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作物学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (10): 1579-1590.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2020.02010

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同生态条件下播期对机插杂交籼稻日产量的影响

张驰1(), 何连华1, 廖爽2, 高云天1, 朱世林1, 李博1, 周伟1, 陈勇1, 胡剑锋1, 项祖芬2, 任万军1,*()   

  1. 1 四川农业大学 / 农业农村部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室, 四川温江 611130
    2 绵阳市农业科学研究院, 四川绵阳 621023
  • 收稿日期:2020-02-15 接受日期:2020-06-02 出版日期:2020-10-12 网络出版日期:2020-06-22
  • 通讯作者: 任万军
  • 作者简介:E-mail: zhangchi20176532@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家粮食丰产增效科技创新专项课题(2017YFD03017-02);国家粮食丰产增效科技创新专项课题(2018YFD030141-04);四川省育种攻关项目(2016NYZ0051)

Effect of sowing date on daily yield of mechanical indica hybrid rice under different ecological conditions

ZHANG Chi1(), HE Lian-Hua1, LIAO Shuang2, GAO Yun-Tian1, ZHU Shi-Lin1, LI Bo1, ZHOU Wei1, CHEN Yong1, HU Jian-Feng1, XIANG Zu-Fen2, REN Wan-Jun1,*()   

  1. 1 College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Cultivation in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
    2 Mianyang Agricultural Sciences Research Institute, Mianyang 621023, Sichuan, China
  • Received:2020-02-15 Accepted:2020-06-02 Published:2020-10-12 Published online:2020-06-22
  • Contact: Wan-Jun REN
  • Supported by:
    National Special Project on Scientific and Technological Innovation of Increasing Grain Yield and Efficiency(2017YFD03017-02);National Special Project on Scientific and Technological Innovation of Increasing Grain Yield and Efficiency(2018YFD030141-04);Sichuan Breeding Breakthrough Project(2016NYZ0051)

摘要:

为探讨不同生态条件下播期对机插杂交籼稻日产量的影响, 并提出相应的丰产对策, 以3个杂交籼稻品种宜香优2115、F优498和川优6203为材料, 采取毯苗机插栽培方式, 在四川的南部、射洪、安州和大邑4个生态点, 通过分期播种, 研究不同生态条件下播期对机插杂交籼稻全生育期、产量和日产量的影响。结果表明, 不同生态条件下机插杂交籼稻的全生育期、产量和日产量存在差异; 随着播期从3月下旬推迟至5月上旬, 机插杂交籼稻播种至拔节期天数缩短, 抽穗至成熟期天数增加, 平均全生育期从159.5 d逐渐缩短至150.7 d, 平均产量从10,260.45 kg hm-2逐渐下降至7795.83 kg hm-2, 平均日产量从64.58 kg hm-2 d-1逐渐下降至51.95 kg hm-2 d-1。气象因子对机插杂交籼稻产量和日产量的影响在不同生态条件下存在差异, 产量与全生育期平均气温日较差、日照时数呈显著正相关, 与水稻全生育期日平均温度、平均日最低温度、日平均相对湿度和降雨量呈显著负相关; 日产量与全生育期平均气温日较差、日照时数呈显著正相关, 而与全生育期平均日最低温度、日平均相对湿度呈显著负相关, 在南部、射洪和大邑与全生育期日平均温度呈显著负相关。在四川盆地西平原区和中、东北丘陵区, 冬水(闲)田或蔬菜茬口水稻最佳播期在3月下旬, 选择F优498进行机插栽培可获得较高日产量; 麦(油)茬水稻应在前茬收获后尽早抢栽, 一般在4月下旬播种, 选择F优498进行机插栽培可获得较高日产量。

关键词: 水稻, 播期, 机插, 日产量, 生态条件

Abstract:

