甬优系列杂交稻品种的超高产群体特征

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韦还和, 姜元华, 赵可, 许俊伟, 张洪程, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲, 魏海燕, 郑飞. 甬优系列杂交稻品种的超高产群体特征. 作物学报, 2013, 39(12): 2201-2210[WEI Huan-He, JIANG Yuan-Hua, ZHAO Ke, XU Jun-Wei, ZHANG Hong-Cheng, DAI Qi-Gen, HUO Zhong-Yang, XU Ke, WEI Hai-Yan, ZHENG Fei. Characteristics of Super-high Yield Population in Yongyou Series of Hybrid Rice. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2013, 39(12): 2201-2210] 复制到剪切板

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甬优系列杂交稻品种的超高产群体特征

韦还和², 姜元华², 赵可², 许俊伟², 张洪程^1,^2,^*, 戴其根^1,², 霍中洋^1,², 许轲^1,², 魏海燕^1,², 郑飞²

¹扬州大学农业部长江流域稻作技术创新中心, 江苏扬州225009

²扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室, 江苏扬州225009

^*通讯作者(Corresponding author): 张洪程, E-mail:hczhang@yzu.edu.cn

收稿日期:2013-07-25

基金:本研究由国家粮食丰产科技工程(2011BAD16B03), 农业部超级稻新品种选育与示范项目(02318802013231)和江苏省农业三新工程项目(SXGC[2012]397)资助。

摘要

以籼粳杂交稻有代表性的品种甬优11、甬优12、甬优13、甬优15、甬优17为试材, 通过栽培措施的调控, 形成超高产(产量≥12.0 t hm^-2)和高产(10.5 t hm^-2≤产量<12.0 t hm^-2)群体。比较研究其特征表明, 与高产群体比, 超高产群体的总颖花量极显著提高, 而结实率和千粒重略降低; 平均每穗粒数极显著提高, 并且一、二次枝粳数以及粒数显著或极显著提高; 拔节期的干物重略低, 但抽穗期和成熟期的干物重均显著或极显著提高; 其有效分蘖临界叶龄期至拔节期的生长平稳, 无效分蘖发生少, 高峰苗低, 拔节期以后茎蘖数下降平缓, 成穗率、叶面积指数、光合势、干物质积累量等均较高; 基部第1、第2、第3节间的茎秆粗度和茎壁厚度及基部第1、第2、第3节间的弯曲力矩、抗折力均显著或极显著提高, 且倒伏指数减小。

关键词: 亚种间杂交稻; 甬优系列; 超高产

Characteristics of Super-high Yield Population in Yongyou Series of Hybrid Rice

WEI Huan-He², JIANG Yuan-Hua², ZHAO Ke², XU Jun-Wei², ZHANG Hong-Cheng^1,^2,^*, DAI Qi-Gen^1,², HUO Zhong-Yang^1,², XU Ke^1,², WEI Hai-Yan^1,², ZHENG Fei²

¹Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation Technology in Yangtze River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou 225009, China

²Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted using the representativeindica-japonica hybrid rice Yongyou 11, Yongyou 12, Yongyou 13, Yongyou 15, and Yongyou 17 to compare between super-high and high yield populations formed by the regulation of cultivation measures. The results showed that the spikelets of the super-high yield population was higher than that of high yield population, with difference very significant, but the seed-setting rate and 1000-grain weight of the super-high yield population were lower than those of high yield population. The average spikelets per panicle was significantly higher than that of high yield population, meanwhile the number of the primary and secondary branches and total grains were higher than those of high yield population, showing a significant or very significant difference. The dry matter accumulation of the super-high yield population was a little lower than that of the high yield population at the jointing stage, but higher at heading and maturity stages. From the critical leaf-age for productive tillers to jointing stage, the super-high yield population had a steady growth with less ineffective tillers and lower peak number of tillers after jointing stage, the super-high yield population had a steady decline in number of tillers and had higher productive tillers rate, leaf area index, photosynthetic potential and dry matter accumulation, compared with the high yield population. The super-high yield population had higher culm diameter and culm wall thickness in the basal first, second and third internodes, as well as higher bender moment and anti-broken strength, and lower lodging index than the high yield population.

Keyword: Indica-japanica inter-subspecific hybrid rice; Yongyou series; Super-high yield

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水稻超高产研究一直是农业领域的热点, 人们从超高产栽培技术、超级稻品种、产量构成、源库特征、干物质生产等方面进行了较多研究^{[ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]}。利用籼稻和粳稻杂交产生的杂种F₁代在产量性状等方面所具有的强大的杂种优势早就被人们所熟知^{[ 7]}, 有的育种家提出了籼粳架桥^{[ 8]}以及应用广亲和基因与光敏核不育基因实现亚种间杂种优势直接利用的战略思想^{[ 9]}, 也有的从源库特性等^{[ 10, 11]}方面分析了籼粳亚种间杂交稻的杂种优势, 但同时籼粳杂交F₁代也存在生育期超长以及结实率偏低等问题^{[ 12]}, 一定程度上限制了在生产上的推广应用。近年来, 宁波市农业科学院和宁波市种子公司开展了粳不/籼恢三系法杂种优势利用研究, 选育出的籼粳亚种间杂交稻甬优系列品种在较好地解决上述问题的同时, 在江苏^{[ 13]}、浙江^{[ 14, 15]}、江西^{[ 16]}等稻作区实现产量突破, 表现出很好的发展势头。前人对于超高产研究的试验对象大多以杂交籼稻和粳稻(常规粳稻、杂交粳稻)为主, 对籼粳亚种间杂交稻特别是籼粳杂交稻甬优系列品种的超高产特征报道较少, 更缺乏系统的研究。因此, 本研究以甬优系列品种为材料, 观察与分析产量达12.0 t hm^-2以上的群体生长特征, 以期为籼粳杂交稻品种的超高产栽培提供理论依据。

1 材料与方法

1.1 供试材料

选用甬优11、甬优12、甬优13、甬优15和甬优17。

1.2 试验设计与栽培管理

试验于2011—2012年在扬州大学农学院试验农场进行。土壤类型为沙壤土, 含全氮0.13%、碱解氮87.3 mg kg^-1、速效磷32.5 mg kg^-1、速效钾88.5 mg kg^-1。采用裂区设计, 以栽培措施为主区, 设置超高产(产量≥12.0 t hm^-2)和高产(10.5 t hm^-2≤产量<12.0 t hm^-2)两处理, 以品种为裂区, 每小区面积25 m², 3次重复。主区间作埂隔离, 并用塑料薄膜覆盖埂体, 保证各主区间单独排灌。

1.2.1 超高产栽培应用精确定量栽培原理设计, 两年均于5月12日播种, 6月10日移栽, 旱育壮秧, 栽插密度为25.5万穴 hm^-2(30.0 cm×13.2 cm), 每穴插1粒种子苗, 总施氮量300 kg hm^-2, 基蘖肥∶穗肥 = 5∶5, 其中基肥在移栽前1 d施用, 分蘖肥移栽后7 d施用, 穗肥于倒四、倒二叶等量施用。N∶P₂O₅∶K₂O (质量比) = 2∶1∶2, 施过磷酸钙(含12% P₂O₅) 1250 kg hm^-2, 作基肥一次施用, 钾肥50%作为基肥, 50%于倒四叶施用, 在基追肥中施用硅肥(90 kg hm^-2)和多效锌(20 kg hm^-2)。在有效分蘖临界叶龄期的前1个叶龄, 当茎蘖数达到预期穗数的80%时, 开始排水搁田; 拔节至成熟期实行湿润灌溉, 干湿交替, 按超高产栽培要求防治病虫害。

1.2.2 高产栽培两年均于5月12日播种, 6月10日移栽, 湿润育秧, 栽插密度为25.5万穴 hm^-2 (30.0 cm×13.2 cm), 每穴插1粒种子苗, 总施氮量262.5 kg hm^-2, 基蘖肥∶穗肥 = 7∶3, N∶P₂O₅∶K₂O (质量比) = 2∶1∶2, 基肥为45%复合肥 875 kg hm^-2, 分蘖肥为尿素125 kg hm^-2, 在移栽后1个叶龄后施用, 穗肥于倒四和倒二叶分2次等量施用, 同时基施过磷酸钙, 钾肥50%用作基肥, 50%于倒四叶施用。当茎蘖数达到预期穗数时, 排水搁田; 拔节至成熟期实行湿润灌溉, 干湿交替, 按常规高产栽培防治病虫害。

1.3 测定项目与方法

1.3.1 茎蘖动态于每处理小区定5个观察点, 每个观察点15穴, 拔节期前每5 d 观察一次, 拔节后每7 d观察一次。

1.3.2 叶面积与干物质量分别于有效分蘖临界叶龄期、拔节期、抽穗期、乳熟期和成熟期, 按每处理小区茎蘖数的平均数取10穴, 测定叶面积和干物质量, 采用长宽系数法测定叶面积, 测后将叶片放在105℃杀青30 min, 80℃烘干至恒重, 测定干物质量。

1.3.3 光合势光合势(m² d hm^-2) = 1/2×( L1+ L 2)×( t2- t1)。式中, L1和 L2为前后2次测定的叶面积(m² hm^-2), t1和 t2为前后2次测定的间隔时间(d)。

1.3.4 穗部性状按平均穗数取10穴考种, 考察分穗长、一次枝粳数、二次枝粳数等穗部性状。

1.3.5 茎秆性状与倒伏性状于抽穗期, 每小区选取生长基本一致的植株5穴用于测定植株倒伏性状的相关指标。植株倒伏性状主要指茎秆物理力学指标, 参照李红娇等^{[ 17]}的方法。保留叶鞘、叶片和穗子, 并保持不失水。将待测定的节间置测定器上, 令该节间中点与测定器中点对应, 在中点挂一盘子, 向盘中逐渐加入砝码至茎秆要折断还未折断时, 再加入沙子直至茎秆折断, 此时砝码、沙子及盘子的重量即为该节间的抗折力。弯曲力矩=节间基部至穗顶长度(cm)×该节间基部至穗顶鲜重(g), 倒伏指数=弯曲力矩/抗折力×100。

1.3.6 产量测定于成熟期每小区调查100穴, 计算有效穗数, 取5穴调查每穗粒数、结实率和测定千粒重及理论产量, 并实收核产。

1.4 数据处理

由表1可知, 产量在栽培措施间差异极显著, 在品种间以及品种与栽培措施的互作之间, 差异均不显著。2011年, 甬优11、甬优15和甬优17的试验小区因防治病虫草害的药剂喷施不当, 对小区植株生长影响较大, 其测得数据缺乏可靠性, 因此, 文章中2011年的试验品种为甬优12和甬优13。运用Microsoft Excel软件录入数据、计算, 用DPS软件作统计分析。

