绿豆品种资源萌发期耐碱性鉴定

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徐宁, 陈冰嬬, 王明海, 包淑英, 王桂芳, 郭中校. 绿豆品种资源萌发期耐碱性鉴定.作物学报, 2016, 43(1): 112-121
XU Ning, CHEN Bing-Ru, WANG Ming-Hai, BAO Shu-Ying, WANG Gui-Fang, GUO Zhong-Xiao. Identification of Alkali Tolerance of Mungbean Germplasm Resources during Germination. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2016, 43(1): 112-121 复制到剪切板

Doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2017.00112
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作物学报编辑部

绿豆品种资源萌发期耐碱性鉴定

徐宁^*, 陈冰嬬^*, 王明海, 包淑英, 王桂芳, 郭中校^*

吉林省农业科学院作物资源研究所, 吉林公主岭 136100

^*通讯作者(Corresponding author): 郭中校, E-mail:guozhx@cjaas.com ^** 同等贡献(Contributed equally to this work)

第一作者联系方式: 徐宁, E-mail:xunig2008@163.com; 陈冰嬬, E-mail:chenbingxu2008@126.com

收稿日期:2016-07-11

基金:本研究由国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAD07B05-12), 国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-09-Z9), 吉林省农业科技创新工程(2014-1138)和吉林省育种专项资金资助(2014-65)

摘要

采用人工气候箱内培养皿培养, 以混合碱NaHCO₃∶Na₂CO₃(摩尔比)为9∶1模拟典型东北地区碱胁迫环境, 在萌发期以50 mmol L^-1溶液处理34份绿豆品种资源, 蒸馏水处理为对照, 每培养皿放30粒种子。培养第3天测定发芽势, 第7天测定发芽率、下胚轴长、胚根长、下胚轴干重、胚根干重等指标, 通过隶属函数法和聚类分析对参试材料耐碱性综合评价, 并进行因子分析。利用隶属函数法对参试材料耐碱性排序表明, 不同绿豆品种资源间表现出较大差异, 聚类分析把参试材料按耐碱性强弱分为4大类, 白绿11等9份材料为耐碱类型, 公绿1号等19份材料为耐碱中间类型, 吉绿3号等5份材料为碱敏感类型, 潍绿7号为碱极敏感类型。因子分析结果表明, 萌发指数、下胚轴干重、胚根长分别在萌发因子、生物量累积因子和伸长因子中的负荷量最大, 可作为绿豆萌发期耐碱性鉴定的适宜指标。

关键词: 绿豆; 萌发期; 耐碱性; 隶属函数; 聚类分析; 因子分析

Identification of Alkali Tolerance of Mungbean Germplasm Resources during Germination

XU Ning^**, CHEN Bing-Ru^**, WANG Ming-Hai, BAO Shu-Ying, WANG Gui-Fang, GUO Zhong-Xiao^*

Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling 136100, China

Fund:This study was supported by the National Key Technology Support Program of China (2014BAD07B05-12), the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-09-Z9), the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Jilin Province (2014-1138), and the Breeding Program of Jilin Province (2014-65)

Abstract

Mixed alkali (NaHCO₃ : Na₂CO₃ with the mole ratio of 9 : 1) was used to simulate the typical alkali stress environment in Northeast China. The seeds of 34 accessions of mungbean germplasm resources were treated with 50 mmol L^-1 solution with distilled water as control and germinated in petri dishes for seven days. The germinating energy was measured on the third day and the germination rate, hypocotyl length, radicle length, hypocotyl dry weight, and radicle dry weight were measured on the seventh day. Through the subordinative function analysis, clustering analysis, and factor analysis, the alkali tolerance of 34 mungbean materials were evaluated. All of the materials based on subordinative function were clustered into four groups: nine accessions were tolerant to alkali, e.g. Bailyu 11, 19 accessions had midium tolerance, e.g. Gonglyu 1, five accessions were sensitive to alkali, e.g. Jilyu 3, and Weilyu 7 was strongly sensitive to alkali. The vigor index, hypocotyl dry weight, and radicle length were the most significant indexes which are recommended as the suitable indexes for identifying alkali tolerance of mungbean at germination. The results lay a foundation for alkali tolerance gene mining and variety improvement in mungbean.

Keyword: Mungbean; Germination; Alkali tolerance; Subordinative function analysis; Cluster analysis; Factor analysis

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吉林省绿豆种植面积、产量均约占全国水平的五分之一^[1], 其种植区在吉林省西部, 该区域的盐碱地是世界公认的三大苏打盐碱土分布区之一^[2], 盐碱地面积9.69× 10⁵ hm², 其中中度盐碱地面积为4.64× 10⁵ hm², 占盐碱地面积的47.90%, 重度盐碱地面积为4.44× 10⁵ hm², 占盐碱地面积的45.84%。Na₂CO₃和NaHCO₃是苏打盐碱土的主要盐碱成分, 不仅具有与NaCl等中性盐胁迫相同的Na⁺离子毒害、渗透胁迫作用, 其大量的CO₃^2-、HCO₃^-还会造成土壤pH显著升高^[3], 严重干扰植物对矿质营养的吸收, 造成植物体内营养元素比例失调和植物的新陈代谢紊乱^{[4, 5]}, 碱胁迫的作用明显大于盐胁迫^[6]。

培育耐盐碱的优良品种是应对土地盐碱化问题最经济有效的办法之一^[7], 因此, 鉴定和评价不同绿豆品种资源的耐盐碱性, 对于有效利用盐碱化土地, 实现高产稳产, 增加农民收入, 具有重要的现实意义。有研究指出, 种子萌发期及苗期是作物在盐渍环境下生长的关键及敏感阶段^{[8, 9]}, 避开敏感时期以后, 作物在各发育时期均能较好地生长发育。因而, 目前对玉米^{[10, 11]}、水稻^[12]、大豆^[13]、高粱^[14]、向日葵^[15]等作物耐盐碱鉴定的时期大都集中在萌发期和苗期, 而且主要采用单一成分的盐或碱进行胁迫。绿豆被公认为耐盐碱作物, 但对其萌发期耐盐碱的鉴定还未见系统报道。本研究针对吉林省西部苏打盐碱地, 以混合碱模拟其碱胁迫环境, 在萌发期调查34份品种资源的相关性状, 综合评价不同绿豆品种资源的耐碱性, 探索绿豆种质耐碱性鉴定方法, 为耐碱基因发掘与种质创新奠定基础。

1 材料与方法

1.1 试验材料

34份供试材料中26份是食用豆体系近期育成的品种(系), 由吉林省农业科学院作物资源研究所、河北省农林科学院粮油作物研究所、吉林省白城市农业科学院、河北省保定市农业科学院、山东省潍坊市农业科学院提供; 8份是近几年通过精准鉴定筛选出的优异种质, 由中国农业科学院作物科学研究所提供(表1)。

