籼粳交超级稻甬优538的穗部特征及籽粒灌浆特性

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韦还和, 孟天瑶, 李超, 张洪程, 史天宇, 马荣荣, 王晓燕, 杨筠文, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲, 魏海燕, 郭保卫. . 籼粳交超级稻甬优538的穗部特征及籽粒灌浆特性. 作物学报, 2015, 41(12): 1858-1869
WEI Huan-He, MENG Tian-Yao, LI Chao, ZHANG Hong-Cheng, SHI Tian-Yu, MA Rong-Rong, WANG Xiao-Yan, YANG Jun-Wen, DAI Qi-Gen, HUO Zhong-Yang, XU Ke, WEI Hai-Yan, GUO Bao-Wei. . Panicle Traits and Grain-filling Characteristics of Japonica/ Indica Hybrid Super Rice Yongyou 538 . ACTA AGRONOMICA SINICA, 2015, 41(12): 1858-1869 复制到剪切板

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籼粳交超级稻甬优538的穗部特征及籽粒灌浆特性

韦还和¹, 孟天瑶¹, 李超¹, 张洪程^1,^*, 史天宇¹, 马荣荣², 王晓燕³, 杨筠文⁴, 戴其根¹, 霍中洋¹, 许轲¹, 魏海燕¹, 郭保卫¹

¹扬州大学农业部长江流域稻作技术创新中心 / 江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室, 江苏扬州 225009

²浙江省宁波市农业科学院作物研究所, 浙江宁波 315101

³浙江省宁波市种子公司, 浙江宁波 315101

⁴浙江省宁波市鄞州区农业技术服务站, 浙江宁波 315100

^*通讯作者(Corresponding author): 张洪程, E-mail: hczhang@yzu.edu.cn

第一作者联系方式: E-mail: 920964110@qq.com

收稿日期:2015-04-27 接受日期:2015-07-20 网络出版日期:2015-08-12

基金:本研究由农业部超级稻专项(02318802013231), 国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项“粮食作物精确定量栽培技术研究与示范项目”(201303102)和宁波市重大科技项目(2013C11001)资助

摘要

以籼粳交超级稻甬优538为试材, 常规粳稻镇稻18和杂交籼稻中浙优1号为对照, 将穗部分成上部一次枝粳籽粒(UP)、上部二次枝粳籽粒(US)、中部一次枝粳籽粒(MP)、中部二次枝粳籽粒(MS)、下部一次枝粳籽粒(LP)、下部二次枝粳籽粒(LS) 6个部分, 比较不同类型品种的穗部特征和籽粒灌浆特性。结果表明: (1)两年中甬优538平均产量为12.5 t hm^-2, 较中浙优1号和镇稻18分别高17.6%和15.2%; 每穗粒数和群体颖花量以甬优538最高。(2)单穗重和着粒密度以甬优538最高; 甬优538穗部6个部位的籽粒数均显著高于对照品种, 且以上部二次枝粳籽粒和中部二次枝粳籽粒数增加最为明显。(3)甬优538中, UP与MP、MS与US、LP与LS为同步灌浆, 但两两之间为异步灌浆。中浙优1号和镇稻18中, UP、US和MP为同步灌浆, 而UP、US、MP与LP、LS为异步灌浆。品种类型间, 穗部6个部位米粒终极生长量的平均值以镇稻18最高, 最大灌浆速率和平均灌浆速率的平均值为中浙优1号>镇稻18>甬优538, 有效灌浆时间为甬优538>镇稻18>中浙优1号。

关键词: 不同类型品种; 甬优538; 穗部特征; 籽粒灌浆

Panicle Traits and Grain-filling Characteristics of Japonica/ Indica Hybrid Super Rice Yongyou 538

WEI Huan-He¹, MENG Tian-Yao¹, LI Chao¹, ZHANG Hong-Cheng^1,^*, SHI Tian-Yu¹, MA Rong-Rong², WANG Xiao-Yan³, YANG Jun-Wen⁴, DAI Qi-Gen¹, HUO Zhong-Yang¹, XU Ke¹, WEI Hai-Yan¹, GUO Bao-Wei¹

¹ Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation Technology in Yangtze River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture / Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China

² Crop Research Institute, Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo 315101, China

³Ningbo Seed Company of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo 315101, China

⁴Yinzhou District Agricultural Technology Service Station, Ningbo 315100, China

Fund:This study was supported by the Special Program of Super Rice of Ministry of Agricultural (02318802013231), the China Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest (201303102), the Great Technology Project of Ningbo (2013C11001), and the Key Projects of Jiangsu Province (BE2015340)

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted using indica-japonica rice Yongyou 538 as the material, conventional japonica rice Zhendao 18, and hybrid indica rice Zhongzheyou 1 as the check. The panicle was separated into six parts, i.e. upper primary branches (UP), upper secondary branches (US), middle primary branches (MP), middle secondary branches (MS), low primary branches (LP), and low secondary branches (LS). We compared the differences in panicle traits and grain-filling characteristics of different cultivars of rice types. The main results were as follows: (1) Yongyou 538 had an average yield of 12.5 t ha^-1 across two years, which was 17.6% and 15.2% higher than that of Zhongzheyou 1 and Zhendao 18, respectively, Yongyou 538 also had the highest spikelets per panicle and total spikelets among the three varieties. (2) Yongyou 538 had higher grain weight per panicle and grain density, as well as higher number of grains in the six corresponding parts of panicle compared with Zhongzheyou 1 and Zhendao 18, especially in the upper secondary branches and the middle secondary branches of panicle. (3) For Yongyou 538, grain-filling processes were synchronous types between UP and MP, US and MS, and LP and LS, but were asynchronous types between UP and MP, US and MS, and LP and LS. For Zhongzheyou 1 and Zhendao 18, grain-filling processes of UP, US, and MP were synchronous types, while asynchronous types existed between UP, US, MP and LP, LS. Among the varieties, the mean final weight of a kernel in the six parts of the panicle in Zhendao18 was the highest, mean value of maximum grain-filling rate and mean grain-filling rate showed Zhongzheyou 1>Zhendao 18>Yongyou 538, while effective grain-filling period showed Yongyou 538>Zhendao 18>Zhongzheyou 1

Keyword: Different type rice cultivars; Yongyou 538; Panicle traits; Grain-filling characteristics

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水稻籽粒灌浆是影响籽粒产量和稻米品质的重要生理过程^[1]。前人根据颖花开花时期的先后和在穗部着生位置的不同将籽粒划分为强势粒和弱势粒。一般而言, 强势粒着生在稻穗上部、开花早、灌浆快、充实好; 弱势粒则着生在稻穗下部、开花迟、灌浆慢、充实差^[2]。朱庆森等^[3]采用Richards方程对水稻强、弱势粒的灌浆过程进行了拟合, 通过一系列次级参数的求导分析了强、弱势粒的灌浆特性。众多研究者基于Richards方程对不同基因型水稻籽粒灌浆特性的差异进行了大量研究^{[4, 5, 6]}, 同时就栽培措施如水分和养分管理^{[7, 8]}、耕作方式^{[9, 10]}等对水稻籽粒灌浆的影响也进行了深入探讨。

近几年, 我国在籼粳杂交稻的选育工作上取得重要进展, 选育出了一批高产、优质的品种(组合), 如甬优系列^[11]、浙优系列^[12]、春优系列^[13]等。这其中以甬优系列最具代表性, 多个品种(组合)相继在长江中下游创造13.5 t hm^-2以上高产纪录^{[14, 15]}。姜元华等^[16]和许德海等^[17]研究表明, 与生产上大面积种植的常规粳稻和杂交籼稻相比, 甬优系列籼粳杂交稻一般具有10%以上的产量增幅。人们也就甬优系列籼粳杂交稻的高产形成机理进行了相关研究^{[16, 17, 18]}, 较为一致的观点认为穗大粒多是甬优系列籼粳杂交稻产量优势的重要基础。当前关于甬优系列籼粳杂交稻籽粒灌浆特性的研究相对较少, 且与常规粳稻和杂交籼稻相比, 甬优系列籼粳杂交稻在穗部特征、穗部籽粒分布以及籽粒灌浆特性上具有哪些差异, 尚缺乏较为系统的比较研究。此外, 以往关于水稻籽粒灌浆的研究多选取强势粒和弱势粒, 这并不能全面反映穗部不同部位籽粒的灌浆特性, 尤其对于大穗型品种而言。本研究将穗部分成上部一次枝粳籽粒(UP)、上部二次枝粳籽粒(US)、中部一次枝粳籽粒(MP)、中部二次枝粳籽粒(MS)、下部一次枝粳籽粒(LP)、下部二次枝粳籽粒(LS) 6个部分, 比较不同类型品种在6个部位的籽粒分布以及籽粒灌浆特性上的差异, 以明确不同类型水稻品种籽粒灌浆特性的差异及甬优系列籼粳杂交稻籽粒灌浆特征, 从而为籼粳杂交稻高产栽培和籽粒灌浆过程的栽培调控提供理论与实践依据。

1 材料与方法

1.1 试验材料与栽培管理概况

选用籼粳杂交超级稻甬优538, 以常规粳稻镇稻18、杂交籼稻中浙优1号为对照。两年试验过程中, 镇稻18和中浙优1号在同种类型品种中表现出了较好的适应性以及高产、稳产性。2012— 2013年供试品种的主要生育期情况见表1。

表1 主要生育期以及生育阶段天数 Table 1 Development of stage and period of the tested varieties

试验于2012— 2013年在浙江省宁波市鄞州区洞桥镇百梁桥村进行。土壤类型为黄化青紫泥田, pH 5.51、含有机质 38.37 g kg^-1、速效磷 20.14 mg kg^-1、速效钾 78.45 mg kg^-1、水溶性盐总量 0.13 g kg^-1。两年中水稻生长期间的平均温度、日照时数、降雨量见图1。

	Figure Option View Download New Window
	图1 水稻生长期间的平均温度(A)、日照时数(B)和降雨量(C)Fig. 1 Mean temperature (A), sunshine hours (B), and precipitation (C) during the rice growing seasons in 2012 and 2013

采取完全随机区组设计, 小区面积 20 m², 3次重复。小区间作埂隔离, 并用塑料薄膜覆盖埂体, 保证单独排灌。毯苗育秧, 播种期见表1, 秧龄20 d, 栽插株行距为30.0 cm × 13.2 cm。常规粳稻每穴4苗, 杂交籼稻和籼粳杂交稻每穴2苗。对籼粳杂交稻和常规粳稻施纯氮270 kg hm^-2, 杂交籼稻施纯氮225 kg hm^-2, 按基蘖肥∶ 穗粒肥=6∶ 4施用。各小区磷、钾肥施用量一致, 即过磷酸钙(含12% P₂O₅) 1150 kg hm^-2, 全部基施, 钾肥(含60% K₂O) 450 kg hm^-2, 按基蘖肥∶ 穗粒肥=4∶ 6施用。移栽后采用湿润灌溉为主, 建立浅水层; 群体达到目标穗数的80%时搁田, 控制无效分蘖发生; 抽穗扬花期保持田间3 cm水层, 灌浆结实期间歇灌溉, 干湿交替, 收割前7 d断水搁田。病虫害按常规高产栽培要求防治。

1.2 测定项目与方法

1.2.1 籽粒灌浆动态

于抽穗期一次选择并标记同日始花、生长基本一致的稻穗300穗, 自开花至成熟期每隔3 d取标记穗10个, 将每个穗样本分成上部一次枝粳籽粒(UP)、上部二次枝粳籽粒(US)、中部一次枝粳籽粒(MP)、中部二次枝粳籽粒(MS)、下部一次枝粳籽粒(LP)、下部二次枝粳籽粒(LS) 6个部分。先将整穗按一次枝粳数平均分成上、中、下三部分, 遇到不能分的, 则上部和下部取平均数的整数部分, 多余的归为中部。之后将这三部分再按籽粒着粒位置分成一次枝粳籽粒和二次枝粳籽粒。剔除未受精籽粒, 105℃下杀青30 min, 80℃烘72 h至恒重后称重, 并求出减去壳重后的平均米粒重。

1.2.2 穗部特征

取成熟期每小区20穴考察穗部特征, 即穗长、单穗重、每穗粒数、结实率、以及穗部6个部位的籽粒数。

1.2.3 产量

成熟期调查每小区100穴, 计算有效穗数, 取20穴调查每穗粒数、结实率和测定千粒重并计算理论产量; 每小区实产收割面积10 m², 脱粒后晾晒, 并称重。

1.3 数据计算与统计方法

参照朱庆森等^[3]的方法, 采用Richards方法对籽粒灌浆过程进行拟合, 并计算相应的灌浆特征参数, 分析籽粒灌浆特性。以米粒重量W (去除谷壳)为因变量、开花后天数为自变量(开花当天为0), 用非线性最小平方法配成Richards方程:

式中, W为各期米粒重量(mg), A为终极生长量(mg), t为开花后天数(d), B、N、K为方程参数。

最大灌浆速率(mg grain^-1 d^-1)= ,

平均灌浆速率(mg grain^-1 d^-1)= ,

到达最大灌浆速率的时间(d)= ,

有效灌浆时间(d)= 。

灌浆阶段前期(0-t₁)、中期(t₂-t₁)和后期(t₃-t₂)灌浆参数计算公式为:

t₁ (d) = ,

t₂(d) = ,

t₃ (d) = ,

前期平均灌浆速率(mg grain^-1 d^-1) =
,

中期平均灌浆速率(mg grain^-1 d^-1) =
,

后期平均灌浆速率(mg grain^-1 d^-1) =
。

参照姜元华等^[14]的方法, 采用Logistic方法对籽粒灌浆过程进行拟合, 并计算相应的灌浆特征参数, 分析籽粒灌浆特性。以米粒重量W(去除谷壳)为因变量、开花后天数为自变量(开花当天为0), 用非线性最小平方法配成Logistic方程:

式中, W为各期米粒重量(mg), A为终极生长量(mg), t为开花后天数(d), B、K为方程参数。

最大灌浆速率(mg grain^-1 d^-1)= ,

平均灌浆速率(mg grain^-1 d^-1)= ,

到达最大灌浆速率的时间(d)= ,

有效灌浆时间(d)= 。

灌浆阶段前期(0-t₁)、中期(t₂-t₁)和后期(t₃-t₂)灌浆参数计算公式为:

t₁ (d) = ,

t₂ (d) = ,

t₃ (d) = ,

前期平均灌浆速率(mg grain^-1 d^-1) =
,

中期平均灌浆速率(mg grain^-1 d^-1) =
,

后期平均灌浆速率(mg grain^-1 d^-1) =
。

1.4 数据处理

运用Microsoft Excel软件录入数据、计算, 用DPS软件作统计分析。由于2年试验趋势一致, 若无特殊说明, 本文主要以两年数据的平均值进行整理分析。

2 结果与分析

2.1 不同品种产量及其构成因素

由表2可知, 两年中产量均以籼粳杂交稻甬优538最高, 如2012年甬优538较镇稻18和中浙优1号高15.87%和19.05%。分析产量构成因素可知, 每穗粒数和颖花量均以甬优538最高, 穗数和结实率以镇稻18最高, 千粒重则以中浙优1号最高。

表2 产量及其构成因素 Table 2 Grain yield and its components of the tested variety

2.2 不同品种穗部性状

分析穗部性状可知, 单穗重和着粒密度均以甬优538最高, 穗长则以中浙优1号最高。甬优538在穗部6个部位的籽粒数均显著高于镇稻18和中浙优1号, 且以上部二次枝粳和中部二次枝粳的增加最为明显(表3)。

表3 各品种的穗部性状 Table 3 Panicle characteristics of the tested variety

2.3 不同品种籽粒增重动态及拟合方程

由图2可知, 甬优538上部和中部一次枝粳籽粒增重动态较为相似, 中浙优1号和镇稻18的上部和中部一次枝粳籽粒增重动态也较为相似。甬优538上部二次枝粳、中部二次枝粳和下部一次枝粳的籽粒增重曲线更近于直线, 而中浙优1号和镇稻18则为典型的“ S” 曲线(图2)。以开花后天数为自变量, 对应的米粒重为依变量, 对甬优538和对照品种的穗部不同部位的籽粒增重过程进行拟合, 各自最适的拟合曲线见表4。由表4可知, 除了甬优538下部二次枝粳籽粒的灌浆过程用Logistic方程拟合较为适宜外, 其余均以Richards方程拟合较为适宜, 拟合系数一般都在0.990左右。比较方程参数可知, 甬优538和对照品种的穗部6个部位的平均籽粒终极生长量(A)以镇稻18最高, 其次为中浙优1号和甬优538。甬优538的穗部6个部位的籽粒终极生长量则呈UP> MP> US> MS> LP> LS (表4)。

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	图2 各品种的籽粒增重动态(千粒重)Fig. 2 Dynamics of increase in grain weight of the tested varieties

表4 各品种穗部不同部位籽粒灌浆过程的拟合方程 Table 4 Stimulation equations of grain-filling process of different parts in the panicle of the tested varieties