表1 产量在栽培措施和品种间的方差分析 Table 1 Analysis of variances of grain yield with different cultivation measures and cultivars

2 结果与分析

2.1 产量及其构成因素

两年超高产处理的平均产量比高产处理的平

均产量分别高12.34%和11.46%, 差异极显著。对于产量构成因素, 超高产群体的颖花量极显著高于高产群体, 如2011年超高产群体较高产群体高15.42%, 超高产群体的穗数和每穗粒数均高于高产群体, 差异极显著, 如2012年超高产群体的穗数和每穗粒数分别较高产群体高9.67%和3.40%。就结实率和千粒重而言, 超高产群体略低于高产群体, 但差异不显著(表2)。由于两年规律基本一致, 为了便于分析, 下文用更为完整的2012年的数据。

表2 超高产与高产群体的产量及其构成因素 Table 2 Yield and its components of the super-high yield and high yield populations

2.2 穗部性状

与高产群体比, 超高产的穗长、单穗重、每穗粒数均增加, 着粒密度略降低, 但差异不显著; 其一、二次枝粳数以及粒数显著或极显著提高, 且一次枝粳粒数占总粒数比值增加, 而二次与一次枝粳数比值、二次与一次枝粳粒数比值、二次枝粳粒数占总粒数比值均呈相反的趋势(表3)。

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	表3 超高产和高产群体的穗部性状Table. 3 Panicle characters of the super-high yield and high yield population

2.3 茎蘖动态

超高产群体利用旱育秧苗移栽后易活棵早发的优势, 在有效分蘖临界叶龄期之前, 茎蘖数增幅高于高产群体, 且能在有效分蘖临界叶龄期达到预期穗数。受到搁田时间差异等的影响, 在有效分蘖临界叶龄期到拔节期, 超高产群体的茎蘖数增长较为缓慢, 而高产群体则增长较迅速, 超高产和高产群体的茎蘖数均在拔节期达到最大, 且超高产群体的茎蘖数低于高产群体。自拔节期后, 两处理的茎蘖数均逐渐下降, 与对照相比, 超高产群体的茎蘖数下降平缓, 最终成穗率较高产群体高13.14% (图1)。

2.4 叶面积指数与光合势

对于叶面积指数, 在有效分蘖临界叶龄期超高产群体高于高产群体, 在拔节期, 高产群体高于超高产群体, 两群体均在抽穗期达到最大, 此后逐渐下降, 但与对照相比, 超高产群体的下降较平缓 (图2)。对于光合势(表4), 超高产群体在有效分蘖临界叶龄期到拔节期低于高产群体, 差异显著; 在拔节期到抽穗期比高产群体高3.18%, 差异极显著; 抽穗期到成熟期也高于高产群体, 差异极显著。

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	图1 超高产和高产群体各生育期的茎蘖动态CLPT: 有效分蘖临界叶龄期; J: 拔节期; B: 孕穗期; H: 抽穗期; M: 成熟期。Fig. 1 Dynamics of stems and tillers of the super-high yield and high yield populationsCLPT: critical leaf-age for productive tillering; J: jointing stage; B: booting stage; H: heading stage; M: maturity stage.

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	图2 超高产和高产群体的叶面积指数CLPT: 有效分蘖临界叶龄期; J: 拔节期; H: 抽穗期; W: 蜡熟期; M: 成熟期。Fig. 2 Leaf area index of the super-high yield and high yield populationsCLPT: critical leaf-age for productive tillering; J: jointing stage; H: heading stage; W: waxy stage; M: maturity stage.

表4 超高产和高产群体的光合势 Table 4 Photosynthetic potential of the super-high yield and high yield populations (m² d hm^-2)

2.5 抽穗期有效和高效叶面积指数

由表5可知, 与对照相比, 超高产群体的群体、有效、高效叶面积指数分别比高产群体高8.27%、12.90%和15.25%,差异极显著。且在抽穗期的有效、高效叶面积率也极显著高于高产群体。

表5 超高产和高产群体抽穗期叶面积指数 Table 5 Leaf area index (LAI) of the super-high yield and high yield populations at the heading stage

2.6 干物重积累量

由表6可知, 超高产群体除在拔节期外, 在有效分蘖临界叶龄期、抽穗期和成熟期的干物重均高于高产群体, 差异显著或极显著。在抽穗至成熟期, 超高产群体比高产群体高15.62%, 差异极显著。

表6 超高产和高产群体的干物重积累量 Table 6 Dry matter accumulation of the super high-yield and high yield populations (t hm^-2)

2.7 基部节间物理特性和抗倒性

与高产处理相比, 超高产处理基部第1、第2、第3节间的茎秆粗度和茎壁厚度增加, 差异极显著, 基部第2节间的茎秆粗度和茎壁厚度增加12.64%和11.43%。同时, 基部第1、第2、第3节间弯曲力矩、抗折力也增加, 差异显著或极显著, 而基部第1、第2、第3节间的倒伏指数降低(表7)。

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	表7 超高产和高产群体基部节间物理特性和抗倒性Table. 7 Physical and lodging characteristics of the basal internode of the super-high yield and high yield populations

3 讨论

3.1 甬优系列品种超高产的物质生产能力

作物产量是由物质生产总量和收获指数决定的, 就其关系人们进行了大量的研究^{[ 18, 19]}。较为一致的观点认为, 在收获指数达到较高水平的情况下, 依靠生物量的提高是实现水稻高产的主要途径。凌启鸿等^{[ 20]}认为, 产量与抽穗期干物质积累量呈抛物线关系, 与成熟期干物质积累量及抽穗至成熟期的干物质积累量呈线性正相关关系, 并指出高产水稻抽穗期的干物质积累量占成熟期总干物质量的60%左右, 抽穗至成熟期积累的干物质约占总干物质量的40%。本试验条件下, 超高产群体在拔节期的干物重略低于高产群体, 在抽穗期和成熟期的干物重均高于高产群体, 差异显著或极显著。对抽穗至成熟期的积累量而言, 超高产群体比高产群体高15.62%,且其干物重积累量占总干物重的39.91%, 抽穗期的干物重占总干物重的60.14%, 本试验结果支持了凌启鸿等的观点。

3.2 甬优系列品种超高产群体的库、源与抗倒伏性的协同特征

大幅度地扩大群体颖花量是实现超高产的前提, 颖花量是由穗数和每穗粒数共同构成, 扩大群体颖花量可通过增加穗数、每穗粒数或二者皆增加的途径来实现。人们也对这3种途径进行了大量的理论与实践探索。Sheehy等^{[ 21]}认为, 大幅度增加每穗粒数是实现颖花量增加和产量突破的关键。杨惠杰等^{[ 22]}认为超高产水稻的穗数和每穗粒数均需增加, 并且穗数对颖花量的贡献高于每穗粒数。梁尹明等^{[ 23]}结合甬优12的超高产攻关试验发现, 同2010年相比, 2011年甬优12的每穗粒数略微下降, 但穗数有较大增幅, 并且颖花量和产量也有较大提高。前人研究结果进一步说明扩大颖花量对于产量突破的重要意义, 但对穗数和每穗粒数对颖花量的贡献值存在一定的歧义。本试验条件下, 超高产群体的颖花量极显著高于高产群体, 穗数对颖花量的直接作用(直接通径系数为0.6834)高于每穗粒数(直接通径系数为0.4310), 因此在生产上应首先保证足够的有效穗数, 并在此基础上攻取大穗和结实率。一般情况下, 增加每穗粒数会使结实率有所降低^{[ 24]}, 而杨建昌等^{[ 25]}认为, 二者并非负相关, 可以同步提高。本试验条件下, 超高产群体的每穗粒数高于高产群体, 但结实率略低于高产群体, 可能是由于试验材料的差异的, 本试验超高产群体材料的每穗粒数大多在320粒左右, 对于籽粒充实的要求更高, 因此, 在灌浆充实阶段, 要更加重视光合生产力的提高以及源库物质间运输的流畅。

在扩库基础上, 还必须通过强源来实现库容有效充实。刘建丰等^{[ 26]}研究发现, 与高产群体相比, 超高产群体增加了剑叶长度同时减小了叶角, 并且冠层各部分的分布比较均匀。许德海等^{[ 27]}、马荣荣等^{[ 28]}研究发现, 与对照品种相比, 甬优6号的叶面积指数大、叶片功能期长、比叶重大、叶片光合速率高, 从而为超高产群体构建了强源的物质基础。本试验条件下, 超高产群体自抽穗期后的叶面积指数均高于高产群体, 同时抽穗期的有效、高效叶面积指数以及有效、高效叶面积率均极显著高于高产群体, 这种配置有利于提高光合效率, 为籽粒输送更多光合产物。

具有较强的抗倒性是实现超高产的基础, 基部节间长、节间粗度、茎壁厚度、节间干重、茎秆干重等均与抗倒性关系密切^{[ 29, 30, 31, 32, 33]}, 一般认为, 抗倒性与茎秆粗度、茎壁厚度、茎秆干重以及节间干重等呈正相关, 与基部节间长、株高呈负相关。本试验条件下, 超高产群体的平均株高高于高产群体(资料未列出), 但基部第1、第2、第3节间的茎秆粗度、茎壁厚度也增大, 从而降低了基部第1、第2、第3节间的倒伏指数。

4 结论

与对照(高产群体)相比, 超高产群体的颖花量极显著提高, 而结实率和千粒重略降低; 在有效分蘖临界叶龄期至拔节期生长平稳, 无效分蘖少, 高峰苗低, 叶面积指数较小, 拔节期以后, 茎蘖数下降平缓, 成穗率、叶面积指数、光合势、干物质积累量等较高。甬优系列品种的超高产特征为, 依靠单位面积穗数和每穗粒数协同增加实现颖花量的提高, 依靠前、中、后期的协调生长提高群体的光合物质生产能力并增强群体的安全抗倒能力。

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

作者已声明无竞争性利益关系。The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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2010

0.0

1.4522

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2010, 43(13):2645 - 2660

The SOI Model of Quantitative Cultivation of Super-High Yielding Rice

水稻“精苗稳前、控蘖优中、大穗强后”超高产定量化栽培模式

ZHANG Hong-cheng,WU Gui-cheng, WU Wen-ge, DAI Qi-gen, HUO Zhong-yang, XU Ke, GAO Hui, WEI Hai-yan, HUANG Xing-fu, GONG Jin-long