表1 参试品种资源及供种单位 Table 1 Mungbean germplasm resources and their origins

编号 Code	材料 Material	供种单位 Origin
1	公绿1号 Gonglyu 1	吉林省农业科学院 Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences
2	公绿2号 Gonglyu 2	吉林省农业科学院 Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences
3	吉绿3号 Jilyu 3	吉林省农业科学院 Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences
4	吉绿4号 Jilyu 4	吉林省农业科学院 Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences
5	吉绿5号 Jilyu 5	吉林省农业科学院 Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences
6	吉绿6号 Jilyu 6	吉林省农业科学院 Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences
7	吉绿7号 Jilyu 7	吉林省农业科学院 Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences
8	吉绿8号 Jilyu 8	吉林省农业科学院 Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences
9	吉绿9号 Jilyu 9	吉林省农业科学院 Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences
10	吉绿10号 Jilyu 10	吉林省农业科学院 Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences
11	吉绿11 Jilyu 11	吉林省农业科学院 Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences
12	吉9346 Ji 9346	吉林省农业科学院 Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences
13	洮218 Tao 218	吉林省农业科学院 Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences
14	洮98502 Tao 98502	吉林省农业科学院 Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences
15	洮绿3号 Taolyu 3	吉林省农业科学院 Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences
16	洮绿5号 Taolyu 5	吉林省农业科学院 Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences
17	L4374	吉林省农业科学院 Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences
18	LD063	吉林省农业科学院 Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences
19	白绿6号 Bailyu 6	吉林省白城市农业科学院 Baicheng Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin
20	白绿11 Bailyu11	吉林省白城市农业科学院 Baicheng Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin
21	冀绿2号 Jilyu 2	河北省农林科学院 Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences
22	冀绿7号 Jilyu 7	河北省农林科学院 Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences
23	冀绿8号 Jilyu 8	河北省农林科学院 Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences
24	冀绿9号 Jilyu 9	河北省农林科学院 Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences
25	保942 Bao 942	河北省保定市农业科学院 Baoding Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hebei
26	潍绿7号 Weilyu 7	山东省潍坊市农业科学院 Weifang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong
27	清水河绿豆 Qingshuihelyudou	中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
28	河南黑绿豆 Henanheilyudou	中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
29	明绿1号 Minglyu 1	中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
30	XLD1	中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
31	XLD2	中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
32	XLD4	中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
33	XLD5	中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
34	XLD9	中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

表1 参试品种资源及供种单位 Table 1 Mungbean germplasm resources and their origins

1.2 试验设计

采用GTOP-1000D智能光照培养箱培养。挑选大小一致、籽粒饱满的种子, 经0.1%的氯化汞溶液消毒10 min, 自来水冲洗3次, 去离子水冲洗3次, 吸干表面水分后, 接于铺双层滤纸的培养皿, 每个培养皿30粒种子。为了确定绿豆萌发期耐碱筛选的适宜浓度, 前期用吉绿3号、吉绿5号、吉绿6号、吉绿8号、洮98502、白绿6号、白绿11、冀绿7号、冀绿9号、XLD5共10份材料, 分别采用0 (CK)、25、50、75、100、125 mmol L^-1混合碱(NaHCO₃∶ Na₂CO₃的摩尔比为9∶ 1)溶液进行预试验。在浓度为25 mmol· L^-1下, 发芽率及生长的相关性状与对照无明显区别。在75 mmol L^-1及以上浓度下, 种子发育均明显受到抑制, 发芽率极低。在浓度为50 mmol L^-1下, 品种间发芽率及相关性状有明显差异, 因此, 确定50 mmol L^-1为适宜浓度, 其pH为9.12。在该浓度下鉴定34份材料, 蒸馏水作为对照, 3次重复。每个培养皿中加入25 mL蒸馏水或混合碱溶液, 于25℃智能光照培养箱避光培养, 培养箱两侧安装加湿器以补充水分。胚根与种子籽粒等长及2片子叶叶瓣完好或破裂低于1/3即为发芽。

1.3 指标测定

发芽势 = 第3天发芽种子数/供试种子数× 100%; 发芽率 = 第7天发芽种子数/供试种子数× 100%; 发芽指数G_i= ∑ (G_t/D_t), 其中, D_t为发芽日数, G_t为相对应的每日发芽种子数; 活力指数V_i = 发芽指数G_i × 胚根干重。第7天测量胚根干重及长度、下胚轴干重及长度。子叶下部干重 = 下胚轴干重+胚根干重。胚根干重、下胚轴干重及子叶下部干重均以10株计。

1.4 统计分析

采用平均隶属函数值法综合评价34份绿豆品种资源萌发期耐碱性。F_ij = (X_ij-X_min)/(X_max-X_min), F_i = (1/n)∑ F_ij。式中, F_ij为第i个材料第j个性状的隶属值, X_ij为第i个材料第j个性状胁迫对非胁迫的比值; X_max、X_min分别为该性状中最大、最小比值。最后按材料将各性状的隶属函数值平均, 得平均隶属函数值F_i。用Microsoft Excel 2007处理基本数据, 用DPS14.10进行相关性分析、聚类分析及因子分析。其中进行因子分析时, 因子个数的选取参考2条重要原则^[16], 一是使累积方差占总方差的80%以上; 二是令特征值大于等于1。

2 结果与分析

2.1 绿豆萌发期指标

在50 mmol L^-1混合碱液胁迫下, 各指标均不同程度地受到抑制(表2)。其中, 受抑制最严重的指标为活力指数和胚根长度, 均值分别为0.09 cm和0.98 cm, 较对照分别下降83.33%和81.37%。胚根干重、下胚轴干重、子叶下部干重、下胚轴长、发芽势、发芽指数、发芽率均值分别为0.01 g、0.06 g、0.07 g、2.27 cm、50.04%、7.73、84.43%, 较对照分别下降75.00%、68.42%、66.67%、63.84%、45.66%、35.58%和13.99%。此外, 在混合碱胁迫下, 各指标的变异系数均增加, 其中下胚轴干重的变异系数最大, 比对照增加了22.99%。变异系数较对照增加最大的是发芽率, 较对照增加200.01%, 说明参试材料在碱胁迫下各指标的差异更显著。

表2 混合碱胁迫下绿豆萌发期各指标的变化 Table 2 Changes of the germination indices for 34 accessions of mungbean under mixed alkali stress

2.2 指标的相关性

混合碱胁迫下绿豆参试材料9个指标的相对值相关性分析表明(表3), 相对胚根长除与相对下胚轴长呈极显著正相关外, 与其余7个指标相关不显著。相对下胚轴长除与相对活力指数、相对胚根干重相关不显著外, 与其余6个指标呈显著或极显著正相关。其余7个指标间均呈显著或极显著正相关, 其中相对子叶下部干重与相对下胚轴干重呈极显著正相关, 相关系数最高, 达到了0.990; 相对发芽率与相对发芽指数、相对发芽势、相对活力指数呈极显著正相关, 相关系数也分别达0.912、0.745和0.712; 相对活力指数与相对胚根干重呈极显著正相关, 相关系数为0.880。

表3 混合碱胁迫下各指标的相关系数 Table 3 Correlation coefficients between indices under mixed alkali stress

2.3 绿豆品种资源耐碱性综合评价

通过计算并比较平均隶属函数值确定了34份参试材料耐碱性的排序(表4)。白绿11、河南黑绿豆耐碱性最好, 平均隶属函数值分别达到了0.843和0.772。潍绿7号的耐碱性最差。

表4 混合碱胁迫下绿豆品种资源平均隶属函数值 Table 4 Average subordinative function value of 34 accessions of mungbean germplasm resources under mixed alkali stress