2.4 不同品种籽粒灌浆速率及灌浆特征参数

由图3可知, 中浙优1号上部一次枝粳(UP)、上部二次枝粳(US)和中部一次枝粳(MP)籽粒灌浆速率变化曲线类似, 时间上近于同步, 下部一次枝粳(LP)和下部二次枝粳(LS)籽粒灌浆速率变化曲线也较类似。镇稻18也呈现上述类似规律。甬优538上部一次枝粳籽粒的最大灌浆速率明显高于其他几个部位的籽粒, 上部二次枝粳籽粒、中部二次枝粳籽粒、下部一次枝粳籽粒、下部二次枝粳籽粒在上部一次枝粳籽粒和中部一次枝粳籽粒生长速率下降到十分微小时, 才进入生长高峰期。顾世梁等^[19]根据强、弱势粒达到最大灌浆速率的时间间隔划分同步灌浆与异步灌浆, 提出时间间隔在5~10 d以上的为异步灌浆, 小于5 d的为同步灌浆。由表5可知, 对照品种中, 中浙优1号UP、US和MP为同步灌浆, 而UP、US、MP与LP、LS为异步灌浆。镇稻18也表现类似规律。甬优538中, UP与MP、MS与US、LP与LS均为同步灌浆, 但两两之间为异步灌浆(表5)。

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	图3 各品种籽粒的灌浆速率Fig. 3 Grain filling rate in the tested varieties

就不同穗部部位的最大灌浆速率和平均灌浆速率而言, 甬优538呈UP> MP> MS> US> LP> LS的趋势, 中浙优1号呈UP> MP> US> MS> LP> LS的趋势, 镇稻18则呈UP> US> MP> MS> LP> LS的趋势。穗部6个部位的最大灌浆速率和平均灌浆速率的平均值以中浙优1号最高, 有效灌浆时间则以甬优538最高(表5)。

表5 各品种穗部不同部位籽粒灌浆参数 Table 5 Grain-filling parameters of the tested varieties

根据灌浆速率曲线的两个拐点, 将籽粒灌浆过程划分为前期、中期和后期3个阶段(表6)。由表6可知, 甬优538灌浆阶段前期、中期和后期灌浆天数均呈UP< MP< MS< US< LP< LS的趋势, 中浙优1号呈UP< MP< US< MS< LP< LS的趋势, 镇稻18则呈UP< US< MP< MS< LP< LS的趋势。甬优538穗部6个部位在灌浆前期、中期和后期的平均灌浆量均显著高于中浙优1号和镇稻18。

表6 各品种穗部不同部位籽粒灌浆前、中、后期3个阶段的特征 Table 6 Grain-filling characteristics of early, middle, and late stages for tested varieties

穗部部位 Part in the panicle	前期 Early stage			中期 Middle stage			后期 Late stage
穗部部位 Part in the panicle	天数 Days (d)	平均速率 MGR (mg grain^-1 d^-1)	灌浆量 GF (mg)	天数 Days (d)	平均速率 MGR (mg grain^-1 d^-1)	灌浆量 GF (mg)	天数 Days (d)	平均速率 MGR (mg grain^-1 d^-1)	灌浆量 GF (mg)
中浙优1号 Zhongzheyou 1
上部一次枝粳 UP	7.74	0.9619	149.77	5.28	1.7374	184.06	4.06	0.5298	43.11
上部二次枝粳 US	10.06	0.6423	311.36	5.91	1.4491	410.83	4.77	0.4373	99.94
中部一次枝粳 MP	9.94	0.7267	146.21	5.73	1.5548	180.23	4.42	0.4739	42.32
中部二次枝粳 MS	13.66	0.4941	403.99	8.63	1.0076	520.10	6.85	0.3052	125.09
下部一次枝粳 LP	15.34	0.3982	143.89	10.26	0.7818	189.11	8.27	0.2362	45.92
下部二次枝粳 LS	15.66	0.3263	178.85	9.85	0.7302	251.65	8.31	0.2186	63.70
平均 Mean	12.07 c	0.5916 a	222.35 b	7.61c	1.2102 a	289.33 b	6.11 c	0.3668 a	70.01 b
镇稻18 Zhendao 18
上部一次枝粳 UP	11.39	0.8954	255.76	8.43	1.1131	235.22	5.23	0.3552	46.59
上部二次枝粳 US	13.95	0.5987	93.94	10.16	0.9465	108.11	7.44	0.2913	24.41
中部一次枝粳 MP	15.59	0.4496	194.18	10.30	0.9182	262.04	8.45	0.2761	64.82
中部二次枝粳 MS	14.53	0.5519	314.79	10.28	0.9389	379.16	7.80	0.2871	87.92
下部一次枝粳 LP	19.99	0.3619	177.74	11.90	0.7687	224.63	9.33	0.2334	53.52
下部二次枝粳 LS	21.24	0.2829	172.49	11.37	0.7432	242.80	9.60	0.2225	61.42
平均 Mean	16.12 b	0.5234 b	201.48 c	10.41 b	0.9048 b	241.99 c	7.98 b	0.2776 b	56.45 c
甬优538 Yongyou 538
上部一次枝粳 UP	12.13	0.5711	249.83	7.26	1.2051	315.80	5.70	0.3660	75.34
上部二次枝粳 US	23.14	0.3105	605.04	15.29	0.4738	610.09	10.17	0.1488	127.91
中部一次枝粳 MP	15.57	0.4397	281.81	10.49	0.7861	339.90	7.95	0.2404	78.69
中部二次枝粳 MS	26.79	0.2280	584.42	14.94	0.5168	738.42	11.72	0.1570	176.00
下部一次枝粳 LP	27.98	0.2052	220.99	15.60	0.4652	279.51	12.23	0.1412	66.61
下部二次枝粳 LS	26.55	0.1431	186.39	29.23	0.3551	509.14	36.38	0.0995	177.56
平均 Mean	22.03 a	0.3163 c	354.75 a	15.47 a	0.6337 c	465.48 a	14.03 a	0.1922 c	117.02 a

Values followed by different letters are significantly different at the 5% probability level. UP: upper primary branches; US: upper secondary branches; MP: middle primary branches; MS: middle secondary branches; LP: low primary branches; LS: low secondary branches; MGR: mean grain-filling rate; GF: grain filling.

标以不同字母的值在5%水平差异显著。

表6 各品种穗部不同部位籽粒灌浆前、中、后期3个阶段的特征 Table 6 Grain-filling characteristics of early, middle, and late stages for tested varieties

3 讨论

3.1 不同类型水稻品种生产力的差异及穗部特征

甬优系列籼粳杂交稻已在生产上表现出较高的产量潜力^{[14, 15, 16, 20]}。马荣荣等^[18]研究发现, 甬优6号的产量较秀水63和汕优63分别高出15.49%和11.89%。姜元华等^[16]研究表明, 甬优系列籼粳杂交稻的生产力较常规粳稻和杂交籼稻高出11.94%和19.68%。陆永法等^[21]研究表明, 甬优12产量较中浙优8号、黄华占和秀水09分别高出26.5%、49.6%和63.7%。本试验条件下, 两年中甬优538平均产量为12.5 t hm^-2, 较中浙优1号和镇稻18分别高出17.6%和15.2%。这与目前甬优系列籼粳杂交稻在生产上较为明显的产量优势一致。

较多的每穗粒数是甬优系列籼粳杂交稻产量优势的重要基础^{[16, 17, 18]}。姜元华等^[16]认为甬优系列籼粳杂交稻的着粒密度和单穗重显著高于杂交籼稻和常规粳稻。许德海等^[17]观察到, 与对照品种相比, 甬优6号的穗型大且实谷粒数多。本试验条件下, 甬优538的每穗粒数大致在350粒左右, 中浙优1号和镇稻18则分别为200粒和155粒左右。可见较多的每穗粒数是甬优538产量优势的重要原因。比较穗部特征发现, 两年中甬优538的着粒密度和单穗重分别为15.0粒 cm^-1和6.3 g, 均显著高于对照品种。本文表明甬优538在穗部6个部位的籽粒数均显著高于中浙优1号和镇稻18, 且以上部二次枝粳籽粒数和中部二次枝粳籽粒数的增加最为显著。

3.2 不同类型水稻品种的籽粒灌浆特性

Richards方程和Logistic方程是拟合禾谷类作物(主要指水稻、小麦和玉米)籽粒灌浆的两种主要模型。对水稻籽粒灌浆的拟合一般采用Richards方程^{[3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 19, 22]}, 小麦、玉米籽粒灌浆的拟合多采用Logistic方程^{[23, 24, 25]}。朱庆森等^[3]利用Richards方程对去壳的强、弱势粒灌浆过程进行拟合, 并通过一系列参数的求导, 分析了水稻强、弱势粒的灌浆特性。该方法也被众多研究者所广泛采用^{[4, 5, 6, 7, 8]}。姜元华等^[16]认为Logistic方程对于带壳水稻籽粒的拟合效果好于Richards方程。本研究发现, 镇稻18和中浙优1号穗部6个部位籽粒灌浆过程均以Richards方程拟合效果更好, 甬优538除了下部二次枝粳籽粒灌浆以Logistic方程拟合较好外, 其余部位也以Richards方程拟合效果较好。该结果一方面说明Richards方程对于常规粳稻、杂交籼稻穗部6个部位以及籼粳杂交稻穗部中上部籽粒灌浆过程具有较好的拟合效果, 另一方面也说明Logistic方程对于大穗型品种(如本文中的甬优538)下部二次枝粳籽粒灌浆的拟合效果或许好于Richards方程。

关于水稻籽粒灌浆类型, 顾世梁等^[19]根据强、弱势粒达到最大灌浆速率的时间间隔划分同步灌浆与异步灌浆, 提出时间间隔在5~10 d以上的为异步灌浆, 小于5 d的为同步灌浆。龚金龙等^[5]研究江苏里下河地区大面积种植的杂交籼稻和常规粳稻的灌浆特性差异发现, 杂交籼稻和常规粳稻均为异步灌浆型, 但杂交籼稻两段灌浆现象更为明显。王嘉宇等^[26]以东北地区直立穗型、半直立穗型和弯曲穗型品种为试材, 认为这3种穗型品种籽粒灌浆均为同步灌浆型。杨志远等^[27]认为籽粒灌浆类型与水稻自身遗传特性密切相关, 但不同的种植方式也会改变籽粒灌浆类型。本文以顾世梁等^[19]提出的划分籽粒灌浆类型的方法为依据表明, 中浙优1号和镇稻18的穗部上部一次枝粳籽粒(UP)、上部二次枝粳籽粒(US)和中部一次枝粳籽粒(MP)均为同步灌浆型, UP、US和MP与下部一次枝粳籽粒(LP)、下部二次枝粳籽粒(LS)为异步灌浆型。甬优538中, UP与MP、MS与US、LP与LS为同步灌浆, 但两两之间为异步灌浆。该结果说明, 与镇稻18和中浙优1号相比, 甬优538籽粒多段灌浆现象更为明显。

龚金龙等^[5]认为粳稻的米粒终极生长量、达到最大灌浆速率的时间、灌浆速率最大时的米粒重、活跃灌浆期和有效灌浆时间均高于籼稻。程旺大等^[28]认为散穗型品种的米粒终极生长量高于密穗型品种, 散穗型和密穗型品种强、中势粒起始生长势和最大灌浆速率均较为接近。杨建昌等^[29]认为与常规水种栽培相比, 旱种水稻的最大灌浆速率和平均灌浆速率增大、达到最大灌浆速率的时间提前、活跃灌浆期缩短。本研究中, 米粒终极生长量以镇稻18最高, 穗部6个部位的最大灌浆速率和平均灌浆速率的平均值则呈中浙优1号> 镇稻18> 甬优538, 有效灌浆时间呈甬优538> 镇稻18> 中浙优1号。总体而言, 尽管甬优538灌浆速率偏低, 但依靠较长的有效灌浆时间以及较多的穗粒数, 使得甬优538在灌浆前期、中期和后期的穗部6个部位的灌浆量均显著高于中浙优1号和镇稻18。

3.3 籼粳交超级稻甬优538较高结实率的形态生理特征及栽培调控

此前较多的研究已表明籼粳杂交F₁代每穗粒数多、库容大、产量潜力大, 但由于较低的结实率等问题, 籼粳杂交F₁并未在生产上表现出预期的产量潜力。因此, 如何提高籼粳杂交稻的结实率一直是育种和栽培领域研究的重点^{[30, 31]}。Mohapatra等^[32]、Ohsumi等^[33]的研究表明, 每穗粒数与结实率呈负相关。Yang等^[34]认为通过选择结实率较高的父、母本, 可以组配出结实率较高的大穗型籼粳杂交稻品种。本试验条件下, 甬优538的每穗粒数大致在350粒左右, 显著高于目前生产上种植的常规粳稻和杂交籼稻的每穗粒数(常规粳稻为100~150粒, 杂交籼稻为200~250粒), 同时两年中甬优538的结实率稳定在85%左右, 这说明甬优538较好地实现了每穗粒数和结实率的协同提高。此外, 近几年培育出的籼粳杂交稻种如甬优12^[14]、甬优2640^[15]、春优84^[35]等也都实现了每穗粒数和结实率的同步提高(每穗粒数在250粒以上, 同时结实率稳定在85%以上)。

本研究中, 甬优538在抽穗至成熟阶段的干物质积累量、抽穗至成熟阶段的光合势、单茎绿叶数、根系活力、以及最大茎鞘物质输出量等均显著高于镇稻18和中浙优1号(另文发表), 因此, 灌浆阶段较强的光合物质生产、输出能力是甬优538大库容基础上保持较高结实率的重要形态生理特征。从籽粒灌浆特征来看, 甬优538中, UP与MP、MS与US、LP与LS为同步灌浆, 两两之间为异步灌浆, 这种籽粒灌浆特征显得更为有序, 穗部6个部位的籽粒按UP、MP、US、MS、LP、LS的次序较为分散地依次进入灌浆高峰期, 对灌浆物质的竞争较为缓和, 更能有效充分地利用灌浆物质, 这也是其结实率较高的重要原因。

下部籽粒灌浆充实差一直是影响大穗型品种结实率提高的重要因素^[2]。本文中, 甬优538下部籽粒(LP和LS)的进入灌浆盛期较迟, 有效灌浆时间较长。因此, 在灌浆中、后期, 切勿断水过早, 可采用干湿交替灌溉, 不仅可协调水气, 还可延缓植株及根系早衰, 促使灌浆籽粒充实^[36]。

4 结论

不同类型品种在穗部特征和籽粒灌浆特性上存在较大差异。甬优538的单穗重、每穗粒数和着粒密度显著高于对照, 穗部6个部位的籽粒数也显著高

于对照, 且以上部二次枝粳籽粒和中部二次枝粳籽粒数增加最为明显。甬优538 穗部6个部位中, UP与MP、MS与US、LP与LS为同步灌浆, 两两之间为异步灌浆。尽管甬优538灌浆速率偏低, 但依靠较长的有效灌浆时间以及较多的穗粒数, 提高了穗部的灌浆充实量以及单穗重, 最终产量较高。