张洪程,吴桂成,吴文革,戴其根,霍中洋,许轲,高辉,魏海燕,黄幸福,龚金龙

（扬州大学/农业部长江流域稻作技术创新中心/江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室）

【Objective】 A model of cultivation for stable yield of super-high-yielding rice was studied. 【Method】 Taking the early-maturing late-japonica varieties, Wujing 15 and Changyou 1, as materials, through the nitrogen fertilizer regimes under other cultivating conditions all being the optimal,three strategic management models of cultivation were examined, i.e. SOI (stabilizing, optimizing, intensifying during the early ,middle, late phase correspondingly to adopt the ratio of basal-tillering and panicle initiating fertilizer of 50:50 and nitrogen applying leaf age of remaining leaf primordium number of 4,3), BP (balance promoting during all phase to adopt the ratio of basal-tillering and panicle initiating fertilizer of 40:60 and nitrogen applying leaf age of remaining leaf primordium number of 5, 4, 3) and PC (promoting, controlling during the early, middle phase correspondingly to adopt the ratio of basal-tillering and panicle initiating fertilizer of 75:25 and nitrogen applying leaf age of remaining leaf primordium number of 5), in contrast to the CK (A model of conventional cultivation management) in field production of one-seasoned rice in the region of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Their results were systematically compared in various aspects, such as yielding and its components, dynamics of population stems and tillers, leaf area index, photosynthetic potential, grain-leaf ratio, production of dry matter, root activity after heading, etc. In addition, confirmatory tests on the practicability of the super high yield cultivation of the SOI model on 6.7 hectares of contiguous fields, as well as comprehensive experiments in the scale of 1-3.3 hectares, were performed using other varieties, Xudao 3, Changyou 1, Lingxiangyou 18 and Wujing 15, in the areas of Donghai, Xinghua, Gaoyou and Changshu of Jiangsu. 【Result】 The yields of SOI and BP were ranking up to the level of super-high-yield（≥750 kg/667m2）in two varieties. Compared with CK, more spikelets per panicle and population spikelets were observed in the models of SOI and BP, with roughly the same level of panicles per unit area, filled-grain percentage, and 1000-grain-weight. In the models of SOI and BP in comparison with CK, the population of stems and tillers achieved the expected number punctually at the critical leaf-age for productive tillers, and reached the peak with an appropriate value (1.3-1.4 folds of expected panicle number), then decreased gently, ultimately arrived at a significantly higher rate of productive tillers to total tillers than CK. Plants in SOI and BP models developed approximately the same population LAI dynamics and dynamics of stems and tillers, their maximal LAI appeared at the booting stage (8.0-8.5) and remained a level of 3.5-4.0 at the maturity stage. As for the population photosynthesis potential and the dry matter accumulation, the models of SOI and BP showed lower values than CK during the early stages (from transplantation to jointing stage), during the middle stages (from jointing to heading) both two models were roughly the same with CK, showing no statistical significance, and for the later stages in growth and development (from heading to maturity), two models were at remarkably higher levels in these two parameters. The two models developed a nearly dry weight of roots as compared to CK at the stage of jointing, but they developed remarkably higher than CK at heading and maturity. A pattern of evidently higher values than CK in both SOI and BP was found in such parameters as the root-shoot ratio at the stages of jointing, heading and maturity, the average root exudates after heading (from heading to waxy stage), and the ratio of spikelets to root exudates. Besides, an average yield per 667m2 was achieved, both in the comprehensive super-high-yield cultivation experiment of SOI in more than 2 consecutive years, and in the confirmatory tests for practicality in the contiguous fields of 6.7 hectares. 【Conclusion】 The results revealed that the pivotal principle for super-high-yield cultivation of rice lies in ‘strengthening the supporting system, enlarging the sink capacity, and guaranteeing the grain-filling’, and the super-high-yield cultivation mode was proposed, i.e. appropriate number of population stems and tillers with strong seedlings at early stage, high photosynthetic efficiency population structure with controlling ineffective tillers at middle stage, and enriched dry matter production with large panicles, strong stems, high efficiency leaves in proper population configuration at later stage.

【目的】寻求水稻稳定超高产的栽培模式。【方法】以早熟晚粳品种武粳15、常优1号为供试材料,其它栽培措施统一在最佳技术指标前提下,就氮肥运筹与穗肥施用叶龄期,设置了稳前优中强后、平衡促进和促前控中3种栽培模式,并以长江中下游地区单季稻大面积生产上的常规栽培模式为CK,对产量及其结构、群体生长发育动态以及根系活力等方面进行系统比较。同时,在江苏东海、兴化、高邮、常熟等地,以徐稻3号、常优1号、陵香优18、武粳15等品种为材料,进行（15—50）×667m2连片的稳前优中强后超高产栽培综合试验与扩大到100×667m2连片试验田上的生产性验证试验。【结果】2品种稳前优中强后、平衡促进2模式的实产均达到了超高产水平（≥750 kg/667m2）。与CK相比,稳前优中强后、平衡促进2模式每穗粒数多、群体颖花量大,单位面积穗数、结实率和千粒重则与之相当;2模式的群体于有效分蘖临界叶龄期准时够苗,高峰苗出现在拔节期,且数量适中（适宜穗数的1.3—1.4倍）,此后群体平缓消减,至抽穗期基本稳定,最终成穗率显著高于CK;其群体LAI动态与茎蘖动态趋势基本一致,最大LAI均出现在孕穗期,为8.0—8.5,成熟期仍保持3.5—4.0;群体光合势与干物质积累,2模式在生育前期（移栽—拔节期）较CK低,中期（拔节—抽穗期）与CK相当,后期（抽穗—成熟期）显著高于CK;2模式在拔节期的根系干重与CK相当,抽穗期和成熟期则显著高于CK,而这3个时期的根冠比均显著高于CK,其抽穗后（抽穗—腊熟期）的根系平均伤流量与颖花根流量均显著高于CK。同时,连续2年多地的稳前优中强后超高产综合栽培试验以及后3年扩大到100×667m2连片试验田上的生产性验证试验,实产均达800 kg/667m2左右。【结论】揭示了水稻超高产栽培的根本在于“强支撑、扩库容、促充实”;提出了水稻精苗稳前、控蘖优中、大穗强后的超高产定量化栽培模式。

... 水稻超高产研究一直是农业领域的热点, 人们从超高产栽培技术、超级稻品种、产量构成、源库特征、干物质生产等方面进行了较多研究^{[1,2,3,4,5,6]} ...

2010

0.0

2012

0.0

1.7156

2010

0.0

1.8267

Acta Agron Sin. 2010, 36(11):1921 - 1930 DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2010.01921

Characteristics of Dry Matter Production and Accumulation and Super-High Yield ofJaponica Super Rice in South China

南方粳型超级稻物质生产积累及超高产特征的研究

WU Gui-Cheng^1,2,ZHANG Hong-Cheng^1,2,*,DAI Qi-Gen^1,2,HUO Zhong-Yang^1,2,XU Ke^1,2,GAO Hui^1,2,WEI Hai-Yan^1,2,SHA An-Qin¹,XU Zong-Jin¹,QIAN Zong-Hua¹,SUN Ju-Ying¹

吴桂成^1,2,张洪程^1,2,*,戴其根^1,2,霍中洋^1,2,许轲^1,2,高辉^1,2,魏海燕^1,2,沙安勤¹,徐宗进¹,钱宗华¹,孙菊英¹

1 Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation Technology in Yangtze Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou 225009, China; 2 Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China

The relationship between dry matter production and yield, dynamics of dry matter accumulation and output and translocation in middle and last stages of three types of populations (High Yield: 8.25–9.75 t ha^-1; Higher Yield: 9.75-11.25 t ha^-1; Super High Yield:＞11.25 t ha^-1) in fourjaponica super rice (Wujing 15, Huaidao 9, Xudao 3 and Changyou 1) were analyzed. The results showed that yield was significantly positively correlated with weight of dry matter at maturity and the dry matter accumulation from heading to maturity, there were parabolic relationships between yield and weight of dry matter at heading in high yield, higher yield and super-high yield populations. Weight of dry matter from jointing to heading was significantly positively correlated with yield from high yield population to higher yield population and from higher yield population to super-high yield population. Super-high yield population had more biomass at maturity than higher yield and high yield populations, and the harvest index was not significantly higher than that of higher yield population, but was significantly higher than that of high yield population. Weight of dry matter, LAI in heading, rate of leaf area of productive tillers, rate of leaf area from flag leaf to 3rd leaf, spikelets of population and spikelets per square centimeter leaf area in middle stage (from jointing to heading) were significantly higher than these of higher yield and high yield populations. Leaf area decreasing per day of super-high yield population from heading to maturity was significantly less than that of higher yield and high yield populations. Leaf area duration, crop growth rate, net assimilation rate, biomass and grain-leaf ratio (filled grains per square centimeter leaf area, grain weight per square centimeter leaf area) from heading to maturity were significantly higher than these of higher yield and high yield populations. Output and translocation of dry matter in super-high yield population from heading to milky stages were significantly higher than these of higher yield and high yield populations, while these from heading to maturity were significantly lower than these of higher yield and high yield populations. Weight per stem and sheath and total filling in maturity of super-high yield population were significantly higher than these of higher yield and high yield populations.

以超级粳稻品种武粳15、淮稻9号、徐稻3号和常优1号为材料，对高产(8.25~9.75 t hm^-2)、更高产(9.75~11.25 t hm^-2)和超高产(＞11.25 t hm^-2) 3个产量等级群体的物质生产与产量的关系、干物质积累、输出与转运等方面进行了系统的比较研究。结果表明，4个超级稻品种成熟期、抽穗至成熟期的干物质重与产量呈极显著正相关，抽穗期干物质重均与产量呈抛物线关系，拔节至抽穗期的干物质重与产量呈极显著正相关(高产—更高产、更高产—超高产以及将3个产量等级综合起来)；从高产到更高产再到超高产，4个超级稻品种的生物学产量不断提高(差异显著)，而超高产群体的经济系数则与更高产水平相当(0.5000以上)，显著高于高产水平；较之更高产、高产群体，超高产群体在生育中期(拔节至抽穗期)干物质积累量大，抽穗期叶面积指数高、株型挺拔、群体质量优[有效叶面积率、高效叶面积率、总颖花量与颖花/叶(cm²)、基部节间粗、单茎茎鞘重均高]，在生育后期(抽穗至成熟期)，光合能力强(叶面积衰减率小，光合势、群体生长率、净同化率高)、干物质积累量高(占生物学产量的40.0%以上)、茎鞘物质的输出与转运协调[实粒/叶(cm²)、粒重(mg)/叶(cm²)均高]。

2010

0.0

1.8267

Acta Agron Sin. 2010, 36(9):1547 - 1558 DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2010.01547

Population Characteristics and Formation Mechanism for Super-High- Yielding HybridJaponica Rice (13.5 t hm^-2)