编号 Code	GP	GT	GI	VI	HDW	RDW	DWBC	HL	RL	平均隶属函数值 ASFV	排序 Rank
1	0.471	0.867	0.745	0.771	0.485	0.812	0.571	0.768	0.627	0.680	10
2	0.636	0.793	0.653	0.526	0.394	0.612	0.461	0.357	0.329	0.529	28
3	0.420	0.895	0.675	0.447	0.287	0.497	0.345	0.418	0.376	0.484	29
4	0.435	0.852	0.596	0.319	0.306	0.387	0.343	0.347	0.279	0.429	32
5	0.697	0.897	0.665	0.587	0.553	0.676	0.617	0.422	0.244	0.595	21
6	0.619	0.910	0.787	0.571	0.686	0.559	0.716	0.929	0.860	0.737	4
7	0.451	0.912	0.787	0.735	0.361	0.733	0.453	0.408	0.171	0.557	24
8	0.833	0.971	0.798	1.000	0.293	1.000	0.423	0.158	0.203	0.631	15
9	0.872	0.970	0.731	0.635	0.474	0.672	0.543	0.825	0.906	0.736	5
10	0.512	0.926	0.857	0.555	0.551	0.498	0.593	0.763	0.278	0.615	16
11	0.723	0.897	0.700	0.397	0.287	0.421	0.332	0.297	0.218	0.475	30
12	0.758	1.000	0.832	0.797	0.817	0.757	0.868	0.811	0.218	0.762	3
13	0.709	0.941	0.776	0.570	0.432	0.565	0.488	0.746	0.740	0.663	12
14	0.586	0.971	0.886	0.648	0.449	0.570	0.504	0.339	0.317	0.585	22
15	0.568	0.912	0.613	0.625	0.630	0.781	0.703	0.401	0.202	0.604	18
16	0.464	0.838	0.651	0.756	0.607	0.903	0.701	0.575	0.375	0.652	13
17	0.226	0.483	0.393	0.435	0.406	0.794	0.499	0.000	0.181	0.380	33
18	0.549	0.941	0.818	0.588	0.561	0.555	0.600	1.000	1.000	0.735	6
19	0.731	0.956	0.782	0.872	0.435	0.884	0.529	0.627	0.776	0.732	7
20	1.000	1.000	0.781	0.796	0.914	0.802	0.980	0.865	0.447	0.843	1
21	0.798	0.808	0.609	0.481	0.588	0.595	0.632	0.235	0.085	0.537	27
22	0.728	0.793	0.622	0.476	1.000	0.577	1.000	0.900	0.368	0.718	8
23	0.530	0.926	1.000	0.677	0.573	0.530	0.614	0.197	0.000	0.561	23
24	0.686	0.912	0.729	0.654	0.634	0.697	0.693	0.288	0.125	0.602	20
25	0.335	0.667	0.547	0.410	0.419	0.554	0.474	0.250	0.315	0.441	31
26	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.086	0.444	0.059	34
27	0.690	0.970	0.740	0.636	0.650	0.666	0.702	0.669	0.576	0.700	9
28	0.740	0.956	0.708	0.763	0.758	0.843	0.830	0.564	0.785	0.772	2
29	0.499	0.823	0.670	0.344	0.418	0.376	0.424	0.599	0.717	0.541	26
30	0.588	0.705	0.481	0.354	0.561	0.532	0.598	0.753	0.882	0.606	17
31	0.619	0.897	0.713	0.491	0.682	0.522	0.702	0.489	0.314	0.603	19
32	0.570	0.787	0.584	0.728	0.719	0.959	0.812	0.413	0.186	0.640	14
33	0.765	0.882	0.815	0.589	0.933	0.558	0.936	0.482	0.070	0.670	11
34	0.488	0.850	0.701	0.513	0.393	0.557	0.450	0.447	0.588	0.554	25

GT: germination rate; GP: germination potential; GI: germination index; VI: vigour index; HDW: hypocotyl dry weight; RDW: radicle dry weight; DWBC: dry weight below cotyledon; HL: hypocotyl length; RL: radicle length; ASFV: average subordinative function value.

GT: 发芽率; GP: 发芽势; GI: 发芽指数; VI: 活力指数; HDW: 下胚轴干重; RDW: 胚根干重; DWBC: 子叶下部干重; HL: 下胚轴长; RL: 胚根长。

表4 混合碱胁迫下绿豆品种资源平均隶属函数值 Table 4 Average subordinative function value of 34 accessions of mungbean germplasm resources under mixed alkali stress

2.4 绿豆品种资源耐碱性聚类分析

利用34份参试材料的平均隶属函数值经卡方距离可变类平均法进行聚类分析(图1), 可分为4个类群。第I类群包括白绿11、河南黑绿豆、吉9346、吉绿6号、吉绿9号、LD063、白绿6号、冀绿7号、清水河绿豆共9份材料, 占参试材料的26.47%。该类群所有材料平均隶属函数值均不低于0.7, 属于耐碱品种。该类群又分为2组, 其中白绿11平均隶属函数值高于0.8, 单独为一组, 属于高耐碱品种, 其余8份材料聚为一组。第II类群包括公绿1号、XLD5、洮218、洮绿5号、XLD4、吉绿8号、吉绿10号、XLD1、洮绿3号、XLD2、冀绿9号、吉绿5号、洮98502、冀绿8号、吉绿7号、XLD9、明绿1号、冀绿2号、公绿2号共19份材料, 占参试材料的55.88%。该类群所有材料平均隶属函数值介于0.5~0.7间, 属于耐碱中间类型。第III类群包括吉绿3号、吉绿11、保942、吉绿4号、L4374共5份材料, 占参试材料的14.71%。该类群材料平均隶属函数值介于0.3~0.5间, 属于对碱敏感类型。第IV类群包括潍绿7号1份材料, 平均隶属函数值极低, 为0.059, 属于对碱极敏感类型。

	Figure Option View Download New Window
	图1 34份绿豆品种资源的耐碱性聚类图 * 代表冀绿系列绿豆品种。Fig. 1 Dendrogram on alkali tolerance of 34 accessions of mungbean germplasm resources * Denote the varieties bred in Hebei province.

2.5 绿豆品种资源耐碱性的因子分析

本研究中因子个数取为3, 获得的特征值和贡献率见表5。可见, 因子个数取为3能够满足“ 1.4” 中的2个原则, 前3个因子所包含的信息量占总体信息量的84.507%, 且第3个因子的特征值为1.168, 大于1。进一步获得的因子载荷矩阵见表6, 反映的是3个主因子与9个测定指标间的相关性。

表5 所有因子特征值以及贡献率 Table 5 Eigen values of all factors and their contributions

第一主因子与活力指数、发芽率、发芽指数相关性最大, 相关系数分别为0.904、0.882和0.849, 它们主要反映了绿豆发芽萌发的状况, 可称之为萌发因子。

第二主因子与下胚轴干重、子叶下部干重的相关性最大, 相关系数分别为0.959和0.934, 这2个指标主要反映了绿豆子叶下部干物质的积累状况, 可称之为生物量累积因子。