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

作者已声明无竞争性利益关系。The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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[14]	王晓燕, 韦还和, 张洪程, 孙健, 张建民, 李超, 陆惠斌, 杨筠文, 马荣荣, 许久夫, 王珏, 许跃进, 孙玉海. 水稻甬优12产量13. 5 t hm^-2以上超高产群体的生育特征. 作物学报, 2014, 40: 2149-2159 Wang X Y, Wei H H, Zhang H C, Sun J, Zhang J M, Li C, Lu H B, Yang J W, Ma R R, Xu J F, Wang J, Xu Y J, Sun Y H. Population characteristics for super-high yielding hybrid rice Yongyou 12 (>13. 5 t ha^-1). Acta Agron Sin, 2014, 40: 2149-2159 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:4]
[15]	胡雅杰, 朱大伟, 钱海军, 曹伟伟, 邢志鹏, 张洪程, 周有炎, 陈厚存, 汪洪洋, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲, 魏海燕, 郭保卫. 籼粳杂交稻甬优2640钵苗机插超高产群体若干特征探讨. 作物学报, 2014, 40: 2016-2027 Hu Y J, Zhu D W, Qian H J, Cao W W, Xing Z P, Zhang H C, Zhou Y Y, Chen H C, Wang H Y, Dai Q G, Huo Z Y, Xu K, Wei H Y, Guo B W. Some characteristics of mechanically transplanted pot seedlings in super high yielding population of indica-japo- nica hybrid rice Yongyou 2640. Acta Agron Sin, 2014, 40: 2016-2027 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:3]
[16]	姜元华, 张洪程, 赵可, 许俊伟, 韦还和, 龙厚元, 王文婷, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲, 魏海燕, 郭保卫. 长江下游地区不同类型水稻品种产量及其构成因素特征的研究. 中国水稻科学, 2014, 28: 621-631 Jiang Y H, Zhang H C, Zhao K, Xu J W, Wei H H, Long H Y, Wang W T, Dai Q G, Huo Z Y, Xu K, Wei H Y, Guo B W. Difference in yield and its components characteristics of different type rice cultivars in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Chin J Rice Sci, 2014, 28: 621-631 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:7]
[17]	许德海, 王晓燕, 马荣荣, 禹盛苗, 朱练峰, 欧阳由男, 金千瑜. 重穗型籼粳杂交稻甬优6号超高产生理特性. 中国农业科学, 2010, 43: 4796-4804 Xu D H, Wang X Y, Ma R R, Yu S M, Zhu L F, Ou-Yang Y N, Qian J Y. Analysis on physiological properties of the heavy panicle type of indica-japonica inter-subspecific hybrid rice Yongyou 6. Sci Agric Sin, 2010, 43: 4796-4804 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:4]
[18]	马荣荣, 许德海, 王晓燕, 禹盛苗, 金千瑜, 欧阳由男, 朱连峰. 籼粳亚种间杂交稻甬优6号超高产株型特征与竞争优势分析. 中国水稻科学, 2007, 21: 281-286 Ma R R, Xu D H, Wang X Y, Yu S M, Jin Q Y, Ou-Yang Y N, Zhu L F. Heterosis on plant morphology of Yongyou 6, an indica-japonica inter-subspecific super high-yielding hybrid rice. Chin J Rice Sci, 2007, 21: 281-286 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:3]
[19]	顾世梁, 朱庆森, 杨建昌, 彭少兵. 不同施氮材料籽粒灌浆特性的分析. 作物学报, 2001, 27: 7-14 Gu S L, Zhu Q S, Yang J C, Peng S B. Analysis on grain filling characteristics for different rice types. Acta Agron Sin, 2001, 27: 7-14 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:4]
[20]	韦还和, 姜元华, 赵可, 许俊伟, 张洪程, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲, 魏海燕, 郑飞. 甬优系列杂交稻品种的超高产群体特征. 作物学报, 2013, 39: 2201-2210 Wei H H, Jiang Y H, Zhao K, Xu J W, Zhang H C, Dai Q G, Huo Z Y, Xu K, Wei H Y, Zheng F. Characteristics of super-high yield population in Yongyou series of hybrid rice. Acta Agron Sin, 2013, 39: 2201-2210 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1]
[21]	陆永法, 马荣荣, 王晓燕, 周华成, 蔡克锋, 唐志明. 超级杂交稻甬优12超高产株型特征分析. 分子植物育种, 2014, 12: 659-668 Lu Y F, Ma R R, Wang X Y, Zhou H C, Cai K F, Tang Z M. Analysis on super high-yielding plant morphology of Yongyou 12, a super hybrid rice combination. Mol Plant Breed, 2014, 12: 659-668 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1]
[22]	杨沈斌, 江晓东, 王应平, 申双和, 石春林, 王萌萌, 陈斐. 基于Richards扩展方程提取水稻灌浆结实温光特性参数. 作物学报, 2014, 40: 1776-1786 Shen X B, Jiang X D, Wang Y P, Shen S H, Shi C L, Wang M M, Chen F. Charactering light and temperature effects on rice grain filling using extended Richards’ equation. Acta Agron Sin, 2014, 40: 1776-1786 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1]
[23]	杨沈斌, 江晓东, 王应平, 申双和, 石春林, 王萌萌, 陈斐. 基于Richards扩展方程提取水稻灌浆结实温光特性参数. 作物学报, 2014, 40: 1776-1786 Shen X B, Jiang X D, Wang Y P, Shen S H, Shi C L, Wang M M, Chen F. Charactering light and temperature effects on rice grain filling using extended Richards’ equation. Acta Agron Sin, 2014, 40: 1776-1786 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1]
[24]	郭明明, 赵广才, 郭文善, 常旭虹, 王德梅, 杨玉双, 王美, 亓振, 王雨, 孙通. 播期对不同筋力型小麦旗叶光合及籽粒灌浆特性的影响. 麦类作物学报, 2015, 35: 192-197 Guo M M, Zhao G C, Guo W S, Chang X H, Wang D M, Yang Y S, Wang M, Qi Z, Wang Y, Sun T. Effect of different sowing dates on characteristics of flag leaf photosynthesis and grain filling of wheat cultivars with different gluent. J Triticeae Crops, 2015, 35: 192-197 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1]
[25]	吴晓丽, 汤永禄, 李朝苏, 吴春, 黄钢, 马蓉. 四川盆地小麦籽粒的灌浆特性. 作物学报, 2014, 40: 337-345 Wu X L, Tang Y L, Li C S, Wu C, Huang G, Ma R. Characteristics of grain filling in wheat growing in Sichuan Basin. Acta Agron Sin, 2014, 40: 337-345 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1]
[26]	王嘉宇, 范淑秀, 徐正进, 陈温福. 几个不同穗型水稻品种籽粒灌浆特性的研究. 作物学报, 2007, 33: 1366-1371 Wang J Y, Fan S X, Xu Z J, Chen W F. Filling properties of grains on different positions in a panicle of rice with different panicle types. Acta Agron Sin, 2007, 33: 1366-1371 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1]
[27]	杨志远, 孙永健, 徐徽, 秦俭, 贾现文, 马均. 栽培方式与免耕对杂交稻II优498灌浆期根系衰老和籽粒灌浆的影响. 中国农业科学, 2013, 46: 1347-1358 Yang Z Y, Sun Y J, Xu H, Qin J, Jia X W, Ma J. Influence of cultivation methods and no-tillage on root senescence at filling stage and grain-filling properties of Eryou 498. Sci Agric Sin, 2013, 46: 1347-1358 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1]
[28]	程旺大, 张国平, 姚海根, 吴伟, 王润屹. 密穗型水稻品种的籽粒灌浆特性研究. 作物学报, 2003, 29: 841-846 Cheng W D, Zhang G P, Yao H G, Wu W, Wang R Y. Studies on the grain-filling properties of compact panicle type of rice. Acta Agron Sin, 2003, 29: 841-846 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1]
[29]	杨建昌, 王国忠, 王志琴, 刘立军, 朱庆森. 旱种水稻灌浆特性与灌浆期籽粒中激素含量的变化. 作物学报, 2002, 28: 615-621 Yang J C, Wang G Z, Wang Z Q, Liu L J, Zhu Q S. Grain-filling characteristics and changes of hormonal content in the grains of dry-cultivated rice during grain-filling. Acta Agron Sin, 2002, 28: 615-621 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1]
[30]	林建荣, 宋昕蔚, 吴明国. 4份籼粳中间型广亲和恢复系的生物学特性及其杂种优势利用. 中国水稻科学, 2012, 26: 656-662 Lin J R, Song X W, Wu M G. Biological characteristics and heterosis utilization of four indica-japonica intermediate type restore lines with wide compatibility. Chin J Rice Sci, 2012, 26: 656-662 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1]
[31]	廖色梅, 尹超, 石书兵, 邓应德, 张海清. 亚种间杂交稻干物质分配及其与筛管结构和细胞活性相关性研究综述. 中国农学通报, 2014, 30(12): 8-13 Liao S M, Yin C, Shi S B, Deng Y D, Zhang H Q. Research review on dry matter distribution and its screens structure and celluar activity relationships of intersubspecific hybrid rice. Chin Agric Sci Bull, 2014, 30(12): 8-13 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1]
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[33]	Ohsumi A, Takai T, Ida M, Yamamoto T, Arai-Sanoh Y, Yano M, Ando T, Kondo M. Evaluation of yield performance in rice near-isogenic lines with increased spikelet number. Field Crops Res, 2011, 120: 68-75 [本文引用:1]
[34]	Yang J C, Peng S B, Zhang Z J, Wang Z Q, Visperas R M, Zhu Q S. Grain and dry matter yields and partitioning of assimilates in japonica/indica hybrid rice. Crop Sci, 2002, 42: 766-772 [本文引用:1]
[35]	禹盛苗, 朱练峰, 张均华, 吴明国, 金千瑜. 杂交粳稻春优84的生育特性及高产栽培技术. 中国稻米, 2014, 20(3): 77-79 Yu S M, Zhu L F, Zhang J H, Wu M G, Jin Q Y. Characteristics and high-yielding cultivation techniques of the new hybrid japonica rice combination Chunyou 84. China Rice, 2014, 20(3): 77-79 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1]
[36]	刘立军, 王康君, 卞金龙, 熊溢伟, 王志琴, 杨建昌. 结实期干湿交替灌溉对籽粒蛋白质含量不同的转基因水稻的生理特性及产量的影响. 中国水稻科学, 2014, 28: 384-390 Liu L J, Wang K J, Bian J L, Xiong Y W, Wang Z Q, Yang J C. Effect of alternate wetting and soil drying irrigation during grain filling on the physiological traits and yield of transgenic rice with different protein content in grains. Chin J Rice Sci, 2014, 28: 384-390 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1]

2011

0.0

李杰, 张洪程, 龚金龙, 常勇, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲, 魏海燕, 高辉. 不同种植方式对超级稻籽粒灌浆特性的影响. 作物学报, 2011, 37: 1631-1641

, Zhang H

, Gong J

, Chang

, Dai Q

, Huo Z

, Xu

, Wei H

, Gao

. Influence of planting methods on grain-filling properties of super rice. Acta Agron Sin, 2011, 37: 1631-1641 (in Chinese with English abstract)

... 水稻籽粒灌浆是影响籽粒产量和稻米品质的重要生理过程^[1] ...

2010

0.0

杨建昌. 水稻弱势粒灌浆机理与调控途径. 作物学报, 2010, 36: 2011-2019

Yang J

. Mechanism and regulation in the filling of inferior spikelets of rice. Acta Agron Sin, 2010, 36: 2011-2019 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Grain filling is the final growth stage in cereals when fertilized ovaries develop into caryopses. The degree and rate of grain filling in rice spikelets differ largely with their positions on a panicle. In general, earlier-flowering superior spikelets, usually located on apical primary branches, fill fast and produce larger and heavier grains. While later-flowering inferior spikelets, usually located on proximal secondary branches, are either sterile or fill slowly and produce smaller grains. The poor grain-filling of inferior spikelets is more aggravated in the new bred “super” rice cultivars that have numerous spikelets on a panicle. Poor filling of inferior spikelets not only limits the realization of great yield potential, but also degrades rice quality, especially milling and apparent qualities. There are many explanations to the poor filling of inferior spikelets, including carbon limitation, sink capacity limitation, unbalance in hormone levels, low activities and/or expressions of enzymes involved in sucrose-to-starch conversion, and “flow” impediment. Recent studies have shown that low physiological activities of sink (grains) at the initial grain filling and low conversion efficiency from sucrose to starch during the active grain filling period contribute to the poor filling of inferior spikelets. It is observed that the ratio of sugar to spikelets at the heading stage (amount of non-structural carbohydrate in the stems and sheaths over the number of spikelets at heading) significantly correlats with the physiological activities of sink, and the ratio of abscisic acid (ABA) to 1-aminocylopropane -1-carboxylic acid (ACC, a precursor of ethylene) significantly correlats with the grain filling rate, indicating that increases in the ratios of sugar to spikelets and of ABA to ethylene would be two important regulatory approaches to improve the filling of inferior spikelets. Further studies are essential by investigating how environmental factors (including cultivation techniques), factors of the whole plant, and factors within the spikelets regulate the filling of inferior spikelets. A deep understanding of the regulation mechanism that limits the filling of inferior spikelets would lead to efforts that could greatly enhance grain filling and, consequently, increase the yield performance of rice.

水稻籽粒充实优劣和粒重高低与颖花在穗上着生的部位有密切关系。通常, 着生在稻穗中上部早开花的强势粒, 灌浆快、充实好、粒重高; 着生在稻穗下部迟开花的弱势粒, 灌浆慢、充实差、粒重低。这种强、弱势粒灌浆的差异在大穗型超级稻品种上表现更为突出。弱势粒充实差和粒重低不仅阻碍了水稻产量潜力的发挥, 而且还会降低稻米品质, 尤其是加工品质和外观品质。关于弱势粒灌浆差的机理有许多假设, 包括同化物供应限制、库容限制、激素间不平衡、蔗糖-淀粉代谢途径关键酶活性或基因表达量低、“流”不畅等。最近研究表明, 灌浆始期籽粒库生理活性低和活跃灌浆期蔗糖转化为淀粉的生化效率低是弱势粒灌浆差的重要原因; 增加抽穗期糖花比(抽穗期茎与鞘中非结构性碳水化合物与颖花数之比)及灌浆期脱落酸与乙烯比值可以显著提高籽粒库生理活性和籽粒灌浆速率。从环境(含栽培)、植株整体水平以及籽粒内在因素等不同层次上深入研究水稻弱势粒灌浆差的机理及其调控途径, 对于破解弱势粒灌浆差的科学难题、挖掘水稻生产潜力具有十分重要的意义。

... 弱势粒则着生在稻穗下部、开花迟、灌浆慢、充实差^[2] ...

... 下部籽粒灌浆充实差一直是影响大穗型品种结实率提高的重要因素^[2] ...

1988

0.0

朱庆森, 曹显祖, 骆亦其. 水稻籽粒灌浆的生长分析. 作物学报, 1988, 14: 182-193

Zhu Q

, Cao X

, Luo Y

. Growth analysis on the process of grain filling in rice. Acta Agron Sin, 1988, 14: 182-193 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Richards equation W=A/(1+Be~(-kt)) 1/N was used to describe theweight increasing of the strong and the weak grains of six rice varieties(including hybrids).According to N values in the equation of theweak grain,the grain-filling processes of the six rice varieties fall intotwo types,one was synchron

用 Richards 方程 W=A/(1+Be~(-kt))1/N 配合农垦57号、汕优63号等6个品种(含杂种)强、弱势粒的籽粒增重资料。依弱势粒配得方程的 N 值,将此6个水稻品种的籽粒灌浆状况分为两个类型,即:01的异步灌浆型。并据籽粒生长速率曲线的两个拐点,将籽粒灌浆过程划分为:前,中(盛)、后(至90%A 止)3个期。同时导出:起始生长势 Ro=K/N,生

... 朱庆森等^[3]采用Richards方程对水稻强、弱势粒的灌浆过程进行了拟合, 通过一系列次级参数的求导分析了强、弱势粒的灌浆特性 ...

... 3 数据计算与统计方法参照朱庆森等^[3]的方法, 采用Richards方法对籽粒灌浆过程进行拟合, 并计算相应的灌浆特征参数, 分析籽粒灌浆特性 ...

... 对水稻籽粒灌浆的拟合一般采用Richards方程^{[3,4,5,6,7,19,22]}, 小麦、玉米籽粒灌浆的拟合多采用Logistic方程^[23,24,25] ...

... 朱庆森等^[3]利用Richards方程对去壳的强、弱势粒灌浆过程进行拟合, 并通过一系列参数的求导, 分析了水稻强、弱势粒的灌浆特性 ...

2012

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李旭毅, 池忠志, 姜心禄, 郑家国. 成都平原两熟区籼粳稻品种籽粒灌浆特性. 中国农业科学, 2012, 45: 3256-3264

Li X

, Chi Z

, Jiang X

, Zheng J

. Analysis on grain filling characteristics of indica and japonica rice in rapeseed (wheat)-rice planting area in Chengdu Basin. Sci Agric Sin, 2012, 45: 3256-3264 (in Chinese with English abstract)

【Objective】In order to provide a scientific basis for planting japonica rice in Chengdu basin, the difference in grain filling characteristics and yield formation between indica and japonica rice was studied in rapeseed (wheat) - rice planting area in Chengdu basin.【Method】A field experiment was conducted with indica rice varieties Fuyou 838 and Luyou 578, japonica rice varieties Liaoxing 15 and Liaoxing 19. The grain-filling processes of superior and inferior grains of different varieties were studied with Richards equation. On that basis, the relationship between grain filling characteristics with dry matter accumulation and transformation after heading and yield formation was analyzed in different varieties.【Result】With bigger sink potential and higher seed setting rate, the grain yield of Liaoxing 19 was significantly higher than Liaoxing 15 in japonica rice, even achieved the level of indica rice (Fuyou 838 and Luyou 578).The types of indica and japonica rice initiated their grain filling for superior and inferior grains were synchronous type and asynchronous type, respectively, and the effects of panicle size on grain filling and seed setting were also different between indica and japonica rice. The ability of dry matter transformation after heading for Liaoxing 19 was closer to local indica rice, so it was beneficial to start its grain-filling. Although grains per spike of Liaoxing 19 were significantly higher than Liaoxing 15, the grain filling rate of its inferior grains was not decreased, and the grain filling rate declined slower after reaching peak, grain filling time was also prolonged to some extent, at last the seed setting rate was improved significantly.【Conclusion】 The japonica rice varieties of Liaoxing 19 had more grains per spike, but with the improved dry matter transformation after heading, it still gained higher seed setting rate by better grain-filling. So it has the high yield potentiality for planting in Chengdu basin.

【目的】研究成都平原两熟区籼、粳稻品种籽粒灌浆特性及产量形成的差异，为成都平原种植粳稻提供依据。【方法】以籼稻品种辐优838、泸优578及粳稻品种辽星15、辽星19为材料进行田间试验，利用Richards方程对不同品种强、弱势粒的灌浆过程进行比较，进而分析不同品种灌浆特性与抽穗后物质积累和转运及产量形成的关系。【结果】粳稻品种中辽星19不仅库容量大，结实率也高，其产量显著高于辽星15，且与籼稻品种辐优838、泸优578相当。籼、粳稻稻品种籽粒灌浆类型分别为强、弱势粒同步灌浆型和异步灌浆型，并且穗型大小对籼、粳稻灌浆结实的影响也存在差异。辽星19抽穗后干物质转运能力更接近当地的籼稻品种，有利于籽粒灌浆的启动；其每穗粒数虽显著高于辽星15，但弱势粒的灌浆速度并未降低，且达到灌浆峰值后下降减缓，灌浆时间也有所延长，最终结实率得到显著提高。【结论】粳稻品种辽星19每穗粒数虽多，但其抽穗后干物质转运能力得到加强，籽粒灌浆得到改善，仍能实现较高的结实率，因此在成都平原仍表现出较好的产量潜力。

... 众多研究者基于Richards方程对不同基因型水稻籽粒灌浆特性的差异进行了大量研究^[4,5,6], 同时就栽培措施如水分和养分管理^[7,8]、耕作方式^[9,10]等对水稻籽粒灌浆的影响也进行了深入探讨 ...