杂交粳稻13.5thm^-2超高产群体动态特征及形成机制的探讨

ZHANG Hong-Cheng¹,WU Gui-Cheng¹,LI De-Jian²,XIAO Yue-Cheng⁴,GONG Jin-Long¹,LI Jie¹,DAI Qi-Gen¹,HUO Zhong-Yang¹,XU Ke¹,GAO Hui¹,WEI Hai-Yan¹,SHA An-Qin³,ZHOU You-Yan³,WANG Bao-Jin⁴,WU Ai-Guo⁴

张洪程¹,吴桂成¹,李德剑²,肖跃成⁴,龚金龙¹,李杰¹,戴其根¹,霍中洋¹,许轲¹,高辉¹,魏海燕¹,沙安勤³,周有炎³,王宝金⁴,吴爱国⁴

1Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation technology in Yangtze Valley,Ministry of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic and Physiology of Jiangsu Province,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009, China;2 Rice Research Institute of xianghua, Fengyuan,Xinghua 22570,China;3Bureau of Agriculture of Xing hua County, Xinghua 225700,China;4 Bureau of Agriculture of Jiangyan County,Jiangyan 225500,China

Population characteristics of super-high-yielding hybridjaponica rice (13.5 t ha^-1) were studied and its formation mechanism was explored using Yongyou 8 as material in Xinghua and Jiangyan. Results showed that population of 13.5 t ha^-1 had more spikelets per panicle and total spikelets than population of 12.0 t ha^-1. There was no significant difference in panicles, filled-grain percentage and 1000-grain weight between populations of 13.5 t ha^-1 and 12.0 t ha^-1. Population of 13.5 t ha^-1 exhibited fewer tillers at the early growth stage and achieved excepted number of stems and tillers at critical leaf-age for productive tillers, whose max number of stems and tillers was at jointing stage and was about 1.3 times of excepted number. Then, the number of population stems and tillers began todecrease stably, which achieved expected number again. At last, ratio of productive tillers to total tillers of 13.5 t ha^-1population was more than 75%, which was higher than that of population of 12.0 t ha^-1.The leaf area index of 13.5 t ha^-1 population was lower than that of 12.0 t ha^-1 population at the early growth stage, and the max leaf area index was about 8.5 at booting, which decreased stably and was above 4.0 at maturity. The photosynthetic potential of population with 13.5 t ha^-1 was small at early stage and larger at middle and late stages, as compared with population with 12.0 t ha^-1. The total photosynthetic potential was above 6.75×10⁶ m² d ha^-1, of which most than 45.0% was from heading to maturity. The dry matter accumulation was smaller compared with population with 12.0 t ha^-1before jointing, and the weight of it was above 60 kg ha^-1 at heading, which was significantly higher than that of population with 12.0 t ha^-1. The total weight of dry matter was above 23.25 t ha^-1, of which above 9.75 t ha^-1 was accumulated from heading to maturity. Formation mechanism of super-high yielding population (13.5 t ha^-1) was that: population quality was enhanced at critical leaf-age for productive tillers through cultivating strong seedlings, germinating low positiontillers and achieved expected number of stems and tillers in time, which formed the biological foundation for high quality population at middle stage; in order to form high photosynthetic efficiency of population structure with strong lodging-resistance and large population spikeletes at heading, suitable number of strong stems and large panicles was cultivated through establishing suitable dynamic and size of population; in order to enlarge sink-filling and keep strength of stems and sheaths, dry matter accumulation was enriched after heading through photosynthetic system smooth and steady fade away.

选用杂交粳稻甬优8号，以国家粮食丰产工程兴化、姜堰实施基地1.0 hm²连片与6.67 hm²连片超高产攻关方为依托，研究了13.5 t hm^-2超高产群体特征，并探讨了群体形成机制。结果表明，较之12.0 t hm^-2左右群体，13.5 t hm^-2群体的穗型大，群体颖花量多(60 000×10⁴ hm^-2以上)，有效穗数、结实率和千粒重与之相当；群体茎蘖于生育前期稳步增长，至有效分蘖临界叶龄期达适宜穗数，高峰苗出现在拔节期，数量少，为预期穗数的1.3倍左右，此后群体平缓下降，至抽穗期达适宜穗数，成穗率高(＞75%)；群体叶面积指数前期增长相对较缓慢，最大值出现在孕穗期，为8.5左右，此后下降缓慢，成熟期仍保持在4.0以上；群体光合势生育前期较小，中、后期较大，总光合势为6.75×10⁶ m² d hm^-2以上，抽穗至成熟期的光合势占总光合势的45.0%以上；群体拔节前干物质积累速度相对较缓、积累量略低，拔节后积累速度较快，至抽穗期群体生物量为13.5 t hm^-2以上，抽穗后积累量亦高，一般为9.75 t hm^-2以上, 总干物重高23.25 t hm^-2以上。13.5 t hm^-2超高产群体形成机制为，依靠精苗，发大蘖，及时够苗，提高够苗期群体质量(有效分蘖临界叶龄期)，为中期高质量群体结构的培育奠定生物学基础；依靠合理的群体动态及其规模，培育适宜数量的壮秆大穗，于抽穗期形成具有强抗倒力和巨量安全库容的高光效群体；依靠平稳消退的光合系统，提高抽穗后群体光合物质生产力，增大群体库容的总充实量，并维持较大的茎鞘强度，增强群体的安全抗倒力。

2009

0.0

1.4083

Chin J Rice Sci. 2009, 23(2):179 - 179～185

Growth Characteristics of Two SuperHighYielding japonica Hybrid Rice Combinations

两个杂交粳稻组合超高产生长特性的研究

LI Jie¹, ZHANG Hongcheng^1,2,*, QIAN Yinfei¹, GUO Zhenhua¹, CHEN Ye¹ , DAI Qigen^1,2 , HUO Zhongyang^1,2 , XU Ke^1,2, LI Dejian³, HUA Zhengxiong³, SHA Anqin³, ZHOU Youyan³, LIU Guolin³

李杰¹, 张洪程^1,2,* ,钱银飞¹,郭振华¹, 陈烨¹ ,戴其根^1,2,霍中洋^1,2,许轲^1,2,李德剑³,华正雄³,沙安勤³,周有炎^3,刘国林3

¹ Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;² Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation Technology in the Yangtze Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou 225009, China;³ Bureau of Agriculture of Xinghua County of Jiangsu Province, Xinghua 225700, China; *Corresponding author, E-mail: hczhang@yzu.edu.cn

Growth and dry matter production characteristics, yield formation and yield components of rice under superhighyielding (＞12.0 t /hm2) cultivation were analyzed using two japonica hybrid rice combinations (Lingxiangyou 18 and Changyou 1) in paddy field. The results showed that the number of panicles, the number of grains per panicle, the number of secondary branches per panicle and the number of spikelets on secondary branches under superhighyielding cultivation(SHYC) were significantly higher than those under traditional high yielding (10.5 t/hm2 to 11.0 t/hm2) cultivation(CK). The seedsetting rate and 1000grain weight under SHYC were a little higher than those under CK, but without significant difference. Before the critical leafage for productive tillering, rice under SHYC grew faster and at the critical leafage for productive tillering the number of stems and tillers was up to the expected value, and leaf area index, photosynthetic potential, dry matter accumulation and crop growth rate were larger than those under CK. From the critical leafage for productive tillering to elongation, rice under SHYC had a steady growth with less ineffective tillers and lower peak number of seedlings, and its leaf area index, photosynthetic potential, dry matter accumulation and population growth rate were lower than those under CK. After elongation, with a steady decline in growth and a high productive tiller rate, rice under SHYC had higher leaf area index, photosynthetic potential, dry matter accumulation and population growth rate than under CK. Superhighyielding rice had an obvious growth superiority. Especially after heading, leaf area index, photosynthetic potential, dry matter accumulation and population growth rate were significantly higher under SHYC than under CK.

: 将两个杂交粳稻组合（陵香优18和常优1号）于大田条件下种植，对超高产（产量＞12.0 t/hm2）田块的水稻物质生产和产量形成生长特性进行了分析。结果表明，与高产栽培（CK， 10.5～11.0 t/hm2）水稻相比，超高产栽培水稻穗数、每穗粒数显著高于CK，结实率和千粒重略高于CK，但差异不显著；超高产栽培水稻二次枝梗数、二次枝梗总粒数显著高于CK；有效分蘖临界叶龄期之前，超高产栽培条件下水稻生长比CK快，在有效分蘖临界叶龄期茎蘖数达到预期的穗数，叶面积指数、光合势、干物质积累和群体生长率较CK大；有效分蘖临界叶龄期至拔节期，超高产栽培条件下水稻生长平稳，无效分蘖发生少，高峰苗低，叶面积指数、光合势、干物质积累和群体生长率较CK小；拔节以后，超高产栽培条件下水稻茎蘖数下降平缓，成穗率高，叶面积指数、光合势、干物质积累和群体生长率较CK高，尤其是抽穗以后，超高产栽培条件下水稻具有明显的生长优势，叶面积指数、光合势、干物质积累和群体生长率均极显著高于CK。

2012

0.0

Chin Sci Bull. , :

... 利用籼稻和粳稻杂交产生的杂种F₁代在产量性状等方面所具有的强大的杂种优势早就被人们所熟知^[7], 有的育种家提出了籼粳架桥^[8]以及应用广亲和基因与光敏核不育基因实现亚种间杂种优势直接利用的战略思想^[9], 也有的从源库特性等^[10,11]方面分析了籼粳亚种间杂交稻的杂种优势, 但同时籼粳杂交F₁代也存在生育期超长以及结实率偏低等问题^[12], 一定程度上限制了在生产上的推广应用 ...

1991

0.0

1.4083

1996

0.0

0.4895

2006

0.0

1.4083

Chin J Rice Sci. 2006, 20(3):301 - 305

Source-Sink Characteristics of Intersubspecific F₁ in Rice

水稻亚种间杂种一代的源库特性

LI Ji-hang , XIANG Xun-chao , HE Li-bin , LI Ping

李季航1，2;向珣朝1，2，3;何立斌1，2;李平1，2，*

Three indica restorer lines Mianhui 725, Shuhui 527, Shuhui 881 and an American rice variety Lemont and a javanica rice Xiangdali were crossed with a Japanese japonica rice Kitaake, and five intersubspecific hybrids derived from the parents with different genetic background were made. The net photosynthetic rate (Pn) in leaves of the five combinations were significantly higher than that of their parents or one of them under high photo flux density; the performance of the combinations was better than their corresponding parents on the apparent quantum yield, carboxylation efficiency and CO₂ compensation point. Photosynthetic ability of the five F₁ performed differently with their genetic differences and the typical intersubspecific hybrids Mianhui 725/Kitaake, Shuhui 527/Kitaake were better than the others on the aspect. The five F₁ exhibited different heterosis on agronomic traits and Shuhui 881/Kitaake showed the largest sink size, followed by Mianhui 725/Kitaake, Shuhui 527/Kitaake, Lemont/Kitaake and Xiangdali/Kitaake in order.The potential yield of indica/japonica hybrids was consistent with the performance of Pn in leaves. But the superiority of indica /japonica on sink size had not turned into the superiority of yield because of poor grain filling. So the coordination of their genomes and appropriate genetic distance should be paid attention to for achieving super high yield.

