小麦-中间偃麦草渗入系抗白粉病基因<em> PmCH7124</em>的分子定位

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李建波, 乔麟轶, 李欣, 张晓军, 詹海仙, 郭慧娟, 任永康, 畅志坚. 小麦-中间偃麦草渗入系抗白粉病基因 PmCH7124的分子定位 . 41(1): 49-56
LI Jian-Bo, QIAO Lin-Yi, LI Xin, ZHANG Xiao-Jun, ZHAN Hai-Xian, GUO Hui-Juan, REN Yong-Kang, CHANG Zhi-Jian. Molecular Mapping of Powdery Mildew Resistance Gene PmCH7124 in a Putative Wheat- Thinopyrum intermediumIntrogression Line . Acta Agronomica Sinica, 41(1): 49-56 复制到剪切板

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作物学报编辑部

小麦-中间偃麦草渗入系抗白粉病基因 PmCH7124的分子定位

李建波¹, 乔麟轶^1,^2,^*, 李欣², 张晓军², 詹海仙², 郭慧娟², 任永康², 畅志坚^2,^*

¹山西大学研究生院, 山西太原 030006

²山西省农业科学院作物科学研究所 / 农业部黄土高原作物基因资源与种质创制重点实验室, 山西太原030031

^*通讯作者(Corresponding authors): 畅志坚, E-mail:wrczj@126.com; 乔麟轶, E-mail:qiaoly1988@126.com

第一作者联系方式: E-mail:lijianbo199061@163.com

收稿日期:2014-09-30

基金:本研究由国家自然科学基金项目(31171839), 山西省国际科技合作计划项目(2013081007)和山西省科技攻关项目(20130311001-5)资助

摘要

小麦新种质CH7124由八倍体小偃麦TAI8335与高感白粉病小麦品种晋麦33杂交后代衍生而来, 在苗期对白粉病菌株E09、E20、E21、E23、E26、Bg1和Bg2表现免疫或高抗, 抗病表现与TAI8335及其野生亲本中间偃麦草相似。基因组原位杂交未检测到CH7124含有外源染色体信号。利用CH7124与感病亲本SY95-71和绵阳11的杂交群体接种鉴定和遗传分析证实, CH7124成株期对E09的抗性由1对显性核基因控制, 暂命名为 PmCH7124。采用分离群体分组分析法(bulked segregant analysis, BSA) 对SY95-71/CH7124的F₆群体进行SSR标记扫描, 发现抗性基因 PmCH7124与5对SSR标记连锁, 与两翼邻近标记 Xgwm501和 Xbarc101的遗传距离分别为1.7 cM和4.5 cM。利用中国春缺体-四体和双端体材料, 将 PmCH7124及其连锁标记定位在小麦2B染色体长臂上。通过分析2BL上其他抗白粉病基因的抗谱、抗性来源、物理图谱位置以及连锁标记在 PmCH7124作图群体中的多态性, 认为 PmCH7124不同于2BL上已知的抗白粉病基因 Pm6、 Pm33、 PmJM22、 MlZec1、 MlAB10和 MlLX99。

关键词: 小麦-中间偃麦草渗入系; 白粉病抗性; GISH; SSR标记; 连锁图谱

Molecular Mapping of Powdery Mildew Resistance Gene PmCH7124 in a Putative Wheat- Thinopyrum intermedium Introgression Line

LI Jian-Bo¹, QIAO Lin-Yi^1,^2,^*, LI Xin², ZHANG Xiao-Jun², ZHAN Hai-Xian², GUO Hui-Juan², REN Yong-Kang², CHANG Zhi-Jian^2,^*

¹Graduate School of Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China

²Institute of Crop Science, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement on Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture, Taiyuan 030031, China

Abstract

Wheat introgression line CH7124 derived from a cross between wheat- Thinopyrum intermedium line TAI8335 (resistant to powdery mildew) and common wheat variety “Jinmai 33” (susceptible to powdery mildew) exhibits immunity to Blumeria graminisf. sp. tritici ( Bgt) pathotypes E09, E20, E21, E23, E26, Bg1, and Bg2 at the seedling stage. The Bgt resistance in CH7124 is similar to that in TAI8335 and its wild parent Th. intermedium. However, no Th. intermedium chromatin has been detected according to genome in situ hybridization (GISH) assay. In this study, we determined the single dominant Bgt resistance gene in CH7124, tentatively designated PmCH7124, using populations derived from SY95-71/CH7124 (F₆) and CH7124/Mianyang 11 (F₁ and F₂). Five SSR markers ( Xgwm47, Xgwm120, Xwmc332, Xgwm501, and Xbarc101) were identified to be codominant with PmCH7124 according to bulked segregant analysis, and the closely flanking markers were Xgwm501 and Xbacr101with genetic distances of 1.7 cM and 4.5 cM, respectively. The target resistance gene was chromosomally located on 2BL with Chinese Spring nulli-tetrasomicand ditelosomic lines. We primarily consider that PmCH7124is a new Bgt resistance gene because its resistance spectrum, origin, chromosomal location, and linked markers are different from those of the known Bgt resistance genes, such as Pm6, Pm33, PmJM22, MlZec1, MlAB10, and MlLX99.

Keyword: Wheat-Th. intermediumintrogression line; Resistance to powdery mildew; GISH; SSR markers; Linkage map

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小麦白粉病是由Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt)引起的世界性小麦病害, 在我国各小麦主产区常年发生, 随着小麦品种矮化、种植密度加大和生产条件的改善, 小麦白粉病危害日趋严重。发掘抗病基因、培育和推广抗病品种是减少白粉病损失最经济有效的方法^[1]。迄今为止, 国内外已在小麦基因组的46个基因座(Pm1~Pm50、Pm18= Pm1c、Pm22 = Pm1e、Pm23 = Pm4c、Pm31 = Pm21)鉴定出60多个正式命名的抗白粉病基因^[2], 其中, Pm6^[3]和Pm33^[4]被定位在小麦染色体2BL上。此外, PmJM22^[5]、MlZec1^[6]、MlAB10^[7]和MlLX99^[8]等抗白粉病基因也被定位在2BL上。一些抗白粉病基因, 如Pm2、Pm4a、Pm8和Pm21, 已成功应用于小麦育种和生产。然而, 由于小麦白粉病病原菌致病型多, 毒性基因变异快, 大多数抗病品种在推广应用3~5年即开始丧失抗性^[9]。因此, 持续发掘和利用小麦品种及其近缘种属中的抗白粉病新基因尤为重要。