In order to explore the effect of sowing date on daily yield of mechanical indica hybrid rice under different ecological conditions and put forward the corresponding countermeasures, for high yield, a two-factor split plot design, with three indica hybrid rice (Yixiangyou 2115, F you 498, and Chuanyou 6203) and four sowing dates, was conducted to study the effects of different sowing date and ecological conditions on the whole growth period, grain yield and daily yield of machine-transplanted rice in Nanbu, Shehong, Anzhou, and Dayi of Sichuan province. The results showed that there were differences in the whole growth period, yield and daily yield of rice under different ecological conditions. As the sowing date was postponed from late March to early May, the days from sowing to jointing were shortened and the days from heading to maturity were increased, the average whole growth period was shortened from 159.5 days to 150.7 days, the average yield was decreased from 10,260.45 kg hm -2 to 7795.83 kg hm-2, and the average daily yield was decreased from 64.58 kg hm-2 d-1 to 51.95 kg hm-2 d-1. The effects of meteorological factors on grain yield and daily yield of machine-transplanted indica hybrid rice were different under different ecological conditions. The yield was significantly positively correlated with the average daily temperature range and sunshine hours of the whole growth period, while yield was significantly negatively correlated with the average daily temperature, average daily minimum temperature, average daily relative humidity and rainfall of the whole growth period of rice. The daily yield was significantly positively correlated with the average daily temperature range and sunshine hours of the whole growth period, while significantly negatively correlated with the average daily minimum temperature and the average daily relative humidity of the whole growth period. For different experimental region, the daily yield was significantly negatively correlated with the average daily temperature in Nanbu, Shehong, and Dayi. In the west plain area and the middle and northeast hilly areas of Sichuan Basin, the preferred varieties should be F you 498, winter idle field or vegetable stubble rice should be sown in late march, while wheat (rapeseed) stubble rice should be sown as early as possible after the previous harvest, and generally sown in late April for higher yield and daily yield.

Key words: rice, sowing date, mechanical transplanting, daily yield, ecological conditions

表1

试验点分布情况及气象资料"

试点Location 经度 Longitude (E) 纬度 Latitude
(N)
海拔Altitude
(m)
年份
Year
水稻生长季Rice growing season 地理分区
Geographical regions
有效积温
Effective
accumulated
temperature (℃)
降雨量Rainfall
(mm)
日照时数Sunshine
hours (h)
南部
Nanbu
105°98′ 31°26′ 362 2018
2019
1708.2
1545.1
1129.6
1155.5
1071.0
801.3
四川盆地东北丘陵区
Hilly area of northeast Sichuan basin
射洪
Shehong
105°44′ 30°83′ 336 2018
2019
1685.1
1533.2
758.0
963.6
734.2
693.2
四川盆地中部丘陵区
Hilly area of mid Sichuan basin
安州
Anzhou
104°49′ 31°58′ 539 2018
2019
1563.7
1491.3
1364.5
857.3
801.4
608.6
四川盆地西北平原区
Plain of northwestern Sichuan basin
大邑
Dayi
103°57′ 30°49′ 504 2018
2019
1453.5
1375.5
1605.4
914.9
812.5
546.0
四川盆地西平原区
Plain of western Sichuan basin

表2

4个生态区试验田土壤理化性质"

试点
Location
pH 有机质
Organic matter
(g kg-1)
全氮
Total N
content
(g kg-1)
全磷
Total P
content
(g kg-1)
全钾
Total K
content
(g kg-1)
碱解氮
Available N
(mg kg-1)
速效磷
Available P
(mg kg-1)
速效钾
Available K
(mg kg-1)
南部Nanbu 7.39 31.95 1.28 0.36 10.62 55.97 50.88 96.32
射洪Shehong 7.52 26.69 1.40 0.60 12.20 62.04 85.83 128.52
安州Anzhou 6.80 25.43 1.69 0.76 14.97 74.20 97.10 134.85
大邑Dayi 6.04 32.97 2.94 0.77 13.81 97.74 32.11 112.67

表3

试验点播期设置"

试点
Location
播种期 Date of sowing (month/day)
I II III IV
南部Nanbu 3/20 3/30 4/19 4/29
射洪Shehong 3/22 4/1 4/21 5/1
安州Anzhou 3/23 4/2 4/22 5/2
大邑Dayi 3/25 4/4 4/24 5/4