用具有不同遗传背景的5个母本(3个籼型恢复系绵恢725、蜀恢527和蜀恢881，1个美国粳稻 Lemont 及1个爪哇稻香大粒)，与1个日本特早熟粳稻Kitaake杂交，得到不同类型的 F1。 5个 F1 及其亲本的光合特性和农艺性状的分析结果表明，在高光通量密度条件下，5个 F1 的叶片净光合速率明显高于双亲或其中之一；在表观量子效率、羧化效率、CO2 补偿点3个叶片光合指标上，杂种的表现也优于亲本；5个 F1 因亲本之间具有不同的遗传背景而表现出不同的叶片光合能力，典型籼粳亚种间杂交组合蜀恢527／Kitaake、绵恢725／Kitaake要优于其他组合；5个 F1 在农艺性状上也表现出不同程度的杂种优势，库容表现为蜀恢881/Kitaake＞绵恢725/Kitaake＞蜀恢527/Kitaake ＞Lemont/Kitaake＝香大粒/Kitaake，表明籼粳亚种间杂种的增产潜力也优于另外两个杂种，这与杂种在净光合速率方面的表现一致。但籼粳交的不正常结实阻碍了库容优势的正常发挥，所以要实现水稻超高产必须注意基因组间的协调性，即遗传距离适度。

2000

0.0

1.4083

Chin J Rice Sci. 2000, 14(2):122 - 124

Changes of Root Exudate of Indica Japonica Hybrid Rice and Its Relation to Leaf Physiological Traits

籼粳亚种间杂交稻根系伤流强度的变化规律及其与叶片生理状况的相互关系

SHEN Bo; WANG Xi

沈波;王熹

(China National Rice Research Institute; Hangzhou 310006; China)

Using indica japonica hybrid rices of Ⅱyou2070, Ⅱyou419 and their restorer lines 2070, Zhong419 as materials, the changes of root exudate after initial heading stage were studied. The results show that root activity of indica japonica hybrid rices were higher than their restorer lines, especially from initial heading stage to milk ripening stage, however, the amount of root exudate rapidly decreased after milk ripening stage. This dynamic change was consistent with the photosynthesis rate and chlorophyll content of leaf at different levels and green leaf areas above the ground.

对籼粳亚种间杂交稻Ⅱ优2070、Ⅱ优419及其恢复系2070、中419始穗后伤流液的变化进行了分析，结果表明亚种间杂交稻具有较高的根系活力，突出表现在始穗期至乳熟期，其后伤流液量明显下降且幅度较大，这种变化趋势与地上部不同叶位叶片光合速率、叶绿素含量和绿叶面积的变化相一致。

2012

0.0

1.4083

Chin J Rice Sci. 2012, 26(6):656 - 662 DOI:10.3969/j.issn.10017216.2012.06.004

Biological Characteristics and Heterosis Utilization of Four indicajaponica Intermediate Type Restorer Lines with Wide Compatibility

4份籼粳中间型广亲和恢复系的生物学特性及其杂种优势利用

LIN Jianrong, SONG Xinwei, WU Mingguo^*

林建荣,宋昕蔚,吴明国^*

China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China；

Four indicajaponica intermediate type restorer lines CH58, CH59, C18 and C84 were bred by indicajaponica crossing, identification of wide compatibility and restoring ability. The investigation of biological characteristics showed that the Cheng’s indexes of CH58, CH59, C18 and C84 were 11, 13, 13 and 15, with the former three belonging to indicalinous and the last one to japonicalinous. Identification of wide compatibility and restoring ability indicated that the four restorer lines had a good wide compatibility, and they can restore the fertility of japonica CMS lines (Dian type, BT type and DA type) and indica CMS lines (WA type and YS type). The investigation of flowering characteristics indicated that the flowering peak of the four indicajaponica intermediate type restorer lines were much earlier than the japonica CMS line Chunjiang 16A. The midparent heterosis and competitive heterosis of yield per plant, grain number per panicle, secondary branch rachis number per panicle, plant height, primary branch rachis number per panicle and flag leaf width were obvious in japonicaindica hybrid rice. Japonicaindica hybrid rice Chunyou 58, Chunyou 658, Chunyou 59 and Chunyou 618, developed from japonica CMS lines and the indicajaponica intermediate type restorer lines were registered and released by National Crop Variety Appraisal Committee or Zhejiang Provincial Crop Variety Appraisal Committee. The four indicajaponica intermediate type restorer lines with wide compatibility and broad restoring spectrum have a good prospect in the subspecies heterosis utilization.

通过籼粳杂交、广亲和特性鉴定以及育性恢复能力测定等手段，选育出CH58、CH59、C18和C84四个籼粳中间型广亲和恢复系。生物学特性研究结果表明，CH58、CH59、C18和C84的程氏指数分别为11、13、13和15，其中CH58、CH59和C18的籼粳属性为偏籼，C84为偏粳。广亲和特性鉴定和育性恢复能力测定结果表明，四个恢复系具有良好的广亲和性，且都能恢复滇型、BT型、矮败型等粳稻不育系以及野败型、印水型等籼稻不育系的育性，恢复谱广。花时特性研究表明，籼粳中间型广亲和恢复系的开花高峰要明显早于粳稻不育系春江16A。粳不籼恢亚种间杂交稻在单株产量、每穗粒数、二次枝梗数、株高、一次枝梗数和剑叶宽等性状上表现出明显的中亲优势和竞争优势。利用CH58等四个籼粳中间型广亲和恢复系与粳稻不育系配组，已选育出春优58、春优658、春优59、春优618等粳不籼恢亚种间杂交稻，已通过国家、浙江省等品种审定。CH58等四个籼粳中间型广亲和恢复系广亲和性好，恢复谱广，在三系法籼粳亚种间杂种优势利用中具有良好的应用前景。

2012

0.0

... 近年来, 宁波市农业科学院和宁波市种子公司开展了粳不/籼恢三系法杂种优势利用研究, 选育出的籼粳亚种间杂交稻甬优系列品种在较好地解决上述问题的同时, 在江苏^[13]、浙江^[14,15]、江西^[16]等稻作区实现产量突破, 表现出很好的发展势头 ...

2012

0.0

0.4895

2012

0.0

0.9745

China Rice. 2012, 18(6):32 - 34 DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2012.06.008

Possibility，Approach and Techniques for Reaching Yield of 1000 kg/667 m² in Yongyou 12 Based on 900 kg/667 m²

甬优12每667m²产量在900 kg基础上实现1 000 kg的可能性及途径与技术初探

2011年甬优12单产在浙江新昌首次突破900 kg/667 m²大关。本文对新昌气候光温资源进行分析，认为与常年相比较，2011年最多只能算是正常年份，甬优12出现超高产主要是品种加栽培技术改进之结果。进而从日照时数、成穗率及900 kg/667 m²群体长势长相等方面对甬优12单产突破1 000 kg/667 m²的可能性进行论证，认为完全存在；并指出，在足穗基础上大幅度提高成穗率，是实现突破的最根本途径。

2012

0.0

0.9745

China Rice. 2012, 18(1):25 - 28 DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2012.01.005

Advantage and Key Techniques of Changing Cultivation Pattern from indica to japonica in Southern China

南方双季晚稻籼改粳优势及技术关键

根据我国“十二五”方针政策，对南方稻区双季晚稻“籼改粳”进行了历史回顾，并综述分析了“籼改粳”在温光资源的利用、稻米品质、经济效益以及保障粮食安全方面的优势，同时提出了“籼改粳”在品种选择、栽培技术、肥水管理以及病虫害防治方面的技术措施，为南方双季晚稻“籼改粳”提供一些依据。

2008

0.0

0.4

North Rice. 2008, (2):22 - 27

Initial Research on Lodging Resistance in Super High-Yielding Japonica Rice Cultivars

超高产粳稻品种抗倒伏性的初步研究

LIHong-jiao;ZHANGXi-juan;LIWei-juan;XUZheng-jin

李红娇;张喜娟;李伟娟;徐正进

以沈阳农业大学水稻研究所培育的超高产粳稻品种为材料,研究了超高产粳稻品种的抗倒伏能力及与倒伏密切相关的各性状指标.结果表明:齐穗后30 d左右是水稻最容易发生倒伏的时期,株高与水稻倒伏指数呈极显著正相关,茎秆基部伸长节间性状与倒伏关系密切,茎秆维管束数目、厚壁细胞层数、淀粉和可溶性糖含量均对倒伏有一定影响.超高产粳稻品种沈农265和沈农9741与常规粳稻品种辽粳294和辽粳371相比,表现出较好的抗倒性能.

... 植株倒伏性状主要指茎秆物理力学指标, 参照李红娇等^[17]的方法 ...

2007

0.0

1.8267

Acta Agron Sin. 2007, 33(7):1079 - 1085

Comparisons of Plant Type, Grain Yield, and Quality of Different Japonica Rice Cultivars in Huanghe-Huaihe River Area

黄淮地区不同粳稻品种株型、产量与品质的比较分析

DU Yong¹²,WANG Yan²,WANG Xue-Hong²,SUN Lai-Li²,YANG Jian-Chang^1*

杜永^1,2;王艳²;王学红²;孙乃立²;杨建昌^1,*

1 Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu; 2 Lianyungang Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Lianyungang 222001, Jiangsu, China

Huanghe-Huai River area is an important rice-growing area in China and most rice cultivars used there are mid-season japonica ones. Today, little is known what traits should be for a cultivar with super-high-yielding and good quality in this district. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the characteristics of plant type, grain yield and quality of rice cultivars grown in Huanghe-Huaihe River area. One hundred and twenty-nine mid-seasonjaponicarice cultivars and lines, used in the production, were field-grown and their morphological traits, grain yield and quality were investigated. The results showed that, by cluster analysis based on grain yield, 129 tested cultivars could be classified into five groups: super-high-yielding (13.57 t ha^-1), high-yielding (11.52 t ha^-1), mid-yielding (10.26 t ha^-1), mid-low-yielding (9.04 t ha^-1)，and low-yielding (7.57 t ha^-1). In the total tested cultivars, super-high-yielding cultivars were 3.1%, low-yielding cultivars were 14.7%, and other cultivars were 82.2%. Most of high- and super-high-yielding cultivars had half-erect and large panicles and erect leaves, produced more biomass, and had greater seed-setting rate, grain weight and harvest index. The cultivars with good grain quality were mainly in the high-yielding and mid-high-yielding groups, and very few in the super-high-yielding and low-yielding groups. The higher percentage of chalky grains was a major problem for the super-high-yielding cultivars. The traits or indexes for a super-high-yielding mid-season japonica rice cultivars were suggested, i.e., plant height 100–108 cm, whole growth period 150–155 d, half-erect panicles, panicle length 0.17–0.18 m, panicles 320–340 m^-2, primary branches 12–15, secondary branches 30–38, spikelets per panicle 160–180, seed-setting rate>85%, 1 000-grain weight 26–27 g, the length of the flag leaf, and the 2nd and 3rd leaves from the top were 0.26–0.28, 0.35–0.40, and 0.32–0.38 m, respectively, the angle of the flag leaf<20º, and harvest index>0.5.

