耐低钾和钾高效型甘薯品种(系)的筛选及评价指标

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唐忠厚, 张允刚, 魏猛, 陈晓光, 史新敏, 张爱君, 李洪民, 丁艳锋. 耐低钾和钾高效型甘薯品种(系)的筛选及评价指标. 作物学报, 34(3): 542-549
TANG Zhong-Hou, ZHANG Yun-Gang, WEI Meng, CHEN Xiao-Guang, SHI Xin-Min, ZHANG Ai-Jun, LI Hong-Min, DING Yan-Feng. Screening and Evaluation Indicators for Low Potassium-Tolerant and Potassium Efficient Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatasL.) Varieties (Lines) . 作物学报, 34(3): 542-549 复制到剪切板

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作物学报编辑部

耐低钾和钾高效型甘薯品种(系)的筛选及评价指标

唐忠厚^1,^2,^*, 张允刚¹, 魏猛¹, 陈晓光¹, 史新敏¹, 张爱君¹, 李洪民¹, 丁艳锋²

¹中国农业科学院甘薯研究所 / 江苏徐州甘薯研究中心 / 农业部甘薯生物学与遗传育种重点实验室, 江苏徐州 221121

²南京农业大学农学院, 江苏南京 210095

^* 通讯作者(Corresponding author): 唐忠厚, E-mail:zhonghoutang@sina.com, Tel: 0516-82028152

收稿日期:2013-12-14

基金:本研究由江苏省科技支撑计划项目(SBE2012336), 国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)项目(2012AA101204)和国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-11-B-13)资助。;

摘要

甘薯植株生长和块根形成与钾营养吸收利用密切相关。本研究以31份不同类型优质甘薯品种(系)为材料, 利用长期肥料定位试验田2个钾肥水平处理(氮磷处理与氮磷钾处理), 探讨耐低钾与钾高效型甘薯材料的筛选及评价指标。`结果表明, 该试验条件下, 不同甘薯品种(系)块根产量差异达显著水平(P<0.05); 供试材料的钾敏感指数变幅在0.40~0.98之间, 差异达显著水平(P<0.05), 经聚类分析, 可分为低敏感型、适度敏感型、敏感型和高度敏感型; 品种(系)两处理下钾累计量与钾浓度差异均达显著或极显著水平; 氮磷钾处理下, 块根钾利用效率与整株钾利用效率变幅分别为58.92~384.9 g g^-1和42.03~165.52 g g^-1, 品种(系)差异均达显著水平(P<0.05); 相关性分析显示, 不同甘薯材料间整株总钾累积量、钾浓度、产量性状指标、钾利用效率与钾敏感性间均有一定相关性。长期肥料定位试验田可用于不同钾营养效率甘薯品种(系)的筛选, 块根钾利用效率与钾敏感性可作为筛选耐低钾与钾高效利用型甘薯材料的2个主要指标。

关键词: 甘薯品种(系); 耐低钾; 钾高效; 筛选

Screening and Evaluation Indicators for Low Potassium-Tolerant and Potassium Efficient Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatasL.) Varieties (Lines)

TANG Zhong-Hou^1,^2,^*, ZHANG Yun-Gang¹, WEI Meng¹, CHEN Xiao-Guang¹, SHI Xin-Min¹, ZHANG Ai-Jun¹, LI Hong-Min¹, DING Yan-Feng²

¹Sweetpotato Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Xuzhou Sweetpotato Research Center, Jiangsu / Key Laboratory of Sweetpotato Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Xuzhou 221121, China

²College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China

Fund:

Abstract

Potassium (K) uptake and utilization are closely related to plant growth and storage root formation of sweetpotato. In this paper, 31 good quality sweetpotato varieties (lines), NP plot (treatment of nitrogen and phosphorus) and NPK plot (treatment of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) were used to screen low K-tolerant and K efficient sweetpotato varieties (lines) in a long-term fertilization plots. The results showed that there was a significant difference (P<0.05) among storage root yield of sweetpotato varieties (lines). The variation of K sensitivity index (relative root weight, RRW) was from 0.40 to 0.98, with a significant difference (P<0.05). Varieties (lines) were divided into four types (low sensitive, moderately sensitive, sensitive and highly sensitive) by cluster analysis. There were significant differences of total K accumulation amount (TKAA) and K concentration under two treatments of varieties (lines). Under NPK treatment, K utilization efficiencies (KUE) of root and whole plant were from 58.92 to 384.9 g g^-1 and from 42.03 to 165.52 g g^-1 with significant difference between these materials (P<0.05), respectively. Correlation analysis showed that there were some correlations of TKAA, K concentration, root yield, KUE, and RRW among varieties (lines). It is a feasible method for screening different fertilization efficiency sweetpotato varieties (lines) through long-term fertilization experiment. KUE and RRW as two major indicators can be used for screening low potassium (K)-tolerant and K efficient sweetpotato materials.

Keyword: Sweetpotato varieties (lines); Low potassium-tolerant; Potassium efficient; Screening

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我国土壤钾素供应能力不足, 呈由北向南降低趋势, 钾素亏缺渐成近乎全国性的严重问题^{[ 1]}。钾作为“品质元素”, 影响作物产量与品质; 研究表明, 不同植物种、甚至同一作物的不同品种对土壤中钾营养利用能力差异极显著^{[ 2]}, 因此, 充分利用作物自身对钾素吸收利用的遗传差异, 培育耐低钾和高效利用品种(系)材料^{[ 3]}, 或利用转基因与分子克隆等现代生物手段, 提高钾素吸收与利用效率^{[ 4]}, 是缓解我国钾素资源缺乏、提高作物产量与品质的重要途径。

钾营养吸收利用效率与耐低钾能力是作物肥料利用的重要特性, 国内外学者在水稻^{[ 2, 5]}、小麦^{[ 6, 7]}、棉花^{[ 8, 9]}、大麦^{[ 10, 11]}等作物上作了许多研究。甘薯[ Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.]是重要的地下块根类作物, 2010年我国甘薯种植面积约460万公顷, 为我国重要的粮食、饲料和工业加工原料^{[ 12]}。与一般作物比, 甘薯较耐贫瘠, 但对种植在土壤养分不均地区或广大贫瘠山区的甘薯品种的肥料利用能力, 人们寄予更高期待; 作为典型喜钾作物, 钾对甘薯块根产量与品质至关重要^{[ 13, 14, 15, 16]}; 20世纪50年代, Scott^{[ 17]}就指出甘薯不同部位不同生长期钾素吸收利用存在差异; 近年, 随着人们更多关注生态环境与生产成本, 对甘薯品质与用途有了更高要求, 同时针对土壤中钾营养越来越匮乏现状, 就如何提高甘薯钾素吸收与利用效率、减少钾营养不足等对甘薯品质与产量的不利影响渐成为研究热点, 陆国权等^{[ 18]}和Melvin等^{[ 19]}分别在相同钾水平与不同钾水平下, 研究不同甘薯品种对钾利用效率的差异以及对产量的影响, 均认为不同品种(系)的钾效率比、钾利用效率、各器官的钾浓度和钾积累量存在很大差异。宁运旺等^{[ 16]}认为, 施钾水平对甘薯钾效率有一定影响, 且将钾累积能力作为判断甘薯钾高效标准。王汝娟等^{[ 20]}大田试验表明, 施用腐植酸能显著提高钾肥料的钾素吸收利用率和农学利用率。在水稻^{[ 2]}、棉花^{[ 8]}等作物上, 钾素利用效率的高低是衡量耐低钾性状的主要指标。本试验利用长期定位试验田设2个钾肥水平(氮磷肥处理和氮磷钾肥处理), 探讨耐低钾与钾高效利用型甘薯材料的筛选及评价指标, 并初步分析筛选结果, 以期为甘薯钾利用效率研究及耐低钾与钾高效利用型甘薯品种选育等提供理论依据。