中间偃麦草(Thinopyrum intermedium, 2n = 42, JJJ^sJ^sStSt)是多年生小麦野生近缘植物, 对小麦白粉病、锈病等病害表现免疫或高抗^[10]。近几年, 已从普通小麦与中间偃麦草的杂交后代中获得抗白粉病的小偃麦异附加系、异代换系、易位系^{[11, 12]}, 并从普通小麦与中间偃麦草的杂交后代中鉴定出抗白粉病新基因Pm40^[13]、Pm43^[14]和pmCH83^[15]。CH7124是八倍体小偃麦TAI8335与感白粉病的普通小麦品种晋麦33杂交、再与冀麦26回交得到的新品系^[12], 经温室接种鉴定, 对白粉病表现免疫。本研究旨在通过遗传分析、原位杂交及分子标记定位, 确定CH7124所含外源染色体片段的大小及其抗白粉病基因所在染色体位置, 为更好地利用该抗源种质提供理论依据。

1 材料与方法

1.1 植物材料和供试菌株

苗期抗性鉴定材料包括中间偃麦草Z1141和八倍体小偃麦TAI8335 (晋春5号/中间偃麦草//晋麦33)、CH7124 (晋麦33/TAI8335//冀麦26* 2)及其小麦亲本, 感病小麦品系SY95-71和感病对照品种京双16。利用SY95-71/CH7124 F₆群体(单粒传后代)、CH7124/绵阳11的F₁和F₂群体进行抗病性遗传分析和抗病基因定位。CH7124、中国春和中间偃麦草用于细胞学鉴定。上述材料均由山西农业科学院作物科学研究所提供。另外, 用于分子标记的中国春缺体-四体材料和双端体材料均由美国堪萨斯州立大学小麦遗传资源中心提供。

苗期抗性鉴定所用白粉病菌株为E09、E20、E21、E23、E26、Bg1和Bg2, 成株期抗性遗传分析所用白粉菌株为E09。其中E09、E20、E21、E23和E26由中国农业科学院植物保护研究所段霞瑜研究员提供, Bg1和Bg2由中国农业科学院作物科学研究所李洪杰研究员提供, 均在本实验室保存。

1.2 基因组原位杂交

将种子置培养皿中, 在22℃培养箱中萌发, 待根长1~2 cm时剪取根尖, 放入冰水中预处理24 h, 然后用卡诺氏固定液(无水乙醇∶ 冰醋酸=3∶ 1)固定24 h, 在45%醋酸中压片, 液氮冷冻揭片, 放入80℃超低温冰箱保存备用。参照Chang等^[16]描述的方法进行基因组原位杂交(GISH)。用缺刻平移法标记Fluorescent-12-dUTP的中间偃麦草基因组总DNA作为探针, 用普通小麦中国春(CS)基因组DNA作为封阻; 杂交液中探针、封阻DNA的浓度比率为1∶ 120, 用碘化丙啶(PI)复染杂交后的载玻片, 用抗退色剂(antifading agent)封片, 用莱卡RA-2型荧光显微镜(Leica Microsystems, 德国)观察杂交信号并拍照。

1.3 抗病性鉴定

1.3.1 苗期鉴定将中间偃麦草、TAI8335、CH7124及各小麦亲本分别播于纸杯内, 放在长70 cm、宽50 cm、高20 cm的塑料盒中, 罩上透明塑料棚以防交叉污染, 在自然光照、温度15~22℃下待小麦植株生长至第1片叶完全展开后, 用扫拂法充分接种白粉菌菌株E09、E20、E21、E23、E26、Bg1和Bg2的分生孢子, 每个塑料盒接种一个菌株。7~ 10 d后当感病对照京双16充分发病时, 采用0~4级标准调查第1片叶的反应型^[17], 其中0级为免疫, 0; 级为近免疫, 1、2、3和4级分别代表高抗、抗、感和高感类型。

1.3.2 群体成株期鉴定 2013年在温室内, 对SY95-71/CH7124的F₆群体, 以及CH7124/绵阳11的F₁和F₂群体接种白粉病菌株E09, 鉴定成株期抗性。于11月上旬单粒播种供试材料, 行长1.2 m, 行宽25 cm, 每隔10行设置一行感病对照(京双16), 每隔15行设置一行诱发材料(SY95-71)。从拔节期开始, 在感病对照和诱发材料上接种E09。

当病菌大量繁殖后, 采集菌种抖洒在待鉴定材料叶片上, 同时借助诱发行诱发感染。按叶部病害0~9级法进行抗病性分级, 在小麦抽穗期和开花期各调查一次, 以发病最重的一次作为最终抗性评价依据。其中0级为免疫, 0; 级为近免疫, 1~2级为高抗, 3~4级为中抗, 5~6级为中感, 7~8级为高感, 9级为极感。将0~4级记为抗病, 5~9级记为感病^[18]。根据F₁、F₂和F₆家系植株的抗性表现和分离比例, 确定CH7124中所含抗白粉病基因的数目和显隐性, 用SAS8.0作卡方适合性检测。

1.4 SSR标记分析

在三叶期剪取SY95-71/CH7124 F₆单株及其亲本的叶片, 采用SDS法提取基因组总DNA。采用分离群体分组分析法(bulked segregant analysis, BSA)在F₆群体中随机选取来自不同家系的10株抗病植株和10株感病植株, 分别将其DNA等量混合建立抗病池和感病池。

根据GrainGenes (http://www.wheat.pw.usda.gov/)公布的引物序列, 选取569对分布于小麦21条染色体的SSR引物^[19]先后在亲本材料和抗感池间筛选多态性。根据初筛结果, 增补差异标记所在染色体上的其他多态性SSR引物, 利用作图群体进行目标基因的连锁分析。根据初步定位结果, 利用作图群体的亲本和抗感池, 对目标基因所在染色体臂上的已知抗白粉病基因的连锁标记进行多态性鉴定。

PCR总体系为20 μ L, 含2 μ L 10× buffer (10 mmol L^-1 Tris-HCl, pH 8.3, 50 mmol L^-1 KCl, 1.5 mmol L^-1 MgCl₂)、0.2 mmol L^-1 dNTP、1 U Taq酶、0.25 μ mol L^-1引物(由北京华大基因公司合成)和100 ng模板DNA。反应扩增程序为94℃变性5 min; 94℃变性45 s, 50~60℃ (因引物不同而异)复性45 s, 72℃延伸 1 min, 共35个循环; 72℃延伸10 min。对扩增产物用8%非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶(Acr与Bis质量比为29∶ 1)电泳, 经硝酸银染色后观察照相。

1.5 连锁分析

用Kosambi函数计算分子标记与目标基因的遗传距离(cM), 使用JoinMap 4.0软件构建遗传连锁图谱。

2 结果与分析

2.1 CH7124的苗期接种鉴定

野生亲本中间偃麦草和TAI8335对所有菌株表现免疫(IT=0)或近免疫(IT=0; ), CH7124的抗病表现与TAI8335和中间偃麦草相似(表1)。CH7124对E09、E21、E23、E26、Bg1表现免疫或近免疫, 对Bg2表现高抗(IT=1); TAI8335和CH7124的3个小麦亲本晋春5号、晋麦33、冀麦26均感白粉病(IT = 3~4)。