... 对水稻籽粒灌浆的拟合一般采用Richards方程^{[3,4,5,6,7,19,22]}, 小麦、玉米籽粒灌浆的拟合多采用Logistic方程^[23,24,25] ...

... 该方法也被众多研究者所广泛采用^[4,5,6,7,8] ...

2014

0.0

龚金龙, 邢志鹏, 胡雅杰, 张洪程, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲, 魏海燕, 高辉. 籼、粳超级稻产量构成特征的差异研究. 核农学报, 2014, 28: 500-511

Gong J

, Xing Z

, Hu Y

, Zhang H

, Dai Q

, Huo Z

, Xu

, Wei H

, Gao

. Studies on the difference of yield components characteristics between indica and japonica super rice. J Nucl Agric Sci, 2014, 28: 500-511 (in Chinese with English abstract)

In order to reveal the difference of yield components characteristics between indica and japonica super rice, Field experiments were conducted by using five main representative super hybrid indica combinations and five conventional japonica super rice varieties in rice-wheat cropping regions. Grain yield and its components, dynamics of population stems and tillers, panicle characteristics and grain-filling properties were analyzed systematically. The results indicated that, grain yield, panicle numbers, total spikelets, setting percentage, storage capacity, total filling, ratio of productive tillers, grain density, ratio of No. of branches of primary branches to No. of branches of secondary branches, ratio of total grains of primary branches to total grains of secondary branches, No. of branches of primary branches per panicle, grains per branch of primary branches, total grains of primary branches per panicle, seed-setting rate of primary branches, seed-setting rate of secondary branches, the final weight of a kernel, the time reaching the maximum grain-filling rate, the weight of a kernel at the time of maximum grain-filling rate, active grain-filling period and effective grain-filling period of japonica rice were higher than indica rice, while spikelets per panicle, 1000-grain weight, panicle length, grain weight per panicle, No. of branches of secondary branches per panicle, grains per branch of secondary branches, total grains of secondary branches per panicle, initial grain-filling potential, maximum grain-filling rate and mean grain-filling rate followed an opposite tendency accordingly. However, no significant trend was observed for the ratio of the weight of a kernel at the time of maximum grain-filling rate to the final weight of a kernel between indica and japonica rice. Although the grain-filling processes of indica and japonica super rice were all asynchronous types, the phenomenon of two-stage grain-filling was more illustrious in indica rice. The grain-filling of indica rice started quickly and accumulated rapidly with short duration, declined fast in the end. The grain filling at the early, middle and late stage for inferior grains of japonica rice were higher than indica rice with the increasing range of 0.73%, 2.59%, 3.43%, respectively, which suggested that the advantages of japonica rice would go larger and larger with the advancement of grain-filling. The stable-increasing-stable-decreasing tendency of population stems and tillers, multi-panicles, rational panicle structure, high seed-setting rate, stable and long duration grain-filling and high quality grain-filling for the inferior grains at the later period of grain-filling were the key points of enlarging sink, promoting the enrichment, stable yield and high yield of japonica rice.

为阐明籼、粳超级稻产量构成特征的差异，以当地主体且具有代表性的5个超级杂交籼稻组合和5个常规粳型超级稻品种为试验材料，对稻-麦两熟制条件下籼、粳超级稻产量及其构成因素、群体茎蘖动态特征、穗部构成特征、灌浆特性等方面进行了系统的比较研究。结果表明：粳稻产量、穗数、群体颖花量、结实率、库容量、总充实量、茎蘖成穗率、着粒密度、一二次枝梗数比值、一二次枝梗总粒数比值、每穗一次枝梗数、一次枝梗单枝梗着粒数、每穗一次枝梗总粒数、一次枝梗结实率、二次枝梗结实率、米粒终极生长量、到达最大灌浆速率的时间、灌浆速率最大时的米粒重、活跃灌浆期和有效灌浆时间均高于籼稻；籼稻每穗粒数、千粒重、穗长、单穗粒重、每穗二次枝梗数、二次枝梗单枝梗着粒数、每穗二次枝梗总粒数、起始生长势、最大灌浆速率和平均灌浆速率则高于粳稻，灌浆速率最大时的米粒重占米粒终极生长量的百分率则表现趋势不明显。籼、粳超级稻均为异步灌浆型，但籼稻两段灌浆现象更为明显，且籼稻灌浆启动快、充实快、持续时间短、呈速起速降的态势。粳稻弱势粒灌浆前、中、后期的灌浆充实量较籼稻分别高0.73%、2.59%、3.43%，随着籽粒灌浆的持续，粳稻灌浆优势不断加大。群体茎蘖稳升稳降、有效成穗数多、穗部构成合理、结实率高、灌浆速度稳定且持续时间长以及灌浆后期弱势粒较高的灌浆质量是粳稻扩库、促充实、稳产高产的关键。

... 对水稻籽粒灌浆的拟合一般采用Richards方程^{[3,4,5,6,7,19,22]}, 小麦、玉米籽粒灌浆的拟合多采用Logistic方程^[23,24,25] ...

... 该方法也被众多研究者所广泛采用^[4,5,6,7,8] ...

... 龚金龙等^[5]研究江苏里下河地区大面积种植的杂交籼稻和常规粳稻的灌浆特性差异发现, 杂交籼稻和常规粳稻均为异步灌浆型, 但杂交籼稻两段灌浆现象更为明显 ...

... 龚金龙等^[5]认为粳稻的米粒终极生长量、达到最大灌浆速率的时间、灌浆速率最大时的米粒重、活跃灌浆期和有效灌浆时间均高于籼稻 ...

2002

0.0

程旺大, 赵国平, 张国平, 姚海根. 水稻和陆稻籽粒灌浆特性的比较. 中国水稻科学, 2002, 16: 335-340

Cheng W

, Zhao G

, Zhang G

, Yao H

. Comparison on the grain-filling properties of paddy rice and upland rice. Chin J Rice Sci, 2002, 16: 335-340 (in Chinese with English abstract)

The grain filling processes of paddy rice and upland rice under conventional paddy cultivation (PC) and plastic film mulched dry cultivation (DC) were fitted by Richards growth equation to study the difference in grain filling properties between the two types of rice. Results showed that effective panicles and grain weight of paddy rice decreased significantly under DC compared to those under PC,leading to significant reduction in grain yield of paddy rice under DC. In comparison with PC, DC reduced grain filling rates of both the superior and inferior grains, shortened active grain filling period, weakened initial grain filling potential of both the superior and medium grains and delayed occurrence of the maximum grain filling rate of paddy rice. In addition, under the DC condition, paddy rice had small difference in the time reaching the maximum grain filling rate between superior grains and inferior ones, so the grain filling of the inferior grains was worsened. Moreover, the difference in grain filling rate between the superior grains and inferior ones was further enlarged in paddy rice under DC relative to PC. As a result, paddy rice had lower seed setting rate and grain weight under DC than those under PC. Less variations in grain filling, grain yield and its components between DC and PC were found in upland rice relative to paddy rice. Compared to paddy rice, upland rice showed lower initial grain filling potential, especially for the superior and medium grains, stronger competition for assimilates in both superior and medium grains at early and middle filling stages, leading to less availability of assimilates to the inferior grains, which could be attributed to low seed setting rate, grain weight and finally low yield. Results also showed that upland rice had the less variation in the parameters related to grain filling processes in comparison with paddy rice under DC. Under the DC condition, the lower grain filling rate and longer active grain filling period were found in paddy rice relative to upland rice. Thus paddy rice showed greater difference in synchronism of grain filling between the superior and inferior grains relative to upland rice.

应用Richards方程对水作和旱作水稻与陆稻的籽粒灌浆过程进行拟合，研究两种稻灌浆特性在不同水分管理条件下的差异。结果表明，与水作相比，水稻旱作穗数和粒重明显降低，产量下降；强势粒和弱势粒的灌浆速率降低，活跃灌浆期缩短，强势粒和中势粒的起始生长势减弱，到达最大灌浆速率的时间延迟，强、弱势粒进入灌浆盛期的间距缩短，从而影响弱势粒的灌浆，强、弱势粒灌浆速率的差异增大，最终导致粒重和结实率降低。陆稻旱作与水作相比，除活跃灌浆期略有缩短以及强、弱势粒进入灌浆盛期的间隔略有延长外，整体上灌浆过程变化不大。与水稻相比，陆稻在两种水分条件下灌浆过程和产量及其构成因子的差异较小，表现为籽粒灌浆的起始生长势特别是强、中粒位势的起始生长势低，灌浆前、中期灌浆较强，强、中势籽粒对同化物的激烈竞争使弱势粒灌浆变差，籽粒灌浆期短，特别是灌浆后期持续时间短，导致结实率和粒重低，最终影响产量。旱作条件下，水稻与陆稻相比，籽粒灌浆速率较小，活跃灌浆期较长，强、弱势粒灌浆呈现明显的异步性。

... 对水稻籽粒灌浆的拟合一般采用Richards方程^{[3,4,5,6,7,19,22]}, 小麦、玉米籽粒灌浆的拟合多采用Logistic方程^[23,24,25] ...

... 该方法也被众多研究者所广泛采用^[4,5,6,7,8] ...

2013

0.0

殷春渊, 王书玉, 刘贺梅, 薛应征, 张栩, 王和乐, 孙建全, 胡秀明, 李习军. 氮肥施用量对超级粳稻新稻18强、弱势粒籽粒灌浆和稻米品质的影响. 中国水稻科学, 2013, 27: 503-510

Yin C

, Wang S

, Liu H

, Xue Y

, Zhang

, Wang H

, Sun J

, Hu X

, Li X

. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer application on grain filling characteristics and rice quality of superior and inferior grains in super japonica rice Xindao 18. Chin J Rice Sci, 2013, 27: 503-510 (in Chinese with English abstract)

In order to explicit the characteristics of superior and inferior grain filling, and its relationship with rice quality of super japonica rice Xindao 18, a field experiment with 7 and 6 N fertilizer application levels was carried out in 2011 and 2012, respectively,on the farm of Xinxiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan Province, China. The grain filling rate, rice quality and yield were determined and the relationship between grain filling rate and rice quality was analyzed. The results showed that the grain filling rate at low N level was higher than that at high N level. The max and mean grain filling rate of superior grains was 39.51% and 20.34% higher than that of inferior grains, respectively. The max grain filling rate under 255.0 kg/hm2N level in superior grains was 1.14 mg/(grain·d), 40.83% higher than that of inferior grains. The mean grain filling rate under zero N level in superior grains was 0.74 mg/(grain·d), 2850% higher than that of inferior grains. The grain weight at active grain filling stage of superior grains was higher than that of inferior grains with that under zero N level being the highest. The correlation analysis indicated that superior and inferior grain weight and their grain filling rate was highly positively correlated at priormiddle grain filling stage. The relationship between grain plumpness of inferior grains at mature stage and its grain filling rate was extremely positively significant, while that of superior grains was not notable. At early grain filling stage, superior and inferior grain filling rate and rice processing quality were negatively correlated with significant correlation at P=0.05 or P=001 levels in inferior grains. At late grain filling stage, superior grain filling rate and rice appearance quality were significantly negatively correlated. At fastigium grain filling stage(24 d after anthesis), grain filling rate was positively correlated with rice processing quality, and negatively with rice appearance quality, but not significantly. It was illustrated that rice quality was improved when the inferior grain filling rate was increased at early grain filling stage, and the superior and inferior grain filling rate were enhanced at fastigium and late grain filling stages.

Xinxiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China;

以超级粳稻新稻18号为供试材料，2011年在7个纯氮水平，2012年在6个纯氮水平下，测定了结实期不同氮肥水平下水稻强、弱势籽粒灌浆速率、稻米品质及产量，分析了籽粒灌浆速率与稻米品质的关系，明确了强、弱势粒灌浆特性对稻米品质的影响。结果表明，低氮处理籽粒灌浆速率高于高氮处理；最大灌浆速率和平均灌浆速率强势粒快于弱势粒，平均比弱势粒快39.51%和20.34%，255.0 kg/hm2纯氮处理的最大灌浆速率为1.14 mg/(粒·d)，比弱势粒快40.83%，平均灌浆速率N0处理最快，为0.74 mg/(粒·d)，比弱势粒快28.50%。活跃灌浆期粒重，强势粒明显高于弱势粒，无氮肥处理最高。相关分析表明，灌浆前中期强弱势粒粒重与其灌浆速率呈极显著正相关，成熟期籽粒充实度则表现为弱势粒籽粒充实度与其灌浆速率呈极显著正相关，强势粒相关不显著；灌浆前期强弱势粒灌浆速率与稻米的加工品质呈负相关，其中弱势粒达显著或极显著相关；灌浆后期强势粒灌浆速率与稻米外观品质呈显著负相关；灌浆高峰期（即花后24 d）籽粒灌浆速率与加工品质呈正相关，与外观品质呈负相关，但相关不显著。说明增大灌浆前期弱势粒灌浆速率及提高灌浆高峰期和灌浆后期强弱势粒灌浆速率，可以同步改善稻米的加工和外观品质。

... 对水稻籽粒灌浆的拟合一般采用Richards方程^{[3,4,5,6,7,19,22]}, 小麦、玉米籽粒灌浆的拟合多采用Logistic方程^[23,24,25] ...

... 该方法也被众多研究者所广泛采用^[4,5,6,7,8] ...

2009

0.0

王贺正, 马均, 李旭毅, 张荣萍. 水分胁迫对水稻籽粒灌浆及淀粉合成有关酶活性的影响. 中国农业科学, 2009, 42: 1550-1558

Wang H

, Ma

, Li X

, Zhang R

. Effects of water stress on grain filling and activities of enzymes involved in starch synthesis in rice. Sci Agric Sin, 2009, 42: 1550-1558 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[目的]探索不同水稻抗旱品种在水分胁迫条件下籽粒灌浆特性及有关淀粉酶活性的变化规律.[方法]选用抗旱性不同的3个杂交水稻品种,分别在正常供水和水分胁迫条件下,研究水稻茎鞘物质运转、籽粒灌浆和淀粉合成有关酶活性.[结果]水分胁迫下,抽穗期和成熟期茎鞘干物重以及抽穗后茎鞘物质输出量、输出率、转化率均下降;籽粒生长潜势、最大灌浆速率和平均灌浆速率降低, 籽粒生长活跃期缩短,各品种达最大灌浆速率的时间提前;籽粒灌浆过程中可溶性淀粉合成酶(SSS)、Q酶和ADPG焦磷酸化酶3种酶活性都不同程度的被抑制.各性状抗旱性强的品种均比抗旱性弱的品种减少的幅度小.抽穗期茎鞘干物重、抽穗后茎鞘干物质输出量、输出率和转化率均与籽粒产量呈显著或极显著正相关.[结论]在水分胁迫下抗旱性强的品种具有较高的茎鞘物质输出率和转化率、籽粒灌浆速率及淀粉合成有关酶活性,是产量降低较少的生理基础.

... 该方法也被众多研究者所广泛采用^[4,5,6,7,8] ...

2014

0.0

2012

0.0

张静, 张志, 杜彦修, 李俊周, 孙红正, 赵全志. 不同深耕及施穗肥方式对水稻根系活力、籽粒灌浆及产量的影响. 中国农业科学, 2012, 45: 4155-4155

Zhang

, Zhang

, Du Y

, Li J

, Sun H

, Zhao Q

. Effects of different treatments of deep tillage and panicle fertilization on root activity, grain-filling dynamics and yield of rice. Sci Agric Sin, 2012, 45: 4155-4122 (in Chinese with English abstract)

【Objective】 The objective of this study is to investigate the characteristics of cell death and molecular mechanisms induced by HgCl2. 【Method】 HgCl2-induced cell death was studied in suspension-cultured tobacco cells via neutral red staining, a set of cellular morphological and biochemical characteristics was elucidated in the occurrence of cell death, and pharmacological method was used to explore the mechanisms activated by HgCl2. 【Result】 Within 24 and 48 h, HgCl2 treatment induced cell death in a concentration-dependent manner. Tobacco cells treated with HgCl2 showed typical features of PCD such as chromatin condensation, TUNEL-positive nuclei and DNA ladder formation. HgCl2-induced cell death was accompanied by an increasing production of H2O2. Consistently, the addition of the antioxidants greatly reduced cell death. Pretreatment with protein kinase inhibitor staurosporin, phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitors U73122 and neomycin, and phospholipase D (PLD) inhibitor 1-butanol significantly diminished HgCl2-induced cell death and H2O2 accumulation. 【Conclusion】 HgCl2 induces PCD exhibiting apoptotic-like features. The cell death process requires increased H2O2 production regulated by activation of protein phosphorylation and phospholipid signaling pathways.