第三主因子与胚根长、下胚轴长的相关性最大, 相关系数分别为0.923和0.831, 这2个指标主要反映的是绿豆子叶下部的伸长状况, 可称之为伸长因子。

综上所述, 萌发因子、生物量累积因子、伸长因子的累计贡献率为84.507%, 丢失的信息较少, 活力指数、下胚轴干重、胚根长分别与这3个主因子的相关系数均超过了0.9, 具有较高的相关性, 因此活力指数、下胚轴干重、胚根长能够作为绿豆萌发期耐碱性鉴定的筛选指标。

表6 3个主因子载荷矩阵 Table 6 Loading matrix of three factors

3 讨论

3.1 绿豆萌发期耐碱性鉴定与评价方法的选择

农作物耐盐碱鉴定一般分为萌发期鉴定和幼苗期鉴定, 萌发期耐盐碱能力决定了种子的出苗率^[17], 也可以在相对较短时间内对大量品种资源进行鉴定, 具有可操作性强、周期短、效率高的特点, 可用于大批量绿豆品种资源耐盐碱性的初步评价, 并且在高粱^[18]、玉米^[19]、粟类^{[20, 21]}等作物上萌发期的耐盐碱性与成株期的耐盐碱性是一致的。

盐碱土壤的可溶性盐主要由Na⁺、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、Cl^-、SO₄^2-、CO₃^2-、HCO₃^-等离子组成, 盐碱胁迫下, 植物除受到大量盐离子毒害外, 还有高pH对植物的影响^{[22, 23]}。针对东北地区苏打盐碱地组成成分, 阴离子主要以CO₃^2-、HCO₃^-为主, 阳离子主要以Na⁺为主的特点, 本研究采用50 mmol L^-1混合碱溶液模拟胁迫条件, 更能反映东北地区盐碱土壤的真实胁迫情况。

隶属函数值法是一种较好的抗逆性综合评价方法, 配合恰当的抗逆性指标, 就能较为准确地评价作物间以及品种间的抗逆性差异, 也能避免单一指标的片面性。应用此方法, 在大豆^{[24, 25]}、油菜^{[26, 27]}、玉米^[28]、绿豆^{[29, 30, 31, 32]}耐旱性鉴定以及高粱^{[33, 34]}、棉花^[35]、小麦^[36]、野生大豆^[37]耐盐碱鉴定中对作物的抗逆性进行了全面、有效的评价。本研究利用9个测定指标的平均隶属函数值对收集的34份绿豆品种资源的萌发期耐碱性综合评价表明, 不同参试材料的耐碱性存在较大差异。聚类结果依据隶属函数值能够把所有参试材料划分为耐碱类型、耐碱中间类型、碱敏感类型和碱极敏感类型。在9份耐碱类型中, 白绿11平均隶属函数值达到了0.843, 可以看作极耐碱品种。

3.2 混合碱对绿豆萌发的影响

土壤盐化和碱化往往相伴而生, 在中国东北地区尤为严重。碱胁迫的高pH是限制植物生长和发育的关键因素, 尤其是对于植物根系, 高pH可能干扰根系选择性吸收K⁺、Na⁺的能力, 导致植物体内Na⁺、K⁺不平衡, 严重干扰了Na⁺区域化, 使细胞质中Na⁺大量积累, 对细胞质构成毒害^[6]。本研究中, 50 mmol L^-1混合碱(pH 9.12)胁迫对绿豆种子萌发的抑制作用表现在多种性状上, 且抑制程度存在差异(表2)。受抑制程度较大的指标有活力指数、胚根长度和胚根干重, 较对照分别下降了83.33%、81.37%和75.00%, 这3个指标均与胚根有关。绿豆种子萌发时, 胚根先穿过种孔而出, 向土壤深处迅速生长, 因此, 根系作为吸收水肥的重要器官较早与碱有了更直接的接触, 并最先对碱胁迫作出响应。而与下胚轴有关的指标下胚轴干重、子叶下部干重、下胚轴长受抑制程度仅次于与胚根有关的指标, 较对照分别下降了68.42%、66.67%和63.84%。胚根长出后, 下胚轴即向上伸长, 绿豆下胚轴有较强的延伸能力, 因此绿豆出苗时子叶出土, 下胚轴的生长情况对绿豆出苗率有较大的影响, 这可能是下胚轴紧跟胚根对碱胁迫作出响应的原因。

3.3 绿豆萌发期耐碱性鉴定指标的选择

作物耐盐碱性状是受多个数量性状基因座调控的复杂性状^[38], 作物耐盐碱能力是多种代谢的综合表现^[39], 用不同的鉴定指标评价同一个作物品种可能会得到不同的结果^[40]。因子分析能够用相对少量的几个因子解释原来许多相互关联的变量之间的关系, 是寻找对观察结果起支配作用的潜在因子的探索性统计分析方法。本研究中, 选用的9个指标间存在着显著或极显著的相关性(表3), 信息重叠度高。通过因子分析, 将9个指标归纳为3个主因子, 依次为萌发因子、生物量累积因子、伸长因子, 进而筛选出活力指数、下胚轴干重、胚根长为绿豆萌发期耐碱性鉴定的指标。

计算了参试材料以活力指数、下胚轴干重、胚根长为鉴定指标的平均隶属函数值。河南黑绿豆、白绿11的平均隶属函数值最高, 分别为0.769和0.719, 综合评价中这2份品种资源的耐碱性分别排第二、第一。潍绿7号的耐碱性最差, 与综合评价中的排序一致。与绿豆品种资源耐碱性综合评价的排序相比, 只有6份参试材料的排序变化高于3, 其余28份参试材料的排序变化均不高于3, 其中有6份材料的排序没有发生变化, 有13份材料的排序变化为1, 有6份材料的排序变化为2, 有3份材料的排序变化为3。以3个筛选指标计算出的隶属函数值为横轴, 以综合评价计算出的隶属函数值为纵轴, 绘制两者间的关系图(图2), 两者也极显著相关(P< 0.01), 相关系数为0.9219。综上所述, 利用活力指数、下胚轴干重、胚根长这3个筛选指标对34份绿豆品种资源的鉴定结果与综合评价的结果基本一致, 能够代替原来9个指标对绿豆萌发期耐碱性评价。

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	图2 以筛选的3个指标与全部9个指标评价绿豆耐碱性的关系Fig. 2 Comparison of evaluation for mungbean alkali tolerance based on three screened indexes and total indexes

4 结论

通过隶属函数值法综合评价和聚类分析, 34份绿豆品种资源可被划分为4类: 白绿11等9份材料为耐碱类型, 公绿1号等19份材料为耐碱中间类型, 吉绿3号等5份材料为碱敏感类型, 潍绿7号为碱极敏感类型。50 mmol L^-1混合碱(NaHCO₃∶ Na₂CO₃的摩尔比为9∶ 1)能够作为东北地区绿豆萌发期耐碱性鉴定的适宜浓度, 活力指数、下胚轴干重、胚根长可作为绿豆萌发期耐碱性鉴定的适宜指标。