表1 供试材料苗期对7个小麦白粉菌菌株的抗性反应 Table 1 Seedling infection types in selected donor lines, parents and the controls to seven Bgtpathotypes

2.2 GISH鉴定

以中间偃麦草基因组DNA为探针、中国春基因组DNA为封阻, 对CH7124根尖细胞的染色体进行基因组原位杂交。共观察到42条蓝色的完整染色体, 并未发现黄绿色的中间偃麦草染色体或片段。

表2 小麦CH7124/绵阳11杂交组合不同世代群体对白粉菌菌株E09的成株期抗性分离 Table 2 Segregation of resistance to Bgt pathotypes E09 in different populations derived from the CH7124/Mianyang 11 cross

2.3 成株期抗性遗传分析

CH7124/绵阳11的F₁植株在成株期对白粉病菌株E09免疫或近免疫, 且具有与其抗病亲本CH7124相似的侵染型(IT=0或0; )。在CH7124/绵阳11的F₂群体中, 抗病(免疫、近免疫、高抗和中抗)个体为91株, 感病(高感和极感)个体为31株, 经卡方测验, 抗、感分离比符合3∶ 1的理论比例(χ ²=0.01, P> 0.05)。另外, 在SY95-71/CH7124的F₆群体中, 抗感分离比为59R:53S, 卡方测验符合1∶ 1的理论比例(χ ²=0.16, P> 0.05)。上述结果表明, CH7124对白粉菌E09菌株的成株抗性由1对显性核基因控制, 暂将其命名为PmCH7124。

2.4 PmCH7124基因的分子定位

在所选的569对SSR引物中, 174对(30.6%)在亲本CH7124和SY95-71间存在多态性, 其中只有位于2B上的Xgwm47、Xgwm120和Xwmc332在抗、感池间呈现多态性。再利用2B染色体上的其他53对SSR引物进一步筛选, 发现Xgwm501和Xbacr101在抗、感亲本和抗、感池间有多态性。这5个SSR多态性标记在中国春缺体-四体材料N2A-T2B、N2D-T2A和双端体材料Dt2BL中均能扩增出预期条带, 但在N2B-T2A中无目标产物, 证实与PmCH7124连锁的SSR标记位于2BL上(图1)。

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	图1 与PmCH7124连锁SSR标记的染色体定位Fig. 1 Chromosomal location of SSR markers linked to PmCH7124

利用上述5个连锁标记对SY95-71/CH7124 F₆群体的112个单株进行DNA扩增, 其中抗病单株与抗病亲本和抗病池带型一致, 感病单株与感病亲本和感病池带型一致(图2), 抗、感带型比例符合1∶ 1的分离模式(χ ²=0.11, P> 0.05)。通过连锁分析, 将PmCH7124初步定位于2B染色体长臂(图3)。PmCH7124两侧临近标记为Xgwm501和Xbarc101, 遗传距离分别为1.7 cM和4.5 cM (图3-a)。

	Figure Option View Download New Window
	图2 PmCH7124侧翼SSR标记Xbarc101 (a)和Xgwm501(b)在SY95-71/CH7124 F₆群体中的扩增图谱Fig. 2 Amplification profiles of Xbarc101 (a) and Xgwm501(b), the flanking SSRs of PmCH7124 in SY95-71/CH7124 F₆ population

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	图3 PmCH7124的遗传定位(a)及其与已有SSR标记图谱(b)^[19]和物理图谱(c)^[8]的比较Fig. 3 Genetic mapping of PmCH7124(a) and comparison with genetic map with SSR markers (b) and physical maps (c)

选取小麦2BL染色体上的已知抗白粉病基因Pm6、Pm33、PmJM22、MlZec1、MlAB10和MlLX99的连锁标记进行多态性鉴定显示, 与Pm6紧密连锁的标记XCINAU123和XCINAU127^[20]在群体亲本SY95-71和CH7124间存在差异, 但在抗、感池中无多态性(表3)。此外, Xwmc317 (Pm33) ^[4]、Xwmc149 (PmJM22) ^[5]、Xwmc356 (MlZec1) ^[6]和Xwmc445 (MlAB10) ^[7]在亲本和抗、感池间均无差异, 与PmCH7124不连锁。而在MlLX99的5个连锁标记中, Xgwm120和Xgwm47与PmCH7124连锁。Xgwm120、Xgwm47与MlLX99的遗传距离分别为2.9 cM和16.6 cM ^[8], 在本实验中与PmCH7124的遗传距离分别为6.2 cM和3.7 cM (图3-a)。

表3 小麦2BL上其他抗病基因连锁标记在SY95-71/CH7124 F₆作图群体中的多态性 Table 3 Polymorphism of SSR markers associated with known Bgt resistance genes on chromosome 2BL in the SY95-71/CH7124 F₆ mapping population

3 讨论

3.1 CH7124的选育及应用

由于小麦白粉病病原菌致病型多、变异快, 大多数小麦抗病品种在推广应用3~5年即开始丧失抗性。曾被广泛应用的Pm8在20世纪80年代丧失抗性, 对E09、Bg1、Bg2、E23、E26等菌株均感病; Pm4a也逐渐开始对E20、E21、E26等菌株感病^{[4, 21]}。目前抗谱较广且抗性最稳定的Pm21, 也有可能由于广泛用于育种而导致新型致病菌菌株的出现。

CH7124是以八倍体小偃麦TAI8335为抗病亲本与普通小麦杂交、回交选育的品系, 具有与普通小麦一致的染色体数目, 细胞学稳定性强, 其所含的抗白粉病基因PmCH7124对E09、E20、E21、E23和E26菌株均表现免疫, 对Bg1和Bg2表现近免疫或高抗, 因此可作为一个白粉病新抗源用于小麦品种改良或抗病种质创新。但由于单基因遗传行为及其所具有的垂直抗性极有可能被以后新的致病类型菌株所克服, 因此在利用PmCH7124时应考虑与其他有效抗病基因相结合, 以便延长该基因资源的使用寿命。

3.2 PmCH7124的基因来源

八倍体小偃麦TAI8335 (ABD+J+J^s+St)的外源基因组包含其野生亲本中间偃麦草(JJJ^sJ^sStSt)的所有染色体类型^[16], 其中, St组染色体上可能不含抗白粉病基因^[22]。抗谱鉴定表明, CH7124与TAI8335及中间偃麦草具有相似的侵染型, 而其所有小麦亲本均高感白粉病, 表明抗白粉病基因很可能来自异源六倍体中间偃麦草Z1141的J组或J^s组染色体。但是在CH7124中并未检测到外源杂交信号, 这可能由于中间偃麦草的J/J^s基因组与小麦染色体存在较高的同源性^[23], 加之偃麦草染色体携带的促配基因^[24], 使得在导入外源基因的过程中, J/J^s组染色体与小麦染色体之间能发生高水平的染色体配对, 并使重组后的染色体在结构上更接近于小麦, 导致对外源片段往往难以用细胞学方法识别。类似结果也曾被报道过^{[25, 26, 27]}。我们曾利用PmCH7124两侧的连锁标记Xbarc101和Xgwm501对Z1141和TAI8335进行DNA扩增, 未观测到一致的抗性带型, 因此, PmCH7124的来源还需进一步证实。