对黄淮稻区的129个粳稻品种(品系)进行了株型、产量和品质的观察测定。通过产量聚类分析，将供试品种分成超高产、高产、中产、中低产及低产5种类型。超高产类型品种占3.1%，低产类型品种占14.7%，其他3类品种占82.2%。超高产水稻品种多为半直立大穗型、叶片挺立，具有较高的干物质生产能力、较高的粒重、结实率和经济系数。优质米品种在高产和中高产类型中较多，在超高产和低产类型中很少。垩白米率高是超高产品种米质的主要问题。提出了黄淮地区超高产(>12 t hm^-2)中粳水稻品种的株型和产量构成指标，即株高1.00~1.08 m，全生育期150~155 d，穗型半直立，有效穗320~340个 m^-2，穗长0.17~0.18 m，一次枝梗12~15个，二次枝梗30~38个；每穗160~180粒，结实率>85%，千粒重26~27 g；倒1、2、3叶叶长分别为0.26~0.28、0.35~0.40和0.32~0.38 m，剑叶角度<20º，收获指数>0.50。

... 1 甬优系列品种超高产的物质生产能力作物产量是由物质生产总量和收获指数决定的, 就其关系人们进行了大量的研究^[18,19] ...

2011

0.0

1.8267

Acta Agron Sin. 2011, 37(7):1235 - 1248 DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2011.01235

Characteristics of Photosynthesis and Matter Production of Rice with Different Planting Methods under High-Yielding Cultivation Condition

不同种植方式水稻高产栽培条件下的光合物质生产特征研究

LI Jie,ZHANG Hong-Cheng^*,CHANG Yong,GONG Jin-Long,GUO Zhen-Hua,DAI Qi-Gen,HUO Zhong-Yang,XU Ke,WEI Hai-Yan,GAO Hui

李杰,张洪程^*,常勇,龚金龙,郭振华,戴其根,霍中洋,许轲,魏海燕,高辉

Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation Technology in Yangtze Rive Valley, Ministry of Agriculture / Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China

To explore the characteristics of dry matter production and photosynthesis of rice under different planting methods in the rice-wheat cropping system in the lower Yangtze River, with early-maturing latejaponica rice, late–maturing mediumjaponica rice and medium-maturing mediumjaponica rice (includingjaponica conventional rice andjaponica hybrid rice) as materials, we compared the dry matter accumulation, distribution, translocation and leaf area, photosynthetic potential (PP), crop growth rate(CGR) and net assimilation rate (NAR) of rice by using precisionartificial transplanting with middle and strong seedlings grown in dry nursery (ATR), mechanical transplanting with small seedlings (MTR) and direct seeding (DSR). Results showed that: (1) Rice yield by using different planting methods was significantly positively correlated with totaldry matter accumulation at maturity, dry matter accumulationfrom headingto maturity, and dry matter accumulation from jointing to heading under the premise of ensuring the dry matter accumulation appropriate at heading, but not with dry matter accumulation from sowing to jointing and the harvest index. (2) For dry matter weight of population, there was no significant difference among the three planting methods before jointing, after jointing ATR was the highest, followed by MTR, DSR was the lowest, and the difference was increasing with the growing process. However, the dry matter weight per stem of ATR was the highest, while that of DSR was the lowest in the whole growth period. (3) For dry matter accumulation at different stages, there was no significant difference among the three planting methods from sowing to jointing, but ATR was significantly higher than MTR, MTR was significantly higher than DSR at the stages from jointingto headingand from heading tomaturity. The ratio to total dry matter weight increased in turn for ATR, MTR, DSR from sowing to jointing, there was no many difference among them from jointing to heading, and reduced in turn for them from heading to maturity. (4) For dry matter distribution, the dry matter weight ratio of panicle and stem to total plant at maturity reduced in turn for ATR, MTR, DSR, and that of leaf and sheath increased in turn for them. However,the ratio ofleaf at booting, heading and waxy ripe stages reduced in turn for them. (5) For dry matter export and transformation, the export rate and transformation rate of leaf and stem reduced in turn for ATR, MTR, DSR, and the matter was transportedback in stem after waxy stage, the amount of matter transportedback for ATR was most, while that for DSR was least. The export rate in sheath was no many difference in generally, but the transformation rate for ATR and MTR was lower than that for DSR. (6) For photosynthetic production, before jointing, the leaf area index was generally no many difference for three planting methods, the PPreduced in turn for ATR, MTR, DSR, and the CGR and NAR increased in turn. From jointing to heading, the PP also reduced in turn for ATR, MTR, DSR, but there was no significant difference for CGR and NAR. The leaf area rate of productive tillers at heading had no significant difference among different planting methods, but the leaf area rate from flag leaf to 3rd leaf of ATR was significantly higher than that of MTR, and MTR was significantly higher than that of DSR. After heading, the leaf area index, PP, CGR and NAR of ATR were the highest, while those of DSR were the lowest. The results suggested that dry matter and photosyntheticproduction of rice with different planting methods have their own characteristics. Compared to MTR and DSR, ATR has the advantages that the dry matter accumulation is appropriate in the early stage and significantly higher in the middle and late stage, so the total dry matter accumulation is significantly higher and its distribution is reasonable, the export and transformation rate is high, and the photosynthetic production capacity is great after heading.

为探明不同种植方式水稻在长江下游稻-麦两熟制条件下的干物质及光合生产特征，以早熟晚粳、迟熟中粳和中熟中粳3种类型水稻品种(含常规粳稻和杂交粳稻两种)为材料，对旱育中苗壮秧精量手栽、小苗机插、直播3种种植方式水稻的干物质积累、分配、运转及叶面积、光合势、群体生长率、净同化率等方面进行了系统的比较研究。结果表明，(1)不同种植方式水稻产量与总干物质积累量和抽穗至成熟期干物质积累量呈极显著正相关，与拔节至抽穗期的干物质积累量(在确保抽穗期干物质积累量适宜的前提下)也呈极显著正相关，与播种至拔节期干物质积累量和收获指数相关不显著；(2)群体干物重拔节前无明显差异，拔节后均是手栽稻最高，机插稻次之，直播稻最小，并随生育进程差异越来越大，而单茎干物重整个生育期都是手栽稻最大，直播稻最小；(3)阶段干物质积累上，播种至拔节期差异较小，拔节至抽穗期和抽穗至成熟期都是手栽稻极显著高于机插稻，机插稻极显著高于直播稻，占总干物重的比例播种至拔节期手栽、机插、直播依次增大，拔节至抽穗期大体相当，抽穗至成熟期依次降低；(4)干物质分配上，成熟期穗和茎干物重占总干物重的比例手栽、机插、直播依次降低，而叶和鞘的比例依次增大，但叶的比例在孕穗、抽穗、蜡熟3个时期手栽、机插、直播依次降低；(5)物质输出和转化上，叶、茎物质输出率和转化率手栽、机插、直播依次降低，且蜡熟期后茎都有物质回运现象，手栽回运的最多，直播最少；鞘物质输出率相当，转化率手栽和机插低于直播；(6)光合生产上，拔节前不同种植方式水稻叶面积指数相当，光合势手栽、机插、直播依次降低，群体生长率和净同化率依次增大；拔节至抽穗期，光合势也是依次降低，群体生长率和净同化率差异较小；抽穗期有效叶面积率不同种植方式水稻间没有明显差异，而高效叶面积率手栽极显著高于机插，机插又极显著高于直播；抽穗以后，叶面积指数、光合势、群体生长率和净同化率均是手栽最大，直播最小。说明不同种植方式水稻干物质和光合生产有各自特征，与机插稻和直播稻相比，手栽稻前期物质积累量适宜，中后期物质积累量显著高，干物质总量大而且分配合理，运输转化效率高，抽穗后光合生产能力强。

... 1 甬优系列品种超高产的物质生产能力作物产量是由物质生产总量和收获指数决定的, 就其关系人们进行了大量的研究^[18,19] ...

2000

0.0

... 凌启鸿等^[20]认为, 产量与抽穗期干物质积累量呈抛物线关系, 与成熟期干物质积累量及抽穗至成熟期的干物质积累量呈线性正相关关系, 并指出高产水稻抽穗期的干物质积累量占成熟期总干物质量的60%左右, 抽穗至成熟期积累的干物质约占总干物质量的40% ...

2001

2.474

0.0

. 2001, 71(2):77â85-null

... Sheehy等^[21]认为, 大幅度增加每穗粒数是实现颖花量增加和产量突破的关键 ...

2001

0.0

1.4083

Chin J Rice Sci. 2001, 15(4):265 - 270

Dry Matter Production Characteristics of Super High Yielding Rice

超高产水稻的干物质生产特性研究

YANG Hui-jie^{1; 2}; LI Yi-zhen²; YANG Ren-cui¹; JIANG Zhao-wei²; ZHENG Jing-sheng²

杨惠杰 1,2; 李义珍2; 杨仁崔 1,*; 姜照伟2; 郑景生2

(¹Institute of Genetics & Crop Breeding; Fujian Agricultural University; Fuzhou 350002; China;²Institute of Rice and Wheat; Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350019, China)

Physiological characteristics of super high yielding rice cultivars, which were bred recently, were studied in Longhai, Fujian and Taoyuan, Yunnan. The results showed that super high yielding rice cultivars accumulated high biomass production. The grain yield were raised with the increase of total dry matter accumulation. The grain yield resulted primarily from biomass production and harvest index contributed little to the grain yield. The production superiority of super high yielding rice was exhibited during the middle and late growth stages and the yield was increased with the increase of net dry matter accumulation during the two stages. The crop growth rate(CGR) of the cultivar during the middle and late growth stages had high positive correlation with the yield. However there was no close correlation between the CGR and the yield during the early stage. The average exportation amount of stem and leaf dry matter contributed 24%(Fujian) or 33%(Yunnan) to grain production. Both stem and leaf dry matter exportation amount and dry matter accumulation after heading had a very significant positive correlation with the grain yield. The contribution of CGR to dry matter accumulation was significantly larger than that of growth duration.