1.山东农业大学植物保护学院，山东泰安 271018

【目的】阐明氯化汞处理烟草悬浮细胞产生的细胞死亡具有细胞编程死亡（programmed cell death，PCD）的特征和分子机制。【方法】采用形态和生物化学方法观察氯化汞处理细胞后的变化，并采用药理学方法，通过添加抑制剂和抗氧化剂阐明氯化汞引发的信号转导途径。【结果】氯化汞诱导产生的细胞死亡具有PCD特征，包括染色质浓缩、细胞核的TUNEL检测呈阳性和DNA ladder的形成。氯化汞诱导烟草悬浮细胞过氧化氢积累，过氧化氢酶和抗坏血酸等抗氧化剂能降低细胞死亡率。蛋白激酶抑制剂、磷脂酶C和磷脂酶D的抑制剂能显著地降低氯化汞引起的细胞死亡和过氧化氢积累。【结论】氯化汞引起的细胞死亡是一种PCD，蛋白激酶和磷脂信号介导的过氧化氢积累参与细胞死亡过程。

2007

0.0

陆永法, 马荣荣, 王晓燕, 李信年, 周华成, 章志远, 华国来. 甬优系列杂交水稻SSR标记指纹图谱和籼粳属性. 中国水稻科学, 2007, 21: 443-446

Lu Y

, Ma R

, Wang X

, Li X

, Zhou H

, Zhang Z

, Hua G

. SSLP-Based SSR fingerprinting and indica/japonica classification of Yongyou series hybrid rice. Chin J Rice Sci, 2007, 21: 443-446 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Three standard indica test varieties,three standard japonica test varieties and other thirteen rice accessions,which are Yongyou series hybrid rice combinations and their parents,were analyzed by using 22 simple sequence repeat(SSR)primer pairs.Totally 87 alleles were detected.These primers revealed polymorphism with a range of 2-8 alleles per primer pair.Fingerprintings of Yongyou series hybrid rice combinations and their parents were set up.The cluster analysis showed that the tested materials were grouped into two clusters in accordance with the indica/japonica classification based on the Cheng’s index.It was confirmed that Yongyou 4 and Yongyou 6 are inter-subspecific hybrid rice combinations between indica and japonica at molecular levels.

用22个SSR分子标记对13份甬优系列杂交水稻组合及其亲本材料和6份籼粳对照种进行分析，共获得87个等位基因，每对引物扩增的等位基因数为2~8个。所有供试材料间均检测到了差异，从而建立起甬优1号~甬优6号杂交水稻组合及其亲本的DNA指纹图谱。聚类分析结果表明，9份供试材料与3份粳稻对照种聚于一类，属粳稻；4份供试材料与籼稻对照种IR36聚于一类，属籼稻。这与形态分类结果基本一致。从分子水平确认了杂交水稻甬优6号和甬优4号为籼粳亚种间杂交稻。

... 近几年, 我国在籼粳杂交稻的选育工作上取得重要进展, 选育出了一批高产、优质的品种(组合), 如甬优系列^[11]、浙优系列^[12]、春优系列^[13]等 ...

2014

0.0

王林友, 张礼霞, 勾晓霞, 范宏环, 金庆生, 王建军. 利用Indel标记鉴定浙优系列杂交稻籼粳属性和预测杂种优势. 中国农业科学, 2014, 47: 1243-1255

Wang L

, Zhang L

, Gou X

, Fan H

, Jin Q

, Wang J

. Identification of indica-japonica attribute and prediction of heterosis of Zheyou hybrids rice using Indel molecular makers. Sci Agric Sin, 2014, 47: 1243-1255 (in Chinese with English abstract)

【Objective】 It is of great significance to identify indica or japonica accurately and predict the heterosis by genetic distance for super high-yielding rice breeding and exploring the indica-japonica inter-subspecies heterosis of rice. 【Method】The indica-japonica attribute of twelve Zheyou hybrid rice lines and their parents were identified by 19 pairs of InDel molecular markers designed on the basis of the comparative genomic DNA sequences between indica variety 9311 and japonica variety Nipponbare. According to the gene frequency of indica/japonica genomics detected by InDel molecular markers, a method was set up modified upon Lu’s report, and all the tested materials were judged for their different attributes, i.e indica, indica-cline, intermediate indica cline, intermediate japonica-cline, japonica-cline and japonica six types. Genetic distances among 13 rice parents (one sterile line and 12 restorer lines) were assessed by InDel molecular markers and calculated by using Nei’s way. The genetic similarity (GS) was reckoned by using UPGMA method to analyze the cluster of genetic similarity. Principal component analyses (PCA) were conducted using SPSS 17.0 statistical analysis software to InDel band assignments. Then, on the basis of the average values of the eigenvectors of the first and second principal components, a scatterplot was created. The control heterosis of six traits, grain yield, effective panicles per hole, spikelet number per panicle, seed setting rate, 1000-grain weight and grain weight per panicle in hybrid F1 were investigated. Furthermore, the correlations between InDel genetic distance and heterosis related to yield traits were analyzed, and possible relation to the performance of Zheyou hybrid rice lines were discussed. 【Result】 The indica-japonica attributes of the tested materials were identified and the results showed that the sterile line Zhe 04A is identified into japonica type. Eight restoring lines were thought of belonging to indica or indica-cline type, and eight combinations derived from them were judged into a range from intermediate indica-cline to japonica-cline type, it was also verified that these eight combinations were typical indica-japonica combinations. Another four restoring lines were divided into the type of japonica-cline, the four combinations from these lines were judged into japonica type. The cluster analyses were indicated that thirty-five materials could be divided into two major groups, indica group, and japonica group, at 0.350 score of GS. At 0.638 score of GS, the japonica group was divided into two sub-groups, intermediate japonica-cline and japonica /japonica-cline group. Zhe 04A and four japonica×japonica hybrids and their restoring lines fall into the latter group. Meanwhile, the indica group had eight indica type restoring lines of indica×japonica hybrids, three indica control and indica hybrid rice Shanyou 63. When all the twelve combinations were analyzed as a whole, the correlations between the InDel genetic distance and economic yield, number of grains per panicle, grain weight per panicle were significantly positively, but the InDel genetic distance was significantly negatively correlated to seed-setting rate. However, when the eight indica-japonica hybrids were tested only, the InDel genetic distance was only significantly positively correlated with grain weight per panicle and 1000-grain weight. 【Conclusion】Eight combinations from twelve tested Zheyou series combinations were verified attributing to the typical hybrids of japonica sterile line×indica restoring line. Genetic distance tested by InDel molecular marker had higher ability to predict heterosis among different breeding types of hybrids rice, especially for the heterosis of grain weight per panicle. With the increase of InDel genetic distance, the heterosis of tested combinations would be mainly expressed in enhancement of grain weight per panicle.

【目的】准确鉴定水稻材料的籼粳属性及利用遗传距离预测杂种优势，为开展水稻超高产育种和籼粳亚种间杂种优势利用提供基础。【方法】利用19对籼粳稻特异插入/缺失（Insertion/Deletion，InDel）引物，对12个浙优系列杂交稻及其双亲的籼粳属性进行了InDel分子标记鉴定，根据被检测水稻样品在多个InDel 位点上的籼型或粳型基因频率，参考卢宝荣的方法，将供试样品分别判定为“籼稻”、“偏籼”、“中间偏籼”、“中间偏粳”、“偏粳”和“粳稻”。采用Nei的方法求算13个亲本间（1个不育系和12个恢复系）的InDel遗传距离，用UPGMA法进行遗传相似性聚类，用SPSS 17.0统计分析软件对InDel条带赋值进行主成分分析, 依据第一和第二主成分的特征向量的平均分量值作平面散点图。统计杂种F1稻谷产量、每穗总粒数、每穴有效穗、结实率、千粒重及单穗重各产量性状的对照优势，以此分析InDel遗传距离与杂种优势的相关性。【结果】（1）参试材料籼粳属性的判别：不育系浙04A被鉴定为“粳稻”，8个恢复系被判定为“籼稻”或“偏籼”，由其所配组的8个杂交组合被判定在“中间偏籼”到“偏粳”之间，证实了这8个组合为典型的籼粳交组合；另外4份恢复系被判定为“偏粳”，所配组的4个杂交组合被判定为“粳稻”。（2）参试材料的聚类分析：当GS 为0.350时，35份试验材料被分为“粳稻”和“籼稻”2个主群，GS为0.638时，粳稻主群又被划分为“粳稻/偏粳”和“中间偏粳”2个亚群。其中，粳稻/偏粳亚群包括不育系浙04A、4个粳粳交恢复系及粳粳交杂种F1、3个粳稻对照种和粳稻秀水09；中间偏粳亚群包括8个籼粳交杂种F1。籼稻主群则包括8个籼粳交组合的恢复系、3个籼稻对照种和籼杂组合汕优63。（3）InDel遗传距离与杂种优势的相关性：在以粳粳交、籼粳交组合整体作为分析对象时，InDel遗传距离与稻谷产量、每穗总粒数、单穗重呈极显著正相关，与结实率呈显著负相关；仅以籼粳交组合为研究对象时，InDel遗传距离仅与单穗重和千粒重呈显著正相关。【结论】供试的12个浙优系列中的8个组合被证实为典型的粳不/籼恢型籼粳交组合，这些组合的双亲间具有较远的遗传距离；InDel遗传距离在不同类型品种间具有较好的杂种优势预测能力，可用于单穗重的优势预测，即随着InDel遗传距离的扩大，杂种优势主要体现在单穗重的增加上。

... 近几年, 我国在籼粳杂交稻的选育工作上取得重要进展, 选育出了一批高产、优质的品种(组合), 如甬优系列^[11]、浙优系列^[12]、春优系列^[13]等 ...

2014

0.0

吴明国, 林建荣, 宋昕蔚, 阮关海. 籼粳亚种间杂交水稻新组合春优84的选育. 杂交水稻, 2014, 29(2): 19-21

Wu M

, Lin J

, Song X

, Ruan G

. Breeding of new japonica-indica hybrid rice combination Chunyou 84. Hybrid Rice, 2014, 29(2): 19-21 (in Chinese with English abstract)

春优84是利用早花时晚粳不育系春江16A与籼粳中间型广亲和恢复系C84配组育成的粳不籼恢亚种间杂交稻新组合。该组合具有产量潜力大、制种产量高、综合农艺性状优良、抗瘟性较好、适应性广等优点,2013年3月通过浙江省农作物品种审定委员会审定。介绍了该组合的选育过程、主要特征特性、栽培技术及制种技术要点。

... 近几年, 我国在籼粳杂交稻的选育工作上取得重要进展, 选育出了一批高产、优质的品种(组合), 如甬优系列^[11]、浙优系列^[12]、春优系列^[13]等 ...

2014

0.0

王晓燕, 韦还和, 张洪程, 孙健, 张建民, 李超, 陆惠斌, 杨筠文, 马荣荣, 许久夫, 王珏, 许跃进, 孙玉海. 水稻甬优12产量13. 5 t hm^-2以上超高产群体的生育特征. 作物学报, 2014, 40: 2149-2159

Wang X

, Wei H

, Zhang H

, Sun

, Zhang J

, Li

, Lu H

, Yang J

, Ma R

, Xu J

, Wang

, Xu Y

, Sun Y

. Population characteristics for super-high yielding hybrid rice Yongyou 12 (>13. 5 t ha^-1). Acta Agron Sin, 2014, 40: 2149-2159 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Using indica-japonica super rice Yongyou 12, by transplanting seedlings with tillers at the age of four leaves with one leaf bud and applying super sparse cultivation technology, we compared and studied grain yield and its components, tiller dynamic, leaf area dynamic and accumulation dynamic of dry matter in three types of populations (High yield: 10.5–12.0 t ha -1 ; Higher yield: 12.0–13.5 t ha -1 ; Super-high yield: >13.5 t ha -1 ). The results showed that super-high yielding rice had more population spikelets, and slightly lower seed-setting rate and 1000-grain weight than high yielding and higher yielding rice. Compared with high yielding and higher yielding rice, super-high yielding rice showed more number of stems and tillers at transplanting stage and achieved the expected number of stems and tillers at the critical leaf-age for productive tillers. During jointing stage the number of stems and tillers increased steadily and up to the maximum with a panicle rate of nearly 60%. The leaf area index of super-high yielding rice was relatively smaller at the early stage and the maximum of 9.17 at booting stage, and then slowly declined to more than 4.0 at maturity; The dry matter weight was relatively smaller at jointing stage and then the highest at each phase of the super-high yielding rice, which was 14.38 t ha -1 at heading stage, 9.73 t ha -1 from heading to maturity stage, and 24.11 t ha -1 at maturity stage. The root dry weight, ratio of root to shoot and root bleeding intensity per stem of the super-high yielding rice population were all the highest from heading to maturity stages.

1 Ningbo Seed Company of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo 315101, China; 2 Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation Technology in Yangtze Rive Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; 3 Ningbo City Yinzhou District Agricultural Technology Service Station of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo 315100, China; 4 Ningbo City Crop Farming Management Station, Ningbo 315100, China; 5 Crop Research Institute, Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo 315101, China; 6 Ningbo City Yinzhou District Dongqiao Town Government, Ningbo 315157, China

以籼粳交超级稻甬优12为试材、四叶一心期带蘖小苗移栽，超稀植(12.45×104穴 hm -2 )栽培，对高产(10.5~12.0 t hm -2 )、更高产(12.0~13.5 t hm -2 )、超高产(>13.5 t hm -2 ) 3个产量群体的产量及其结构、茎蘖动态、叶面积动态及干物质的积累与运转等进行了系统比较研究。结果表明，产量由高产(10.5~12.0 t hm -2 )到更高产(12.0~13.5 t hm -2 )再到超高产(>13.5 t hm -2 )，群体的颖花量不断提高，结实率和千粒重略微下降。与高产和更高产群体相比，超高产群体茎蘖数起点较高，在有效分蘖临界叶龄期及时够苗，至拔节期群体茎蘖数稳步增长，达高峰苗，此后群体茎蘖数平缓下降，成穗率近60%；群体叶面积指数生育前期较小，最大值出现在孕穗期，为9.17，此后平缓下降，成熟期在4.0以上；群体干物质积累量在拔节期略低，此后各生育时期均升高，抽穗期为14.38 t hm -2 ，抽穗至成熟期为9.73 t hm -2 ，成熟期为24.11 t hm -2 ；群体根系干重、根冠比及单茎伤流强度在后期(抽穗至成熟期)均较高。

... 5 t hm^-2以上高产纪录^[14,15] ...

... 参照姜元华等^[14]的方法, 采用Logistic方法对籽粒灌浆过程进行拟合, 并计算相应的灌浆特征参数, 分析籽粒灌浆特性 ...

... 1 不同类型水稻品种生产力的差异及穗部特征甬优系列籼粳杂交稻已在生产上表现出较高的产量潜力^{[14,15,16,20]} ...

... 此外, 近几年培育出的籼粳杂交稻种如甬优12^[14]、甬优2640^[15]、春优84^[35]等也都实现了每穗粒数和结实率的同步提高(每穗粒数在250粒以上, 同时结实率稳定在85%以上) ...

2014

0.0

胡雅杰, 朱大伟, 钱海军, 曹伟伟, 邢志鹏, 张洪程, 周有炎, 陈厚存, 汪洪洋, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲, 魏海燕, 郭保卫. 籼粳杂交稻甬优2640钵苗机插超高产群体若干特征探讨. 作物学报, 2014, 40: 2016-2027

Hu Y

, Zhu D

, Qian H

, Cao W

, Xing Z

, Zhang H

, Zhou Y

, Chen H

, Wang H

, Dai Q

, Huo Z

, Xu

, Wei H

, Guo B

. Some characteristics of mechanically transplanted pot seedlings in super high yielding population of indica-japo- nica hybrid rice Yongyou 2640. Acta Agron Sin, 2014, 40: 2016-2027 (in Chinese with English abstract)

In order to identify the characteristics of super high yielding population and its yield formation in mechanically transplanted pot seedlings of rice with wheat straw return, we selected a large panicle type indica-japonica hybrid rice Yongyou 2640 as material in Donghai, Xinghua and Hai’an, and analyzed grain yield and its components and characteristics of its super high yielding population (SHY 13.5 t ha -1 ) and high yielding population (HY 12.0 t ha -1 ). The results showed that, compared with HY, SHY had more total population spikelets owing to its very significantly increased spikelets per panicle. There were no differences in effective panicle, percentage of filled grain and 1000-grain weight between SHY and HY treatments. SHY showed fewer tillers at the early growth stage, achieved expected number of stem and tiller at the critical leaf age for productive tiller, and had lower number of peak tiller at the jointing stage. Then, the number of population stems and tillers began to decrease slowly after jointing. At maturity, the percentage of productive tiller in SHY was higher than that in HY. The leaf area index of SHY was lower than that of HY at the critical leaf age for productive tiller and the jointing stage, the max leaf area index was about 8.5 at booting, which decreased stably after booting, and with the value above 3.5 at maturity. The dry matter accumulation of SHY was comparable to that of HY at the critical leaf age for productive tiller and at the jointing stage, increased greater after jointing, and was higher at booting, heading and maturity than that of HY. The ratio of total biomass accumulation was higher in SHY than in HY at the middle and late growth stage. The nitrogen accumulation, photosynthetic potential, crop growth rate and net assimilation rate were smaller at the early stage and higher at the middle and late stages in SHY. Therefore, SHY has greater photosynthate production and higher nitrogen accumulation than HY at the middle and late growth stage. In this study, we also discussed the key cultivation techniques for super-high-yielding production of pot seedling mechanical transplanting rice with wheat straw return.