3.3 PmCH7124与2B染色体上已知抗白粉病基因的关系

本研究利用分子标记将PmCH7124定位于小麦的2B染色体长臂上。迄今, 小麦2BL染色体上的已知抗白粉病基因有Pm6、Pm33、PmJM22、MlZec1、MlAB10和MlLX99。其中, Pm6来源于提莫菲维小麦(T. timopheevii), 对白粉菌菌株Bg1、Bg2和E23表现感病^[17], 而PmCH7124则对Bg1、Bg2和E23分别表现近免疫、高抗和免疫; 而且Pm6的连锁标记XCINAU123和XCINAU127与PmCH7124不连锁, 说明PmCH7124与Pm6不是同一基因。Pm33来源于波斯小麦(T. carthlicum), 对白粉菌菌株Bg2和E20表现感病^{[8, 28]}, 而PmCH7124对Bg2和E20分别表现高抗和免疫; Pm33的连锁标记Xwmc317与PmCH7124不连锁, 所以二者也不相同。来源于普通小麦(T. aestivum)品种济麦22的PmJM22和来源于野生二粒小麦(T. dicoccoides)的MlZec1、MlAB10均被定位在2BL-6-0.89-1区间, 与Pm6和Pm33位于同一区段^{[5, 8]}(图3-c)。根据分子标记鉴定结果, 这3个基因的连锁标记均不与PmCH7124连锁, 因此PmCH7124也不同于PmJM22、MlZec1和MlAB10。

MlLX99来自普通小麦品种良星99 (济91102/鲁麦14//PH85-16), 被定位于2BL2-0.36-0.50区间^[8], 已被正式命名为Pm52 (李洪杰, 私人通讯, 2014)。分子鉴定表明, MlLX99的2个连锁标记Xgwm120、Xgwm47与PmCH7124连锁, 遗传距离分别为6.2 cM和3.7 cM。由于PmCH7124与MlLX99的抗性来源不同, 因此, 推测两者可能为1对等位基因, 但需要通过等位性分析予以验证。

总之, 从抗病基因的抗谱、抗性来源、物理图谱位置和连锁标记分子鉴定等方面来看, PmCH7124不同于2BL上的Pm6、Pm33、PmJM22、MlZec1、MlAB10和MlLX99, 很可能是MlLX99的等位基因。

4 结论

小麦-中间偃麦草渗入系新种质CH7124对白粉病菌E09免疫, 成株期抗性表现受1对显性核基因PmCH7124控制。该基因被初步定位在小麦2B染色体长臂上, 位于SSR标记gwm501和barc101之间, 遗传距离分别为1.7 cM和4.5 cM, 并且不同于2BL上已报道的其他白粉病抗病基因。

致谢: 山西省农业科学院植物保护研究所原宗英研究员对抗性鉴定给予大力帮助和指导, 谨致谢忱。

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

参考文献

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1995

2.455

0.0

... 发掘抗病基因、培育和推广抗病品种是减少白粉病损失最经济有效的方法^[1] ...

... 此外, PmJM22^[5]、MlZec1^[6]、MlAB10^[7]和MlLX99^[8]等抗白粉病基因也被定位在2BL上 ...

2013

1.847

0.0

Mohler

, Bauer

, Schweizer

, Kempf

, Hartl

Pm50: a new powdery mildew resistance gene in common wheat derived from cultivated emmer.

J Appl Genet, 2013, 54: 259-263

Abstract Fungal diseases of wheat, including powdery mildew, cause significant crop, yield and quality losses throughout the world. Knowledge of the genetic basis of powdery mildew resistance will greatly support future efforts to develop and cultivate resistant cultivars. Studies were conducted on cultivated emmer-derived wheat line K2 to identify genes involved in powdery mildew resistance at the seedling and adult plant growth stages using a BC 1 doubled haploid population derived from a cross between K2 and susceptible cultivar Audace. A single gene was located distal to microsatellite marker Xgwm294 on the long arm of chromosome 2A. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis indicated that the gene was also effective at the adult plant stage, explaining up to 79.0 % of the variation in the progeny. Comparison of genetic maps indicated that the resistance gene in K2 was different from Pm4 , the only other formally named resistance gene located on chromosome 2AL, and PmHNK54 , a gene derived from Chinese germplasm. The new gene was designated Pm50 .

1. Institute for Crop Science and Plant Breeding, Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture, Am Gereuth 8, 85354, Freising, Germany 2. Secobra Saatzucht GmbH, Feldkirchen 3, 85368, Moosburg, Germany

... 迄今为止, 国内外已在小麦基因组的46个基因座(Pm1~Pm50、Pm18 = Pm1c、Pm22 = Pm1e、Pm23 = Pm4c、Pm31 = Pm21)鉴定出60多个正式命名的抗白粉病基因^[2], 其中, Pm6^[3]和Pm33^[4]被定位在小麦染色体2BL上 ...

2000

3.658

0.0

Tao

, Liu

, Feng

, Chen

Genetic mapping of the powdery mildew resistance gene Pm6 in wheat by RFLP analysis.

Theor Appl Genet, 2000, 100: 564-568

Pm6 in bread wheat ( Triticum aestivum L . ), which was transferred from Triticum. timopheevii L ., is a gene conferring resistance to the powdery mildew disease caused by Erysiphe graminis f. sp . tritici. Six near-isogenic lines ( NILs ) of Pm6 in a cultivar ’Prins’ background were analyzed to map this gene using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Each of the six NILs possessed a T. timopheevii -derived segment, varying in length, and associated with powdery mildew resistance. Lines IGV1–465 (FAO163b/ 7*Prins) and IGV1–467 (Idaed 59B/7*Prins) had the shortest introgressed segments, which were detected only by DNA probes BCD135 and PSR934, respectively. The polymorphic loci detected by both probes were mapped to the long arm of chromosome 2B. Lines IGV1–458 (CI13250/7*Prins) and IGV1–456 (CI12559/8*Prins) contained the longest T. timopheevii segments involving both arms of donor chromosome 2G across the centromere. All these introgressed segments had an overlapping region flanked by the loci xpsr934 and xbcd135 on 2BL. Thus, Pm6 was located in this region since the powdery mildew resistance in all the NILs resulted from the introgressed fragments. Using the F 2 mapping population from a cross of IGV1–463 (PI170914/7*Prins)×Prins, Pm6 was shown to be closely linked to the loci xbcd135 and xbcd266 at a genetic distance of 1.6 cM and 4.8 cM, respectively. BCD135 was successfully used in detecting the presence of Pm6 in different genetic backgrounds.