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

作者已声明无竞争性利益关系。

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[25]	孙继颖, 高聚林, 薛春雷, 李曼, 翟丽健. 不同品种大豆抗旱性能比较研究. 华北农学报, 2007, 22(6): 91-97 Sun J Y, Gao J L, Xue C L, Li M, Zhai L J. Comparative experiment on drought resistant characters of different soybean varieties. Acta Agric Boreali-Sin, 2007, 22(6): 91-97 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1]
[26]	谢小玉, 张霞, 张兵. 油菜苗期抗旱性评价及抗旱相关指标变化分析. 中国农业科学, 2013, 46: 476-485 Xie X Y, Zhang X, Zhang B. Evaluation of drought resistance and analysis of variation of relevant parameters at seedling stage of rapeseed (Brassica napus L. ). Sci Agric Sin, 2013, 46: 476-485 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1]
[27]	朱宗河, 郑文寅, 张学昆. 甘蓝型油菜耐旱相关性状的主成分分析及综合评价. 中国农业科学, 2011, 44: 1775-1787 Zhu Z H, Zhen W Y, Zhang X K. Principal component analysis and comprehensive evaluation on morphological and agronomic traits of drought tolerance in rapeseed (Brassica napus L. ). Sci Agric Sin, 2011, 44: 1775-1787 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1]
[28]	杜彩艳, 段宗颜, 王建新, 张乃明, 杨志新, 雷宝坤, 胡万里, 陈拾华, 潘艳华. 云南8个玉米品种苗期抗旱性研究. 西北农业学报, 2014, 23(10): 82-89 Du C Y, Duan Z Y, Wang J X, Zhang N M, Yang Z X, Lei B K, Hu W L, Chen S H, Pan Y H. Studies on the drought resistance of eight maize varieties of Yunnan at the seedling stage. Acta Agric Boreali-occident Sin, 2014, 23(10): 82-89 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1]
[29]	王兰芬, 武晶, 景蕊莲, 程须珍, 王述民. 绿豆种质资源芽期抗旱性鉴定. 植物遗传资源学报, 2014, 15: 498-503 Wang L F, Wu J, Jing R L, Cheng X Z, Wang S M. Drought resistance identification of mungbean germplasm resources at bud stage. J Plant Genet Resour, 2014, 15: 498-503 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1]
[30]	王兰芬, 武晶, 景蕊莲, 程须珍, 王述民. 绿豆种质资源苗期抗旱性鉴定. 作物学报, 2015, 41: 145-153 Wang L F, Wu J, Jing R L, Cheng X Z, Wang S M. Drought resistance identification of mungbean germplasm resources at seedling stage. Acta Agron Sin, 2015, 41: 145-153 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1]
[31]	徐宁, 王明海, 包淑英, 王桂芳, 郭中校. 18份绿豆品种资源苗期耐旱性鉴定. 吉林农业科学, 2015, 40(6): 17-20 Xu N, Wang M H, Bao S Y, Wang G F, Guo Z X. Drought tolerance identification of 18 mungbean germplasm resources at seedling stage. J Jilin Agric Sci, 2015, 40(6): 17-20 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1]
[32]	王兰芬, 武晶, 景蕊莲, 程须珍, 王述民. 绿豆种质资源成株期抗旱性鉴定. 作物学报, 2015, 41: 1287-1294 Wang L F, Wu J, Jing R L, Cheng X Z, Wang S M. Identification of mungbean germplasm resources resistant to drought at adult stage. Acta Agron Sin, 2015, 41: 1287-1294 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1]
[33]	孙璐, 周宇飞, 汪澈, 肖木辑, 陶冶, 许文娟, 黄瑞冬. 高粱品种萌发期耐盐性筛选与鉴定. 中国农业科学, 2012, 45: 1714-1722 Sun L, Zhou Y F, Wang C, Xiao M J, Tao Y, Xu W J, Huang R D. Screening and identification of sorghum cultivars for salinity tolerance during germination. Sci Agric Sin, 2012, 45: 1714-1722 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1]
[34]	李丰先, 周宇飞, 王艺陶, 孙璐, 白薇, 闫彤, 许文娟, 黄瑞冬. 高粱品种萌发期耐碱性筛选与综合鉴定. 中国农业科学, 2013, 46: 1762-1771 Li F X, Zhou Y F, Wang Y T, Sun L, Bai W, Yan T, Xu W J, Huang R D. Screening and identification of sorghum cultivars for alkali tolerance during germination. Sci Agric Sin, 2013, 46: 1762-1771 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1]
[35]	张国伟, 路海玲, 张雷, 陈兵林, 周治国. 棉花萌发期和苗期耐盐性评价及耐盐指标筛. 应用生态学报, 2011, 22: 2045-2053 Zhang G W, Lu H L, Zhang L, Chen B L, Zhou Z G. Salt tolerance evaluation of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) at its germinating and seedling stages and selection of related indices. Chin J Appl Ecol, 2011, 22: 2045-2053 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1]
[36]	吴纪中, 刘妍妍, 王冲, 沈振国, 蔡士宾, 张巧凤, 夏妍, 王桂萍, 陈亚华. 人工海水胁迫下小麦种质资源的耐盐性筛选与鉴定. 植物遗传资源学报, 2014, 15: 948-953 Wu J Z, Liu Y Y, Wang C, Shen Z G, Cai S B, Zhang Q F, Xia Y, Wang G P, Chen Y H. Screening and identification of wheat germplasm for salt tolerance using artificial sea water. J Plant Genet Resour, 2014, 15: 948-953 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1]
[37]	肖鑫辉, 李向华, 刘洋, 王克晶. 野生大豆(Glycine soja)耐高盐碱土壤种质的鉴定与评价. 植物遗传资源学报, 2009, 10: 392-398 Xiao X H, Li X H, Liu Y, Wang K J. Identification and assessment of salt-tolerant germplasm of wild soybean (Glycine soja) in high saline soil. J Plant Genet Resour, 2009, 10: 392-398 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1]
[38]	马晓军, 金峰学, 杨姗, 杨德光, 李晓辉. 作物耐盐碱数量性状基因座(QTL)定位. 分子植物育种, 2015, 13: 221-227 Ma X J, Jin F X, Yang S, Yang D G, Li X H. Mapping QTLs for salt and alkaline tolerance in crops. Mol Plant Breed, 2015, 13: 221-227 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1]
[39]	李源, 刘贵波, 高洪文, 孙桂枝, 赵海明, 谢楠. 紫花苜蓿种质耐盐性综合评价及盐胁迫下的生理反应. 草业学报, 2010, 19(4): 79-86 Li Y, Liu G B, Gao H W, Sun G Z, Zhao H M, Xie N. A comprehensive evaluation of salt-tolerance and the physiological response of Medicago sativa at the seedling stage. Acta Pratac Sin, 2010, 19(4): 79-86 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1]
[40]	刘大林, 邱伟伟, 马晶晶, 金晓君. 不同苜蓿品种种子萌发时期的耐盐性比较. 草业科学, 2009, 26(9): 163-169 Liu D L, Qiu W W, Ma J J, Jin X J. A comparative study on salt tolerance during germinating period of different alfalfa varieties. Pratac Sci, 2009, 26(9): 163-169 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1]

0.0

... 吉林省绿豆种植面积、产量均约占全国水平的五分之一^[1], 其种植区在吉林省西部, 该区域的盐碱地是世界公认的三大苏打盐碱土分布区之一^[2], 盐碱地面积9 ...

2013

0.0

郝玉梅, 孙长春, 冷晶. 白城地区盐碱地土壤化学分析. 白城师范学院学报, 2013, 27(5): 46-48

Hao Y

, Sun C

, Leng

Soil chemical analysis of saline-alkali land in baicheng area.