选用大穗型籼粳杂交稻甬优2640, 以国家粮食丰产科技工程实施基地江苏东海、兴化和海安6.4、6.8和7.3 hm 2 连片超高产攻关方为依托, 对籼粳杂交稻钵苗机插超高产群体(13.5 t hm -2 左右)和高产群体(12.0 t hm -2 左右)系统比较研究, 旨在阐明秸秆还田条件下钵苗机插水稻超高产产量构成及其群体特征。结果表明, 与高产群体相比, 籼粳杂交稻钵苗机插超高产群体表现穗型大、粒数多和群体颖花量高, 有效穗数、结实率和千粒重相当; 群体茎蘖数生育前期稳步增长, 有效分蘖临界叶龄期达适宜穗数, 拔节期高峰苗数量少, 拔节之后缓慢消减, 最终成穗率高; 群体叶面积指数有效分蘖临界叶龄期和拔节期较小, 孕穗期达最大值(8.5左右), 此后平稳减少, 成熟期仍保持3.5以上; 群体干物质积累量有效分蘖临界叶龄期和拔节期相当, 拔节后积累较快, 孕穗期、抽穗期和成熟期显著或极显著增高, 且生育中、后期干物质积累比例高; 群体氮素积累、群体光合势、群体生长率和净同化率表现为“前小, 中高, 后强”。说明水稻钵苗机插超高产群体生育中、后期具有较强的光合物质生产力和较高的氮素积累量。本文还探讨了秸秆还田条件下水稻钵苗机插超高产栽培关键技术。

... 5 t hm^-2以上高产纪录^[14,15] ...

... 1 不同类型水稻品种生产力的差异及穗部特征甬优系列籼粳杂交稻已在生产上表现出较高的产量潜力^{[14,15,16,20]} ...

2014

0.0

姜元华, 张洪程, 赵可, 许俊伟, 韦还和, 龙厚元, 王文婷, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲, 魏海燕, 郭保卫. 长江下游地区不同类型水稻品种产量及其构成因素特征的研究. 中国水稻科学, 2014, 28: 621-631

Jiang Y

, Zhang H

, Zhao

, Xu J

, Wei H

, Long H

, Wang W

, Dai Q

, Huo Z

, Xu

, Wei H

, Guo B

. Difference in yield and its components characteristics of different type rice cultivars in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Chin J Rice Sci, 2014, 28: 621-631 (in Chinese with English abstract)

With 20 representative rice cultivars belonging to four types as materials, a field experiment was conducted to reveal the difference in yield and its components in the ricewheat cropping areas(Yangzhou, Changshu) in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River in 2012-2013. Grain yield and its components, stems and tillers and panicle traits and grainfilling were analyzed systematically.Result show that, 1)under the high yielding cultivation conditions, rice grain yield followed a decline trend of indicajaponica hybrid rice(IJHR) >japonica hybrid rice(JHR)>traditional japonica rice(TJR)>indica hybrid rice(IHR) in different sites and years.The average yield of IJHR in both years in Yangzhou was 12499.4 kg·hm-2, 4.82%,11.94% and 19.68% higher than those of JHR,TJR and IHR.2)The contribution of yield components to yield was total spikelet number>seedsetting rate>1000grain weight,and the contribution to total spikelet number was grain number per panicle>number of effective panicles.It illustrated that big panicle remained the main way for high yield of rice.3)The number of stems and tillers at jointing stage was TJR>IHR>JHR>IJHR,the contribution rates of stems and primary tillers were IJHR>IHR>TJR>JHR, while the contribution rate of the secondary tillers was JHR>TJR>IHR>IJHR, the composition of stems and tillers at waxy stage was the same as that at jointing stage;percentage of effective tillers of TJR(7576%) ranked first，followed by JHR(7287%),IJHR(6680%) and IHR(63.24%).4)Panicle length followed a trend of IHR>IJHR>JHR>TJR;grain density,single panicle weight were IJHR>JHR>IHR>TJR;grain number on the primary rachis branch was JHR>IJHR>TJR>IHR,while number of branches and total grain number on the primary rachis branch were IJHR>JHR>TJR>IHR,the trend of the contribution rate of grain number on the primary rachis branch to grain number per panicle from high to low was TJR（41.00%）,JHR（35.50%）,IJHR（31.83%）,IHR（27.92%）;grain number on the secondary rachis branch was IHR>IJHR>TJR>JHR,while number of branches and total grain number on the secondary rachis branch were IJHR>JHR>IHR>TJR,the trend of the contribution rate of grain number on the secondary rachis branch to grain number per panicle from high to low was IHR(72.80%),IJHR(68.17%),JHR(64.50%),TJR(59.00%). 5)The final grain weight was TJR>JHR>IHR>IJHR，maximum grainfilling rate was IHR>TJR>JHR>IJHR,the time reaching the maximum grainfilling rate was JHR>TJR>IJHR>IHR,mean grainfilling rate was IHR>TJR>JHR>IJHR,effective grainfilling time was JHR>IJHR>TJR>IHR;For grainfilling characteristics during different stages，grainfilling amount of gradual growth stage, fast growth stage and slow growth stage were TJR>JHR>IHR>IJHR;grainfilling time of gradual growth stage was JHR>TJR>IJHR>IHR,grainfilling time of fast growth stage and slow growth stage were JHR>IJHR>TJR>IHR; mean grainfilling rate of gradual growth stage was IHR>TJR>IJHR>JHR,grainfilling rate of fast growth stage and slow growth stage were IHR>TJR>JHR>IJHR.Compared with JHR ,TJR and IHR, IJHR had obvious advantages in productivity with big panicle as the basis.

为阐明长江下游地区稻麦两熟制高产栽培条件下不同类型水稻品种产量及其构成因素特征的差异，2012-2013年，在江苏扬州、常熟以籼粳杂交稻、杂交粳稻、常规粳稻和杂交籼稻四种类型20个具有代表性的品种为材料，系统比较分析了不同类型水稻品种产量、茎蘖组成、穗部性状、籽粒灌浆等方面的差异。结果表明：1）在高产栽培条件下，不同地点和年份间产量均呈籼粳杂交稻>杂交粳稻>常规粳稻>杂交籼稻趋势，其中，籼粳杂交稻品种平均产量为12499.4kg/hm2，分别较杂交粳稻、常规粳稻和杂交籼稻高4.82%、11.94%和19.68%，籼粳杂交稻品种增产的主要原因为每穗粒数极显著高于其他品种类型。2）产量构成因素对产量的净贡献率表现为总颖花量>结实率>千粒重，对总颖花量的净贡献率表现为每穗粒数大于有效穗数，说明大穗依然是水稻高产的主要途径。3）不同类型水稻品种拔节期茎蘖数表现为常规粳稻>杂交籼稻>杂交粳稻>籼粳杂交稻，主茎和一级分蘖贡献率表现为籼粳杂交稻>杂交籼稻>常规粳稻>杂交粳稻，二级分蘖贡献率表现为杂交粳稻>常规粳稻>杂交籼稻>籼粳杂交稻；蜡熟期茎蘖组成特点与拔节期一致；不同类型水稻品种成穗率表现为常规粳稻最高（75.76%），杂交粳稻其次（72.87%），籼粳杂交稻再次（66.80%），杂交籼稻最低（63.24%）。4）不同类型水稻品种穗长表现为杂交籼稻>籼粳杂交稻>杂交粳稻>常规粳稻，着粒密度、每穗粒数和单穗重均表现为籼粳杂交稻>杂交粳稻>杂交籼稻>常规粳稻；一次枝梗数、二次枝梗数、一次枝梗总粒数和二次枝梗总粒数均表现为籼粳杂交稻>杂交粳稻>常规粳稻>杂交籼稻，一次枝梗粒数对总粒数的贡献率表现为常规粳稻最大（41.00%），其次为杂交粳稻（35.50%）和籼粳杂交稻（3183%），杂交籼稻最低（27.92%），二次枝梗总粒对每穗粒数的贡献率表现为杂交籼稻最大（72.80%），其次为籼粳杂交稻（6817%）和杂交粳稻（64.50%），常规粳稻最小（59.00%）。5）不同类型水稻品种终极生长量Wo呈常规粳稻>杂交粳稻>杂交籼稻>籼粳杂交稻趋势，最大灌浆速率Vmax表现为常规粳稻>杂交籼稻>杂交粳稻>籼粳杂交稻，到达最大灌浆速率的时间Tmax表现为杂交粳稻>籼粳杂交稻>常规粳稻>杂交籼稻，平均灌浆速率Vmean表现为杂交籼稻>常规粳稻>杂交粳稻>籼粳杂交稻，有效灌浆时间T99表现为籼粳杂交稻>杂交粳稻>常规粳稻>杂交籼稻；阶段性灌浆特征方面，灌浆量在渐增期、快增期和缓增期均表现为常规粳稻>杂交粳稻>杂交籼稻>籼粳杂交稻；灌浆时间在渐增期表现为杂交粳稻>常规粳稻>籼粳杂交稻>杂交籼稻，在快增期和缓增期均表现为籼粳杂交稻>杂交粳稻>常规粳稻>杂交籼稻；灌浆速率在渐增期表现为杂交籼稻>籼粳杂交稻>常规粳稻>杂交粳稻，在快增期和缓增期表现为常规粳稻>杂交籼稻>杂交粳稻>籼粳杂交稻。籼粳杂交稻较杂交粳稻、常规粳稻和杂交籼稻有明显的产量优势，“穗大粒多”是其产量优势形成的基础。

... 姜元华等^[16]和许德海等^[17]研究表明, 与生产上大面积种植的常规粳稻和杂交籼稻相比, 甬优系列籼粳杂交稻一般具有10%以上的产量增幅 ...

... 人们也就甬优系列籼粳杂交稻的高产形成机理进行了相关研究^[16,17,18], 较为一致的观点认为穗大粒多是甬优系列籼粳杂交稻产量优势的重要基础 ...

... 1 不同类型水稻品种生产力的差异及穗部特征甬优系列籼粳杂交稻已在生产上表现出较高的产量潜力^{[14,15,16,20]} ...

... 姜元华等^[16]研究表明, 甬优系列籼粳杂交稻的生产力较常规粳稻和杂交籼稻高出11 ...

... 较多的每穗粒数是甬优系列籼粳杂交稻产量优势的重要基础^[16,17,18] ...

... 姜元华等^[16]认为甬优系列籼粳杂交稻的着粒密度和单穗重显著高于杂交籼稻和常规粳稻 ...

... 姜元华等^[16]认为Logistic方程对于带壳水稻籽粒的拟合效果好于Richards方程 ...

2010

0.0

许德海, 王晓燕, 马荣荣, 禹盛苗, 朱练峰, 欧阳由男, 金千瑜. 重穗型籼粳杂交稻甬优6号超高产生理特性. 中国农业科学, 2010, 43: 4796-4804

Xu D

, Wang X

, Ma R

, Yu S

, Zhu L

, Ou-Yang Y N, Qian J Y. Analysis on physiological properties of the heavy panicle type of indica-japonica inter-subspecific hybrid rice Yongyou 6. Sci Agric Sin, 2010, 43: 4796-4804 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[目的]探明籼粳杂交稻甬优6号的重穗、超高产与生理特性的关系.[方法]以重穗型籼粳杂交稻甬优6号、轻穗型常规晚粳稻秀水63和中穗型籼型杂交晚稻汕优63为试验材料,进行组合(品种)间物质生产过程中的"源、流、库"等生理特性的对比考查与测定,研究和探讨甬优6号超高产的生理特性.[结果]重穗型籼粳杂交稻甬优6号突出的生理特性是:①"源足",表现为叶面积指数大、叶片功能期较长、叶绿素含量多、叶片光合速率高、比叶重和粒叶比较大;②"流畅",为齐穗期单株茎鞘物质向成熟期的穗部输出量大、输出率和转换率高;③"库大",为单位面积总颖花量和有效颖花量多、库容量大、穗重5 g以上;④"根强",为次生根发达、根量大、根活力强、根冠比值

... 姜元华等^[16]和许德海等^[17]研究表明, 与生产上大面积种植的常规粳稻和杂交籼稻相比, 甬优系列籼粳杂交稻一般具有10%以上的产量增幅 ...

... 人们也就甬优系列籼粳杂交稻的高产形成机理进行了相关研究^[16,17,18], 较为一致的观点认为穗大粒多是甬优系列籼粳杂交稻产量优势的重要基础 ...

... 较多的每穗粒数是甬优系列籼粳杂交稻产量优势的重要基础^[16,17,18] ...

... 许德海等^[17]观察到, 与对照品种相比, 甬优6号的穗型大且实谷粒数多 ...

2007

0.0

马荣荣, 许德海, 王晓燕, 禹盛苗, 金千瑜, 欧阳由男, 朱连峰. 籼粳亚种间杂交稻甬优6号超高产株型特征与竞争优势分析. 中国水稻科学, 2007, 21: 281-286

Ma R

, Xu D

, Wang X

, Yu S

, Jin Q

, Ou-Yang Y N, Zhu L F. Heterosis on plant morphology of Yongyou 6, an indica-japonica inter-subspecific super high-yielding hybrid rice. Chin J Rice Sci, 2007, 21: 281-286 (in Chinese with English abstract)

According to the results of the experiments conducted in 2003-2005,Yongyou 6,a late season inter-subspecific hybrid rice combination derived from a japonica cytoplasmic male sterile line Yongjing 2A and an indica restorer line K264806,performed high yielding potential,which was closely related to its outstanding heterosis in plant morphology over the japonica inbred rice Xiushui 63 and indica hybrid rice Shanyou 63.At the early growth stage,the tiller number of Yongyou 6 was between that of Shanyou 63 and that of Xiushui 63,and it showed a moderate tillering ability and less non-effective tillers.At the middle growth stage,the culms,sheaths and leaves of Yongyou 6 grew faster with higher biomass.The population of Yongyou 6 had better light distribution in its canopy because of its three top upright,longer and cured leaves.At the late growth stage,although Yongyou 6 was of high plant,but it perfected very strong tolerance to lodging due to its long and closed sheathes and short and thick basal internodes.At the maturity stage,Yongyou 6 showed arc-shaped panicles with more primary and secondary branches.The grain density of panicle was moderate with more oblate grains.The root-shoot ratio of Yongyou 6 was very higher at the whole growth stage.Moreover,the ideo-plant morphology of indica-japonica inter-subspecific super high-yielding hybrid was also discussed.

2003-2005年的试验结果表明，与常规晚粳稻秀水63和籼型杂交晚稻汕优63相比，三系籼粳亚种间杂交晚粳稻甬优6号的超高产与其生育期间株形特征及竞争优势密切相关。生育前期，甬优6号的分蘖数介于籼、粳稻之间，消长平稳，分蘖力中等，无效分蘖少；生育中期，植株的茎、鞘、叶生长快，生物量大，上3叶长而内卷挺立，群体上下受光态势好；生育后期，植株高大，茎秆粗壮，鞘叶长而抱秆紧密，茎基部节间短而厚重；成熟期，穗呈弧形，一、二次枝梗数特别多，粒多穗重，着粒密度适中，粒形偏团；各生育阶段的根冠比高。另外，对籼粳亚种间超级杂交稻的理想株形进行了讨论。

... 人们也就甬优系列籼粳杂交稻的高产形成机理进行了相关研究^[16,17,18], 较为一致的观点认为穗大粒多是甬优系列籼粳杂交稻产量优势的重要基础 ...

... 马荣荣等^[18]研究发现, 甬优6号的产量较秀水63和汕优63分别高出15 ...

... 较多的每穗粒数是甬优系列籼粳杂交稻产量优势的重要基础^[16,17,18] ...

2001

0.0

顾世梁, 朱庆森, 杨建昌, 彭少兵. 不同施氮材料籽粒灌浆特性的分析. 作物学报, 2001, 27: 7-14

Gu S

, Zhu Q

, Yang J

, Peng S

. Analysis on grain filling characteristics for different rice types. Acta Agron Sin, 2001, 27: 7-14 (in Chinese with English abstract)

The Richards equation was used to describe grain filling processes of 8 genotypes including new plant types(NPTs). All except inferior fitted well with high determination coefficient. Analyses of parameters revealed grain-filling characteristics of the materials. They had different grain size, grain

新株型等8个不同水稻材料的籽粒灌浆过程以Richards方程进行了拟合。对各材料的灌浆特征参数及速率曲线的分析表明，新株型材料和IR72是典型的强、弱势粒同步灌浆型，一些籼稻和籼杂材料为典型的异步灌浆型，另有一些材料为中间型。灌浆过程的早、中、晚三期对总灌浆物质的贡献分别约占13%、60%、27%，但所需的时间在强、弱势

... 顾世梁等^[19]根据强、弱势粒达到最大灌浆速率的时间间隔划分同步灌浆与异步灌浆, 提出时间间隔在5~10 d以上的为异步灌浆, 小于5 d的为同步灌浆 ...

... 对水稻籽粒灌浆的拟合一般采用Richards方程^{[3,4,5,6,7,19,22]}, 小麦、玉米籽粒灌浆的拟合多采用Logistic方程^[23,24,25] ...