1 材料与方法

1.1 土壤状况与供试材料

2011—2012年试验在1980年秋播开始设置的长期肥料定位试验田(34º27' N, 117º29' E)中进行, 土壤为黄潮土, 质地沙壤, 2010年土壤主要养分含量, 施钾(氮磷钾肥, NPK)处理为速效钾105.1 mg kg^-1, 有机质10.89 g kg^-1, 全氮1.12 g kg^-1, 全磷0.89 g kg^-1, 速效磷15.0 mg kg^-1; 不施钾(氮磷肥, NP)处理为速效钾46.1 mg kg^-1, 有机质11.38 g kg^-1, 全氮1.1 g kg^-1, 全磷0.74 g kg^-1, 速效磷15.5 mg kg^-1。

选用我国当前主栽品种或优质资源材料中31份不同遗传背景、不同生物学性状与不同肉色甘薯作参试材料(表1)。

1.2 试验设计与方法

施钾处理(NPK), 为施氮、磷、钾肥; 不施钾处理(NP), 只施氮、磷肥, 不施钾肥; 每处理4次重复。氮肥(N)为尿素, 施(N) 150 kg hm^-2, 磷肥(P)为过磷酸钙, 施(P₂O₅) 75 kg hm^-2, 钾肥(K)为硫酸钾, 施(K₂O) 112.5 kg hm^-2, 均一次施入; 小麦-甘薯轮作, 平茬收割, 人工翻地(20 cm深), 小区面积33.3 m², 每小区6行, 垄宽85 cm, 高25 cm; 5月中旬扦插, 苗长25~30 cm, 每小区155株, 9月下旬收获; 田间管理同一般甘薯高产栽培。

收获时, 每个品种取3株, 分地上部(按叶、柄与藤分开)和地下薯块两部分称重; 准确称取各样品100 g, 105℃杀青, 70℃恒温烘24 h, 计算干物质率; 干样粉碎, 过60目, 密封保存备用。称取各部干样1 g, 280℃下98%浓H₂SO₄-H₂O₂消解, 采用火焰光度计测定钾。

1.3 筛选指标

不施钾处理与施钾处理的块根产量(storage root weight, RW)和整株产量(whole plant weight, WPW, 即地上部与块根产量之和)、根冠比(root/top part, R/T)、不施钾处理(NP)与施钾处理(NPK)的块根产量比值(钾敏感性指数, relative root weigh, RRW, 即以不施钾为基数, 分析施钾后对甘薯生物产量的影响及其程度), 施钾处理下块根干重(root dry weight, RDW, 即地下块根重与其干率之积)、地上部干重(top dry weight, TDW, 即地上部鲜重与其干率之积)与整株干重(dry weight of whole plant, DWWP, 即块根干重与地上部干重之和); 参照陆国权等的方法^{[ 18]}, 计算植株各部位钾累积量(potassium accumulation

表1 供试甘薯材料来源 Table 1 Source of sweetpotato varieties (lines) used in this study

编号 Code	品种(系) Variety (line)	来源 Source
1	徐薯18 Xushu 18	江苏徐州甘薯研究中心Xuzhou Sweetpotato Research Center, Jiangsu
2	徐紫薯1号Xuzishu 1	江苏徐州甘薯研究中心Xuzhou Sweetpotato Research Center, Jiangsu
3	徐薯22 Xushu 22	江苏徐州甘薯研究中心Xuzhou Sweetpotato Research Center, Jiangsu
4	徐薯23 Xushu 23	江苏徐州甘薯研究中心Xuzhou Sweetpotato Research Center, Jiangsu
5	徐薯24 Xushu 24	江苏徐州甘薯研究中心Xuzhou Sweetpotato Research Center, Jiangsu
6	徐薯25 Xushu 25	江苏徐州甘薯研究中心Xuzhou Sweetpotato Research Center, Jiangsu
7	徐紫薯3 号 Xuzishu 3	江苏徐州甘薯研究中心Xuzhou Sweetpotato Research Center, Jiangsu
8	徐薯26 Xushu 26	江苏徐州甘薯研究中心Xuzhou Sweetpotato Research Center, Jiangsu
9	渝紫薯7号 Yuzishu 7	西南大学Southwest University.
10	徐薯27 Xushu 27	江苏徐州甘薯研究中心 Xuzhou Sweetpotato Research Center, Jiangsu
11	徐薯28 Xushu 28	江苏徐州甘薯研究中心 Xuzhou Sweetpotato Research Center, Jiangsu
12	徐薯L7 Xushu L7	江苏徐州甘薯研究中心 Xuzhou Sweetpotato Research Center, Jiangsu
13	北京553 Beijing 553	原华北农业科学研究所 Former North China Institute of Agricultural Sciences
14	济紫黑1号Jizihei 1	山东省农业科学院 Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
15	徐薯32 Xushu 32	江苏徐州甘薯研究中心 Xuzhou Sweetpotato Research Center, Jiangsu
16	心香 Xinxiang	浙江省农业科学院 Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences
17	徐紫薯20-1 Xuzishu 20-1	江苏徐州甘薯研究中心Xuzhou Sweetpotato Research Center, Jiangsu
18	徐薯55-2 Xushu 55-2	江苏徐州甘薯研究中心Xuzhou Sweetpotato Research Center, Jiangsu
19	宁紫薯1号 Ningzishu 1	江苏省农业科学院Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences (JSAAS)
20	苏薯8号Sushu 8	江苏省南京市农业科学研究所Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu
21	金玉 Jinyu	浙江省农业科学院Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences
22	徐薯781 Xushu 781	江苏徐州甘薯研究中心Xuzhou Sweetpotato Research Center, Jiangsu
23	紫薯602 Zishu 602	江苏徐州甘薯研究中心Xuzhou Sweetpotato Research Center, Jiangsu
24	济薯22 Jishu 22	山东省农业科学院Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
25	济紫薯18 Jizishu 18	山东省农业科学院Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
26	徐薯1901 Xushu 1901	江苏徐州甘薯研究中心Xuzhou Sweetpotato Research Center, Jiangsu
27	川薯294 Chuanshu 294	四川省农业科学院Sichuang Academy of Agricultural Sciences
28	苏皖薯178 Suwanshu 178	安徽农业科学院/江苏省农业科学院Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences /JSAAS
29	栗子香 Lizixiang	中国农业科学院原薯类研究所 Former Institute of Root Crop Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
30	商薯19 Shanshu 19	河南省商丘农业科学研究所 Shangqiu Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Henan
31	徐薯22-5 Xushu 22-5	江苏徐州甘薯研究中心Xuzhou Sweetpotato Research Center, Jiangsu

表1 供试甘薯材料来源 Table 1 Source of sweetpotato varieties (lines) used in this study

amount, KAA)、植株的总累积钾量(total potassium accumulation amount, TKAA)及钾浓度(potassium concentration, K%)和钾营养利用效率(potassium utilization efficiency, KUE), 即植株体内单位重量钾所形成的生物量)。

1.4 数据统计

产量性状为2011年和2012年的数据, 钾累积量、钾浓度和钾营养利用效率为2012年的数据, 采用Microsoft Excel 2003作图和SPSS13.0统计分析与处理数据。

2 结果与分析

2.1 筛选条件及甘薯品种(系)块根产量性状的差异

块根作为甘薯主要收获器官, 其产量变异系数是衡量筛选方法是否适宜的重要依据, 变异系数大, 表明该方法有利于品种(系)差异显示。由表2可知, 长期肥料定位试验下, 2011年与2012年间甘薯块根与地上部产量未显示显著性差异, 两年NPK处理的块根产量均值大于NP处理, 其变异系数较后者分