J Baicheng Norm Univ, 2013, 27(5): 46-48 (in Chinese with English abstract)

摘　要：白城地区是吉林省主要的盐碱地区,占吉林省盐碱地总面积的65%以上.本文通过对白城地区30个盐碱地的样点土壤进行化学分析,得出了白城地区盐碱地的盐碱土壤的营养元素含量对比数据,为白城地区盐碱地的改良及耐盐碱作物的培育和筛选提供有效的参考.

2008

0.0

黄立华, 梁正伟. 直播羊草在不同pH土壤环境下的离子吸收特性. 中国草地学报, 2008, 30(1): 35-39

Huang L

, Liang Z

Ionic absorption characteristics of leymus chinensis seeded in various pH soils.

Chin J Grassl, 2008, 30(1): 35-39 (in Chinese with English abstract)

采用人工配制的具有不同pH梯度的碱化土进行羊草直播盆栽试验,对不同pH土壤环境下直播羊草地上和地下部分K+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+等离子的吸收积累规律进行了初步分析.结果表明,随着土壤pH的升高,羊草体内Na+含量显著升高,K+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Fe2+和Zn2+含量不断降低.土壤pH 从7.15升至9.78,羊草幼苗地上部和地下部Na+含量分别增加了10.7倍和4.2倍;K+含量分别下降了36.9%和9.4%,Ca2+、Mg2+、Fe2+和Zn2+含量也相应有所降低,致使K+/Na+和Ca2+/Na+不断减小.除Ca2+外,羊草地下部各种离子含量与土壤pH都具有显著的相关性,地上部K+、Na+含量与土壤pH间以及K+、Na+间也具有显著的相关性.地上部维持相对较高的K+水平,有效地避免了Na+的大量积累,这可能是羊草耐盐碱的重要原因.

... Na₂CO₃和NaHCO₃是苏打盐碱土的主要盐碱成分, 不仅具有与NaCl等中性盐胁迫相同的Na⁺离子毒害、渗透胁迫作用, 其大量的CO₃^2-、HCO₃^-还会造成土壤pH显著升高^[3], 严重干扰植物对矿质营养的吸收, 造成植物体内营养元素比例失调和植物的新陈代谢紊乱^[4,5], 碱胁迫的作用明显大于盐胁迫^[6] ...

2004

0.0

曲元刚, 赵可夫. NaCl和Na₂CO₃对玉米生长和生理胁迫效应的比较研究. 作物学报, 2004, 30: 334-341

Qu Y

, Zhao K

Comparative studies on growth and physiological reaction of Zea mays under NaCl and Na₂CO₃ stresses.

Acta Agron Sin, 2004, 30: 334-341 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Seedlings of Zea mays growing in Hoagland nutrient solutions were treated with different concentrations of NaCl (50,100 mmol/L) and Na2CO3 (25, 50 mmol/L). Then the changes in dry weight, osmotic potential, the activities of V-H+-ATPase, V-H+-PPase, SOD and the contents of ions, MDA, amino acids, or

Shandong Normal University , Shandong Engineering and Technology Center for Halophyte, Jinan 250014, Shandong

分别用不同浓度的NaCl和Na2CO3溶液处理玉米，然后测定干重、渗透调节能力的变化，离子、丙二醛(MDA)、氨基酸（AA）、有机酸（OA）、脯氨酸(Pro)、可溶性糖(SS)的含量，液泡膜H+-ATPase（V-H+-ATPase），液泡膜H+-PPase(V-H+-PPase)、超氧化物岐化酶（SOD）的活性。结果表明，玉米在Na2CO3作用下，其生长和生理变化和NaCl胁

2009

0.0

齐春艳, 梁正伟, 杨福, 王志春. 水稻耐碱突变体ACR78在苏打盐碱胁迫下的离子吸收特性. 华北农学报, 2009, 24(2): 112-116

Qi C

, Liang Z

, Yang

, Wang Z

Ion absorption characteristics of mineral elements of alkali-tolerant rice mutant ACR78 under soda saline-alkaline stress.

Acta Agric Boreali-Sin, 2009, 24(2): 112-116 (in Chinese with English abstract)

The content change of K + ,Na + ,Ca 2+ ,Mg 2+ , Fe 2+ and Zn 2+ of alkaline tolerant rice mutant(ACR 78) and its wild type were compared analysis by pot culture.The results showed that the total Na+ content of ACR78 was 2.9 % lower than that of the wild type,and the K + ,Zn 2+ and Mg 2+ content of ACR78 were 18.3 %, 89.7 %and 4.9 %(P + and Na + in stem of ACR78 was approximately 1.4 times of the wild type,the difference was very significant.The Na + content in root and stem of ACR78 were significantly lower than that of the wild type(14.0 % and 5.9 % respectively),and the K + content in stem of ACR78 was 32.3 % higher than the wild type,but the content in root and stem were no difference.The Zn 2+ content in root and stem of ACR78 were 44.2 % and 202.7 % higher than the wild type respectively.The distribution law of Mg 2+ content in organs was opposite to the Na + content.The results indicated that ACR78 could significantly inhibit the uptake of Na + and had the ability of selective uptake to K + , Zn 2+ and Mg 2+ .

利用盆栽方法,比较研究了盐碱胁迫下水稻耐碱突变体(ACR78)及其野生型植株体内K + 、Na + 、Ca 2+ 、Mg 2+ 、Fe 2+ 和Zn 2+ 含量的变化.结果表明,盐碱胁迫下,ACR78全株Na + 总含量比野生型减少2.9%,显著低于野生型.同时,其 + 、Zn 2+ 和Mg 2+ 含量比野生型分别增加18.3%,89.7%和4.9%(P + /Na + 比值(0.16)显著高于野生型(0.13).从器官水平看,ACR78茎中K + /Na + 比值极显著高于野生型,约为野生型的1.4倍.ACR78根和茎中Na + 含量显著低于野生型(14.0%和.9%),其茎中K + 含量比野生型增加32.3%,根和叶中无显著性差异.ACR78根和茎中Zn 2+ 含量分别比野生型增加44.2%和202.7%,Mg 2+ 含量在器官中的分配规律与Na + 相反.说明ACR78可显著抑制Na + 的吸收,并对K + 、Zn 2+ 和Mg 2+ 具有较强的选择性吸收能力.

2008

0.0

刘杰, 张美丽, 张义, 石德成. 人工模拟盐、碱环境对向日葵种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响. 作物学报, 2008, 34: 1818-182

Liu

, Zhang M

, Zhang

, Shi D

Effects of simulated salt and alkali conditions on seed germination and seedling growth of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. ).