1.Key Open Laboratory of Agriculture Ministry for Crop Cytogenetics, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China e-mail: djliu@public1.ptt.js.cn CN CN 2.Institute for Application Atomic Energy, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China CN CN

2005

1.668

0.0

... 此外, Xwmc317 (Pm33) ^[4]、Xwmc149 (PmJM22) ^[5]、Xwmc356 (MlZec1) ^[6]和Xwmc445 (MlAB10) ^[7]在亲本和抗、感池间均无差异, 与PmCH7124不连锁 ...

... Pm4a也逐渐开始对E20、E21、E26等菌株感病^[4,21] ...

2009

0.0

1.667

殷贵鸿, 李根英, 何中虎, 刘建军, 王辉, 夏先春. 小麦新品种济麦22抗白粉病基因的分子标记定位. 作物学报, 2009, 35: 1425-1431

Yin G

, Li G

, He Z

, Liu J

, Wang

, Xia X

Molecular mapping of powdery mildew resistance gene in wheat cultivar Jimai 22.

Acta Agron Sin, 2009, 35: 1425-1431 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Wheatpowdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici , is one of the most important diseases of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) worldwide. Breeding resistant wheat cultivars is the most economical and effective approach to control the disease. Jimai 22, a newly released wheat cultivar with high yield, broad adaptability, and good quality , is related to broad-sprectrum resistance to the isolates of B. graminis f. sp. tritici at both seedling and adult plant stages. To map the resistance gene of Jimai 22 on wheat chromosome, we used a highly virulent isolate E20 to screen the F 2 plants and F 2:3 lines derived from the cross of Jimai 22/Chinese Spring. Genetic analysis indicated that Jimai 22 carried a single dominant genefor resistance to powdery mildew, designated PmJM22 tentatively. Using bulked segregant analysis (BSA) with SSR and STS markers, PmJM22 was located to chromosome 2BL. Linkage analysis indicated that the resistance gene was linked to four SSR and five EST markers, with genetic distances from 7.7 ( Xwmc149 ) to 31.3 cM ( Xbarc101 ).Based on the origins, chromosome locations, and reaction patterns, PmJM22 is different from all the known powdery mildew resistance genes Pm6 , Pm26 , Pm3 3 , and Mlzec1 on chromosome 2BL .

1 College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; 2 Institute of Crop Sciences / National Wheat Improvement Center/ National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; 3 Zhoukou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhoukou 466001, China; 4 Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; 5 CIMMYT China Office, Beijing 100081, China

为明确济麦 22 携带抗白粉病基因的染色体位置，利用济麦 22 与感病亲本中国春杂交，用小麦白粉菌 ( Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici ) 强毒性小种 E20 对 F 2 抗、感分离群体和 F 2:3 家系进行抗病鉴定和遗传分析。结果表明，济麦 22 携带 1 个显性抗白粉病基因 , 暂被命名为 PmJM22 。运用 SSR 和 EST 标记及分离群体分组分析法 ( bulked segregant analysis, BSA ) ，将其定位在 2BL 染色体上，与 4 个 SSR 和 5 个 EST 标记间的连锁距离为 7.7 cM ( Xwmc149 ) 到 31.3 cM ( Xbarc101 ) 。通过分析 2BL 上其他抗白粉病基因的来源、染色体位置和抗性反应，认为 PmJM22 不同于 Pm6 、 Pm26 、 Pm3 3 和 MlZec1 。

... 此外, PmJM22^[5]、MlZec1^[6]、MlAB10^[7]和MlLX99^[8]等抗白粉病基因也被定位在2BL上 ...

... 此外, Xwmc317 (Pm33) ^[4]、Xwmc149 (PmJM22) ^[5]、Xwmc356 (MlZec1) ^[6]和Xwmc445 (MlAB10) ^[7]在亲本和抗、感池间均无差异, 与PmCH7124不连锁 ...

... 89-1区间, 与Pm6和Pm33位于同一区段^[5,8](图3-c) ...

2005

0.0

... 此外, PmJM22^[5]、MlZec1^[6]、MlAB10^[7]和MlLX99^[8]等抗白粉病基因也被定位在2BL上 ...

... 此外, Xwmc317 (Pm33) ^[4]、Xwmc149 (PmJM22) ^[5]、Xwmc356 (MlZec1) ^[6]和Xwmc445 (MlAB10) ^[7]在亲本和抗、感池间均无差异, 与PmCH7124不连锁 ...

2010

1.513

0.0

... 此外, PmJM22^[5]、MlZec1^[6]、MlAB10^[7]和MlLX99^[8]等抗白粉病基因也被定位在2BL上 ...

... 此外, Xwmc317 (Pm33) ^[4]、Xwmc149 (PmJM22) ^[5]、Xwmc356 (MlZec1) ^[6]和Xwmc445 (MlAB10) ^[7]在亲本和抗、感池间均无差异, 与PmCH7124不连锁 ...

2013

3.658

0.0

... 此外, PmJM22^[5]、MlZec1^[6]、MlAB10^[7]和MlLX99^[8]等抗白粉病基因也被定位在2BL上 ...

... 6 cM ^[8], 在本实验中与PmCH7124的遗传距离分别为6 ...

... carthlicum), 对白粉菌菌株Bg2和E20表现感病^[8,28], 而PmCH7124对Bg2和E20分别表现高抗和免疫 ...

... 89-1区间, 与Pm6和Pm33位于同一区段^[5,8](图3-c) ...

... 50区间^[8], 已被正式命名为Pm52 (李洪杰, 私人通讯, 2014) ...

1997

1.175

0.0

... 然而, 由于小麦白粉病病原菌致病型多, 毒性基因变异快, 大多数抗病品种在推广应用3~5年即开始丧失抗性^[9] ...

2009

2.076

1.323

Li H

, Wang X

Thinopyrumponticum and Th. intermedium: the promising source of resistance to fungal and viral diseases of wheat.

J Genet Genomics, 2009, 36: 557-565

Abstract Thinopyrum ponticum and Th. intermedium provide superior resistance against various diseases in wheat ( Ttricum aestivum ). Because of their readily crossing with wheat, many genes for disease resistance have been introduced from the wheatgrasses into wheat. Genes for resistance to leaf rust, stem rust, powdery mildew, Barley yellow dwarf virus , Wheat streak mosaic virus , and its vector, the wheat curl mite, have been transferred into wheat by producing chromosome translocations. These genes offer an opportunity to improve resistance of wheat to the diseases; some of them have been extensively used in protecting wheat from damage of the diseases. Moreover, new resistance to diseases is continuously detected in the progenies of wheat- Thinopyrum derivatives. The present article summaries characterization and application of the genes for fungal and viral disease-resistance derived from Th. ponticum and Th. intermedium .