别增加12.26%和11.51%, 差异显著, 说明施钾增加不同品种(系)材料间块根产量的差异。与NP处理相比, 长期施钾条件下31份材料的块根产量增产率存在差异, 但总体趋势为施K能促进块根膨大; 2个处理下最低块根产量品种分别为徐薯22-5与徐薯781, 最高产量的均为徐薯18; NPK处理下块根干重变异系数较鲜重有所下降, 仍高于地上部干重与整株干重变异系数, 块根干重差异达显著水平( P<0.05), 表明该试验条件下不同材料间块根产量品种(系)差异充分体现。

根冠比反映甘薯地下部与地上部间的协调性, 合适根冠比能提升甘薯经济系数。如表2所示, NP与NPK处理下, 不同品种(系)间根冠比差异较大, 最大根冠比材料分别为徐薯32与徐薯24, 最小的均为栗子香; 较NP处理, NPK处理下徐薯24、商薯19和徐薯32根冠比值分别增加了49.22%、41.05%和38.61%; 表明施钾处理增加根冠比, 促进地上光合产物向地下块根的转运, 降低甘薯地上部分旺长风险, 协调甘薯根冠间比例。

表2 不同甘薯品种(系)间产量性状的差异 Table 2 Difference of yield traits among sweetpotato varieties (lines)

2.2 甘薯品种(系)钾敏感性差异分析

经聚类分析(图1)可知, 31个品种(系)钾敏感性可分为4类, 徐薯18、栗子香等6个材料为I类, 钾敏感性指数0.90以上, 平均达0.96, 此类品种(系)表现出钾低敏感, 钾肥对其产量影响较小, 为耐低钾品种(系), 徐紫薯20-1增产幅度最大, 为10%; 徐薯22、苏皖178等12个为II类, 平均敏感性指数为0.76, 表现钾适度敏感, 钾肥对其产量有一定影响, 产量增幅范围为20.00%~44.19%; 北京553、金玉等12个为III类, 平均敏感性指数为0.52, 表现钾敏感, 钾肥对该类品种(系)产量有显著影响, 产量增幅范围为64.17%~149.01%; 宁紫薯1为IV类, 敏感性指数为0.40, 表现对钾肥高度敏感, 产量增幅高达212.50%, 适当施钾可较大幅度增加其产量。4类甘薯品种(系)间钾敏感性差异显著( P<0.05), 因此, 该指标可为不同耐低钾能力及钾吸收利用效率的甘薯材料筛选提供依据。

2.3 甘薯品种(系)植株钾积累量与钾浓度的差异

表3所示, NP处理下, 块根、叶、叶柄和藤蔓钾累积量最大值与最小值分别相差5.92、5.70、4.22和5.13倍, NPK处理下分别相差7.79、6.47、5.37和5.47倍, 变幅、均值与变异系数均为NPK处理明显大于NP处理, 如NPK处理徐薯18、徐薯22、济薯22等整株累积量均达3 g以上, 宁紫薯1号、徐薯32、北京553等钾累积量均不到1 g; 同时31个材料钾累积量的顺次与其生物量并不完全一致, 说明不同甘薯品种(系)间各部钾累积量的差异, 不仅与其生物产量和钾浓度有关, 还可能与植株吸钾能力和土壤活化供钾能力相关。

同等施肥处理下, 不同甘薯材料各器官的钾累

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	图1 甘薯品种(系)钾敏感性差异聚类分析图Fig. 1 Clustering analysis diagram of RRW differences among sweetpotato varieties (lines)

计量均为块根最高, 钾浓度为叶柄部最高; NP处理下, 块根、叶、叶柄和藤蔓钾浓度最大值与最小值间分别相差5.00、2.31、1.89和2.19倍, NPK处理下分别相差为5.93、4.50、6.30和4.40倍, 不同材料各部分钾浓度差异水平表现显著或极显著; NPK处理下, 不同甘薯材料整株总钾累积量与钾浓度差异达显著水平( P<0.05), 总钾累积量变异系数低于植株各部分, 除藤蔓钾浓度变异系数较高外, 整株钾浓度与其他部位变异程度相近。

2.4 甘薯钾利用效率的品种(系)差异

由图2可知, NPK处理下不同甘薯材料间块根钾利用效率与整株钾利用效率差异均达显著水平( P<0.05), 块根钾利用效率变幅为58.92~384.9 g g^-1, 变异系数为37.74%, 其中以心香、济紫黑1号、北京553和徐薯24的钾利用效率较高, 均达200 g g^-1以上, 宁紫薯1、徐薯22-5等较低; 整株钾利用效率变幅为42.03~165.52 g g^-1, 变异系数为42.27%, 其中以徐薯24、徐薯32、心香等较高, 宁紫薯1号、徐薯22-5等较低; 统计分析显示, 甘薯材料间块根钾利用效率与整株钾利用效率相关性达极显著水平( P<0.01, r = 0.595), 表明用两者评价甘薯钾利用效率具有一致性。

表3 不同甘薯品种(系)间各部位钾积累量与钾浓度的差异 Table 3 Difference of potassium accumulation amount and potassium concentration among sweetpotato varieties (lines)

2.5 甘薯植株钾营养效率指标的相关性

由表4可知, 甘薯块根产量与总钾累积量、块根钾利用效率、钾敏感性和根冠比间极显著相关( r = 0.604、0.460、0.501、0.582, P < 0.01), 与钾浓度显著负相关( r = -0.441, P<0.05), 整株干重和块根干重与钾浓度呈显著负相关; 块根钾利用效率和整株钾利用效率相似, 与植株钾累积量和钾浓度间分别表现显著和极显著负相关; 钾敏感性与整株钾浓度显著负相关( r = -0.436, P<0.05), 与块根钾利用效率显著相关( r= 0.443, P < 0.05), 而与整株钾累积量间相关性并不显著。说明选用的评价指标基本反映出甘薯钾营养效率, 具有筛选耐低钾与钾高效利用型甘薯的可行性。

3 讨论

甘薯作为典型喜钾作物, 研究人员已开展诸多相关研究, 积累了丰富的经验。但如何鉴定与评价不同甘薯材料对钾营养元素吸收利用的遗传差异,

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	图2 不同甘薯品种(系)块根与整株钾利用效率的比较Fig. 2 Comparison of KUE among sweetpotato varieties (lines) root and whole plant

表4 甘薯整株总钾累积量和钾浓度与相关指标的相关系数 Table 4 Correlation coefficients of some indices and KAA and K content in sweetpotato varieties (lines)

相关系数临界值, α= 0.05时, r = 0.3550, α = 0.01时, r = 0.4556。

KUE: potassium utilization efficiency; WP: whole plant; R/T: root/top part; RRW: relative root weight; WPW: whole plant weight; RW: root weight; PW: top part weight. Critical concentration of CC, α = 0.05, r = 0.3550, α = 0.01, r = 0.4556.

构建育种核心亲本, 挖掘自身的遗传潜力, 达到提高钾素营养效率目的, 是值得研究的重要方向, 也是改良甘薯生长对环境和营养条件的要求, 减少田间钾资源投入和提高甘薯钾利用效率的重要策略。

3.1 耐低钾与钾高效甘薯品种(系)的筛选方法

钾营养效率是植物营养研究的重点, 由于作物特性不同, 在筛选方法上至今仍未形成统一认识^{[ 2, 6, 7, 8]}。甘薯系地下块根类作物, 块根钾效率应是主要研究目标; 研究认为不同品种(系)甘薯间正常的生长和代谢活动要求的钾浓度存在很大差异^{[ 18]}, 但对于耐低钾与钾高效甘薯材料的筛选条件等前人并未深入研究。在一般大田条件难以反映低钾环境与效应, 大范围耐低钾高效利用甘薯品种(系)筛选, 如资源圃材料、育种早代或中间材料等, 工作量大, 且易引起品质性状、产量及抗病虫性等方面与育种目标不一致。因此, 从优质栽培种材料中筛选核心亲本材料, 创制耐低钾高效利用甘薯新材料, 符合当前的育种策略和目标。本研究利用的32年长期定位黄潮土试验田, NP与NPK两处理养分基本处于消长平衡, 土壤速效钾相对稳定^{[ 21]}, 除钾外, 其他养分差异很小, 既可保证试验中钾因素变量的唯一性, 又可弥补盆栽或水培条件下结薯性方面的局限性。结果显示, 长期肥料定位试验下, 两处理间31份材料块根产量、根冠比、钾利用效率、钾敏感性、钾累计量以及钾浓度等指标变异不尽相同, 但变化趋势相似, 反映出甘薯钾营养效率一般规律与差异, 表明该方法具有对耐低钾与钾高效利用型甘薯材料进行筛选的可行性。