Acta Agron Sin, 2008, 34: 1818-1825 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Salinization and alkalization of soil are a widespread environmental problem, including salt-stress and alkali-stress in terms of the salt characteristics. In fact, the destructive effects caused by alkali-stress are more serious than that by salt-stress. The resistance to salt- and alkali-stress of sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) is stronger than that of the other crops, as some sunflowers are able to grow on alkalinized soil. The stress conditions of 6 salinities and 6 alkalinities were simulated by mixing two neutral salts (NaCl and Na 2 SO 4 ) and two alkaline salts (NaHCO 3 and Na 2 CO 3 ) both in the molar ratio of 9:1 respectively. The concentration range of treatments was from 40 to 240 mmol L -1 for the salt-stress, and 10 to 60 mmol L -1 for the alkali-stress. A sunflower cultivar Baikuiza 6 with higher resistance to salt-alkaline stresses, was used to determine emergence time, emergence rate, survival seedling rate, and physiological indexes including leaf area, water content, biomass of seedlings, and content of Na + and K + under salt- and alkali-stresses. The results showed that the maximum intensity of salt-stress for baikuiza 6 germination and seedling growth was pH 6.98 and electric conductivity of 1.311 dS m -1 in the culture medium, and alkali-stress was pH 9.71 and electric conductivity of 0.360 dS m -1 . Under the salt or alkali conditions that seedlings could be able to grow, not only the emergence rate and survival seedling rate decreased, but also the time of emergence delayed significantly with the increasing intensity of salt-stress. Whereas the survival seedling rate decreased and the emergence time didn’t delay with the increasing of alkali-stress intensity. Moreover, various growth indexes of seedling decreased with increasing intensity of salt- or alkali-stress, and the extent of decrease was greater under alkali-stress than under salt-stress. In conclusion, the mechanisms of salt- and alkali-stresses effects on germination and seedling growth of sunflower are different, and the tolerance and response of sunflower to the both stresses are different during the two growing stages, proving that salt-stress and alkali-stress are two kinds of stresses.

以向日葵品种白葵杂6号为试验材料, 中性盐NaCl和Na 2 SO 4 混合模拟盐胁迫、碱性盐NaHCO 3 和Na 2 CO 3 混合模拟碱胁迫(两者摩尔比均为9∶1), 设计各6种处理。研究盐、碱胁迫下种子萌发及幼苗形成的相关生理表现。结果表明, 种子能够萌发并成苗的最高盐胁迫强度是pH 6.98, 电导率为1.311 dS m -1 (培养介质的pH和电导率); 碱胁迫强度是pH 9.71, 电导率为0.360 dS m -1 。在能够成苗的盐碱条件下, 随着盐胁迫强度的增强出苗率、成苗率下降, 出苗时间明显延迟; 而随着碱胁迫强度的增加, 成苗率下降, 出苗时间并不延迟。同时随着盐碱胁迫强度的增强, 幼苗的各项生理指标均下降, 下降幅度以碱胁迫明显大于盐胁迫。试验结果证明, 盐胁迫和碱胁迫对白葵杂6号种子萌发及幼苗形成的影响机制不同, 向日葵在这两个阶段对盐碱两种胁迫的耐受能力及响应特点也不同。这一结论进一步证实了盐、碱胁迫是两种性质不同的胁迫。

... 碱胁迫的高pH是限制植物生长和发育的关键因素, 尤其是对于植物根系, 高pH可能干扰根系选择性吸收K⁺、Na⁺的能力, 导致植物体内Na⁺、K⁺不平衡, 严重干扰了Na⁺区域化, 使细胞质中Na⁺大量积累, 对细胞质构成毒害^[6] ...

2015

0.0

郭文芳, 农万廷, 李刚强, 刘德虎. 植物耐盐碱基因工程研究进展. 生物技术通报, 2015, 31(7): 11-17

Guo W

, Nong W

, Li G

, Liu D

Research progress of genetic engineering on plant salt tolerance.

Biotechnol Bull, 2015, 31(7): 11-17 (in Chinese with English abstract)

With the increase of global population and the decrease of arable area, growing serious food crisis leads to the exploration and utilization of salinized lands on Earth received attentions. People keep improving salinized lands through a variety of measures, and cultivate crops of high salt tolerance. In this paper we mainly introduce salt tolerance mechanisms in plants, as well as overview and future direction of researches on genetic engineering of plant salt tolerance.

随着全球人口的增加，可利用耕地面积的减少，越来越严重的粮食危机使地球上的盐渍化土地的开发利用开始受到关注。人们正在通过各种途径改良盐渍化土地、培育高耐盐碱的农作物新品种。介绍了植物的耐盐碱机制以及植物耐盐碱基因工程目前的研究概况和未来的发展方向。

... 培育耐盐碱的优良品种是应对土地盐碱化问题最经济有效的办法之一^[7], 因此, 鉴定和评价不同绿豆品种资源的耐盐碱性, 对于有效利用盐碱化土地, 实现高产稳产, 增加农民收入, 具有重要的现实意义 ...

2008

0.0

... 有研究指出, 种子萌发期及苗期是作物在盐渍环境下生长的关键及敏感阶段^[8,9], 避开敏感时期以后, 作物在各发育时期均能较好地生长发育 ...

2010

0.0

肖鑫辉, 李向华, 王克晶. 渤海湾津唐沿海野生大豆(Glycine soja)种群高盐碱胁迫反应. 植物遗传资源学报, 2010, 11: 290-297

Xiao X

, Li X

, Wang K

Response of the population of wild soybean (Glycine soja) in the Bohai bay littoral bestriding Tianjin and Tangshan areas to high salinity soil stress.

J Plant Genet Resour, 2010, 11: 290-297 (in Chinese with English abstract)

The exploitation of crops with salinity tolerance is significant for the agriculture. Total 895 individual plants of wild soybean were collected from the littoral population in the Bohai Bay region bestriding Tianjin and Tangshan areas. The tolerance identification was carried out with three experimental treatments.The results showed that there were a series of salinity tolerant individual lines of different intensities at various growth phases in the Jin-Tang population, suggesting that edaphic ecotypic differentiation existed in this population. At seed germination, there were three kinds of lines for germination ability: germinable (high-tolerant); germinable at a reduced level of salinity stress; incapable (sensitive). The growth of plants at earlier stage was worse inhibited than subsequent stages. The damaged degrees of morphological traits in the population showed as the order: overground dry weight, yield, seed number per plant, 100-seed weight, and harvesting index per plant. The coefficients of variation in traits between lines was ordinal yield, seed number, pod number, harvesting index, overground dry weight per plant, and 100-seed weight. The Jin-Tang population had high levels of edaphic ecological adaptation and edaphic ecotype with high levels of salinity tolerance, which was expected to become useful in developing high salinity-tolerant soybeans.

以渤海湾津唐沿海地带野生大豆种群在高盐碱（3%）环境下的全生育期鉴定试验，分析不同种群（株系）的生长发育动态以及对盐碱土壤生态适应性的分化。结果表明，出苗阶段存在3种耐盐碱能力类型：耐高盐碱胁迫发芽出苗；耐低盐碱胁迫发芽出苗；盐胁迫不能发芽出苗。在高盐胁迫下营养生长早期阶段种群死亡率最高，中期以后相对降低，成熟期死亡率较低。种群植株形态建成和生殖生长受到高盐胁迫的强烈抑制，表现早期严重而后期较轻。植株和产量性状的受害程度依次为：单株的地上干物质重、产量、种子数、百粒重和收获指数。株系间变异系数依次为：单株的产量、种子数、荚数、收获指数、地上干物质重、百粒重。研究揭示该地域种群内对盐碱土壤有很高的适应性分化，存在高耐盐碱生态型。

... 有研究指出, 种子萌发期及苗期是作物在盐渍环境下生长的关键及敏感阶段^[8,9], 避开敏感时期以后, 作物在各发育时期均能较好地生长发育 ...

