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作物学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (11): 2208-2219.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.94194

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

宁南旱区沟垄集雨结合覆盖对土壤水热肥与马铃薯产量的影响

吴春花(), 普雪可, 周永瑾, 勉有明, 苗芳芳, 李荣*()   

  1. 宁夏大学农学院, 宁夏银川 750021
  • 收稿日期:2019-12-13 接受日期:2021-04-26 出版日期:2021-11-12 网络出版日期:2021-06-09
  • 通讯作者: 李荣
  • 作者简介:E-mail: w1024762120@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    宁夏自然科学基金项目(2019AAC03058);宁夏自然科学基金项目(2020AAC03098);国家自然科学基金项目(31760370);国家自然科学基金项目(31860362)

Effects of ridge-and-furrow rainwater harvesting with mulching on soil water- heat-fertility and potato yield in arid areas of southern Ningxia

WU Chun-Hua(), PU Xue-Ke, ZHOU Yong-Jin, MIAN You-Ming, MIAO Fang-Fang, LI Rong*()   

  1. School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China
  • Received:2019-12-13 Accepted:2021-04-26 Published:2021-11-12 Published online:2021-06-09
  • Contact: LI Rong
  • Supported by:
    Ningxia Natural Science Foundation Project(2019AAC03058);Ningxia Natural Science Foundation Project(2020AAC03098);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31760370);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31860362)

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摘要：

为探明不同沟垄集雨结合覆盖模式对土壤水热肥特性与旱作马铃薯产量的影响, 于2015—2016年在宁南旱区连续两年设置6种沟垄集雨结合覆盖模式定位试验[垄上覆盖塑料地膜, 沟内分别覆盖塑料地膜(PP)、玉米秸秆(PS)、生物降解地膜(PB)、麻纤维地膜(PF)、液态地膜(PL)和沟不覆盖(PN)], 以平作不覆盖为对照(CK), 研究其对土壤水分、温度、养分及马铃薯产量的影响。沟垄集雨结合覆盖模式可显著提高全生育期平均0~200 cm层土壤贮水量, 以PS处理的保墒效果最佳。PP处理对马铃薯生育期土壤温度(0~25 cm)具有显著的增温效果, 而PS处理降温效果显著。与试验处理前相比, 2年马铃薯收获期不同沟垄集雨结合覆盖模式下0~40 cm层土壤有机碳、全氮、碱解氮、速效磷含量均显著提高, 而速效钾含量显著降低, 与对照相比均显著提高, 其中以PS处理增幅最大。沟垄集雨结合覆盖模式能显著提高马铃薯产量和商品薯率, 其中以PS和PP处理最高, PB、PF和PL处理次之, 而PN与CK无显著差异。通过相关分析及通径分析发现, 土壤水分、有机碳及温度是制约马铃薯高产的重要因子。垄覆地膜沟覆秸秆处理可显著改善旱作土壤水热肥环境, 提高马铃薯产量, 在宁南旱区马铃薯高产栽培中具有一定的应用价值。

关键词: 沟垄集雨结合覆盖, 土壤水分, 土壤温度, 土壤养分, 马铃薯产量

Abstract:

In order to explore the effect of different ridge-and-furrow rainwater harvesting with mulching patterns on soil water-heat-fertility properties and the yield of rainfed potato. A located experiment was conducted in 2015 and 2016 for two consecutive years, and six ridge-and-furrow rainwater harvesting with mulching patterns were set up in dry farmland of southern Ningxia. Ridges were mulched with plastic film, while furrows were covered with plastic film (PP), maize straw (PS), biodegradable film (PB), bast fiber film (PF), liquid film (PL), and furrow without mulching (PN), and the flat planting without mulching was used as control check (CK). We investigated the effect of ridge-and-furrow rainwater harvesting with mulching on soil water, temperature, nutrients, and potato yield. Furrow-and-ridge rainwater harvesting with mulching patterns could significantly increase average soil water storage in 0-200 cm layer during the whole growth period, and PS treatment had the best effect on soil water conservation. Compared with CK, PP treatment significantly increased topsoil temperature (0-25 cm) during the growth period, while PS treatment significantly reduced topsoil temperature in potato. Compared with the treatment before the experiment, the contents of soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolysed nitrogen, and available phosphorus in 0-40 cm layer under different furrow-and-ridge rainwater harvesting with mulching patterns were significantly increased, while the soil available potassium contents were significantly decreased during the two-year experiments. Compared with the control, the soil nutrients with different furrow-and-ridge rainwater harvesting with mulching patterns were significantly increased with the largest increase in soil nutrients in PS treatment. Ridge-and-furrow rainwater harvesting with mulching patterns could significantly improve potato yield and marketable tuber rate, and PS and PP treatments were the highest, followed by PB, PF, and PL treatments, while there was no significant difference between PN and CK treatments. According to correlation and path analysis, the soil water, organic carbon, and temperature were the important factors limiting the high yield of potato. The ridge mulched with plastic film and furrow covered with straw could significantly increase potato yield by improving the soil water, temperature, and nutrient environment in dryland. It had certain application value in high yield cultivation of potato in arid areas of southern Ningxia.

Key words: ridge-and-furrow rainwater harvesting with mulching, soil water, soil temperature, soil nutrient, potato yield

图1

试验地马铃薯生育期降水量和气温月分布"

图2

不同处理下0~200 cm土层贮水量动态变化 PP: 垄覆地膜沟覆地膜; PS: 垄覆地膜沟覆秸秆; PL: 垄覆地膜沟覆液态地膜; PF: 垄覆地膜沟覆麻纤维地膜; PB: 垄覆地膜沟覆生物降解膜; PN: 垄覆地膜沟不覆盖; CK: 平作不覆盖。柱上不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异达0.05显著水平。"

图3

不同处理下0~25 cm层平均土壤温度 处理同图2。"

图4

不同处理下0~40 cm层土壤有机碳和全氮含量及碳氮比 处理同图2。柱上不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异达0.05显著水平。"

图5

不同处理下0~40 cm层土壤速效养分含量 处理同图2。柱上不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异达0.05显著水平。"

图6

不同处理下马铃薯产量和商品薯率 处理同图2。柱上不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异达0.05显著水平。"

表1

不同处理下马铃薯产量与土壤性状相关性分析"

指标Index X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 X7 X8
X2 -0.231
X3 0.748** -0.554*
X4 0.813** -0.246 0.750**
X5 0.742** -0.414 0.845** 0.687**
X6 0.808** -0.451 0.913** 0.774** 0.852**
X7 0.834** -0.490 0.802** 0.859** 0.859** 0.851**
X8 -0.370 0.340 -0.793** -0.413 -0.487 -0.630 -0.291
Y 0.856** -0.241 0.589* 0.645* 0.545* 0.588* 0.604* -0.334

表2

不同处理下马铃薯产量与各指标的通径分析"

自变量
Independent		 相关系数
Correlation
coefficient		 通径系数(直接作用)
Size coefficient
(direct effect)		 间接通径系数 Indirect path coefficient
X1→Y X2→Y X3→Y X4→Y X5→Y X6→Y X7→Y 合计Total
X1 0.856 1.396 0.09494 -0.16381 0.33008 0.23818 -0.24078 -0.79897 -0.54036
X2 -0.241 -0.411 -0.32248 0.12133 -0.09988 -0.13289 0.13440 -0.46942 0.16950
X3 0.589 -0.219 1.04421 0.22769 0.30450 0.27125 -0.27207 -0.76832 0.80726
X4 0.645 0.406 1.13495 0.10111 -0.16425 0.22053 -0.30805 -0.82292 0.16137
X5 0.545 0.321 1.03583 0.17015 -0.18506 0.27892 -0.25390 -0.82292 0.22302
X6 0.588 -0.298 1.12797 0.19995 -0.22136 0.31424 0.27349 -0.81526 0.87903
X7 0.604 -0.598 1.16426 0.20139 -0.17564 0.34875 0.27574 -0.25360 1.5609
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