3.2 耐低钾能力与钾累积量、钾浓度的关系

耐低钾能力指钾养分在较低或临界水平下, 植株仍能保持正常生长或获较高生物产量, 在增加钾浓度下植株各反应也未有明显改变的能力; 不同作物上学者评价耐低钾能力指标不一致, 刘国栋等^{[ 2]}认为吸钾速率和钾素利用效率是衡量水稻耐低钾性状的两个主要指标; 田晓莉等^{[ 8]}以液培条件下棉花五叶幼苗期生物量、吸钾量、钾利用指数以及子叶缺钾斑等指标来评价棉花耐低钾能力; 杨振明等^{[ 6]}以液培中吸钾量作为耐低钾冬小麦筛选主要指标。本研究以钾敏感性评价甘薯耐低钾能力, 与王姣爱等报道相近^{[ 22]}, 钾敏感性指数反映钾水平相同下不同品种(系)甘薯生物产量增幅, 指数越大, 耐低钾能力越强, 表明该类材料在低钾下可能有较强的K素利用能力, 或较强的吸收和活化土壤K素的能力, 也或对有机物和钾素的转运、分配的协调能力强; 植株体内钾累积量与钾浓度被视为评价钾效应的重要参数^{[ 23]}, 相关分析显示, 钾敏感性与整株钾浓度间呈显著负相关, 表明耐低钾材料低钾浓度下也可能获得较高生物产量。

3.3 钾利用效率与钾敏感性的关系

钾营养利用效率的差异主要表现在体内钾运输、分配等利用机制的差异^{[ 24]}, 反映植物吸收利用到体内的钾素生产植物产量能力^{[ 23]}, 多数学者利用钾利用效率作为评价作物是否钾高效利用的重要指标^{[ 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11]}; 就同一作物而言, 施钾下作物钾利用效率降低, 缺钾时钾素利用效率相对较高, 而在同样低钾胁迫条件下, 钾高效品种(系)较耐低钾, 钾素利用效率相对较高^{[ 22]}, 说明作物钾利用效率随土壤环境条件或不同生育时期而变化, 因此, 需以多个指标综合评价作物钾养分是否高效利用^{[ 25]}。本研究相关分析显示, 块根钾利用效率与钾敏感性间相关性显著, 但各个甘薯材料块根钾利用效率与钾敏感性存在差异, 耐低钾材料不完全为钾高效利用型, 反之亦然, 与有些作物报道不同^{[ 23]}; 同时, 认为钾利用效率和钾敏感性可作为耐低钾与钾高效甘薯材料筛选的两个主要指标, 块根钾利用效率达200 g g^-1以上可被认为是钾高效利用型甘薯材料, 钾敏感性指数0.8以上可被认为是耐低钾甘薯材料; 根据块根钾利用效率、钾敏感性以及块根产量等指标, 31份供试材料中的徐紫薯20-1、徐薯32、徐薯24和心香是耐低钾与钾高效利用型甘薯。

4 结论

长期肥料定位试验田NP和NPK处理下不同类型甘薯品种(系)钾营养效率差异显著, 可以此筛选不同钾营养效率甘薯品种(系), 具有筛选耐低钾与钾高效利用型甘薯的可行性。块根钾敏感性指数可分为低度敏感型、适度敏感型、敏感型和高度敏感型4类, 钾敏感性可作为低钾条件下评价甘薯耐钾能力的重要指标; 甘薯块根钾利用效率、钾敏感性与产量呈极显著相关, 块根钾利用效率与钾敏感性为评价钾营养效率的2个不同概念, 可作为筛选耐低钾高效利用型甘薯的2个主要指标。

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

作者已声明无竞争性利益关系。The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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1999

0.0

1.507

... 我国土壤钾素供应能力不足, 呈由北向南降低趋势, 钾素亏缺渐成近乎全国性的严重问题^[1] ...

2002

0.0

1.667

. 2002, 28:161-166

Screening indica rice for K-efficient genotypes

(籼稻耐低钾基因型的筛选) . (作物学报) , 2002 , 28 : 161 - 166 Liu G D , Liu G L . Screening indica rice for K-efficient genotypes

Liu G D

(刘国栋) , (刘更另) . (籼稻耐低钾基因型的筛选) . (作物学报) , 2002 , 28 : 161 - 166 Liu G D

本研究针对我国钾矿资源短缺的基本国情,以业已建立的水培快速方法为筛选方法对86种不同的基因型进行了筛选比较.结果表明无论是吸钾速率、钾素利用效率还是生物量,籼稻的基因型差异十分显著:最大吸钾速率为IR45138-115-1-1-2-2,达663.9,而最小吸钾速率为IR47761-27-1-3-6,仅只有232.6 nmol K+ plant-1 h-1,相差近3倍;最大钾

... 研究表明, 不同植物种、甚至同一作物的不同品种对土壤中钾营养利用能力差异极显著^[2], 因此, 充分利用作物自身对钾素吸收利用的遗传差异, 培育耐低钾和高效利用品种(系)材料^[3], 或利用转基因与分子克隆等现代生物手段, 提高钾素吸收与利用效率^[4], 是缓解我国钾素资源缺乏、提高作物产量与品质的重要途径 ...

... 钾营养吸收利用效率与耐低钾能力是作物肥料利用的重要特性, 国内外学者在水稻^[2,5]、小麦^[6,7]、棉花^[8,9]、大麦^[10,11]等作物上作了许多研究 ...

... 在水稻^[2]、棉花^[8]等作物上, 钾素利用效率的高低是衡量耐低钾性状的主要指标 ...

... 1 耐低钾与钾高效甘薯品种(系)的筛选方法钾营养效率是植物营养研究的重点, 由于作物特性不同, 在筛选方法上至今仍未形成统一认识^[2,6,7,8] ...

... 不同作物上学者评价耐低钾能力指标不一致, 刘国栋等^[2]认为吸钾速率和钾素利用效率是衡量水稻耐低钾性状的两个主要指标 ...

... 3 钾利用效率与钾敏感性的关系钾营养利用效率的差异主要表现在体内钾运输、分配等利用机制的差异^[24], 反映植物吸收利用到体内的钾素生产植物产量能力^[23], 多数学者利用钾利用效率作为评价作物是否钾高效利用的重要指标^{[2,5,6,7,8,9,10,11]} ...

1983

2.638

0.0

2010

10.526

1.1032

2003

0.0

. 2003, 67:273-282 DOI:10.1023/B:FRES.0000003665.90952.0c

Genotypic differences and some associated plant traits in potassium internal use efficiency of lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.)