表4

产量和日产量联合方差分析(F值)"

变异来源
Variation source
产量Yield 日产量Daily yield
2018 2019 2018 2019
生态点Location 109.667** 82.400** 100.770** 149.678**
播期Sowing date 151.611** 254.893** 81.802** 148.971**
品种Variety 21.186** 35.901** 40.202** 64.498**
生态点×播期Location × sowing date 31.548** 2.943** 29.494** 1.959
品种×播期Variety × sowing date 0.242 0.227 0.153 0.389
生态点×品种Location × variety 2.983* 0.784 2.407* 1.069
生态点×品种×播期Location × variety × sowing date 0.618 0.871 0.705 0.869

图1

4个生态区2018-2019年气象数据及水稻生育进程 a: 南部; b: 射洪; c: 安州; d: 大邑。"

表5

生态条件对机插杂交籼稻全生育期、产量和日产量的影响"

生态点
Location
全生育期WGP (d) 产量Yield (kg hm-2) 日产量Daily yield (kg hm-2 d-1)
2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019
南部Nanbu 152 157 8930.69±270.91 b 9283.25±217.75 b 58.90±1.60 b 59.16±1.23 b
射洪Shehong 152 155 9743.34±153.66 a 9635.57±196.22 a 64.49±0.83 a 62.25±1.11 a
安州Anzhou 153 164 9766.41±149.29 a 8066.23±246.88 c 63.91±0.83 a 48.95±1.30 c
大邑Dayi 153 153 8131.26±134.24 c 9448.57±162.34 ab 53.73±0.96 c 61.71±0.95 a

表6

播期对机插杂交籼稻全生育期、产量和日产量的影响"

品种
Variety
播期 Sowing date 全生育期WGP (d) 产量Yield (kg hm-2) 日产量Daily yield (kg hm-2 d-1)
2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019
宜香优2115 I 158 165 9843.51±57.48 a 10271.55±101.50 a 62.27±0.37 a 62.39±0.59 a
Yixiangyou 2115 II 157 162 9520.12±73.68 b 9379.30±16.82 b 60.83±0.46 a 57.96±0.12 b
III 152 157 8511.90±113.58 c 8344.68±217.52 c 56.29±0.75 b 53.26±1.41 b
IV 151 156 7851.66±147.63 d 7328.08±125.96 d 52.44±0.99 c 47.21±0.82 d
F优498 I 154 161 10,306.41±15.15 a 10915.34±181.61 a 67.24±0.10 a 67.99±1.10 a
F you 498 II 153 157 10,160.56±208.49 a 10,235.50±208.41 b 66.75±1.36 a 65.44±1.32 b
III 148 151 9132.45±172.47 b 9208.15±53.57 c 62.02±1.18 b 61.08±0.34 c
IV 147 149 8385.35±217.30 c 8062.46±49.75 d 58.09±1.49 c 54.17±0.32 d
川优6203 I 156 163 9873.14±263.77 a 10,352.73±19.52 a 63.70±1.70 a 63.85±0.14 a
Chuanyou 6203 II 154 159 9645.96±113.75 a 9464.11±287.25 b 62.62±0.74 a 59.68±1.72 b
III 150 154 8765.43±177.96 b 8476.81±315.64 c 58.81±1.20 b 55.41±2.08 c
IV 148 153 7885.33±99.05 c 7262.12±134.52 d 52.02±0.68 c 47.79±0.91 d

图2

各生态区气象因子对机插杂交籼稻产量的影响 A: 日平均气温(℃); B: 日最低气温(℃); C: 平均气温日较差(℃); D: 日平均相对湿度(%); E: 降雨量(mm); F: 日照时数(h)。"

图3

各生态区气象因子对机插杂交籼稻日产量的影响 A: 日平均气温(℃); B: 日最低气温(℃); C: 平均气温日较差(℃); D: 日平均相对湿度(%); E: 降雨量(mm); F: 日照时数(h)。"

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