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作物学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (03): 414-422.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.00414

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

玉米生产上3个主推品种光合特性、干物质积累转运及灌浆特性

徐田军*(), 吕天放*(), 赵久然*(), 王荣焕*(), 陈传永, 刘月娥, 刘秀芝, 王元东, 刘春阁   

  1. 北京市农林科学院玉米研究中心 / 玉米DNA指纹及分子育种北京重点实验室, 北京 100097
  • 收稿日期:2017-05-28 接受日期:2017-11-21 出版日期:2018-03-12 网络出版日期:2017-12-13
  • 通讯作者: 徐田军,吕天放,赵久然,王荣焕
  • 作者简介:

    第一作者联系方式: 徐田军, E-mail: xtjxtjbb@163.com; 吕天放, E-mail: 314565358@qq.com

  • 基金资助:
    本研究由国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300106), 北京市农林科学院青年科研基金(QNJJ201728), 北京市农林科学院院级科技创新团队建设项目(JNKYT201603), 国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-02-11)和国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(31601247)资助

Photosynthetic Characteristics, Dry Matter Accumulation and Translocation, Grain Filling Parameter of Three Main Maize Varieties in Production

Tian-Jun XU**(), Tian-Fang LYU**(), Jiu-Ran ZHAO*(), Rong-Huan WANG*(), Chuan-Yong CHEN, Yue-E LIU, Xiu-Zhi LIU, Yuan-Dong WANG, Chun-Ge LIU   

  1. Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Beijing 100097, China
  • Received:2017-05-28 Accepted:2017-11-21 Published:2018-03-12 Published online:2017-12-13
  • Contact: Tian-Jun XU,Tian-Fang LYU,Jiu-Ran ZHAO,Rong-Huan WANG
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Key Research and Developing Program of China (2016YFD0300106), the Youth Research Fund of the Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (QNJJ201728), the Innovative Team Construction Project of BAAFS (JNKYT201603), the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-02-11), and the National Natural Science Fund Youth Science Fund Project (31601247).

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摘要：

以当前玉米生产主推品种郑单958、先玉335和京科968为试验材料, 考察其光合特性、干物质积累与转运及籽粒灌浆特性, 以揭示高产玉米品种的产量形成特性, 为玉米高产生产提供依据。结果表明: (1)产量以京科968最高、先玉335次之、郑单958最低, 京科968分别较郑单958和先玉335高14.55%和7.93%。(2)穗位叶净光合速率和冠层光合能力表现为京科968>先玉335>郑单958, 且吐丝期>乳熟期。京科968吐丝期和乳熟期的穗位叶净光合速率分别比先玉335高7.84%和16.78%, 比郑单958高22.23%和24.44%; 冠层光合能力分别较先玉335高38.77%和58.41%, 较郑单958高50.83%和56.49%。(3)花后干物质积累量、转移量、干物质转运率和干物质转运对籽粒贡献率均以京科968最高, 分别比先玉335高13.72%、21.20%、6.32%和4.77%, 比郑单958高31.87%、39.96%、18.49%和10.42%。(4)籽粒灌浆参数在不同品种间存在较大差异, 京科968与先玉335的平均灌浆速率(0.73和0.75 g 100-grain-1 d-1)相当, 且均高于郑单958 (0.67 g 100-grain-1 d-1); 活跃灌浆期以郑单958 (53.69 d)最长、京科968 (51.02 d)次之、先玉335 (48.95 d)最短。(5)相关分析表明, 产量与净光合速率显著正相关, 与花后干物质积累量及转运率极显著正相关。京科968具有较高的光合效率、花后干物质积累量及转运率、灌浆速率及较长的灌浆持续期, 是较郑单958和先玉335高产的重要原因。

关键词: 玉米, 光合特性, 干物质积累转运, 籽粒灌浆

Abstract:

The objective of this study was to explore yield-forming characteristics of high yield maize varieties. Using three widely cultivated maize varieties Zhengdan 958 (ZD958), Xianyu 335 (XY335) and Jingke 968 (JK968), we tested grain yield, photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation and translocation, and grain filling characteristics. The yield of JK968 was the highest, and was 14.55% and 7.93% higher than that of ZD958 and XY335, respectively. The photosynthetic rate and canopy photosynthetic capacity showed JK968 > XY335 > ZD958 and silking stage > milk stage. The ear photosynthetic rate of JK968 at silking stage and milk stage was 7.84% and 16.78% higher than that of XY335, as well as 22.23% and 24.44% higher than that of ZD958, respectively. The photosynthetic capacity of JK968 at silking stage and milk stage was 38.77% and 58.41% higher than that of XY335, as well as 50.83% and 56.49% higher than that of ZD958, respectively. Dry matter accumulation after silking stage, the transfer amount of dry matter, translocation efficiency of dry matter and contribution to grain dry matter for JK968 were the highest, with 13.72%, 21.20%, 6.32%, and 4.77% higher than those of XY335, as well as 31.87%, 39.96%, 18.49%, and 10.42% higher than those of ZD958, respectively. There was a big difference in grain filling parameters among those different varieties, the average filling rate of JK968 (0.73 g 100-grain-1 d-1) and XY335 (0.75 g 100-grain-1 d-1) was higher than that of ZD958 (0.67 g 100-grain-1 d-1) and the active grain filling period of ZD958 (53.69 d) was longer than that of the JK968 (51.02 d) and XY335 (48.95 d). Maize yield was significantly correlated with net photosynthetic rate at P < 0.05, and with the dry matter accumulation after silking stage and the translocation rate at P < 0.01. Thus, JK968 had higher photosynthetic efficiency, dry matter accumulation after silking stage, translocation rate, grain filling rate and longer grain filling period, which is the main reason that JK968 had the higher yield than ZD958 and XY335.