1.Zhejiang University<br/>

As potassium (K) deficiency in paddy soils is becoming one of the limiting factors for increasing rice yield in Asia, it is important to identify genotypic differences and exploit genetic potential for K use efficiency in lowland rice. Successful identification of K-efficient genotypes and genetic improvement largely depend on development of accurate and feasible screening parameters and methods. In this study, over 134 rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes were tested under nutrient solution and field conditions at low and adequate K levels to examine genotypic differences in K internal use efficiency (KIUE) and identify the associated plant traits. Marked differences in K internal use efficiency for biomass production (KIUE-B) and for grain production (KIUE-G) were observed among the rice genotypes. The KIUE-B at the seedling stage (g DW g^–1 K taken up) differed sixfold among the 134 rice genotypes under low K. A positive and close correlation was observed between the relative shoot and root dry matter yields, relative root K accumulation and the KIUE-B at the seedling stage, respectively. However, a negative and significant correlation was found between the KIUE-B and the relative K concentrations in shoots and roots, and the relative K accumulation in shoots, respectively. The results from the two years of field experiments showed that rice genotypes with greater KIUE-B at the seedling stage had higher KIUE-B at the tillering stage and higher KIUE-G at physiological maturity. Both KIUE-B at the tillering stage and KIUE-G at physiological maturity were closely and positively correlated with the relative shoot dry matter yield in shoots at the tillering stage and harvest index under low K, and had a highly significant and negative correlation with the shoot K concentration and accumulation at low K among the nine rice genotypes. Therefore, the K internal use efficiency could be used as an index for selecting K-efficient genotypes. The relative shoot biomass, relative root length, K concentration and accumulation in shoots as well as harvest index are among the most important plant traits for identifying K-efficient genotypes in lowland rice.

... 钾营养吸收利用效率与耐低钾能力是作物肥料利用的重要特性, 国内外学者在水稻^[2,5]、小麦^[6,7]、棉花^[8,9]、大麦^[10,11]等作物上作了许多研究 ...

1998

0.0

1.979

... 钾营养吸收利用效率与耐低钾能力是作物肥料利用的重要特性, 国内外学者在水稻^[2,5]、小麦^[6,7]、棉花^[8,9]、大麦^[10,11]等作物上作了许多研究 ...

... 1 耐低钾与钾高效甘薯品种(系)的筛选方法钾营养效率是植物营养研究的重点, 由于作物特性不同, 在筛选方法上至今仍未形成统一认识^[2,6,7,8] ...

... 杨振明等^[6]以液培中吸钾量作为耐低钾冬小麦筛选主要指标 ...

2006

0.0

1.883

. 2006, 12:277-281

Studies in screening indices and screening environments for efficient potassium wheat genotypes

(钾高效小麦基因型的筛选指标和筛选环境研究) . (植物营养与肥料学报) , 2006 , 12 : 277 - 281 Zhao X Q , Jie X L , Tan J F , Xu X J , Li Y T . Studies in screening indices and screening environments for efficient potassium wheat genotypes

Zhao X Q

(赵学强) , (介晓磊) , (谭金芳) , (许仙菊) , (李有田) . (钾高效小麦基因型的筛选指标和筛选环境研究) . (植物营养与肥料学报) , 2006 , 12 : 277 - 281 Zhao X Q

不同植物或同一植物的不同基因型吸收和利用钾素的能力差异十分显著[1].利用和选育耐低钾的植物基因型,挖掘作物自身基因潜力,是提高作物钾素营养效率和缓解我国钾素资源短缺,促进"生态环保型"农业可持续发展的一条有效途径."钾高效"植物基因型的选育过程中,首先遇到的问题就是"钾高效"种质资源的筛选.针对不同作物和养分确立合适的筛选环境和筛选指标是做好这项工作的前提.近年来有关钾高效种质资源筛选的报道很多[2-5],这些研究采用的筛选环境有大田、土培、砂培、液培等,筛选指标有钾利用效率、钾利用指数、生物量、钾吸收动力学参数、吸钾量和钾吸收效率等.

... 钾营养吸收利用效率与耐低钾能力是作物肥料利用的重要特性, 国内外学者在水稻^[2,5]、小麦^[6,7]、棉花^[8,9]、大麦^[10,11]等作物上作了许多研究 ...

... 1 耐低钾与钾高效甘薯品种(系)的筛选方法钾营养效率是植物营养研究的重点, 由于作物特性不同, 在筛选方法上至今仍未形成统一认识^[2,6,7,8] ...

2008

0.0

1.667

. 2008, 34:1434-1443 DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2008.01435

Conditions and indicators for screening cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) genotypes tolerant to low-potassium

(棉花耐低钾基因型筛选条件和指标的研究) . (作物学报) , 2008 , 34 : 1434 - 1443 Tian X L , Wang G W , Zhu R , Yang P Z , Duan L S , Li Z H . Conditions and indicators for screening cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) genotypes tolerant to low-potassium

Tian X L

(田晓莉) , (王刚卫) , (朱睿) , (杨培珠) , (段留生) , (李召虎) . (棉花耐低钾基因型筛选条件和指标的研究) . (作物学报) , 2008 , 34 : 1434 - 1443 Tian X L

Center of Crop Chemical Control / Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Farming System / State Key Laboratory of National Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China

Commercial cotton production is currently limited by varying levels of potassium (K) deficiency. Screening for low-potassium tolerant cotton genotypes is necessary to alleviate the shortage of available potassium in soil. However, there is no standard procedure for such screening. Fifty cotton genotypes, mainly predominant cultivars/lines developed in 2004 in China, were tested under a hydroponic culture at low (0.02 mmol L^-1) and adequate (2.50 mmol L^-1) K levels. We determined genotypic differences in dry matter and associated traits at the seedling stage and compared with dry weight of reproductive organs (squares, flowers and uncracked and cracked bolls) in a field with potassium-deficient soil (59.88 mg kg^-1). Coefficient of variation (CV) among genotypes for whole plant dry weight increased from 15.13% at 1-leaf stage to 21.13% and 28.58% at 3- and 5-leaf stages, suggesting that differences among genotypes would manifest more clearly as seedlings aged. Together with the rather short grow-ing period (about 20 d), we considered the 5-leaf stage most suitable for the screening at the seedling stage. The relative dry weight (RDW) of the whole plant (0.02/2.50) correlated well (r = 0.7690, P < 0.01) with absolute dry weight (ADW) in the low K medium, but it had a higher CV than the latter (up to 37.39% at the 5-leaf stage). This suggests that the RDW would be a better screening index than ADW. Under the K-deficient media, highly significant positive correlations were observed between K ac-cumulation and dry matter (r = 0.9522), K utilization index (KUI, dry matter produced per 1‰ K) and dry matter (r = 0.9791), respectively. This shows that cotton tolerance to low K is a function of uptake and utilization. Correlation coefficients between root length and K accumulation, root surface area and K accumulation were 0.5201 (P < 0.01) and 0.3325 (P < 0.05), respectively. The ratio of spotted area caused by potassium deficiency to total cotyledon area (defined as S) was highly variable (CV = 44.46%) and normally distributed among genotypes, and inversely correlated with dry matter (r = –0.4455, P < 0.01). Thus the S value could be a secondary screening index for low K tolerance. The K content of seed did not affect the low-K tolerance of seedlings. We obtained a significantly positive correlation between dry matter at the seedling stage and dry weight of reproductive organs in the field (r = 0.5091, P < 0.01). Our conclusion is that preliminary screening of cotton genotypes tolerant to low-potassium at the seedling stage is feasible using a hydroponic culture. However, some important genotypes would need further screening in the field.

以2004年我国棉区的主栽品种/组合/品系为主, 收集50个基因型, 在苗期室内液培条件下(低钾浓度和高钾浓度分别为0.02 mmol L^-1和2.50 mmol L^-1)对棉花耐低钾基因型的适宜筛选苗龄和评价指标进行研究, 并与田间缺钾土壤(速效钾含量为59.88 mg kg^-1)的筛选结果进行比较。结果表明, 棉花5叶期幼苗基因型间生物量的变异系数明显高于3叶期, 适宜进行耐低钾基因型筛选。低钾条件下的绝对生物量与相对生物量(0.02/2.50)、吸钾量和钾利用指数(KUI, 单位浓度钾所形成的生物量)极显著(P < 0.01)相关, 相关系数分别为0.7690、0.9522和0.9791。根长、根表面积与整株吸钾量的相关系数分别为0.5201(P < 0.01)和0.3325(P < 0.05)。子叶缺钾斑占子叶总面积的比例(S)在基因型间变化幅度大(变异系数为44.46%)、符合正态分布、与生物量极显著相关(r = –0.4455, P < 0.01), 可作为棉花苗期耐低钾基因型筛选的辅助指标。种子含钾量与棉花幼苗子叶的S值、生物量、钾吸收量和KUI均无相关关系。液培条件下5叶期幼苗的整株生物量与田间条件下产量器官干重极显著相关(r = 0.5091, P < 0.01), 证明苗期室内液培筛选具有可行性, 可作为对大量基因型的初筛方法, 典型基因型需要在田间进行复筛。

... 钾营养吸收利用效率与耐低钾能力是作物肥料利用的重要特性, 国内外学者在水稻^[2,5]、小麦^[6,7]、棉花^[8,9]、大麦^[10,11]等作物上作了许多研究 ...