... 此外, PmJM22^[5]、MlZec1^[6]、MlAB10^[7]和MlLX99^[8]等抗白粉病基因也被定位在2BL上 ...

... 中间偃麦草(Thinopyrum intermedium, 2n = 42, JJJ^sJ^sStSt)是多年生小麦野生近缘植物, 对小麦白粉病、锈病等病害表现免疫或高抗^[10] ...

2005

1.643

0.0

Liu S

, Wang H

Characterization of a wheat-Thinopyron intermedium substitution line with resistance to powdery mildew.

Euphytica, 2005, 143: 229-233

Among the progenies of a hybrid between common wheat Triticum aestivum L. cv. Yannong 15 and Thinopyron intermedium , plant E99018 was identified with the chromosome number 2 n = 42 and stable agronomic traits. An analysis of the metaphase chromosome pairing indicated that it formed 21 bivalents but that 2 univalents were present in the F 1 hybrid of this plant with common wheat. Resistance verification by race 15 and with mixed races of Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici at the seedling and adult stages showed that at both stages, the plant was immune to powdery mildew. In situ hybridization with the genomic Th. intermedium and the St genome DNAs as probes and wheat DNA as a block has shown that it contained a pair of Th. intermedium chromosomes. On the basis of the hybridization pattern of the St genome probe to the critical chromosome, a conclusion was reached that this pair of chromosomes belonged to the E genome. Therefore, plant E99018 was a spontaneously formed substitution line. An analysis by 116 SSR markers indicated that the substituted wheat chromosome was 2D and the most likely substitution in E99018 is 2E(2D).

1.Agronomy College of Shandong Agricultural University Tai’an China 271018

... 近几年, 已从普通小麦与中间偃麦草的杂交后代中获得抗白粉病的小偃麦异附加系、异代换系、易位系^[11,12], 并从普通小麦与中间偃麦草的杂交后代中鉴定出抗白粉病新基因Pm40^[13]、Pm43^[14]和pmCH83^[15] ...

2012

0.0

1.1628

... CH7124是八倍体小偃麦TAI8335与感白粉病的普通小麦品种晋麦33杂交、再与冀麦26回交得到的新品系^[12], 经温室接种鉴定, 对白粉病表现免疫 ...

2009

3.658

0.0

Luo

, Luo

, Chang

, Zhang

, Ren

Characterization and chromosomal location of Pm40 in common wheat: a new gene for resistance to powdery mildew derived from Elytrigia intermedium.

Theor Appl Genet, 2009, 118: 1059-1064

Powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici , is a very destructive wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) disease. Resistance was transferred from Elytrigia intermedium to common wheat by crossing and backcrossing, and line GRY19, that was subsequently selected, possessed a single dominant gene for seedling resistance. Five polymorphic microsatellite markers, Xgwm297 , Xwmc335 , Xwmc364 , Xwmc426 and Xwmc476 , on chromosome arm 7BS, were mapped relative to the powdery mildew resistance locus in an F 2 population of Mianyang 11/GRY19. The loci order Xwmc426 – Xwmc335 – Pm40 – Xgwm297 – Xwmc364 – Xwmc476 , with 5.9, 0.2, 0.7, 1.2 and 2.9 cM genetic distances, was consistent with published maps. The resistance gene transferred from Elytrigia intermedium into wheat line GRY19 was novel, and was designated Pm40 . The close flanking markers will enable marker assisted transfer of this gene into wheat breeding populations.

1.Sichuan Agricultural University State Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics Ya’an Sichuan 625014 China 2.University of Electronic Science and Technology of China School of Life Science and Technology Chengdu Sichuan 610054 China 3.Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Science Institute of Crop Genetics Taiyuan Shanxi 030031 China

2009

3.658

0.0

, Chang

, Yang

, Liu

, Zhan

, Zhang

, Liu

Inheritance and mapping of a powdery mildew resistance gene Pm43 introgressed from Thinopyrum intermedium into wheat.

Theor Appl Genet, 2009, 118: 1173-1180

Powdery mildew resistance from Thinopyrum intermedium was introgressed into common wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). Genetic analysis of the F 1 , F 2 , F 3 and BC 1 populations from powdery mildew resistant line CH5025 revealed that resistance was controlled by a single dominant allele. The gene responsible for powdery mildew resistance was mapped by the linkage analysis of a segregating F 2 population. The resistance gene was linked to five co-dominant genomic SSR markers ( Xcfd233 , Xwmc41 , Xbarc11 , Xgwm539 and Xwmc175 ) and their most likely order was Xcfd233 – Xwmc41 – Pm43 – Xbarc11 – Xgwm539 – Xwmc175 at 2.6, 2.3, 4.2, 3.5 and 7.0 cM, respectively. Using the Chinese Spring nullisomic-tetrasomic and ditelosomic lines, the polymorphic markers and the resistance gene were assigned to chromosome 2DL. As no powdery mildew resistance gene was previously assigned to chromosome 2DL, this new resistance gene was designated Pm43 . Pm43 , together with the identified closely linked markers, could be useful in marker-assisted selection for pyramiding powdery mildew resistance genes.

1.Shanxi University School of Life Science and Technology 030006 Taiyuan Shanxi China 2.Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Crop Genetics 030031 Taiyuan Shanxi China 3.University of Electronic Science and Technology of China School of Life Science and Technology 610054 Chengdu Sichuan China 4.Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Plant Protection 030031 Taiyuan Shanxi China

2013

0.0

1.667

孙翠花, 侯丽媛, 郭慧娟, 张晓军, 贾举庆, 李欣, 詹海仙, 畅志坚. 小麦-中间偃麦草隐形渗入系抗白粉病基因pmCH83的分子定位. 作物学报, 2013, 39: 2107-2114

Sun C

, Hou L

, Guo H

, Zhang X

, Jia J

, Li

, Zhan H

, Chang Z

Molecular mapping of powdery mildew resistance gene pmCH83 in a putative wheat-Thinopyrum intermedium cryptic introgression line.

Acta Agron Sin, 2013, 39: 2107-2114 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Wheat introgression line CH09W83 is immune or highly resistant to wheat powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici ( Bgt ) pathotypes E09, E20, E21, E23, E26, Bg1, and Bg2 at seedling stage in China. This line was derived from the cross between wheat– Thinopyrum intermedium line TAI7047 (resistant) and wheat cultivar Jintai 170 (susceptible). To identify the Bgt resistance gene(s) in CH09W83, we developed segregating populations (F 2 , F 2:3 , and BC 1 ) by crossing/backcrossing CH09W83 with susceptible wheat parents. The result of genetic analysis showed that the adult resistance to Bgt E09 in CH09W83 was controlled by a single recessive gene, which was tentatively designated as pmCH83 . Using the F 2 population of Taichang 29 (susceptible) ´ CH09W83 and 658 pairs of SSR primers, four codominant SSR markers, i.e., Xgwm193 , Xgwm251 , Xwmc652 , and Xgpw7272 , were identified to be linked with pmCH83 according to bulked segregant analysis, and the genetic distances between the target gene and flanking markers were 4.3 cM to Xgwm251 and 3.8 cM to Xwmc652 . Using Chinese Spring itetrasomic and ditelosomic lines, pmCH83 was located on chromosomal arm 4BL of wheat. In combination with evidence of bivalent pairing at metaphase I and GISH, CH09W83 is probably a cryptic wheat– Th. intermedium translocation. Based on pedigree analysis and linkage map, we deduced that pmCH83 is a novel Bgt resistance gene originating from Th. intermedium .

