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作物学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (8): 1260-1269.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.81083

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

小麦产量对中后期氮素胁迫的响应及品种间差异

李朝苏1,吴晓丽1,汤永禄1,*(),李俊1,马孝玲1,李式昭1,黄明波2,刘淼1   

  1. 1 四川省农业科学院作物研究所/作物生理生态及栽培四川省重点实验室, 四川成都 610066
    2 四川省广汉市生产力促进中心, 四川广汉 618300
  • 收稿日期:2018-11-20 接受日期:2019-04-15 出版日期:2019-08-12 网络出版日期:2019-07-16
  • 通讯作者: 汤永禄
  • 作者简介:E-mail: xiaoli1755@163.com, Tel: 028-84504560
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由国家自然科学基金项目(31571590);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300406);四川省农作物育种攻关项目资助(2016NYZ0051)

Response of yield and associated physiological characteristics for different wheat cultivars to nitrogen stress at mid-late growth stage

LI Chao-Su1,WU Xiao-Li1,TANG Yong-Lu1,*(),LI Jun1,MA Xiao-Ling1,LI Shi-Zhao1,HUANG Ming-Bo2,LIU Miao1   

  1. 1 Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610066, Sichuan, China
    2 Guanghan Productivity Promotion Center, Guanghan 618300, Sichuan, China
  • Received:2018-11-20 Accepted:2019-04-15 Published:2019-08-12 Published online:2019-07-16
  • Contact: Yong-Lu TANG
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31571590);the National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFD0300406);the Crops Breeding Project in Sichuan Province(2016NYZ0051)

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摘要：

生育中后期土壤供氮不足是导致小麦减产的重要原因之一。2015—2017年连续2个生长季, 选择人工合成六倍体小麦衍生品种(synthetic hexaploid wheat-derived cultivar, SDC)和非人工合成小麦衍生品种(Non-synthetic hexaploid wheat-derived cultivar, NSC)各3个, 设置2个施氮水平, 研究其产量及相关生理参数对中后期氮素胁迫的响应。SDC包括川麦42、川麦104和绵麦367, NSC包括绵麦37、川农16和川麦30。2个施氮水平为正常施氮处理(Nn, 150 kg N hm -2, 底肥40%、拔节肥60%)和中后期氮胁迫处理(Ns, 60 kg N hm -2, 全部作底肥)。结果表明, 氮胁迫下, 两类品种产量均值降幅接近(SDC 19.6%, NSC 20.4%), 但正常供氮下SDC产量高于NSC (高14.4%), 其氮胁迫下的产量也较高(高15.9%)。氮胁迫下, SDC的生物产量、单位面积粒数均高于NSC。开花期, 两类品种在2个氮素水平下的叶面积指数(LAI)接近, 但在灌浆中后期的降幅SDC小于NSC, 花后22 d, SDC在高、低施氮水平下的LAI较NSC分别高25.1%和16.0%。开花灌浆阶段, 2个施氮水平下SDC旗叶和倒二叶SPAD始终高于NSC, 氮胁迫下二者的差距增大。两类品种的净光合速率(NPR)和群体光合速率(CAP)的差异也主要出现在灌浆中后期, 氮胁迫下SDC以上2个参数较NSC均有优势。氮胁迫下, 花后功能叶片的硝态氮、铵态氮、可溶性糖含量SDC也高于NSC。SDC较NSC有更高的氮素利用效率(NUtE), 氮胁迫下, 二者NUtE的差距增加。以上结果表明, 低氮胁迫下SDC的生产力高于NSC, 这与其较高的库容、较长叶片功能期有关。

关键词: 人工合成小麦衍生品种, 氮胁迫, 产量, 光合特性, 氮素利用效率

Abstract:

Soil nitrogen (N) deficiency at mid-late growth stage is one of the serious factors leading to lowered grain yield of wheat. The high yield potential of synthetic hexaploid wheat-derived cultivar (SDC) has been well documented, however, its responses to N deficiency at mid-late growth stage need further study. Six cultivars were grown under two fertilizer-N applied conditions over two consecutive growing seasons (2015-2017). The cultivars consisted of three typical SDC (Chuanmai 42, Chuanmai 104 and Mianmai 367) and three non-synthetic hexaploid wheat-derived cultivar (NSC; Mianmai 37, Chuannong 16, and Chuanmai 30). Two N treatments consisted of normal N application (Nn, 150 kg hm -2, basal fertilizer 40%, top dressing 60%) and N stress (Ns, 60 kg hm -2, basal fertilizer only), and grain yield and associated physiological traits of these wheat cultivars in response to N deficiency at mid-late growth stage were studied. It turned out that the mean yield reduction of SDC (19.6%) and NSC (20.4%) was close under N stress, while SDC showed 14.4% (Nn) and 15.9% (Ns) advantages on yield than NSC at both N treatments. Besides, the biomass and grain number per unit area of SDC were higher than those of NSC. At anthesis, SDC and NSC had roughly the same leaf area index (LAI) values, whereas the LAI decline in SDC was less than that in NSC at mid-late grain-filling stage. Compared with NSC, the LAI of SDC was 25.1% (Nn) and 16.0% (Ns) higher at 22 days after anthesis, respectively. The SPAD values of flag and penultimate leaves in SDC were always higher than those in NSC at both N treatments during grain filling period, and the gap between them was increased under N stress. The differences in net photosynthetic rate (NPR) and canopy photosynthetic rate (CAP) between the two types of wheat also mainly appeared at mid-late grain-filling stage, and SDC still had advantages compared with NSC under Ns. In addition, the nitrate N, ammonium N and soluble sugar content in flag and penultimate leaves in SDC were higher than those in NSC under N stress condition. At last, SDC had higher N utilization efficiency (NUtE) than NSC, which difference between SDC and NSC was further increased by N stress. Overall, the above results indicate that the productivity of SDC is stronger than that of NSC at low N condition, which might be related to the higher sink capacity and longer leaf function period in SDC.

Key words: synthetic hexaploid wheat-derived cultivar, nitrogen stress, grain yield, photosynthetic characteristics, nitrogen utilization efficiency

图1

小麦生育期间(11月至翌年5月)的日最高温和最低温"

表1

参试品种相关信息"

类别
Type		 品种
Cultivar		 系谱
Pedigree		 审定年份
Year of release		 区试产量
YD? (kg hm-2)		 区试增产率
Increase rate of yield (%)
SDC 川麦42 Chuanmai 42 Syn 769/Chuanmai 30//Chuan 6415 2004 6130 16.4
川麦104 Chuanmai 104 Chuanmai 42/Chuannong 16 2012 6120 14.1
绵麦367 Mianmai 367 Mianmai 37/Chuanmai 43 2010 5690 14.0
NSC 绵麦37 Mianmai 37 96EW37/Mianyang 90-100 2004 5110 12.6
川农16 Chuannong 16 Chuanyu 12/7-429 2002 4819 13.0
川麦30 Chuanmai 30 77//YAA/ALD‘S’/3/YSZ//ST2022/983 1998 4481 8.58

表2

不同小麦品种产量、产量构成及生物产量对中后期氮胁迫的响应"