... 在水稻^[2]、棉花^[8]等作物上, 钾素利用效率的高低是衡量耐低钾性状的主要指标 ...

... 1 耐低钾与钾高效甘薯品种(系)的筛选方法钾营养效率是植物营养研究的重点, 由于作物特性不同, 在筛选方法上至今仍未形成统一认识^[2,6,7,8] ...

... 田晓莉等^[8]以液培条件下棉花五叶幼苗期生物量、吸钾量、钾利用指数以及子叶缺钾斑等指标来评价棉花耐低钾能力 ...

1990

2.474

0.0

... 钾营养吸收利用效率与耐低钾能力是作物肥料利用的重要特性, 国内外学者在水稻^[2,5]、小麦^[6,7]、棉花^[8,9]、大麦^[10,11]等作物上作了许多研究 ...

2011

0.527

0.4431

. 2011, 10:101-108 DOI:10.1016/S1671-2927(11)60312-X

Differences in the efficiency of potassium (K) uptake and use in barley varieties

Abstract

Screening of crop genotypes with high K efficiency plays a fundamental role in understanding their physiological mechanisms. In this study, pot culture experiment was conducted to reveal the differences in uptake and use of K among 56 barley varieties. The coefficient of variation (CV) of K uptake (Ku) and K dry matter production index (KDMPI) of these varieties were higher than other indices and both Ku and KDMPI were significantly different among the barley varieties. Furthermore, Ku and KDMPI were positively correlated with dry matter weight (DMW) during the whole growth period; K use efficiency (KUE) and K harvesting index (KHI) were significantly related to dry grain weight (DGW) at maturing stage. Through cluster of these indices, Sandrime and AC Westech were found to be the most K-efficient and K-inefficient genotypes of barley, respectively. Significant differences were observed in uptake and use capacity of K between the two genotypes. During the whole growth period, Ku, K dry matter production efficiency (KDMPE), KDMPI and DMW of the K-efficient genotype were found to be 1.5-1.8, 1.4-2.3, 2.1-3.9, and 1.7-2.1 times higher than those of the K-inefficient genotype, respectively, and at maturing stage, DWG, KUE, and KHI of efficient genotype were higher than those of the inefficient one. The results also showed that Sandrime was the most efficient candidate among the tested varieties for K efficiency and further studies should be conducted to investigate its physiological and biochemical characteristics.

... 钾营养吸收利用效率与耐低钾能力是作物肥料利用的重要特性, 国内外学者在水稻^[2,5]、小麦^[6,7]、棉花^[8,9]、大麦^[10,11]等作物上作了许多研究 ...

1980

6.555

0.0

... 钾营养吸收利用效率与耐低钾能力是作物肥料利用的重要特性, 国内外学者在水稻^[2,5]、小麦^[6,7]、棉花^[8,9]、大麦^[10,11]等作物上作了许多研究 ...

2012

0.0

0.895

... ]是重要的地下块根类作物, 2010年我国甘薯种植面积约460万公顷, 为我国重要的粮食、饲料和工业加工原料^[12] ...

1977

0.0

... 作为典型喜钾作物, 钾对甘薯块根产量与品质至关重要^{[13,14,15,16]} ...

2012

0.435

0.0

... 作为典型喜钾作物, 钾对甘薯块根产量与品质至关重要^{[13,14,15,16]} ...

2002

0.0

1.883

. 2002, 8:81-85 DOI:10.11674/zwyf.2002.0115

Effect of potassium nutrition on some physiological characteristics and yield formation of sweetpotato

(钾营养对甘薯某些生理特性和产量形成的影响) . (植物营养与肥料学报) , 2002 , 8 : 81 - 85 Shi C Y , Wang Z L , Zhao B Q , Guo F F , Yu S L . Effect of potassium nutrition on some physiological characteristics and yield formation of sweetpotato

Shi C Y

(史春余) , (王振林) , (赵秉强) , (郭风法) , (余松烈) . (钾营养对甘薯某些生理特性和产量形成的影响) . (植物营养与肥料学报) , 2002 , 8 : 81 - 85 Shi C Y

Shandong Agricultural University;Taian;271018;China

The effect of potassium nutrition on some physiological characteristics and yield formation of sweet potato with field culture were studied.The result showed,the application of adequate potassium increased the ATP content of functional leaf and storage root,and the ABA content of storage root in sweet potato.Adequate K application also improved soluble carbohydrate loading in leaf and soluble carbohydrate unloading in storage root,accelerated the transportation of carbohydrate from leaf to storage root,increased the starch content in storage root and the ratio of storage root dry weight to total dry weight,promoted the storage root growth rate.All of those contributed to increase storage root yield.

田间试验结果表明 ,适量供钾可增加甘薯功能叶和块根中的ATP含量 ,增加块根中的脱落酸 (ABA)含量 ;提高叶片中可溶性碳水化合物的装载效率和块根中可溶性碳水化合物的卸载效率 ,促进碳水化合物由叶片向块根的运输 ;增加块根中的淀粉含量 ,提高块根干重与单株干重的比率 ,促进块根迅速膨大 ,增加块根产量

... 作为典型喜钾作物, 钾对甘薯块根产量与品质至关重要^{[13,14,15,16]} ...

2013

0.0

1.889

. 2013, 46:486-495 DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2013.03.005

Effects of deficiency of N, P, or K on growth traits and nutrient uptakes of sweetpotato at early growing stage

(氮磷钾缺乏对甘薯前期生长和养分吸收的影响) . (中国农业科学) , 2013 , 46 : 486 - 495 Ning Y W , Ma H B , Xu X J , Wang J D , Zhang H , Xu J P , Chen J , Zhang Y C . Effects of deficiency of N, P, or K on growth traits and nutrient uptakes of sweetpotato at early growing stage

Ning Y W

(宁运旺) , (马洪波) , (许仙菊) , (汪吉东) , (张辉) , (许建平) , (陈杰) , (张永春) . (氮磷钾缺乏对甘薯前期生长和养分吸收的影响) . (中国农业科学) , 2013 , 46 : 486 - 495 Ning Y W

Institute of Agricultural Resource and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science/Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation of Jiangsu Province, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014