1 Graduate School of Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; 2 Institute of Crop Science, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement on Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Taiyuan 030031, China; 3 College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China

小麦新种质 CH09W83 为八倍体小偃麦 TAI7047 与高感小麦品种晋太 170 杂交、回交后代衍生而来的高代选系，在苗期免疫或高抗我国白粉病菌株 E09 、 E20 、 E21 、 E23 、 E26 、 Bg1 和 Bg2 。为定位 CH09W83 中的抗病基因，将 CH09W83 与感病亲本杂交和回交，通过对 F 1 、 F 2 、 F 2:3 和 BC 1 代的接种鉴定和遗传分析，证实 CH09W83 成株期对 E09 的抗性由 1 对隐性核基因控制，暂命名为 pmCH83 。采用分离群体分组分析法 (bulked segregant analysis, BSA) ，以 658 对 SSR 标记对台长 29( 感病 )× CH09W83 的 F 2 群体分析发现，抗性基因 pmCH83 与 SSR 标记 Xgpw7272 、 Xwmc652 、 Xgwm251 、 Xgwm193 连锁，与两翼邻近标记 Xwmc652 和 Xgwm251 的遗传距离分别为 3.8 cM 和 4.3 cM 。利用中国春缺体 – 四体、双端体将 pmCH83 及其连锁标记定位在 4BL 染色体上。原位杂交、染色体配对及连锁标记分析结果表明， CH09W83 可能是一个小麦与中间偃麦草的隐形异源渗入系。系谱和图谱位置分析表明， pmCH83 很可能是来自中间偃麦草一个新的抗白粉病基因。

2010

0.0

0.928

... 参照Chang等^[16]描述的方法进行基因组原位杂交(GISH) ...

... 2 PmCH7124的基因来源八倍体小偃麦TAI8335 (ABD+J+J^s+St)的外源基因组包含其野生亲本中间偃麦草(JJJ^sJ^sStSt)的所有染色体类型^[16], 其中, St组染色体上可能不含抗白粉病基因^[22] ...

1988

0.0

... 7~ 10 d后当感病对照京双16充分发病时, 采用0~4级标准调查第1片叶的反应型^[17], 其中0级为免疫, 0 ...

... timopheevii), 对白粉菌菌株Bg1、Bg2和E23表现感病^[17], 而PmCH7124则对Bg1、Bg2和E23分别表现近免疫、高抗和免疫 ...

1991

0.0

... 将0~4级记为抗病, 5~9级记为感病^[18] ...

2004

3.658

0.0

Somers D

, Isaac

, Edwards

A high density microsatellite consensus map for bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ).

Theor Appl Genet, 2004, 109: 1105-1114

A microsatellite consensus map was constructed by joining four independent genetic maps of bread wheat. Three of the maps were F 1 -derived, doubled-haploid line populations and the fourth population was Synthetic × Opata , an F 6 -derived, recombinant-inbred line population. Microsatellite markers from different research groups including the Wheat Microsatellite Consortium, GWM, GDM, CFA, CFD, and BARC were used in the mapping. A sufficient number of common loci between genetic maps, ranging from 52 to 232 loci, were mapped on different populations to facilitate joining the maps. Four genetic maps were developed using MapMaker V3.0 and JoinMap V3.0. The software CMap, a comparative map viewer, was used to align the four maps and identify potential errors based on consensus. JoinMap V3.0 was used to calculate marker order and recombination distances based on the consensus of the four maps. A total of 1,235 microsatellite loci were mapped, covering 2,569 cM, giving an average interval distance of 2.2 cM. This consensus map represents the highest-density public microsatellite map of wheat and is accompanied by an allele database showing the parent allele sizes for every marker mapped. This enables users to predict allele sizes in new breeding populations and develop molecular breeding and genomics strategies.

1.Cereal Research Centre Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada 195 Dafoe Rd. Winnipeg MB Canada R3T 2?M9 2.Norwich Research Park IDnagenetics, Hill House Colney Lane Norwich NR4-7UH UK 3.University of Bristol School of Biological Sciences Woodland Rd. Bristol BS8-1UG UK

... gov/)公布的引物序列, 选取569对分布于小麦21条染色体的SSR引物^[19]先后在亲本材料和抗感池间筛选多态性 ...

2011

3.658

0.0

... 选取小麦2BL染色体上的已知抗白粉病基因Pm6、Pm33、PmJM22、MlZec1、MlAB10和MlLX99的连锁标记进行多态性鉴定显示, 与Pm6紧密连锁的标记XCINAU123和XCINAU127^[20]在群体亲本SY95-71和CH7124间存在差异, 但在抗、感池中无多态性(表3) ...

2005

2.455

0.0

... Pm4a也逐渐开始对E20、E21、E26等菌株感病^[4,21] ...

1996

3.658

0.0

... 此外, PmJM22^[5]、MlZec1^[6]、MlAB10^[7]和MlLX99^[8]等抗白粉病基因也被定位在2BL上 ...

2001

3.658

0.0

Chen

, Conner R

, Laroche

, Ahmad

Molecular cytogenetic evidence for a high level of chromosome pairing among different genomes in Triticum aestivum-Thinopyrum intermedium hybrids.

Theor Appl Genet, 2001, 102: 847-852

Intergeneric hybrids (ABDJJ s S genomes) were made between Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring (CS) and Thinopyrum intermedium . Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) using genomic DNA probes from Pseudoroegneria libanotica (Hackel) D.R. Dewey (genome S, 2 n = 14) was used to study chromosome pairing among J, J s , S and wheat ABD genomes in the hybrids. It was shown that in the hexaploid (ABDJJ s S) hybrids, high pairing occurred among wheat chromosomes and among Thinopyrum chromosomes. A closer relationship was observed among the three genomes of Th. intermedium than among the three genomes of T. aestivum . It was further discerned that S genome chromosomes paired with J- and J s -genome chromosomes at a high frequency. The frequency of heterologous pairing between S and J or S and J s chromosomes was higher than those between J and J s chromosomes, indicating that the S-genome was more closely related with these two genomes. Our results provided direct molecular cytogenetic evidence for the hypothesis that S-genome chromosomes are genetically similar to the J-genome chromosomes and, therefore, genetic exchange between these genomes is possible. The discovery of a close relationship among S, J and J s genomes provides valuable markers for molecular cytogenetic analyses using S-genomic DNA probes in monitoring the transfer of useful traits from Thinopyrum species into wheat.