... 关于水稻籽粒灌浆类型, 顾世梁等^[19]根据强、弱势粒达到最大灌浆速率的时间间隔划分同步灌浆与异步灌浆, 提出时间间隔在5~10 d以上的为异步灌浆, 小于5 d的为同步灌浆 ...

... 本文以顾世梁等^[19]提出的划分籽粒灌浆类型的方法为依据表明, 中浙优1号和镇稻18的穗部上部一次枝粳籽粒(UP)、上部二次枝粳籽粒(US)和中部一次枝粳籽粒(MP)均为同步灌浆型, UP、US和MP与下部一次枝粳籽粒(LP)、下部二次枝粳籽粒(LS)为异步灌浆型 ...

2013

0.0

韦还和, 姜元华, 赵可, 许俊伟, 张洪程, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲, 魏海燕, 郑飞. 甬优系列杂交稻品种的超高产群体特征. 作物学报, 2013, 39: 2201-2210

Wei H

, Jiang Y

, Zhao

, Xu J

, Zhang H

, Dai Q

, Huo Z

, Xu

, Wei H

, Zheng

. Characteristics of super-high yield population in Yongyou series of hybrid rice. Acta Agron Sin, 2013, 39: 2201-2210 (in Chinese with English abstract)

A field experiment was conducted using the representative indica-japonica hybrid rice Yongyou 11 , Yongyou 12, Yongyou 13, Yongyou 15, Yongyou 17 to compare between super-high and high yield populations formed by the regulation of cultivation measures. The results showed that the spikelets of the super-high yield population was higher than that of high yield population, with difference very significant, but the seed-setting rate and 1000-grain weight of the super-high yield population were lower than those of high yield population. The average spikeletsper panicle was significantly higher than that of high yield population, meanwhile the number of the primary and secondary branches and total grains were higher than those of high yield population, showing a significant or very significant difference. The dry matter accumulation of the super-high yield population was a little lower than that of the high yield population at the jointing stage, but higher at heading and maturity stages. From the critical leaf-age for productive tillers to jointing stage, the super-high yield population had a steady growth with less ineffective tillers and lower peak number of tillers after jointing stage, the super-high yield population had a steady decline in number of tillers and had higher productive tillers rate, leaf area index, photosynthetic potential and dry matter accumulation, compared with the high yield population. The super-high yield population had higher culm diameter and culm wall thickness in the basal first , second and third internodes, as well as higher bender moment and anti-broken strength, and lower lodging index than the high yield population.

以籼粳杂交稻有代表性的品种甬优 11 、甬优 12 、甬优 13 、甬优 15 、甬优 17 为试材 , 通过栽培措施的调控 , 形成超高产 ( 产量 ≥12.0 t hm -2 ) 和高产 (10.5 t hm -2 ≤ 产量＜ 12.0 t hm -2 ) 群体。比较研究其特征表明 , 与高产群体比，超高产群体的总颖花量极显著提高 , 而结实率和千粒重略降低；平均每穗粒数极显著提高 , 并且一、二次枝粳数以及粒数显著或极显著提高；拔节期的干物重略低 , 但抽穗期和成熟期的干物重均显著或极显著提高；其有效分蘖临界叶龄期至拔节期的生长平稳 , 无效分蘖发生少 , 高峰苗低 , 拔节期以后茎蘖数下降平缓 , 成穗率、叶面积指数、光合势、干物质积累量等均较高；基部第 1 、第 2 、第 3 节间的茎秆粗度和茎壁厚度及基部第 1 、第 2 、第 3 节间的弯曲力矩、抗折力均显著或极显著提高 , 且倒伏指数减小。

... 1 不同类型水稻品种生产力的差异及穗部特征甬优系列籼粳杂交稻已在生产上表现出较高的产量潜力^{[14,15,16,20]} ...

2014

0.0

... 陆永法等^[21]研究表明, 甬优12产量较中浙优8号、黄华占和秀水09分别高出26 ...

2014

0.0

杨沈斌, 江晓东, 王应平, 申双和, 石春林, 王萌萌, 陈斐. 基于Richards扩展方程提取水稻灌浆结实温光特性参数. 作物学报, 2014, 40: 1776-1786

Shen X

, Jiang X

, Wang Y

, Shen S

, Shi C

, Wang M

, Chen

. Charactering light and temperature effects on rice grain filling using extended Richards’ equation. Acta Agron Sin, 2014, 40: 1776-1786 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Richards equation has been widely used to simulate rice grain filling rates, but the lack of capability to relate environmental factors in its simulation impedes the application of Richards equation in evaluating the impact of adverse climate on grain filling process. Therefore, a mathematical modeling method, together with two-year filed-seeding experiment (2012–2013) data, was used in this paper to examine the feasibility of an extended Richards equation on this issue. The two-year experiment was carried out in Nanjing with two indica two-line hybrid rice cultivars, Lingliangyou 268 and Liangyoupeijiu. On the basis of the observations, Richards equation was first used to estimate rice grain filling parameters and calculate mean grain filling rate in each effective grain filling period. Subsequently, a radiation and temperature correction function was introduced into the Richards equation to form an extended equation by linking the mean grain filling rates to daily radiation and mean temperature observations. A set of radiation and temperature characteristic parameters were included in the correction function, which theoretically reflect the response of mean grain filling rates to the change of temperature and radiation conditions and form response curves for the two tested varieties. To estimate these parameters, we applied the Shuffled Complex Evolution (SCE-UA) global optimization algorithm in this paper, since the extended equation was highly nonlinear. Statistical methods were also applied to analyze the relations between retrieved rice grain filling parameters and climatic factors. The results showed that insufficient sun radiation had an indirect and negative effect on mean grain filling rate by imposing an adverse influence on CO 2 assimilation. Daily mean temperature mainly showed an evident effect on mean grain filling rate which could be accelerated under high temperatures or slow down at adverse low temperatures, but it also had a great influence on CO 2 assimilation as well as the accumulation of assimilation products in grains. The estimated critical radiation and critical temperatures for Lingliangyou 268 were 18.94 MJ m -2 d -1 , 6.81 °C , 30.28 °C , 33.29 °C , respectively, and 21.71 MJ m -2 d -1 , 6.10 °C , 24.16 °C, and 33.74 °C for Liangyoupeijiu, which demonstrate an evident difference between the two varieties. Quantitative analyses based on the temperature and radiation response curves showed that the correction coefficients for rice seeding dates in May in 2012 for both rice varieties were generally higher than that of other seeding dates, which implies that the time of seeding is critical to grain filling and yield formation. In addition, Lingliangyou 268 exhibited stronger temperature sensitivity in grain filling period, which means that the mean grain filling rate is more sensitive to the temperature change than to the radiation variation. In comparison, Liangyoupeijiu represented greater radiation sensitivity in grain filling, which indicates that this cultivar can be greatly influenced by insufficient radiation during the grain filling stage. On the whole, the mathematical model presented successfully retrieved the critical parameters representing the effects of daily mean temperature and radiation on mean grain filling rates from field observations. Although more validations are expected to examine the reliability and effectiveness of the proposed method, it can be an important reference for developing agro-meteorological indexes for monitoring and evaluating the effects of meteorological factors on rice grain filling as well as on yield formation.

以籼型两系杂交稻陵两优 268 和两优培九为材料，进行了为期两年 (2012 — 2013) 的大田分期播种试验，每年分 7 期播种，旨在研究水稻灌浆期光温要素对籽粒灌浆结实的影响，并提取与此有关的光温特性参数。因此，以 Richards 方程拟合观测数据得到的平均灌浆速率为纽带，通过引入光温订正方程，建立 Richards 扩展方程。结合全局优化算法 SCE-UA (Shuffled Complex Evolution Algorithm) ，优化方程参数，估算 2 个品种灌浆结实的光温特征参数和响应曲线。结果显示，光照主要通过影响籽粒最终重量而间接作用于平均灌浆速率，温度则通过影响灌浆进程的快慢作用于平均灌浆速率。陵两优 268 灌浆结实期的光照阈值 ( R 0 ) 、最低 ( T min ) 、最高 ( T max ) 和最适温度 ( T op ) 分别为 18.94 MJ m -2 d -1 、 6.81 ℃ 、 30.28 ℃ 和 33.29 ℃ ; 两优培九上述参数分别为 21.71 MJ m -2 d -1 、 6.10 ℃ 、 24.16 ℃ 和 33.74 ℃ 。形成的光照和温度响应曲线，能够较好地反映两品种平均灌浆速率对光温条件的响应差异，其中陵两优 268 平均灌浆速率表现为 “ 温度敏感型 ” ，而两优培九表现为 “ 光照敏感型 ” 。本文运用数学模型方法定量分析和比较了光温要素对有效灌浆期内平均灌浆速率的影响，其方法和结论为建立相应的农业气象指标，评估气候资源对水稻产量的影响提供了重要参考依据。

... 对水稻籽粒灌浆的拟合一般采用Richards方程^{[3,4,5,6,7,19,22]}, 小麦、玉米籽粒灌浆的拟合多采用Logistic方程^[23,24,25] ...

2014

0.0

杨沈斌, 江晓东, 王应平, 申双和, 石春林, 王萌萌, 陈斐. 基于Richards扩展方程提取水稻灌浆结实温光特性参数. 作物学报, 2014, 40: 1776-1786

Shen X

, Jiang X

, Wang Y

, Shen S

, Shi C

, Wang M

, Chen

. Charactering light and temperature effects on rice grain filling using extended Richards’ equation. Acta Agron Sin, 2014, 40: 1776-1786 (in Chinese with English abstract)

... 对水稻籽粒灌浆的拟合一般采用Richards方程^{[3,4,5,6,7,19,22]}, 小麦、玉米籽粒灌浆的拟合多采用Logistic方程^[23,24,25] ...

2015

0.0

郭明明, 赵广才, 郭文善, 常旭虹, 王德梅, 杨玉双, 王美, 亓振, 王雨, 孙通. 播期对不同筋力型小麦旗叶光合及籽粒灌浆特性的影响. 麦类作物学报, 2015, 35: 192-197

Guo M

, Zhao G

, Guo W

, Chang X

, Wang D

, Yang Y

, Wang

, Qi

, Wang

, Sun

. Effect of different sowing dates on characteristics of flag leaf photosynthesis and grain filling of wheat cultivars with different gluent. J Triticeae Crops, 2015, 35: 192-197 (in Chinese with English abstract)

The effects of sowing dates (September 30 ,October 7 and October 14) on the characteristics of flag leaf photosynthesis and grain filling of wheat cultivars with different gluten were investigated between strong gluten wheat (Jimai 20) and middle gluten wheat (Zhongmai 8) by pot planting experiment. The results indicated that the effects of planting date were different on characteristics of flag leaf photosynthesis and grain filling between Jimai 20 and Zhongmai 8. Proper sowing time was beneficial to enhance the characteristics of flag leaf photosynthesis and grain filling of Jimai 20; however,early seeding could effectively improve the characteristics of flag leaf photosynthesis and grain filling of Zhongmai 8. The dynamic kernel weight change in the grain formation processes of Jimai 20 and Zhongmai 8 were all following the logistic equation under different sowing dates. The suitable planting date for different gluten wheat can realize the coordination and improvement among characteristics of flag leaf photosynthesis and grain filling. The appropriate sowing date of strong gluten wheat (Jimai 20) and middle gluten wheat (Zhongmai 8) was October 7 and September 30,respectively.

为给不同筋型小麦高产种植筛选适宜的播期，以强筋小麦品种济麦20和中筋小麦品种中麦8号为试验材料，采用盆栽方法，研究了播期对两种筋型小麦旗叶光合及籽粒灌浆特性的影响。结果表明,不同播期下济麦20和中麦8号的旗叶光合和籽粒灌浆特性不尽相同。适期播种（10月7日）有利于改善济麦20旗叶光合和籽粒灌浆特性；而早播（9月30日）有利于改善中麦8号旗叶光合和籽粒灌浆特性。不同播期下，济麦20和中麦8号籽粒灌浆进程均符合Logistic方程。在本试验条件下，综合来看，济麦20以10月7日播种最优，而中麦8号以9月30日播种最优。

... 对水稻籽粒灌浆的拟合一般采用Richards方程^{[3,4,5,6,7,19,22]}, 小麦、玉米籽粒灌浆的拟合多采用Logistic方程^[23,24,25] ...

2014

0.0

吴晓丽, 汤永禄, 李朝苏, 吴春, 黄钢, 马蓉. 四川盆地小麦籽粒的灌浆特性. 作物学报, 2014, 40: 337-345

Wu X

, Tang Y

, Li C

, Wu

, Huang

, Ma

. Characteristics of grain filling in wheat growing in Sichuan Basin. Acta Agron Sin, 2014, 40: 337-345 (in Chinese with English abstract)

The growing condition for winter wheat is relatively unfavourable in Sichuan Basin due to less radiation in wheat growing season, drought stress at mid growing stage, and high temperature at late growing stage. Wheat cultivars in this area are commonly characterized with large grain weight and long filling period. Therefore, quality of grain filling is critical to final yield. The objective of this study was to understand the effects of genotype and environment on characteristics of grain filling of wheat in Sichuan Basin. Ten representative cultivars were grown in three locations in 2010–2011 and 2011–2012 wheat growing seasons, and the dynamics of grain filling were observed. The average grain weight was 48.25 g over two years. There were three phases during grain filling, namely grain-filling pyramid period (T 1 ), grain-filling fast increase period (T 2 ), and grain-filling slowly increase period (T 3 ). The durations were sequenced as T 3 (16.30 d) > T 1 (13.41 d) > T 2 (12.98 d), and the grain-filling rates were 0.618, 0.772, and 2.205 mg grain -1 d -1 , respectively. The contributions of biomass to grain were 21.21% in T 1 , 58.27% in T 2 , and 20.53% in T 3 . Clearly, about 80% of dry matter has been accumulated before T 3 phase. In the same growing season, grain weight and grain-filling rates including maximum, ( R max ), mean ( R mean ), and phase ( R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 ) rates of grain filling were mainly influenced by genotype, whereas other parameters for grain filling were mainly influenced by location. Grain weight was significantly correlated with R mean , R max , R 2 , and R 3 . Chuanmai 42, Chuanyu 23, and Chuanmai 56 were characterized with early anthesis, high grain filling speed, long time of grain filling, and large grain weight.

四川盆地小麦灌浆期长，粒重优势明显，但易受环境影响。 2010 — 2011 和 2011 — 2012 年连续 2 个小麦生长季，选用 10 个品种在 3 个地点进行灌浆特性研究，以揭示该区域小麦灌浆参数的基因型差异及环境效应。 2 年平均粒重 48.25 g ，灌浆分为渐增期 (T 1 ) 、快增期 (T 2 ) 和缓增期 (T 3 ) 3 个阶段，各阶段持续时间为 T 3 (16.30 d)>T 1 (13.41 d)>T 2 (12.98 d) ，其灌浆速率分别为 0.618 、 0.772 和 2.205 mg grain -1 d -1 。 3 个阶段的干物质积累贡献率依次为 21.21% (T 1 ) 、 58.27% (T 2 ) 和 20.53% (T 3 ) ，可见快增期结束时可以积累 80% 左右的干物质量。基因型、地点和年份对除粒重以外的所有灌浆参数均有显著影响，以年份的效应最大。同一年中，粒重、最大灌浆速率、平均灌浆速率、缓增期灌浆速率、渐增期灌浆速率和快增期灌浆速率主要受基因型的影响，而其他参数则以地点效应大于基因型效应。粒重与平均灌浆速率、最大灌浆速率、快增期灌浆速率和缓增期灌浆速率呈极显著正相关。 10 个参试品种中，川麦 42 、川育 23 和川麦 56 具开花期早、灌浆速率高、灌浆时间长、粒重大等特征。

... 对水稻籽粒灌浆的拟合一般采用Richards方程^{[3,4,5,6,7,19,22]}, 小麦、玉米籽粒灌浆的拟合多采用Logistic方程^[23,24,25] ...

2007

0.0

王嘉宇, 范淑秀, 徐正进, 陈温福. 几个不同穗型水稻品种籽粒灌浆特性的研究. 作物学报, 2007, 33: 1366-1371

Wang J

, Fan S

, Xu Z

, Chen W

. Filling properties of grains on different positions in a panicle of rice with different panicle types. Acta Agron Sin, 2007, 33: 1366-1371 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Plant type improvement is one of the important methods in rice super high yield breeding, and the erect panicle type is core target of northern japonica rice plant type improvement. The filling properties of grains on different positions in 5 panicle types of rice cultivars were studied in this experiment with a randomized block design, and the data were simulated and analyzed with Richards equation W=A/(1+Be -bt ) 1/N . The results indicated that for a erect panicle cultivar, the filling of the secondary branch grains at the middle and basal parts was significantly inhibited by the primary branch grains at the upper and middle parts because the big erect panicle varieties have more spikelets than those of curved panicle varieties. The grain filling peak value of the secondary branch grains at middle and basal parts in erect panicle cultivar Shennong 265 was smaller, and the time to peak value was later. The maximum filling rate in basal secondary branch grains was about half of that in upper primary branch grains, and the time to maximum filling rate was 10 d later, but after that time the filling rate slowed down, and the dynamic curve of grain weight was close to the linearity, at last the grain weight was also close to that of other positions. When the grains per panicle and grain density of erect panicle cultivars reached to 170 grains/panicle and 10 grains/cm, respectively, there was obvious difference in grain filling of different grain positions between big erect and semi-erect panicle types of rice cultivars, but the middle and basal secondary branch grains could finish normal grain filling, suggesting that erect panicle type cultivars can overcome the negative effect from increased grains/panicle and grain density on a certain extent, which is an important physiological basis for yield potential increase. As for the curved panicle cultivars, the primary branch grains at the upper and middle parts mainly inhibited the middle secondary branch grains in a panicle, and the influence was less than that of the erect panicle cultivars.

