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作物学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (08): 1269-1278.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2015.01269

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

粒用高粱养分吸收、产量及品质对氮磷钾营养的响应

王劲松1,焦晓燕1,*,丁玉川1,董二伟1,白文斌2,王立革1,武爱莲1   

  1. 1山西省农业科学院农业环境与资源研究所 / 土壤环境与养分资源山西省重点实验室,山西太原 030031;2山西省农业科学院高粱研究所,山西榆次030600
  • 收稿日期:2015-01-08 修回日期:2015-05-04 出版日期:2015-08-12 网络出版日期:2015-06-03
  • 基金资助:

    本研究由国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-06-02-03)资助。

Response of Nutrient Uptake, Yield and Quality to Nutrition of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium in Grain Sorghum

WANG Jin-Song1,JIAO Xiao-Yan1,*,DING Yu-Chuan1,DONG Er-Wei1,BAI Wei-Bin2,WANG Li-Ge1,WU Ai-Lian1   

  1. 1 Institute of Agricultural Environment and Resources, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Nutrient Resources of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030031, China; 2 Institute of Sorghum, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yuci 030600, China
  • Received:2015-01-08 Revised:2015-05-04 Published:2015-08-12 Published online:2015-06-03

摘要:

基于20112012年在山西省农业科学院东阳农业试验基地的大田定位试验,2013年在高粱/玉米轮作体系下,以晋杂23高粱[Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]为试料,设置NPKPKNKNPCK (不施肥) 5个施肥处理,每个处理3次重复,采用随机区组排列,研究土壤养分耗竭条件下氮磷钾肥对粒用高粱生长、养分吸收、产量和品质的影响。结果表明,出苗后76 dNPKPKNKNP理最大叶叶面积分别比CK增加18.7%4.1%17.9%16.6%,单株总功能叶面积分别比CK处理增加54.1%18.4%47.4%48.2%;整个生育期施肥处理对叶片生物量有显著影响。自出苗后121 d,各施肥处理对茎干物质累积具有显著影响。NPKPKNKNP处理籽粒产量分别比CK增加了93.8%35.5%91.2%78.1%。自出苗后100 dCKPK处理叶片中的N含量显著低于NPKNKNP处理,此时CKNK处理显著降低了叶片中P含量。在收获期,CK处理显著降低了籽粒中N含量。CKPKNP处理提高了直链淀粉含量,而支链淀粉含量下降,导致直链/支链比值相应增加。施氮肥处理(NPKNPNK)的籽粒蛋白质含量明显高于CKPK处理;NPK处理分别提高了73.9%40.3%NPK处理籽粒单宁含量比CKPK处理分别提高15.6%22.7%。研究表明,不施肥和不施氮肥显著降低了粒用高粱植株生长、干物质积累、籽粒产量、氮磷养分吸收以及籽粒中支链淀粉、蛋白质和单宁含量,不施肥和不施氮对高粱的影响明显大于不施磷或不施钾,平衡施肥有利于粒用高粱产量的提高和品质的改善。

关键词: 粒用高粱, 氮磷钾养分, 养分吸收, 籽粒产量, 籽粒品质

Abstract:

The field experiment conducted with the fixed plots tested in Dongyang Agricultural Experiment Station of Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences in 2011 and 2012 was carried out to investigate the effects of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium on nutrient uptake, yield and quality of grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] cv. Jinza 23 under the sorghum-maize rotation cropping system in 2013. The experiment included five treatments with fertilizers NPK, PK, NK, NP, and CK (without fertilization) with three replicates in a completely randomized block design. The experimental results showed that at 76 days after emergence, the sorghum maximum leaf area of NPK, PK, NP, and NK treatments increased by 18.7%, 4.1%, 17.9%, and 16.6%respectively; and the total functional leaf area per plant increased by 54.1%, 18.4%, 47.4%, and 48.2% respectively compared with CK treatment. Fertilization treatment had significantly influences on leaf biomass throughout growth period. Since 121 days after emergence, there were significant effects of different fertilization treatments on the stem biomass. Comparison with CK treatment, the sorghum grain yield of NPK, PK, NK, and NP treatments increased by 93.8%, 35.5%, 91.2%, and 78.1% respectively. The N contents in leaves of CK and PK treatments were significantly lower than those of NPK, NK, and NP treatments at 100 days after emergence. The P contents in leaves of CK and NK treatments decreased significantly as well. At 149 days after emergence, CK significantly reduced the N content in grains. The treatments of CK, PK, and NP increased the amylose contents in grains, while decreased the amylopectin content, resulting in an increased amylose/amylopectin ratio accordingly. The protein content in applying N fertilizer treatments of NPK, NP and NK was significantly higher than that of CK and PK. The grain protein content in NPK treatment was 73.9% and 40.3%, more than that in CK and PK treatments respectively. The grain tannin content of NPK treatment was the highest among treatments. The tannin content of NPK treatment increased by 15.6% and 22.7% respectively, compared with that of CK and PK treatments. These results demonstrated that no N application or no fertilization significantly reduces the growth, dry matte accumulation, grain yield, N and P uptake, and the concentrations of amylase, protein and tannin in grains of grain sorghum. The effect of no N application or no fertilization on sorghum is significantly greater than that of no P or K application. Balanced fertilization with N, P and K is beneficial to increase grain yield and improve grain quality of grain sorghum.

Key words: Grain sorghum, N, P, K nutrition, Nutrient uptake, Grain yield, Grain quality





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