【Objective】The objective of the study is to accumulate the information for sweetpotato diagonosis of deficiency of nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P), or potassium(K) nutrients.【Method】A pot experiment with two sweetpotato cultivars (Sushu11 with stolons and Sushu14 with half-erect stem), four treatments (CK, -N, -P, -K) and four duplicates was conducted. A sweetpotato seedling was planted in a pot which was filled with sand, and four pots from the same treatment were placed in a plastic turnover box which was filled with solution medium. The seedlings were precultured in distilled water for three days and 1/2Hogland solution for a week, and treatment began after three new leaves had germinated. Four weeks later, the apparent deficiency symptoms appeared and the whole plant was sampled. Growth traits, photosynthetic characters, biomass accumulation and allocation, contents of N, P, and K in various plant parts of sweetpotato were investigated. 【Result】N, P, or K deficiency significantly reduced the sweetpotato shoots and total biomass (P＜0.01) compared with the CK treatment, where the greatest reduction occurred at the -N treatment (P＜0.01), the following was the -K treatment and the third was the -P treatment (P＜0.01). N, or K deficiency significantly reduced the sweetpotato roots biomass (P＜0.01 or P＜0.05), however there wasn’t changes in the -P treatment (P＞0.05). N or P deficiency significantly reduced the sweetpotato dry weight ratio of shoot to root (P＜0.01 or P＜0.05), while there wasn’t changes in the -K treatment(P＞0.05). Leaf area, leaf and branch number of a single plant significantly decreased under deficiency of N, P, or K (P＜0.01), the largest decrement of that occurred at the -N treatment, which were significantly lower than that of the -P and -K treatment (P＜0.01). Length of main stem of the two cultivars had a significant decrement in the -N treatment (P＜0.01), however, that of the -P or the -K treatment were concerned with the sweetpotato varieties, which significantly decreased for Sushu11 (P＜0.01) and had no changes for Sushu14 (P＞0.05). SPADs value of the 6th-8th function leaves was significantly decreased under deficiency of N or K(P＜0.01), however it was significantly increased under deficiency of P(P＜0.01). Deficiency of N, P, or K could significantly decrease net photosynthetic rate(P＜0.01), but had no effects on transpiration rate and intercellular CO2 concentration(P＞0.05). Stomatal conductance significantly decreased under deficiency of N or K(P＜0.05), however there weren’t changes under deficiency of P(P＞0.05). Contents of corresponding N, P, or K in various parts of sweetpotato significantly decreased under the condition of the -N, -P, or -K treatments. N deficiency could significantly decrease K contents of aboveground plant(leaf, petiole, and stem)(P＜0.01) and increase P content of roots (P＜0.01). P deficiency could significantly decrease N contents of leaf and petiole, K contents of petiole and stem (P＜0.01), however increase K content of roots (P＜0.05). Under the condition of K deficiency, N and P contents of petiole significantly decreased(P＜0.01), P content of leaves and roots significantly increased (P＜0.01). According to the results of this experiment, contents of N, P, and K in leaves under the condition of normal growth were 25.0-44.8 mg•kg-1(average 34.9 mg•kg-1), 2.7-6.3 mg•kg-1 (average 4.2 mg•kg-1), and 17.4-32.7 mg•kg-1 (average 25.2 mg•kg-1 ), respectively. When contents of N, P, and K in leaves were 10.0 mg•kg-1, 1.3 mg•kg-1, and 5.1 mg•kg-1 respectively, the apparent deficiency symptoms occurred. 【Conclusion】The results could provide references for the sweetpotato diagnosis under deficiency of N, P, or K in early growing stage.

【目的】为甘薯生长前期氮磷钾缺素诊断积累资料。【方法】选取生长性状差异较大的2个甘薯品种，通过营养液砂培盆栽试验，设置4个处理（CK, -N, -P, -K）和4次重复，薯苗移栽后在蒸馏水和1/2 Hogland营养液中分别预培养3 d和7 d，至3片新叶后开始处理，4周后甘薯出现明显缺素症状，取全株样研究氮磷钾缺乏条件下的生长性状、光合特性、生物量积累分配和植株各部位养分含量的变化。【结果】（1）氮磷钾缺乏可显著降低甘薯茎叶和总生物量（P＜0.01），其中以缺氮影响最大，缺钾次之，缺磷影响最小。氮钾缺乏可显著降低根系生物量（P＜0.05 或P＜0.01），缺磷对根系生物量无影响（P＞0.05）。氮磷缺乏可显著降低甘薯的冠根比（P＜0.05 或P＜0.01），缺钾对冠根比没有影响。（2）氮磷钾缺乏均可显著降低甘薯的单株分枝数、单株叶片数和单株叶面积（P＜0.01），但以缺氮的影响最大，并显著低于缺磷和缺钾处理（P＜0.01）。对主蔓长度的影响各不相同，缺氮可显著降低主蔓长度（P＜0.01），磷钾缺乏对甘薯主蔓长度的影响与品种有关。磷钾缺乏条件下，匍匐株型品种苏薯11的主蔓长度显著降低（P＜0.01），而半直立株型品种苏薯14的主蔓长度无显著变化（P＞0.05）。（3）甘薯第6—8功能叶片的SPAD值在氮钾缺乏时显著减少、磷缺乏时显著提高（P＜0.01），净光合速率在氮磷钾缺乏时均可显著减少（P＜0.01），气孔导度只在氮钾缺乏时显著减少（P＜0.05）、不受缺磷影响（P＞0.05），蒸腾速率和胞间二氧化碳浓度均不受氮磷钾缺乏影响（P＞0.05）。（4）氮磷钾缺乏可显著减少植株各部位相应养分含量（P＜0.01），并对其它养分吸收产生影响。缺氮可显著降低地上部分叶片、叶柄和茎蔓的钾含量（P＜0.01），促进磷在根系中的积累（P＜0.01）。缺磷可显著减少叶片（P＜0.01）和叶柄（P＜0.05）的氮素含量以及叶柄和茎蔓的钾含量（P＜0.01），增加钾素在根系中的积累（P＜0.05）。缺钾可显著减少叶柄的氮磷含量（P＜0.01），促进叶片和根系对磷的吸收（P＜0.01）。（5）根据本试验结果，正常生长的甘薯叶片含氮量为25.0—44.8 mg•kg-1（平均为（34.9±9.1）mg•kg-1），含磷量为2.7—6.3 mg•kg-1（平均为（4.2±1.3）mg•kg-1），含钾量为17.4—32.7 mg•kg-1（平均为（25.2±6.3）mg•kg-1），当叶片中氮磷钾含量分别为10.0、1.3和5.1 mg•kg-1时甘薯会出现明显的氮磷钾缺乏症状。【结论】研究结果可为甘薯氮磷钾营养的前期诊断提供借鉴。

... 作为典型喜钾作物, 钾对甘薯块根产量与品质至关重要^{[13,14,15,16]} ...

... 宁运旺等^[16]认为, 施钾水平对甘薯钾效率有一定影响, 且将钾累积能力作为判断甘薯钾高效标准 ...

1950

0.0

... 20世纪50年代, Scott ^[17]就指出甘薯不同部位不同生长期钾素吸收利用存在差异 ...

2001

0.0

1.883

. 2001, 7:357-360 DOI:10.11674/zwyf.2001.0318

Variation of potassium utilization efficiency among sweetpotato genotypes

(甘薯钾素利用效率的基因型差异研究) . (植物营养与肥料学报) , 2001 , 7 : 357 - 360 Lu G Q , Ding S R . Variation of potassium utilization efficiency among sweetpotato genotypes

Lu G Q

(陆国权) , (丁守仁) . (甘薯钾素利用效率的基因型差异研究) . (植物营养与肥料学报) , 2001 , 7 : 357 - 360 Lu G Q

Dept. of Agronomy, Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhu 310029, China

... 近年, 随着人们更多关注生态环境与生产成本, 对甘薯品质与用途有了更高要求, 同时针对土壤中钾营养越来越匮乏现状, 就如何提高甘薯钾素吸收与利用效率、减少钾营养不足等对甘薯品质与产量的不利影响渐成为研究热点, 陆国权等^[18]和Melvin等^[19]分别在相同钾水平与不同钾水平下, 研究不同甘薯品种对钾利用效率的差异以及对产量的影响, 均认为不同品种(系)的钾效率比、钾利用效率、各器官的钾浓度和钾积累量存在很大差异 ...

... 参照陆国权等的方法^[18], 计算植株各部位钾累积量(potassium accumulation ...

... 研究认为不同品种(系)甘薯间正常的生长和代谢活动要求的钾浓度存在很大差异^[18], 但对于耐低钾与钾高效甘薯材料的筛选条件等前人并未深入研究 ...

