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作物学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (8): 1166-1173.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2020.91069

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇    下一篇

我国北部冬麦区小麦区域试验重复次数和试点数量的优化设计

张毅1,许乃银2,郭利磊1,杨子光3,张笑晴1,杨晓妮2   

  1. 1全国农业技术推广服务中心, 北京 100125
    2江苏省农业科学院, 江苏南京 210014
    3洛阳农林科学院, 河南洛阳 471022
  • 收稿日期:2019-11-29 接受日期:2020-03-24 出版日期:2020-08-12 网络出版日期:2020-05-08
  • 作者简介:E-mail: zhangy@oilcrops.cn, Tel: 010-64194512
  • 基金资助:
    国家农作物品种区域试验专项

Optimization of test location number and replicate frequency in regional winter wheat variety trials in northern winter wheat region in China

ZHANG Yi1,XU Nai-Yin2,GUO Li-Lei1,YANG Zi-Guang3,ZHANG Xiao-Qing1,YANG Xiao-Ni2   

  1. 1National Extension and Service Center of Agricultural Technology, Beijing 100125, China
    2Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China
    3Luoyang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Luoyang 471022, Henan, China
  • Received:2019-11-29 Accepted:2020-03-24 Published:2020-08-12 Published online:2020-05-08
  • Supported by:
    Special Project of National Crop Regional Trials

摘要:

农作物品种区域试验重复次数和试点数量的合理配置有利于提高试验的成本效率和品种选择效率。本研究分析了2010—2019年期间北部冬麦区小麦品种区域试验的重复次数和试点数量设置的合理性, 依据小麦品种试验的信噪比和遗传力水平随重复次数和试点数量的变化规律, 提出了重复次数和试点数量的优化设计方案。结果表明: (1) 北部冬麦区小麦单点试验的遗传力平均达到0.87, 需要的重复次数平均值仅为1.4, 说明3次重复可以充分保证试验精确度的需求。(2)北部冬麦区水地组和旱地组小麦区域试验达到0.75的遗传力水平时, 需要的试点数量分别为11个和13个, 目前有效试点数量分别约为11个和8个, 分别达到0.75和0.60的遗传力水平。(3)小麦品种区域试验结果对品种的审定和应用十分重要, 而每年都可能有少数试验点因为各种异常情况而报废, 为保证试验结果的可靠性, 可按H = 0.75的水平需求安排试验点数量和重复次数, 即重复次数可保持当前的3次; 水地组的试点数量可保持在11个左右; 旱地组可将试点增加到13个; 如要将遗传力提高到0.80的水平, 则需约16个试点。

关键词: 小麦(Triticum aestivum L.), 区域试验, 遗传力, 信噪比, 重复次数, 试点数量

Abstract:

The rational allocation of the replicate frequency and test location number in regional crop trials are highly beneficial to the enhancement of both trial cost efficiency and new cultivar selection efficiency. The rationality of test location number and replicate frequency for national wheat regional trials in the Northern winter wheat region (NWWR) in China was evaluated by using historical experimental datasets during the last 10 years according to the dynamics of trial heritability and noise-signal quotient (Q) with the increase of test locations and replicates within trials in 2010-2019, proposing an optimal design scheme of the replicate frequency and test location number for the wheat planting region. The result indicated three replicates at current achieve 0.87 of the averaged within-trial heritability of single-trials in NWWR, and only 1.4 times of replicates on average was needed to achieve 0.75 of within-trial heritability, so three replicates were obviously sufficient to maintain enough test accuracy. The needed test location number to achieve 0.75 of cross-trial heritability was estimated as 11 for the irrigated group and 13 for the rainfed group in the one-year multi-locational trials in NWWR, while in the current wheat trials that was about 11 and 8 effective test locations, achieving a heritability level of 0.75 and 0.60, respectively. The irrigated group was exactly meet the trial accuracy requirement (H = 0.75), while the rainfed group was somewhat insufficient. Considering the importance of the regional wheat trials in recommending new varieties for registration and production, and the possible trial cancellation due to various abnormalities, the practical management should set a heritability level around 0.75, and maintain three replicates, with around 11 test locations for the irrigated group, and 13 locations for the rain-fed group. In order to increase heritability to the level of 0.80, about 16 test locations should be required.