以我国近年育成的超高产水稻品种为材料, 在福建龙海和云南涛源研究分析了超高产水稻品种的高产生理特性。结果表明超高产水稻品种积累了高额的生物量。稻谷产量随干物质积累总量的增加而提高，产量主要取决于生物产量的高低，而收获指数对稻谷产量的贡献较小。超高产水稻干物质生产优势在中期和后期，产量随中期和后期干物质净积累量的增加而提高。中期和后期的群体生长率(CGR)与产量呈高度正相关，而前期CGR与产量的关系不密切。茎叶干物质输出量构成籽粒产量平均为24％（福建龙海）和33％（云南涛源），茎叶干物质输出量和抽穗后干物质积累量均与稻谷产量呈极显著正相关。在同一地点，对干物质积累的作用，CGR显著大于生长日数。

... 杨惠杰等^[22]认为超高产水稻的穗数和每穗粒数均需增加, 并且穗数对颖花量的贡献高于每穗粒数 ...

2012

0.0

0.9745

China Rice. 2012, 18(5):39 - 41 DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2012.05.011

Performance of Yongyou 12 with Yield 900 kg/667 m2 in Xinchang , Zhejiang

甬优12单产超900 kg/667 m2的性状表现

历经4年超高产攻关，2011年甬优12在浙江省新昌县种植终于有二块田单产突破900 kg/667 m2，创当地水稻单产历史纪录。本文总结了甬优12单产超900 kg/667 m2时的性状表现。

... 梁尹明等^[23]结合甬优12的超高产攻关试验发现, 同2010年相比, 2011年甬优12的每穗粒数略微下降, 但穗数有较大增幅, 并且颖花量和产量也有较大提高 ...

1991

5.364

0.0

... 一般情况下, 增加每穗粒数会使结实率有所降低^[24], 而杨建昌等^[25]认为, 二者并非负相关, 可以同步提高 ...

2006

0.0

... 一般情况下, 增加每穗粒数会使结实率有所降低^[24], 而杨建昌等^[25]认为, 二者并非负相关, 可以同步提高 ...

2005

0.0

1.4522

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2005, 38(2):258 - 264

A Study on Characteristics of Photosynthesis in Super High-yielding Hybrid Rice

超高产杂交稻的光合特性研究

,,,

刘建丰,袁隆平,邓启云,陈立云

国家杂交水稻工程技术研究中心

The morphological features and photosynthetic characteristics of 7 hybrid rice combinations with different canopy structure and super high-yielding potential were studied in comparison with Shanyou 63.The results showed that 4 combinations having significant increase in grain weight per plant compared with Shanyou 63 have advantages including (1) a smaller light extinction coefficient resulted from the more erect leaf blades and longer flag leaves enhanced the capacity of source supply on the basis of significant increase of sink demand (i.e. spikelets per panicle), (2) a higher rate of canopy photosynthesis during grain filling and higher rates of flag leaf photosynthesis at saturating light intensity during different stages (i.e. booting stage,10 days after heading, 30days after heading), (3) More dry matter accumulated in stems and sheaths before heading and translated to grains after flowering efficiently.

对7个冠层形态性状具有一定差异但又具有较高产量水平的杂交稻组合与对照组合汕优63的光合形态生理特性进行了比较研究。结果表明，比对照显著增产的4个组合具有以下光合作用优势：在每穗粒数增加、库容扩大的基础上，剑叶长度增加、叶角较小，冠层各部光的分布比较均匀（消光系数小）; 在孕穗末期、抽穗后10 d和抽穗后30 d的光饱和光合速率及抽穗后10 d的群体光合速率比对照都有不同程度增加；抽穗前茎鞘中能积累较多的光合产物并能有效运转至籽粒。

... 刘建丰等^[26]研究发现, 与高产群体相比, 超高产群体增加了剑叶长度同时减小了叶角, 并且冠层各部分的分布比较均匀 ...

2010

0.0

... 许德海等^[27]、马荣荣等^[28]研究发现, 与对照品种相比, 甬优6号的叶面积指数大、叶片功能期长、比叶重大、叶片光合速率高, 从而为超高产群体构建了强源的物质基础 ...

2007

0.0

1.4083

Chin J Rice Sci. 2007, 21(3):281 - 286

Heterosis on Plant Morphology of Yongyou 6,an indica-japonica Inter-subspecific Super High-Yielding Hybrid Rice

籼粳亚种间杂交稻甬优6号超高产株形特征与竞争优势分析

MA Rong-rong , XU De-hai , WANG Xiao-yan , YU Sheng-miao ,JIN Qian-yu , OUYANG You-nan , ZHU Lian-feng

马荣荣1;许德海2,*;王晓燕3; 禹盛苗2,*;金千瑜2;欧阳由男2;朱练峰2

According to the results of the experiments conducted in 2003-2005,Yongyou 6,a late season inter-subspecific hybrid rice combination derived from a japonica cytoplasmic male sterile line Yongjing 2A and an indica restorer line K264806,performed high yielding potential,which was closely related to its outstanding heterosis in plant morphology over the japonica inbred rice Xiushui 63 and indica hybrid rice Shanyou 63.At the early growth stage,the tiller number of Yongyou 6 was between that of Shanyou 63 and that of Xiushui 63,and it showed a moderate tillering ability and less non-effective tillers.At the middle growth stage,the culms,sheaths and leaves of Yongyou 6 grew faster with higher biomass.The population of Yongyou 6 had better light distribution in its canopy because of its three top upright,longer and cured leaves.At the late growth stage,although Yongyou 6 was of high plant,but it perfected very strong tolerance to lodging due to its long and closed sheathes and short and thick basal internodes.At the maturity stage,Yongyou 6 showed arc-shaped panicles with more primary and secondary branches.The grain density of panicle was moderate with more oblate grains.The root-shoot ratio of Yongyou 6 was very higher at the whole growth stage.Moreover,the ideo-plant morphology of indica-japonica inter-subspecific super high-yielding hybrid was also discussed.

2003-2005年的试验结果表明，与常规晚粳稻秀水63和籼型杂交晚稻汕优63相比，三系籼粳亚种间杂交晚粳稻甬优6号的超高产与其生育期间株形特征及竞争优势密切相关。生育前期，甬优6号的分蘖数介于籼、粳稻之间，消长平稳，分蘖力中等，无效分蘖少；生育中期，植株的茎、鞘、叶生长快，生物量大，上3叶长而内卷挺立，群体上下受光态势好；生育后期，植株高大，茎秆粗壮，鞘叶长而抱秆紧密，茎基部节间短而厚重；成熟期，穗呈弧形，一、二次枝梗数特别多，粒多穗重，着粒密度适中，粒形偏团；各生育阶段的根冠比高。另外，对籼粳亚种间超级杂交稻的理想株形进行了讨论。

2011

0.0

1.4522

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2011, 44(11):2234 - 2243 DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2011.11.004

Effects of Different Planting Methods on the Culm Lodging Resistance of Super Rice

不同种植方式对超级稻植株抗倒伏能力的影响

LI Jie, ZHANG Hong-cheng, GONG Jin-long, CHANG Yong, DAI Qi-gen, HUO Zhong-yang, XU Ke, WEI Hai-yan

李杰,张洪程,龚金龙,常勇,戴其根,霍中洋,许轲,魏海燕

扬州大学农学院/农业部长江流域稻作技术创新中心/江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室

【Objective】Lodging is one of the constraints to the integrated production target of high yield, good quality, high efficiency, ecology and security for rice. This study investigated the lodging resistance of super rice under different planting methods. It could provide a theoretical basis for rational use of planting methods and realization of “ten word” integrated target.【Method】By using two super rice cultivars Huaidao 9 and Ⅲyou 98 as materials and setting three planting methods of precision artificial transplanting with dry nursery middle and strong seedling (ATR), mechanical transplanting with small seedling (MTR) and direct seeding (DSR) in the rice-wheat cropping system in the lower Yangtze River, with lodging index as an indicator to measure culm lodging resistance, in the twenty-fifth days after full heading, the lodging resistance of the first basal internode (N1), second basal internode (N2), third basal internode (N3), fourth basal internode (N4) and main physical characteristics were studied. Furthermore, the correlation analysis between the lodging index, breaking resistance and main culm physical characteristics were studied.【Result】The culm lodging resistance of rice planted with different planting methods was significantly different. The lodging index of ATR was the lowest and culm lodging resistance was the best, while DSR was the highest and culm lodging resistance was the worst. The main reason for difference in the lodging index among different planting methods was the size of the breaking resistance. The breaking resistance of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th internode and plant height, gravity center height, culm diameter, culm wall thickness, dry weight of culm, dry weight of leaf sheath, dry weight of unit internode, length and fresh weight from basal internode to top, bending moment had
significant or very significant positive correlation, while with the ratio of gravity center height to plant height and internodes length showed a significant or very significant negative correlation. Compared to MTR and DSR, the main reasons for the breaking resistance increased and lodging index reduced of basal internodes of ATR were: The increase of the plant height was due to the increased internodes numbers, the increased length of panicle and 1st and 2nd top internode. However, the length of the 2-3 internodes in the basal stem which was apt to lodge was shorter than that of MTR and DSR. The culm diameter and wall thickness of every basal internodes were obviously increased, and dry weight of culm and sheath were larger, and the dry weight of unit internode was significantly increased, so the stem plumpness status of ATR was better. 【Conclusion】The optimal combination of some main culm physical characteristics of rice was different under different planting methods. The direct reasons for breaking resistance increased and lodging index reduced of ATR were short and thick basal internodes, large wall thickness and good culm plumpness status.