1.Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, P.O. Box 3000, Lethbridge AB T1J 4B1, Canada e-mail: Chenqi@em.agr.ca Fax: +1(403) 382-3156 CA 2.Botany Department, Brandon University, Brandon MB R7A 6A9, Canada LRC Contribution No. 3870051 CA

... 但是在CH7124中并未检测到外源杂交信号, 这可能由于中间偃麦草的J/J^s基因组与小麦染色体存在较高的同源性^[23], 加之偃麦草染色体携带的促配基因^[24], 使得在导入外源基因的过程中, J/J^s组染色体与小麦染色体之间能发生高水平的染色体配对, 并使重组后的染色体在结构上更接近于小麦, 导致对外源片段往往难以用细胞学方法识别 ...

1995

0.0

2004

0.744

0.0

... 类似结果也曾被报道过^[25,26,27] ...

2007

1.513

0.0

... 类似结果也曾被报道过^[25,26,27] ...

2007

3.658

0.0

Kuraparthy

, Chhuneja

, Dhaliwal H

, Kaur

, Bowder R

, Gill B

Characterization and mapping of cryptic alien introgression from Aegilops geniculata with novel leaf rust and stripe rust resistance genes Lr57 and Yr40 in wheat.

Theor Appl Genet, 2007, 114: 1379-1389

Leaf rust and stripe rust are important foliar diseases of wheat worldwide. Leaf rust and stripe rust resistant introgression lines were developed by induced homoeologous chromosome pairing between wheat chromosome 5D and 5M g of Aegilops geniculata (U g M g ) . Characterization of rust resistant BC 2 F 5 and BC 3 F 6 homozygous progenies using genomic in situ hybridization with Aegilops comosa (M) DNA as probe identified three different types of introgressions; two cytologically visible and one invisible (termed cryptic alien introgression). All three types of introgression lines showed similar and complete resistance to the most prevalent pathotypes of leaf rust and stripe rust in Kansas (USA) and Punjab (India). Diagnostic polymorphisms between the alien segment and recipient parent were identified using physically mapped RFLP probes. Molecular mapping revealed that cryptic alien introgression conferring resistance to leaf rust and stripe rust comprised less than 5% of the 5DS arm and was designated T5DL·5DS-5M g S(0.95). Genetic mapping with an F 2 population of Wichita × T5DL·5DS-5M g S(0.95) demonstrated the monogenic and dominant inheritance of resistance to both diseases. Two diagnostic RFLP markers, previously mapped on chromosome arm 5DS, co-segregated with the rust resistance in the F 2 population. The unique map location of the resistant introgression on chromosome T5DL·5DS-5M g S(0.95) suggested that the leaf rust and stripe rust resistance genes were new and were designated Lr57 and Yr40 . This is the first documentation of a successful transfer and characterization of cryptic alien introgression from Ae. geniculata conferring resistance to both leaf rust and stripe rust in wheat.

1.Wheat Genetic and Genomic Resources Center, Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-5502, USA 2.Department of Plant Breeding, Genetics & Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141 004 Punjab India 3.Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, 247667 Uttaranchal India 4.Plant Science and Entomology Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-5502, USA

... 类似结果也曾被报道过^[25,26,27] ...

2012

0.0

1.667

宋凤景, 肖明纲, 黄江, 王晓鸣, 朱振东, 武小菲, . 李洪杰. 12个小麦品种(系)白粉病抗性的遗传分析. 作物学报, 2012, 38: 1339-1345

Song F

, Xiao M

, Huang

, Wang X

, Zhu Z

, Wu X

, Li H

Inheritance of resistance to powdery mildew in 12 wheat varieties (lines).

Acta Agron Sin, 2012, 38: 1339-1345 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Wheat powdery mildew, caused by the biotrophic parasitic fungus Blumeria graminis (DC.) f. sp. tritici E.O. Speer. is one of the most epidemic diseases in many wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) producing regions in China and other parts of the world. The information on inheritance of resistance to powdery mildew in commercial wheat cultivars is important for controlling the disease and developing new resistant cultivars. In the present study, 17 isolates of B. graminis were used to postulate and analyze powdery mildew resistance genes in 12 wheat cultivars at seedling stage. Molecular detection was performed to disclose the presence of Pm2 and Pm8 for powdery mildew resistance. All of the 12 wheat cultivars were resistant to at least 11 tested isolates. Isolates E09, E20, and Bg2 were used to test F 2 populations for analyzing inheritance of powdery mildew resistance in these wheat cultivars. The results demonstrated that single dominant gene(s) was responsible for powdery mildew resistance in these cultivars. The reactions to different isolates of B. graminis and analysis of amplification with Pm2 -linked marker Xcfd81 showed that Pm2 or its allele was most likely present in Liangxing 66. Using ω-secalin gene- and Glu-B1 gene-specific markers on chromosome arms 1RS and 1BS, respectively, the presence of T1BL·1RS translocation chromosome carrying Pm8 was detected in Shannong 20 and Zhengmai 9962. Since Pm8 was not effective against most isolates tested in this study, other unknown genes for powdery mildew resistance could be present in Shannong 20 and Zhengmai 9962 in addition to Pm8 . The reaction patterns of Yanzhan 4110 and Tianmin 668 were identical. The remaining cultivars developed different patterns of reaction to the B. graminis isolates tested.

1 Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing 100081, China; 2 Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China; 3 Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

利用17个不同来源和毒力的白粉菌菌株对12个小麦品种(系)进行苗期抗性鉴定和抗病性遗传分析，同时利用 Pm2 和 Pm8 基因的特异分子标记检测了相应基因。供试的12个品种至少能够抗11个白粉菌菌株。用E09、E20和Bg2菌株接种F 2 群体，抗感植株分离比例和适合性测验证明这12个品种对不同白粉菌菌株的抗性均受1对显性基因控制。抗谱分析和基因紧密连锁分子标记( Xcfd81 )分析表明良星66很可能含有 Pm2 或其等位基因。ω-黑麦碱基因(1RS染色体)和 Glu-B1 基因(1BS染色体)特异分子标记分析结果证明，山农20和郑麦9962含有T1BL·1RS易位染色体，即可能携带 Pm8 基因。由于 Pm8 基因对大多数菌株表现感病，所以这2个品种除 Pm8 外，还具有其他抗病基因。偃展4110与天民668对参试菌株的反应型表现一致，其他材料对不同菌株的反应型表现不同。

... carthlicum), 对白粉菌菌株Bg2和E20表现感病^[8,28], 而PmCH7124对Bg2和E20分别表现高抗和免疫 ...