Key words: maize, photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation and translocation, grain filling

表1

参试品种生育期"

年际
Year		 品种
Variety		 出苗期-吐丝期
Emergence period-Silking period		 吐丝期-成熟期
Silking period-Maturity period		 生育期
Growth stage
2015
 郑单958 Zhengdan 958 66 60 126
先玉335 Xianyu 335 64 59 123
京科968 Jingke 968 66 60 126
2016
 郑单958 Zhengdan 958 68 59 127
先玉335 Xianyu 335 67 57 124
京科968 Jingke 968 68 59 127

表2

参试品种的产量及产量构成因素"

年际
Year		 品种
Variety		 实收穗数
Panicle number
(spike hm-2)		 穗粒数
Grains per spike		 百粒重
100-grain weight
(g)		 产量
Yield
(kg hm-2)
2015 郑单958 Zhengdan 958 63810 b 600.90 c 34.62 c 12812.55 c
先玉335 Xianyu 335 63180 c 650.81 b 35.37 ab 13852.50 b
京科968 Jingke 968 65055 a 698.60 a 35.42 a 14612.55 a
2016 郑单958 Zhengdan 958 63675 b 589.80 c 33.54 c 12088.65 c
先玉335 Xianyu 335 62970 c 612.92 b 34.78 ab 13433.25 b
京科968 Jingke 968 65235 a 665.43 a 34.89 a 14155.05 a
变异来源
Sources of
variation		 品种Variety (V) ** * ** **
年份Year (Y) NS ** ** **
互作V×Y ** NS * **

图1

参试品种的净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度和蒸腾速率 SS: 吐丝期; MK: 乳熟期。ZD958: 郑单958; XY335: 先玉335; JK968: 京科968。误差线上字母不同表示品种类型间存在显著差异 (P < 0.05)。"

图2

参试品种叶面积指数和冠层光合能力缩写同图1。误差线上字母不同表示品种类型间存在显著差异(P < 0.05)。"

表3

参试品种的花后干物质积累、分配及转运"

干物质积累、分配及转运
Dry matter accumulation and transportation		 郑单958
Zhengdan 958		 先玉335
Xianyu 335		 京科968
Jingke 968
花后干物质积累量 Dry matter accumulation after silking (kg hm-2) 8285.50 c 9608.00 b 10926.30 a
干物质转运量 Transfer amount of dry matter (kg hm-2) 2629.70 c 3036.70 b 3680.50 a
干物质转运率 Transfer rate of dry matter (%) 27.37 c 30.50 b 32.43 a
干物质转运对籽粒的贡献率 Contribution to grain of dry matter transportation (%) 26.87 b 28.32 a 29.67 a
收获指数 Harvest index 0.55 a 0.55 a 0.56 a

图3

参试品种的籽粒灌浆动态和灌浆速率缩写同图1。Abbreviations are the same as those given in Fig. 1."

表4

参试品种的籽粒灌浆特征参数"

参数
Parameter		 郑单958
Zhengdan 958		 先玉335
Xianyu 335		 京科968
Jingke 968
R2 0.9987 0.9932 0.9964
A 35.95 36.82 37.42
B 0.82 0.66 13.24
C 0.08 0.09 0.10
D 0.11 0.09 0.67
Tmax (d) 25.97 23.48 28.54
Wmax (g 100-grain-1) 13.90 14.13 17.40
Gmax (g 100-grain-1 d-1) 0.99 1.11 1.09
Gave (g 100-grain-1 d-1) 0.67 0.75 0.73
P (d) 53.69 48.95 51.02

表5

灌浆参数、干物质转运率和光合特性与产量的相关性分析"

相关系数
Correlation coefficient		 X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6
X1 1.00
X2 -0.98* 1.00
X3 0.71 -0.55 1.00
X4 0.72 -0.56 0.98** 1.00
X5 0.81 -0.67 0.99* 0.99** 1.00
X6 0.81 -0.67 0.97* 0.99** 0.96** 1.00
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