014-01-12 出版日期:2014-04-12 网络出版日期:2014-02-14
  • 通讯作者: 黄璜, E-mail: hh863@126.com
  • 基金资助:

    本研究由国家水稻丰产科技工程项目“长江中游南部(湖南)水稻丰产节水节肥技术集成与示范” (2013BAD07B1 1)和国家“十二五”公益性行业(农业)项目“稻-渔”耦合养殖技术研究与示范(201203081)资助。

Effect of Ridge & Terraced Cultivation on Rice Yield and Root Trait

ZHENG Hua-Bin1,2,YAO Lin2,3,LIU Jian-Xia2,3,HE Hui2,3,CHEN Yang,HUANG Huang1,2,*   

  1. 1 College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; 2Observation Station of Crop Cultivation Science in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410128, China; 3 College of Bio-science & Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
  • Received:2013-03-22 Revised:2014-01-12 Published:2014-04-12 Published online:2014-02-14
  • Contact: 黄璜, E-mail: hh863@126.com

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被引次数

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摘要：

2011—2012年在湖南长沙以超级杂交稻Y两优1号、杂交稻汕优63和常规稻黄华占为材料的大田定位试验, 比较了垄作梯式栽培技术(两种垄规格)和垄厢栽培技术(3种厢规格)对水稻产量和根系性状的影响。与平作栽培(T0)相比, 窄垄作梯式栽培(T1)和垄厢栽培(T3)均可提高水稻产量, 其中以T1的产量最高, 比T0平均增产22.2% (17.1%~27.2%), 其次T3平均增产10.4% (5.8%~15.0%), 但随着垄宽或厢宽的增加, 产量增幅逐渐下降。较高的穗数和每穗粒数、良好的根系特性(根系氧化力、根表面吸收面积、根系孔隙度)以及齐穗后干物质积累量大是上述两种栽培技术增产的重要原因。同时, 根解剖结构表明垄作梯式栽培的根皮层减小、中柱和导管面积增大, 增强了水分吸收能力。

关键词: 种植方式, 栽培方式, 垄畦(厢)栽培, 垄宽, 厢宽

Abstract:

A field experiment was conducted in Changsha city of Hunan Province in 2011 and 2012 to find out a cultivation technique of ridge & terraced cultivation (RTC) for improving rice yield and root trait. Super hybrid rice Yliangyou 1, hybrid rice Shanyou 63 and conventional rice Huanghuazhan were used in the mid-rice season. The cultivation patterns were designed as ridge & terranced cultivation (T1, ridge width 60 cm; T2, ridge width 120 cm), bed cultivation (T3, bed width 70 cm; T4, bed width 140 cm; T5, bed width 230 cm), and traditional cultivation (T0). The characteristics of grain yield formation and root character under different cultivation patterns were analyzed. Results showed that ridge & terraced cultivation (T1) and bed cultivation (T3) could increase grain yield compared with traditional cultivation (T0), T1 had the highest yield, which was 22.2% (17.1%–27.2%) higher than that of T0, the next was T3, with the yield 10.4% (5.8%–15.0%) higher than that of T0. However, increasing range of yield declined gradually with the increase of ridge width or bed width. The important reason for increasing yield by using the two cultivation techniques was higher effective panicles and spikelets per panicles, better root trait (root oxidation ability, root surface absorption area and soil porosity) and higher dry matter accumulation after full heading stage. Meanwhile, root anatomical structureshowed that the thickness of root cortex was decreased and the size of root vascular cylinder and vessel areas was increased in RTC, so that the capacity of water absorption was enhanced.

Key words: Planting pattern, Cultivation model, Bed cultivation, Ridge width, Bed width.

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