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作物学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (07): 1043-1056.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2017.01043

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

四川盆地9000 kg hm-2产量潜力小麦品种的花后冠层结构、生理及同化物分配特性

吴晓丽1,李朝苏1,汤永禄1,*,李俊1,马孝玲1,李式昭1,黄明波2   

  1. 1四川省农业科学院作物研究所,四川成都 610066;2四川广汉市生产力促进中心,四川广汉 618300
  • 收稿日期:2016-02-23 修回日期:2017-03-01 出版日期:2017-07-12 网络出版日期:2017-04-19
  • 通讯作者: 汤永禄, E-mail: ttyycc88@163.com, Tel: 028-84504601
  • 基金资助:

    本研究由国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-3-1-23)和国家自然科学基金项目(31571590)资助。

Canopy Architecture, Physiological Characteristics and Assimilate Partitioning in Wheat Cultivars with 9000 kg hm?2 Yield Potential in Sichuan Basin

WU Xiao-Li1,LI Chao-Su1,TANG Yong-Lu1,*,LI Jun1,MA Xiao-Ling1,LI Shi-Zhao1,HUANG Ming-Bo2   

  1. 1Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 610066 Chengdu, China; 2 Guanghan Productivity Promotion Center, Guanghan 618300, China
  • Received:2016-02-23 Revised:2017-03-01 Published:2017-07-12 Published online:2017-04-19
  • Contact: Tang Yonglu, E-mail: ttyycc88@163.com, Tel: 028-84504601
  • Supported by:

    This study was supported by the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-3-1-23) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31571590).

摘要:

四川盆地小麦高产育种取得了突破性进展,但高产生理研究相对滞后。本研究2011—2015连续5年的田间试验,比较了高产和一般产量潜力品种花后群体冠层结构、主要生理指标和同化物的转运分配特性,旨在揭示四川小麦9000 kg hm?2高产品种的生理基础。选择代表性高产潜力品种和一般产量潜力品种各3个,高产潜力品种产量平均9422 kg hm-2,比一般产量潜力品种高14.3%,增产原因是生物量或收获指数的提高。相比一般产量潜力品种,高产潜力品种旗叶短且宽,长宽比低于10,开花初期至灌浆中期叶基角和开角增加明显。开花至灌浆后期,高产潜力品种顶三叶的SPAD值及花后0 d和20 d的群体光合速率显著高于一般产量潜力品种,群体光合速率以10:00–12:00的差异最大。此外,高产潜力品种在开花期茎鞘生物量所占比例较高,而成熟期籽粒所占比例较一般产量潜力品种高1~4个百分点。籽粒产量与小麦形态、生理参数关系密切,与灌浆期旗叶基角(r = 0.947, P < 0.01)和倒二叶基角(r = 0.963, P < 0.01)呈正相关,与旗叶长宽比(r = ?0.913, P < 0.01)和倒二叶长宽比(r = ?0.911, P < 0.01)呈负相关;与开花期顶三叶SPAD值呈正相关,r值分别为0.75、0.90和0.82 (P < 0.01);与成熟期穗轴干重比例呈负相关(r = ?0.956, P < 0.01)。本研究表明,株高适中、株型紧凑,花后冠层叶绿素含量和群体光合速率较高,以及合理的物质分配,是高产潜力品种获得高产的生理基础。

关键词: 小麦, 冠层结构, 群体光合速率, 干物质分配, 籽粒产量

Abstract:

In contrast to the outstanding breeding progress of high-yield wheat in Sichuan Basin of China, the physiological basis of high-yield-potential cultivars is unclear due to seldom studies. In this study, a five-year field experiment (2011–2015) was carried out to compare the differences of canopy structure after anthesis, canopy apparent photosynthesis (CAP), chlorophyll content (SPAD), and dry matter partitioning between high-yield and normal-yield potential cultivars. Three typical high-yield and three normal-yield potential cultivars were selected, and the average yield of the high-yield potential cultivars (9422 and kg ha-1) was 14.3% higher than that of the normal-yield potential cultivars owing to higher biomass or harvest index. Compared with the normal-yield potential cultivars, the high-yield potential cultivars had shorter and wider flag leaves (length-to-width ratio lower than 10) and showed obvious increases of basal and open angles of the topmost three leaves from early anthesis to mid-filling stage. From anthesis to late-filling stage, SPAD values of the topmost three leaves and CAP values at 0 and 20 days after anthesis were significantly higher in the high-yield potential cultivars than in the normal-yield potential cultivars, with the largest difference of CAP between 10:00 and 12:00 hour. In addition, the high-yield potential cultivars showed higher biomass proportion of stem and sheath at anthesis and higher (1–4 percentage points) biomass proportion of grain at maturity than the normal-yield potential cultivars. Grain yield was closely related to morphological and physiological parameters in wheat. For example, grain yield was positively correlated with basal angles of flag leaf (r = 0.947, P < 0.01) and the second leaf from top (r = 0.963, P < 0.01) at grain-filling stage and negatively correlated with leaf length-to-width ratios of flag leaf (r = -0.913, P < 0.01) and the second leaf from top (r = -0.911, P < 0.01). Grain yield was also positively correlated (P < 0.01) with SPAD values of the topmost three leaves (r = 0.75, 0.90, and 0.82), but negatively correlated with the proportion of spike rachis at maturity (r = ?0.956, P < 0.01). Our results indicate that moderate plant height, compact plant type, high SPAD and CAP values after anthesis, and proper dry matter partitioning are important factors in high-yielding physiology of wheat.

Key words: Wheat, Canopy architecture, Canopy apparent photosynthesis, Dry matter partitioning, Grain yield

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