2002

2.474

0.0

2008

0.0

1.883

. 2008, 14:520-526 DOI:10.11674/zwyf.2008.0318

Effects of HA-K fertilizers on the absorption and utilization of potassium and the storage root yield in sweetpotato for table use

(腐植酸钾对食用甘薯品种钾吸收、利用和块根产量的影响) . (植物营养与肥料学报) , 2008 , 14 : 520 - 526 Wang R J , Wang Z L , Liang T B , Zhang X D , Liu L L , Shi C Y . Effects of HA-K fertilizers on the absorption and utilization of potassium and the storage root yield in sweetpotato for table use

Wang R J

(王汝娟) , (王振林) , (梁太波) , (张晓冬) , (刘兰兰) , (史春余) . (腐植酸钾对食用甘薯品种钾吸收、利用和块根产量的影响) . (植物营养与肥料学报) , 2008 , 14 : 520 - 526 Wang R J

Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Taian, Shandong 271018, China

Sweet potato belongs to the crop favoring potassium. The storage root yield is often increased significantly by the application of potassium fertilizer. Humic Acid（HA）can promote crop growth and increase fertilizer utilization．The objective of this study was to clarify the effects of the combined application of HA and potassium fertilizer on the absorption and utilization of potassium and the storage root yield in sweet potato for table use．The variety “Beijing 553”, a wide-planted variety for table use in China，was grown in the field at agricultural experiment station of Shandong Agricultural University in 2005，and two kinds of HA-K fertilizers were applied in the field experiment．The changes of T/R ratio in plants, N/K ratio in leaves and storage root, and storage root thickening rate during storage root development and their relations with storage root yield were determined by using the methods of periodic sampling during storage root development and measuring yield at harvest．The differences in potassium efficiency for production and potassium utilization efficiency among treatments were analyzed．The results showed that potassium fertilizer application reduced the T/R ratio in plants and N/K ratio in leaves and storage roots，increased storage root thickening rate, biomass yield and its distribution in storage roots, and storage root yield (by 24.18%)．Applying HA decreased the N/K ratio in storage roots and increased the N/K ratio in leaves，storage root thickening rate and biomass yield, and storage root yield (by 5.7%)．At the same time, applying HA increased potassium efficiency for the production of biomass and storage roots．Compared with application of same rate of K₂O，applying HA-K fertilizers decreased T/R ratio in plants and N/K ratio in leaves and storage roots，and increased storage root thickening rate at the early stage and medium stage of storage root development. The storage root yield was increased by 8.11%–9.50%. Moreover, the recovery efficiency and agronomic efficiency of HA-K fertilizer were all increased significantly.

甘薯属于喜钾作物，增施钾肥是提高甘薯块根产量的重要措施之一；而腐植酸具有促进作物生长、提高肥料利用率等作用。为探讨腐植酸与钾肥配合施用对食用甘薯钾吸收利用以及块根产量的影响，本研究利用自行制备的两种腐植酸钾肥料，选用食用甘薯品种“北京553”于2005年在山东农业大学农学试验站进行了研究。试验采用块根膨大过程定期取样和收获期测产相结合的方法，观察了块根膨大过程中植株地上部鲜重/块根鲜重（T/R）比值、叶片和块根含氮量/含钾量（N/K）比值以及块根膨大速率的变化及其与块根产量的关系，同时分析了钾素生产效率和钾肥利用率在处理之间的差异。结果表明，施用适量钾肥可以降低植株T/R比值以及叶片和块根的N/K比值，提高块根膨大速率，提高收获期生物产量及其干物质在块根中的分配率，增产24.18%。但是，施用钾肥降低了钾素生产干物质和块根的效率。施用适量腐植酸可以降低块根N/K比值，提高叶片N/K比值，提高块根膨大速率以及收获期的生物产量，增产5.70%。同时，施用腐植酸提高了钾素产干物质和块根的效率。与等量氧化钾对照比较，在块根膨大前、中期，施用腐植酸钾可以降低植株T/R比值以及叶片和块根的N/K比值，提高块根膨大速率；块根产量提高8.11%～9.50%。同时，腐植酸钾肥料的吸收利用率和农学利用率都显著提高。

... 王汝娟等^[20]大田试验表明, 施用腐植酸能显著提高钾肥料的钾素吸收利用率和农学利用率 ...

2006

0.0

... 本研究利用的32年长期定位黄潮土试验田, NP与NPK两处理养分基本处于消长平衡, 土壤速效钾相对稳定^[21], 除钾外, 其他养分差异很小, 既可保证试验中钾因素变量的唯一性, 又可弥补盆栽或水培条件下结薯性方面的局限性 ...

2000

0.0

. 2000, 20(3):35-39

Variation in response of wheat genotypes to potassium

(不同冬小麦基因型对钾肥敏感性差异的研究) . (麦类作物学报) , 2000 , 20 ( 3 ): 35 - 39 Wang J A , Zhang D Y , Jia W L , Liang Q Y . Variation in response of wheat genotypes to potassium

Wang J A

(王姣爱) , (张定一) , (贾文兰) , (梁青燕) . (不同冬小麦基因型对钾肥敏感性差异的研究) . (麦类作物学报) , 2000 , 20 ( 3 ): 35 - 39 Wang J A

采用不同的小麦基因型,以4水平钾浓度的水培方法进行研究.在高钾条件下,小麦不同基因型的干重、植株含钾量、吸钾量、根系状况差异较小.随着钾浓度的下降,小麦不同基因型的干重、植株含钾量、吸钾量、根系状况差异逐渐加大.对钾肥反应敏感的小麦基因型,随着钾浓度的降低,缺钾症状加重.因而筛选出晋麦31号为耐低钾基因型.

... 本研究以钾敏感性评价甘薯耐低钾能力, 与王姣爱等报道相近^[22], 钾敏感性指数反映钾水平相同下不同品种(系)甘薯生物产量增幅, 指数越大, 耐低钾能力越强, 表明该类材料在低钾下可能有较强的K素利用能力, 或较强的吸收和活化土壤K素的能力, 也或对有机物和钾素的转运、分配的协调能力强 ...

... 就同一作物而言, 施钾下作物钾利用效率降低, 缺钾时钾素利用效率相对较高, 而在同样低钾胁迫条件下, 钾高效品种(系)较耐低钾, 钾素利用效率相对较高^[22], 说明作物钾利用效率随土壤环境条件或不同生育时期而变化, 因此, 需以多个指标综合评价作物钾养分是否高效利用^[25] ...

2004

0.0

0.849

. 2004, 23:483-487

Advances of study on the K-efficiency in different plant genotypes

(植物钾效率基因型差异机理的研究进展) . (华中农业大学学报) , 2004 , 23 : 483 - 487 Jiang C C , Wang Y H , Lu J W , Xu F S , Gao X Z . Advances of study on the K-efficiency in different plant genotypes

Jiang C C

(姜存仓) , (王运华) , (鲁剑巍) , (徐芳森) , (高祥照) . (植物钾效率基因型差异机理的研究进展) . (华中农业大学学报) , 2004 , 23 : 483 - 487 Jiang C C

近些年对改良植物营养性状的研究十分活跃,特别是随着现代生物科学的快速发展,钾素营养的研究取得了可喜的进展.本文主要综述了植物基因型钾效率差异的生理和遗传机制,重点阐述了植物的钾吸收效率和利用效率的基因型差异、钾效率性状的遗传特征以及通过基因工程技术对植物钾效率改良的最新进展,并就今后该领域应开展的研究工作做了展望.

... 植株体内钾累积量与钾浓度被视为评价钾效应的重要参数^[23], 相关分析显示, 钾敏感性与整株钾浓度间呈显著负相关, 表明耐低钾材料低钾浓度下也可能获得较高生物产量 ...

... 本研究相关分析显示, 块根钾利用效率与钾敏感性间相关性显著, 但各个甘薯材料块根钾利用效率与钾敏感性存在差异, 耐低钾材料不完全为钾高效利用型, 反之亦然, 与有些作物报道不同^[23] ...

2008

6.555

0.0

1998

0.0