【目的】倒伏是水稻“高产、优质、高效、生态、安全”综合生产目标的限制因素之一。本研究旨在探讨不同种植方式超级稻的抗倒伏能力，为合理选用种植方式，实现“十字”综合目标提供理论依据。【方法】长江下游稻-麦两熟制条件下，以超级稻品种淮稻9号和Ⅲ优98为材料，设置旱育中苗壮秧精量手栽、小苗机插、直播3种种植方式，以倒伏指数作为衡量植株抗倒伏能力的指标，在齐穗后25 d，研究不同种植方式水稻基部第1节间（N1）、第2节间（N2）、第3节间（N3）、第4节间（N4）抗倒伏能力和主要物理性状的差异，并对倒伏指数、抗折力与茎秆主要物理性状进行相关分析。【结果】不同种植方式水稻抗倒伏能力差异极显著，手栽稻倒伏指数最小，抗倒伏能力最强，直播稻倒伏指数最大，抗倒伏能力最差，机插稻居于二者之间。抗折力的大小是不同种植方式水稻倒伏指数差异的主要原因，N1、N2、N3、N4节间的抗折力与株高、重心高度、茎秆粗度、茎壁厚度、茎秆干重、叶鞘干重、单位节间干重、节间基部至穗顶的长度和鲜重及弯曲力矩呈显著或极显著正相关，与相对重心高度和节间长度呈显著或极显著负相关。与机插稻和直播稻相比，手栽稻基部节间抗折力大、倒伏指数小的主要原因是:（1）株高的增加是节间数增多、穗长及穗下2个节间变长所致，而茎秆基部易于发生倒伏的2—3个节间长度反而比机插稻和直播稻短；（2）基部各节间粗度和茎壁厚度均有明显增加，且茎、鞘干重大，单位节间干重极显著增加，茎秆的充实度好。【结论】不同种植方式水稻茎秆主要物理性状优化组合不同，基部节间短而粗，茎壁厚度大，茎秆充实程度好，是手栽稻抗折力大、倒伏指数小、抗倒伏能力强的直接原因。

... 具有较强的抗倒性是实现超高产的基础, 基部节间长、节间粗度、茎壁厚度、节间干重、茎秆干重等均与抗倒性关系密切^{[29,30,31,32,33]}, 一般认为, 抗倒性与茎秆粗度、茎壁厚度、茎秆干重以及节间干重等呈正相关, 与基部节间长、株高呈负相关 ...

1987

0.0

2012

0.0

1.3821

Chin J Eco-Agric. 2012, 20(7):909 - 913

Relationship of characteristics of culm construction to lodging resistance and yield of Fujian-bred super-rice cultivars

福建超级稻品种茎秆结构特征及其与抗倒性和产量的关系

杨惠杰, 房贤涛, 何花榕, 谢祖钦

Lodging is common issue in rice production that influences not only rice yield but quality as well. In recent years, contradictions in high yields and lodging resistance have increased with increasing plant height and rice panicle weight, which has in turn greatly impacted rice production. Experiments were therefore conducted to study the relationships of characteristics of culm construction to lodging resistance and yield components of Fujian-bred super-rice cultivars. The study was necessary to lay the basis for breeding lodging-resistant varieties and high-yield cultivation in Fujian Province. The experiment consisted of 4 super-rice cultivars ("Ⅱ youming 86", "Ⅱ youhang 1", "Teyouhang 1" and "Ⅱ youhang 2") confirmed by China's Ministry of Agriculture and the "Shanyou 63" cultivar as the control. In the field experiment, conventional methods were used and 20 representative stem per cultivar selected at maturity stage. Length, diameter, wall thicknesses of different internodes and yield were measured, and breaking-resistant strength, bending moment and loading index calculated in the experiment. The results showed that most internodes of super-rice cultivars were longer than CK. However, the first internodes (from the top) of "Ⅱ youming 86" was significant shorter than CK. Also most of the internode diameters of super-rice cultivars were little different from CK. Most of the internode wall thickness of super-rice cultivars were also smaller than CK, except for the first internodes (from the top) of "Ⅱ youming 86" which were significant greater than CK. Lodging indexes of super-rice cultivar internodes were greater than CK, with most being significantly difference. However, all lodging indexes for cultivars were below 200, indicating strong resistance to lodging. Breaking-resistance strengths of three elongation internodes near stem base were significantly correlated with internode wall thickness. Lodging index of each internode was significantly or highly significantly negatively correlated with corresponding internode wall thickness. However, lodging index was not significantly correlated with plant height, internode length and diameter. This suggested that lodging resistance of the tested cultivars largely depended on internode wall thickness. As panicle length was significantly positively correlated with internode wall thickness, increasing base elongation internode wall thickness was beneficial to longer panicle breeds. To strengthen lodging resistance capacity, it was necessary to search for non-dwarf lodging-resistance traits, especially thick wall culm, during super-rice breeding.

为探讨超级稻品种的茎秆结构特征及其与抗倒伏性和产量因子的关系, 以期为选育抗倒伏的水稻品种及高产栽培提供参考依据, 选用福建省育成的经农业部认定的4个超级稻品种("Ⅱ优明86"、"Ⅱ优航1号"、"特优航1号"和"Ⅱ优航2号")及对照品种"汕优63"为材料, 按常规方法进行田间试验, 在成熟期每品种各选取有代表性的20个茎蘖, 测定基部伸长节间的抗折力、各节间至穗顶的长度及鲜重、节间长度、粗度和秆壁厚度, 并进行室内考种。结果表明, 除"Ⅱ优明86"的倒1节间极显著短于对照外, 超级稻品种各节间多数不同程度比对照长; 各节间粗度多数与对照差异不明显; 在节间壁厚方面, 除"Ⅱ优明86"倒1节间极显著厚于对照外, 其他多数低于对照; 超级稻品种各节间的倒伏指数均大于对照, 且多数达极显著水平, 但倒伏指数均小于200, 表明均具有较强的抗倒能力; 茎秆基部3个伸长节间的抗折力与相应节间壁厚呈极显著正相关, 各节间的倒伏指数与相应节间壁厚呈显著或极显著负相关, 而与株高、节间长、节间粗度关系不显著, 显示供试品种的抗倒伏性能主要取决于节间秆壁的厚度; 穗长与节间壁厚呈显著正相关, 增加基部伸长节间壁厚有利于孕育大穗。在超级稻品种培育过程中, 可寻找植株矮化以外的抗倒因素, 培育茎秆壁厚实的品种, 以增强品种的抗倒伏能力。

2009

0.0

1.4522

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2009, 42(7):2305 - 2313

The Lodging Resistance of Erect Panicle Japonica Rice in Northern China

北方直立穗型粳稻抗倒性的研究

ZHANG Xi-juan, LI Hong-jiao, LI Wei-juan, XU Zheng-jin, CHEN Wen-fu, ZHANG Wen-zhong, WANG Jia-yu

张喜娟,李红娇,李伟娟,徐正进,陈温福,张文忠,王嘉宇

（沈阳农业大学农业部作物生理生态遗传育种重点开放实验室/辽宁省北方粳稻育种重点开放实验室）

【Objective】 In rice breeding, improvement of lodging resistance has been a main aspect for high-yield and excellent-qualities. This study investigated the lodging resistance of erect panicle Japonica rice in northern China. It would be beneficial to improve ment of lodging resistance of Northern japonica rice and realization of high-yield and excellent-quality in rice. 【Method】 Thirty days after heading, the lodging resistance of every elongating internodes of erect panicle type rice (EPT) and curved panicle type rice (CPT) were studied by using 12 japonica rice cultivars as materials and T-test as statistical analysis method. Furthermore, to demonstrate the reason why erect panicle type japonica rice has better lodging resistance than curved panicle type japonica rice, the correlations between the breaking resistance of the culm and its characteristics of physics and mechanics were studied. 【Result】 The results revealed that there was no significant difference in bending moment of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th internodes between erect panicle type rice and curved panicle type rice (CPT). But EPT had greater breaking resistance of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd internode than CPT. So that the lodging index of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd internodes of EPT was lower than that of CPT. The correlations between the breaking resistance of culm and its morphological traits, anatomical features, chemical components were further studied. There were many reasons for the breaking resistance of 1st, 2nd and 3rd internodes of EPT increased. Firstly, EPT had thicker culm wall and larger culm wall area than EPT. Secondly, the mumber of vascular bundles, the area of vascular bundles, the area of phloem and the area of xylem of EPT were lager than those of CPT. Thirdly, EPT had higher cellulose content in comparison with CPT. 【Conclusion】 In selection of lodging resistant cultivars, one should consider those characterized with thicker culm wall , larger culm wall area, better vascular bundle characters with high cellulose content in their stems. In northern of China, breeding erect-panicle cultivars would be an effective way to improve lodging resistance of japonica rice

【目的】培育抗倒能力强的水稻品种是实现水稻高产优质所面对的重要课题。本研究旨在探讨北方直立穗型粳稻抗倒性，为提高北方粳稻抗倒性，实现水稻高产优质提供一定的理论依据。【方法】以12个不同穗颈弯曲度的北方粳稻品种为试材，于齐穗后30 d，研究了直立穗型与弯曲穗型粳稻地上部分各节间抗倒伏能力的差异，并通过对茎秆抗折力与茎秆形态性状、茎秆解剖结构和茎秆化学成分进行相关分析，研究了直立穗型粳稻抗倒的茎秆形态特点与生理基础。【结果】直立穗型粳稻穗下第1节间（N1）、第2节间（N2）、第3节间（N3）和第4节间（N4）的弯曲力矩与弯曲穗型品种差异不显著，但N1、N2、N3的抗折力却显著提高，从而使N1、N2、N3的倒伏指数显著或极显著低于弯曲穗型粳稻，说明中上部节间抗倒能力明显增强。进一步分析直立穗型与弯曲穗型粳稻茎秆解剖结构、化学成分以及它们与茎秆抗折力的相关性后发现，直立穗型粳稻N1、N2、N3抗折力强的主要原因是：（1）茎壁厚度和茎壁面积增大，节间抗折的物理性状明显提高;（2）大小维管束数目多，大小维管束、韧皮部、木质部面积增大，节间内部组织的结构明显改善;（3）纤维素含量高，支持细胞壁结构的物质含量多。【结论】茎壁厚度、茎壁面积、维管束性状及纤维素含量可以作为选育抗倒伏品种的主要参考指标。就北方粳稻而言，培育直立穗型品种，更容易获得抗倒性强的品种。

2000

0.0

1.8267

Acta Agron Sin. 2000, 26(6):713 - 718

Comparison of Some Plant Type Components in Super High-yielding Hybrids of Inte r-subspecies Rice

水稻亚种间超高产杂交组合若干株型因子的比较

CHENG Shi-Hua;ZHAI Hu-Qu

程式华;翟虎渠

Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095

Four hybrid rice combinations, i.e. 65396 (Peiai64S/E32), 65002 (Peiai64S/ 9311), Xieyou9308 (Xieqingzao A/9308) and Shanyou63 (CK) were studied　for thei r some plant type components. 65396 and 65002 were super high-yielding hybrids of inter-subspecies rice newly developed using two-line method, an

测定了两系法亚种间超高产杂交组合“65396” （培矮64S/E32）和“65002”（培矮 64S/9311），三系法亚种间超高产杂交组合“协优9308”和对照组合“汕优63”的若干株型因子，并进行了组合间的比较。结果表明， “65396”和“协优9308”上部三叶的叶面积明显增大，叶角趋小，叶片更为挺直。 “协优9308”还表现出后