Key words: wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), regional trial, heritability, noise-signal quotient, number of replicate, number of test location

表1

2010-2019年我国北部冬麦区国家小麦品种区域试验组数、品种数和产量统计表"

年度
Year
水地组
Irrigated group
旱地组
Rainfed group
北部冬麦区
Northern winter wheat region
试点数
Site
品种数
Cultivar
产量
Yield (kg hm?2)
试点数
Site
品种数
Cultivar
产量
Yield (kg hm?2)
试点数
Site
品种数
Cultivar
2009-2010 11 13 6178.1 9 9 3581.0 20 22
2010-2011 12 12 6717.5 9 10 3885.5 21 22
2011-2012 11 11 6895.7 7 8 5524.9 18 19
2012-2013 11 14 6119.9 9 10 3213.0 20 24
2013-2014 12 14 7485.6 9 10 5165.8 21 24
2014-2015 12 10 7935.6 10 13 5490.4 22 23
2015-2016 11 16 7996.1 7 12 4737.7 18 28
2016-2017 10 11 8536.2 9 12 4417.7 19 23
2017-2018 11 14 7153.2 9 8 4719.7 20 22
2018-2019 11 17 8367.4 6 8 4679.4 17 25
平均Mean 11.2 13.2 7338.5 8.4 10.0 4541.5 19.6 23.2
合计Total 112 132 84 100 196 232

表2

2010-2019年北部冬麦区单年单点小麦品种试验在遗传力为0.75时所需要重复数的次数分布"

需要重复数
Interval of
Nr needed
水地组
Irrigated group
旱地组
Rainfed group
北部冬麦区
Northern winter wheat region
N f (%) Cf (%) Nr Qr N f (%) Cf (%) Nr Qr N f (%) Cf (%) Nr Qr
Nr ≤ 1 75 67.0 67.0 0.40 0.13 60 71.4 71.4 0.30 0.10 135 68.9 68.9 0.36 0.12
1 < Nr ≤ 2 14 12.5 79.5 1.41 0.47 14 16.7 88.1 1.34 0.45 28 14.3 83.2 1.38 0.46
2 < Nr ≤ 3 8 7.1 86.6 2.34 0.78 1 1.2 89.3 2.00 0.67 9 4.6 87.8 2.30 0.77
3 < Nr ≤ 4 4 3.6 90.2 3.37 1.12 3 3.6 92.9 3.30 1.10 7 3.6 91.3 3.34 1.11
4 < Nr ≤5 2 1.8 92.0 4.20 1.40 1 1.2 94.1 4.37 1.46 3 1.5 92.9 4.26 1.42
Nr > 5 9 8.0 100.0 9.70 3.23 5 6.0 100.0 8.90 2.97 14 7.1 100.0 9.41 3.14
总计Total 112 100.0 1.59 0.53 84 100.0 1.17 0.39 196 100.0 1.41 0.46

图1

北部冬麦区小麦品种试验的遗传力(H)及其所需重复(Nr)或试点数量(Ne)的关系 Irrigated和Rainfed分别代表北部冬麦区的水地组和旱地组小麦品种试验; Qr和Qe分别代表重复数信噪比和试点数信噪比。"

表3

北部冬麦区小麦品种试验在不同遗传力水平下需要的重复数和试点数量定量分析"

试验因素
Trial factor
组别
Group
信噪比
Qr/Qe
数量
No.
不同遗传力(H)水平下需要的重复数和试点数N
Replicate and test location needed at different heritabilities (H) N
0.65 0.75 0.80 0.83 0.85 0.86 0.87 0.88 0.90 0.95
重复
Replicate
水地Irrigated 0.53 3 1.0 1.6 2.1 2.6 3.0 3.3 3.5 3.9 4.8 10.1
旱地Rainfed 0.39 3 0.7 1.2 1.6 1.9 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.9 3.5 7.4
北部冬麦区NWWR 0.46 3 0.9 1.4 1.8 2.2 2.6 2.8 3.1 3.4 4.1 8.7
试点
Location
水地Irrigated 3.63 11 6.7 10.9 14.5 17.7 20.6 22.3 24.3 26.6 32.7 69.0
旱地Rainfed 4.17 9 7.7 12.5 16.7 20.4 23.6 25.6 27.9 30.6 37.5 79.2
北部冬麦区NWWR 3.90 10 7.2 11.7 15.6 19.0 22.1 24.0 26.1 28.6 35.1 74.1

图2

北部冬麦区小麦品种试验的遗传力增量(ΔH)与单位重复数或试点数的关系"

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