年份
Year		 处理Treatment 品种
Cultivar		 产量
Yield
(kg hm-2)		 粒数
Grain number (×104 hm-2)		 千粒重
1000-kernel weight (g)		 生物产量
Biomass
(kg hm-2)		 收获指数
Harvest index
2016 Nn 川麦42 Chuanmai 42 9627 a 17851 a 48.3 a 18989 a 0.44 a
川麦104 Chuanmai 104 9263 a 17190 a 45.6 b 18296 ab 0.44 a
绵麦367 Mianmai 367 9556 a 18518 a 44.6 c 18702 a 0.45 a
绵麦37 Mianmai 37 7284 b 15203 a 45.8 b 14861 c 0.43 a
川农16 Chuannong 16 9119 a 16413 a 42.7 d 18937 a 0.42 a
川麦30 Chuanmai 30 7540 b 16397 a 40.4 e 15430 c 0.43 a
平均 Mean 8732 16929 44.6 17536 0.43
SDC 9482 17853* 46.2 18663 0.44**
NSC 7981 16004 43.0 16409 0.43
Ns 川麦42 Chuanmai 42 7696 a 12744 b 49.7 a 15493 a 0.43 ab
川麦104 Chuanmai 104 7335 a 12705 b 46.9 b 14973 ab 0.43 ab
绵麦367 Mianmai 367 7991 a 15275 a 48.5 ab 15527 a 0.45 a
绵麦37 Mianmai 37 6447 b 11231 b 48.1 b 13442 bc 0.42 bc
川农16 Chuannong 16 6509 b 11960 b 44.0 c 13170 bc 0.43 ab
川麦30 Chuanmai 30 5512 c 12303 b 40.8 d 12082 c 0.40 c
平均 Mean 6915 12703 46.3 14115 0.43
SDC 7674* 13575 48.4 15331** 0.44
NSC 6156 11831 44.3 12898 0.42
2017 Nn 川麦42 Chuanmai 42 8355 d 12893 c 59.7 a 18647 a 0.39 c
川麦104 Chuanmai 104 10332 a 16922 a 53.9 bc 18615 a 0.48 a
绵麦367 Mianmai 367 9815 b 15559 ab 56.0 b 18507 a 0.46 ab
绵麦37 Mianmai 37 8766 c 15218 ab 55.6 b 17188 b 0.44 b
川农16 Chuannong 16 8837 c 15346 ab 52.4 c 16426 b 0.47 ab
川麦30 Chuanmai 30 8297 d 14443 bc 53.8 bc 16222 b 0.45 b
平均 Mean 9067 15063 55.2 17601 0.46
SDC 9501 15125 56.5 18590* 0.45
NSC 8634 15002 54.0 16612 0.45
Ns 川麦42 Chuanmai 42 6352 bc 8735 b 60.4 a 14798 a 0.37 b
川麦104 Chuanmai 104 8213 a 11480 ab 56.8 abc 15350 a 0.46 a
绵麦367 Mianmai 367 8229 a 14154 a 53.3 c 15343 a 0.47 a
绵麦37 Mianmai 37 7397 abc 10912 ab 59.3 a 15170 a 0.42 ab
川农16 Chuannong 16 7643 ab 12346 ab 55.3 bc 15112 a 0.44 a
川麦30 Chuanmai 30 6232 c 9202 b 58.0 ab 14838 a 0.37 b
平均 Mean 7344 11138 57.2 15102 0.42
SDC 7598 11456 56.9 15164 0.43
NSC 7091 10820 57.5 15040 0.41

图2

SDC和NSC叶面积指数对中后期氮胁迫的响应(2017) Nn: 正常施氮处理; Ns: 氮胁迫处理。误差线为标准差。图中数据为同一施氮水平下的同一类3个品种的平均值。其他缩写同表1。"

图3

SDC和NSC上三叶SPAD值对中后期氮胁迫的响应 Nn: 正常施氮处理; Ns: 氮胁迫处理。图中数据为同一施氮水平下的同一类3个品种的平均值。其他缩写同表1。"

图4

SDC和NSC旗叶净光合速率(NPR)对中后期氮胁迫的响应 缩写同表1和图2。误差线为标准差。图中数据为同一施氮水平下的同一类3个品种的平均值。"

图5

SDC和NSC群体光合速率(CAP)对中后期氮胁迫的响应(2017) 缩写同表1和图2。误差线为标准差。图中数据为同一施氮水平下的同一类3个品种的平均值。"

表3

SDC和NSC旗叶和倒2叶硝态氮、铵态氮和可溶性糖含量对中后期氮胁迫的响应"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 花后天数
Days after
anthesis (d)		 品种
Cultivar		 硝态氮含量
NO3--N content
(mg g-1 FW)		 铵态氮含量
NH4+-N content
(mg g-1 FW)		 可溶性糖含量
Soluble sugar content
(mg g-1 FW)
2016 Nn 0 SDC 0.25 0.27 29.6
NSC 0.30 0.21 42.4**
22 SDC 0.21 0.14 26.2
NSC 0.26 0.11 38.8**
Ns 0 SDC 0.37 0.19 45.3
NSC 0.32 0.13 32.7
22 SDC 0.31 0.10 41.4
NSC 0.26 0.11 30.4
年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 花后天数
Days after
anthesis (d)		 品种
Cultivar		 硝态氮含量
NO3--N content
(mg g-1 FW)		 铵态氮含量
NH4+-N content
(mg g-1 FW)		 可溶性糖含量
Soluble sugar content
(mg g-1 FW)
2017 Nn 0 SDC 0.08 0.12 30.6
NSC 0.09 0.11 31.9
22 SDC 0.10 0.18** 21.1
NSC 0.10 0.11 24.2
Ns 0 SDC 0.11* 0.10 38.5*
NSC 0.09 0.11 29.5
22 SDC 0.10 0.12 31.9
NSC 0.10 0.09 32.7

图6

SDC和NSC氮素利用效率(NUtE)对中后期氮胁迫的响应 缩写同表1和图2。误差线为标准差。图中数据为同一施氮水平下的同一类3个品种的平均值。"

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