为了揭示直立大穗型水稻品种穗上不同粒位籽粒的灌浆特性，以沈农265等5个不同穗型水稻品种为材料进行田间试验，用Richards方程W=A/(1+Be -bt ) 1/N 对不同粒位籽粒的灌浆过程进行统计回归分析。结果表明，不同穗型品种不同粒位籽粒灌浆特性存在较大差异，直立穗型品种沈农265差异最大，相对一次枝梗籽粒和上部二次枝梗籽粒而言，中下部二次枝梗籽粒灌浆峰值低且达到峰值的时间晚，但是达到峰值后下降缓慢，因此籽粒增重曲线接近直线，最终粒重也与其他粒位接近。可见尽管供试的直立大穗型品种不同粒位籽粒灌浆存在比较激烈的竞争，但是中部和下部二次枝梗籽粒完全可以正常充实。

... 王嘉宇等^[26]以东北地区直立穗型、半直立穗型和弯曲穗型品种为试材, 认为这3种穗型品种籽粒灌浆均为同步灌浆型 ...

2013

0.0

杨志远, 孙永健, 徐徽, 秦俭, 贾现文, 马均. 栽培方式与免耕对杂交稻II优498灌浆期根系衰老和籽粒灌浆的影响. 中国农业科学, 2013, 46: 1347-1358

Yang Z

, Sun Y

, Xu

, Qin

, Jia X

, Ma

. Influence of cultivation methods and no-tillage on root senescence at filling stage and grain-filling properties of Eryou 498. Sci Agric Sin, 2013, 46: 1347-1358 (in Chinese with English abstract)

【Objective】In this study, dry weight and bleeding sap of root at grain-filling stage and grain-filling properties of superior and inferior grains were studied to reveal some mark effects of different cultivation methods and no-tillage (NT) on root senescence and grain-filling of Eryou 498. 【Method】 Roots were obtained from paddy field with undistributed soil column, and grain-filling processes of wide and narrow row cultivation (WNR), triangle-planted system of rice intensification (TSRI), wide row and narrow space cultivation (WRNS) and seedling-throwing cultivation (ST) under NT and plow-tillage (PT) were fitted with Richard equation. 【Result】Compared with PT rice, dry weight of root of NT rice was smaller, but its root activity at early and middle grain-filling stages was larger than that of ZT rice, however, root activity of ZT rice at late grain-filling stage was much smaller because of the sharp drop which meant a bad ability in keeping root function, besides, grain yield of ZT rice was smaller than that of PT rice, too. TSRI with the outstanding root function of the four cultivation methods could not adjust to the NT conditions, however, WNR and ST adapted themselves to NT conditions greatly because of the interaction effects between cultivation methods and NT prompted root activity enormously. Cultivation measures not only impacted grain-filling processes greatly but also changed the grain-filling mode. WNR, WRNS and ST were of synchronous grain-filling mode under NT and asynchronous grain-filling mode under PT, however, TSRI was just the opposite of them under different tillage modes. Overall, grain-filling rate at middle grain-filling stage was larger than that at earty and late grain-filling stages, although middle grain-filling period was the shortest of the three, it still made a major contribution to grain-filling.【Conclusion】Cultivation methods and NT had a great influence on root senescence and grain-filling of Eryou 498. Based on root function, WNR and ST were more suitable for NT, however, TSRI showed better under PT. Because of the negative influence of natural environment of Sichuan basin, grain-filling of inferior grains of Eryou 498 was insufficient, so there was still a great yield potential if natural environment was proper, especially for ST under NT and TSRI under PT.

1.Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan 2.Sichuan Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Cultivation in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan

【目的】探明不同栽培方式水稻在翻免耕条件下根系衰老状况以及籽粒灌浆特性。【方法】以重穗型杂交稻Ⅱ优498为试验材料，测量根系伤流量并用原状土柱法挖根考察根干重，用Richard方程拟合宽窄行栽培、三角形强化栽培、宽行窄株栽培以及抛秧栽培在翻耕和免耕条件下的籽粒灌浆过程并进行比较研究。【结果】与翻耕稻相比，免耕稻根量较小，但灌浆前、中期根系活力要高于前者，灌浆后期根系活力急剧降低，维持根系功能的能力较差，产量较低。三角形强化栽培根系功能较其余栽培方式有显著优势，但其对免耕适应性较差，而宽窄行栽培和抛秧栽培与免耕互作可以促进二者在免耕条件下的根系活力。栽培方式与免耕对籽粒灌浆过程产生较大影响，甚至改变灌浆类型。宽窄行栽培、宽行窄株栽培以及抛秧栽培在免耕条件下为同步灌浆型，而在翻耕条件下则为异步灌浆型，三角形强化栽培灌浆类型则相反。总体而言，籽粒中期灌浆速度远大于前期和后期，虽然灌浆持续时间较短，但仍然对籽粒灌浆做出主要贡献。【结论】栽培方式和免耕对杂交稻Ⅱ优498根系衰老和籽粒灌浆过程产生较大影响，从根系角度看，宽窄行栽培和抛秧栽培更适合免耕条件，而三角形强化栽培在翻耕条件下更有利于其优势的发挥。由于四川盆地自然条件因素限制，Ⅱ优498弱势粒并未充分灌浆，尤其是免耕抛秧栽培以及翻耕三角形强化栽培。

... 杨志远等^[27]认为籽粒灌浆类型与水稻自身遗传特性密切相关, 但不同的种植方式也会改变籽粒灌浆类型 ...

2003

0.0

程旺大, 张国平, 姚海根, 吴伟, 王润屹. 密穗型水稻品种的籽粒灌浆特性研究. 作物学报, 2003, 29: 841-846

Cheng W

, Zhang G

, Yao H

, Wu

, Wang R

. Studies on the grain-filling properties of compact panicle type of rice. Acta Agron Sin, 2003, 29: 841-846 (in Chinese with English abstract)

应用Richards方程对密穗型和散穗型水稻品种的籽粒灌浆过程进行拟合,研究了两类水稻品种的灌浆特性.密穗型品种灌浆时不同粒位的养分竞争作用较强, 弱势粒的灌浆过程受强、中势粒的抑制作用较强,特别是灌浆前期,从而导致穗内不同粒位间灌浆速率和持续时间有较大的差异,使强、弱势粒灌浆过程呈明显的异步性,在灌浆特性上表现为

... 程旺大等^[28]认为散穗型品种的米粒终极生长量高于密穗型品种, 散穗型和密穗型品种强、中势粒起始生长势和最大灌浆速率均较为接近 ...

2002

0.0

杨建昌, 王国忠, 王志琴, 刘立军, 朱庆森. 旱种水稻灌浆特性与灌浆期籽粒中激素含量的变化. 作物学报, 2002, 28: 615-621

Yang J

, Wang G

, Wang Z

, Liu L

, Zhu Q

. Grain-filling characteristics and changes of hormonal content in the grains of dry-cultivated rice during grain-filling. Acta Agron Sin, 2002, 28: 615-621 (in Chinese with English abstract)

以粳稻武育粳3号和杂交籼稻汕优63为材料, 研究了旱种(地膜覆盖栽培)水稻籽粒灌浆特性与灌浆期籽粒中激素含量的变化. 与水种(常规栽培)相比, 旱种水稻的粒重减轻, 最大灌浆速率和平均灌浆速率增大, 达到最大灌浆速率的时间提前, 活跃灌浆期缩短, 弱势粒尤为明显. 灌浆前期籽粒中的吲哚乙酸(IAA)、玉米素核苷(ZR)和脱落酸(ABA

... 杨建昌等^[29]认为与常规水种栽培相比, 旱种水稻的最大灌浆速率和平均灌浆速率增大、达到最大灌浆速率的时间提前、活跃灌浆期缩短 ...

2012

0.0

林建荣, 宋昕蔚, 吴明国. 4份籼粳中间型广亲和恢复系的生物学特性及其杂种优势利用. 中国水稻科学, 2012, 26: 656-662

Lin J

, Song X

, Wu M

. Biological characteristics and heterosis utilization of four indica-japonica intermediate type restore lines with wide compatibility. Chin J Rice Sci, 2012, 26: 656-662 (in Chinese with English abstract)

通过籼粳杂交、广亲和特性鉴定以及育性恢复能力测定等手段,选育出CH58、CH59、C18和C84四个籼粳中间型广亲和恢复系.生物学特性研究结果表明,CH58、CH59、C18和C84的程氏指数分别为11、 13、13和15,其中CH58、CH59和C18的籼粳属性为偏籼,C84为偏粳.广亲和特性鉴定和育性恢复能力测定结果表明,四个恢复系具有良好的广亲和性,且都能恢复滇型、BT型、矮败型等粳稻不育系以及野败型、印水型等籼稻不育系的育性,恢复谱广.花时特性研究表明,籼粳中间型广亲和恢复系的开花高峰要明显早于粳稻不育系春江16A.粳不籼恢亚种间杂交稻在单株产量、每穗粒数、二次枝梗数、株高、一次枝梗数和剑叶宽等性状上表现出明显的中亲优势和竞争优势.利用CH58等四个籼粳中间型广亲和恢复系与粳稻不育系配组,已选育出春优58、春优658、春优59、春优618等粳不籼恢亚种间杂交稻,已通过国家、浙江省等品种审定.CH58等四个籼粳中间型广亲和恢复系广亲和性好,恢复谱广,在三系法籼粳亚种间杂种优势利用中具有良好的应用前景.

... 因此, 如何提高籼粳杂交稻的结实率一直是育种和栽培领域研究的重点^[30,31] ...

2014

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廖色梅, 尹超, 石书兵, 邓应德, 张海清. 亚种间杂交稻干物质分配及其与筛管结构和细胞活性相关性研究综述. 中国农学通报, 2014, 30(12): 8-13

Liao S

, Yin

, Shi S

, Deng Y

, Zhang H

. Research review on dry matter distribution and its screens structure and celluar activity relationships of intersubspecific hybrid rice. Chin Agric Sci Bull, 2014, 30(12): 8-13 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Intersubspecific Hybrid Rice in the exhibit on the accumulation of photosynthetic products and varieties of hybrid rice and conventional rice obvious advantages, but become dry matter conversion rate between subspecies bottleneck in high yield hybrid rice. In this paper, subspecies hybrid rice dry matter conversion factors (subspecies physiological characteristics of hybrid rice, cultivation practices, ecological conditions, morphological, genetic mechanisms, molecular biology) and other aspects of a brief overview, and to subspecies hybrid Rice flow characteristics of the source repository and cellular activity factor, proposed for the subspecies hybrid Rice dry matter partitioning and screens and cellular structure activity relationships of necessity.

籼粳亚种间杂交稻在光合产物积累上表现出与品种间杂交稻和常规稻的明显优势，但干物质转化率低成为籼粳亚种间杂交稻获得高产的瓶颈。本文对亚种间杂交稻干物质转化的影响因素(亚种间杂交稻的生理特性、栽培措施、生态条件、形态特征、遗传机理、分子生物学）等方面进行了简要概述，并就亚种间杂交稻的源库流特征和细胞活性因子，提出对籼粳亚种间杂交稻干物质分配与筛管结构和细胞活性相关性研究的必要性。

... 因此, 如何提高籼粳杂交稻的结实率一直是育种和栽培领域研究的重点^[30,31] ...

1991

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... Mohapatra等^[32]、Ohsumi等^[33]的研究表明, 每穗粒数与结实率呈负相关 ...

2011

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... Mohapatra等^[32]、Ohsumi等^[33]的研究表明, 每穗粒数与结实率呈负相关 ...

2002

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... Yang等^[34]认为通过选择结实率较高的父、母本, 可以组配出结实率较高的大穗型籼粳杂交稻品种 ...

2014

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禹盛苗, 朱练峰, 张均华, 吴明国, 金千瑜. 杂交粳稻春优84的生育特性及高产栽培技术. 中国稻米, 2014, 20(3): 77-79

Yu S

, Zhu L

, Zhang J

, Wu M

, Jin Q

. Characteristics and high-yielding cultivation techniques of the new hybrid japonica rice combination Chunyou 84. China Rice, 2014, 20(3): 77-79 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Chunyou 84 was developed by China National Rice Research Institute and Zhejiang Nongke Seed Industry CO., Ltd. Chunyou 84 belongs to three-line hybrid japonica rice, and the female parent of this combination is Chunjiang 16A, the male parent of this combination is C84. Chunyou 84 performed well in the field, showing stronger stem, higher lodging resistance, bigger panicles, higher spikelet fertility and good grain quality. Chunyou 84 was released by Zhejiang provincial crop variety appraisal committee in 2013 . The combination is suitable for cultivation in Zhejiang province as single cropping late rice. The growth characteristics and key cultivation techniques for high yield of Chunyou 84 were concluded in this study.

春优84是中国水稻研究所和浙江农科种业有限公司合作，用春江16A与C84组配而成的三系杂交粳稻新组合。该组合表现出茎秆粗壮、耐肥抗倒、穗大粒多、丰产性好，米质较优等特点。2013年通过浙江省农作物品种审定委员会审定，适宜在浙江省作单季晚稻种植。本文总结了该组合的生育特性及高产栽培技术要点。

2014

0.0

刘立军, 王康君, 卞金龙, 熊溢伟, 王志琴, 杨建昌. 结实期干湿交替灌溉对籽粒蛋白质含量不同的转基因水稻的生理特性及产量的影响. 中国水稻科学, 2014, 28: 384-390

Liu L

, Wang K

, Bian J

, Xiong Y

, Wang Z

, Yang J

. Effect of alternate wetting and soil drying irrigation during grain filling on the physiological traits and yield of transgenic rice with different protein content in grains. Chin J Rice Sci, 2014, 28: 384-390 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Little is known on the yield response to water management for those rice cultivars with different protein content in grains (PCG). Effect of alternate wetting and soil drying irrigation during grain filling on grain yield and its physiological traits were investigated with Nipponbare and its two transgenic strains differing in PCG as materials. The results showed that the filled grain rate and grain yield were decreased with increasing PCG under the same water treatment. Alternate wetting and moderate soil drying irrigation (WMD) during grain filling significantly increased grain yield. Qenzyme activity in rice grains, root oxidation activity, membrane lipid peroxidation enzyme activities in the flag leaves and the translocation of nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) in rice stem were also significantly increased under WMD. And the increasing extent of grain yield and the above physiological traits was higher in the rice lines with higher PCG than those with lower PCG. Alternate wetting and severe soil drying irrigation (WSD) during grain filling significantly decreased filled grain rate and yield, Qenzyme activity in rice grains, root oxidation activity, membrane lipid peroxidation enzyme activities in the flag leaves and the translocation of nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) in rice stem, when compared with conventional irrigation. And the decreasing extent of grain yield and the above physiological traits was higher in the rice lines with higher PCG than those with lower PCG. The changes of these physiological traits were probably the main reasons for the yield variation of rice lines with different PCG.

籽粒蛋白质含量不同的水稻品种产量对水分的响应缺乏研究。以日本晴及以其为亲本获得的两个籽粒蛋白质含量有明显差异的转基因水稻株系为材料，研究了结实期干湿交替灌溉对上述水稻产量和生理特性的影响。结果表明，在结实期相同水分处理条件下，水稻结实率和产量随籽粒蛋白质含量增加而降低。与常规灌溉相比，结实期轻干湿交替灌溉明显提高了水稻结实率和产量。籽粒中Q酶活性、根系氧化力、剑叶膜脂过氧化物酶的活性以及茎鞘中非结构性碳水化合物（NSC）的表观输出量也明显提高。籽粒蛋白质含量高的材料的产量和上述生理指标的提高幅度均高于籽粒蛋白质含量低的水稻材料。结实期重干湿交替灌溉则明显降低了水稻的结实率和产量，籽粒中Q酶活性、根系氧化力、剑叶膜脂过氧化物酶的活性以及茎鞘中非结构性碳水化合物（NSC）的表观输出量也明显降低，且籽粒蛋白质含量高的材料的产量和上述生理收稿日期: 20131028；修改稿收到日期: 20140324。基金项目: 国家自然科学基金资助项目(31171481，31371562)；农业公益性行业科研专项（201203031）；江苏高校优势学科建设工程；江苏高校科技创新团队；农业部科研创新团队和扬州大学科技创新培育基金资助项目(2012CXJ051)。指标的降幅均高于籽粒蛋白质含量低的水稻材料。这些生理指标的变化可能是结实期干湿交替灌溉引起籽粒蛋白质含量不同的水稻材料产量产生差异的重要生理原因。

... 因此, 在灌浆中、后期, 切勿断水过早, 可采用干湿交替灌溉, 不仅可协调水气, 还可延缓植株及根系早衰, 促使灌浆籽粒充实^[36] ...