2010

0.0

张春宵, 刘晓鑫, 周波, 郝东云, 李文华, 李晓辉. 吉林省26份主推玉米杂交种的苗期耐盐碱性分析. 作物杂志, 2010, (1): 66-69

Zhang C

, Liu X

, Zhou

, Hao D

, Li W

, Li X

Analysis of salt-alkali tolerance at seedling stage among twenty-six maize hybrids used predominantly in Jilin province.

Crops, 2010, (1): 66-69 (in Chinese with English abstract)

以吉林省26个主推玉米杂交种为材料,在适宜耐盐碱筛选的2个浓度水平(25mmol/L的Na_2CO_3、100mmol/,L的NaCl)下,利用沙培法进行种子萌发和幼苗胁迫试验,分别测定发芽率、相对电导率、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量、脯氨酸(Pro)含量等适宜耐盐碱筛选的5项生理生化指标,比较上述杂交种的耐盐碱能力.结果表明:①不同材料间耐盐碱能力差异显著;②在28个玉米杂交种(包括2个对照品种郑单958和先玉335)中,耐盐碱性前五位依次为郑单958、先玉335、吉单35、四单19、吉单27;研究结果将为玉米杂交种的区域布局提供参考. Abstract： Under alkali-stress condition(25mmol/L Na_2CO_3)and salt-stress condition(100mmol/L NaCl),twenty-six maize hyrbrids were cultivated by sand culture.The five appropriate physiological and biochemical indices were tested and used to evaluate salt-alkali tolerance of the hybrids,which included germination percentage,relative salt-alkali tolerance were Zhengdan 958,Xianyu 335,Jidan 35,Sidan 19 and Jidan 27.The results will provide reference for regional layout of maize hybrids.

... 因而, 目前对玉米^[10,11]、水稻^[12]、大豆^[13]、高粱^[14]、向日葵^[15]等作物耐盐碱鉴定的时期大都集中在萌发期和苗期, 而且主要采用单一成分的盐或碱进行胁迫 ...

2011

0.0

杨书华, 张春宵, 朴明鑫, 赵泽双, 杨德光, 李万军, 刘文国, 李晓辉. 69份玉米自交系的苗期耐盐碱性分析. 种子, 2011, 30(3): 1-6

Yang S

, Zhang C

, Piao M

, Zhao Z

, Yang D

, Li W

, Liu W

, Li X

Analysis on salt and alkaline tolerance of sixty-nine maize inbred lines at seedling stage.

Seeds, 2011, 30(3): 1-6 (in Chinese with English abstract)

以69个玉米自交系为试材,在适宜耐盐碱筛选的2个浓度水平(25 mmol/L的Na2CO3、100 mmol/L的NaCl)下,进行种子萌发和幼苗胁迫试验,分别测定发芽率、相对电导率、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量、脯氨酸(Pro)含量等适宜耐盐碱筛选的5项生理生化指标,进而转化为耐盐碱系数,用以比较供试自交系的耐盐碱能力.结果表明:(1)多数材料在胁迫条件各指标变化趋势相同;(2)材料间耐盐碱能力差异显著;(3)筛选出高耐盐碱自交系5份,耐盐碱自交系15份,中度耐盐碱自交系32份,敏感自交系10份,高度敏感自交系7份.研究结果将为玉米耐盐碱种质资源筛选提供试验依据.

2006

0.0

时丽冉, 崔兴国, 刘志华, 赵凤梧, 李慧敏. 混合盐碱胁迫对旱稻种子萌发的影响. 种子, 2006, 25(2): 25-27

Shi L

, Cui X

, Liu Z

, Zhao F

, Li H

Effects of complex saline alkali stress on the seed germination of upland rice.

Seeds, 2006, 25(2): 25-27 (in Chinese with English abstract)

分别用不同浓度的NaCl、Na2CO3以及二者的混合溶液处理旱稻种子,模拟中性盐、碱性盐和混合盐碱对种子萌发及一些生理指标的影响.结果表明,除低浓度NaCl促进种子萌发外,其它处理均使种子的发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数下降,丙二醛含量升高,脯氨酸含量上升,α-淀粉酶活性降低,危害程度随着处理浓度的增大而加剧.3种处理对种子萌发的抑制程度为Na2CO3＞混合盐碱＞NaCl.

2009

0.0

那桂秋, 寇贺, 曹敏建. 不同大豆品种种子萌发期耐盐碱性鉴定. 大豆科学, 2009, 28: 352-356

Na G

, Kou

, Cao J

Salt and alkaline tolerance evaluation of different soybean varieties at germination stage.

Soybean Sci, 2009, 28: 352-356 (in Chinese with English abstract)

以发芽率的盐/碱害指数为鉴定指标,在萌发期以110 mmol·L-1NaCI(盐)和37.5 mmol·L-1Na2CO3(碱)溶液处理100份大豆品种进行耐盐碱性鉴定,筛选出萌发初期耐盐碱的材料,为进一步研究和生产应用提供依据.结果表明:品种间耐盐碱性表现出明显的差异.同一品种耐盐和耐碱性趋势基本一致.高度耐盐碱的品种较少.筛选出高而盐品种5个,耐盐品种21个,中度耐盐品种41个,敏感品种22个,高度敏感品种11个;高耐碱品种7个,耐碱品种16个,中度耐碱品种24个,敏感品种37个,高度敏感品种16个.

2012

0.0

崔江慧, 谢登磊, 常金华. 高粱材料耐盐性综合评价方法的初步建立与验证. 植物遗传资源学报, 2012, 13: 35-41

Cui J

, Xie D

, Chang J

Establishment and vrification of cmprehensive ealuation mthod for salt tolerance of sorghum materials.

J Plant Genet Resour, 2012, 13: 35-41 (in Chinese with English abstract)

10 sorghum strains germinated under 0, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8% NaCl solution stress, the salt injury was evaluated with the injury of salt to the rate of germination, root length, the number of lateral roots, the duration of 1 / 2 leaf wilting and of the entire leaf wilting. Based on the changes of the above six indicators, the system of each index score for each indicator were developed. The salt tolerance of each sorghum strain was evaluated according to the total scores based on each indicator. A set salt-tolerant evaluation criteria was developed to evaluate salt tolerance. According to the degree of salt tolerance, these strains were divided into four levels. Five materials with different salt-tolerance from the ten sorghum strains were chosen to identify the salt tolerance with planting in saline soils contain 0.5% and 0.7% salt respectively in pots to verify the criteria. The results showed that the evaluation criteria was consistent with the test in pot, which confirmed the evaluation method used in the screening tolerant sorghum are reliable. Two high salt-tolerance sorghum strains, HN-1 and NS-1 were screened with this method.

用0.0 %、0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%5个浓度的NaCl溶液对10个高粱材料进行处理，测定发芽盐害率、芽高盐害率、侧根数盐害率、根长盐害率、1/2叶片萎蔫持续时间和整个叶片萎蔫持续时间6项指标。以发芽期和苗期的各项指标为基础，根据每个指标盐害率制定各指标的得分方法，最后通过各个材料的得分判断其耐盐性，建立了一套高粱材料的耐盐评价标准。以此标准对10个高粱材料的耐盐性进行评价，排列出这10个高粱材料的耐盐次序,将高粱材料划分为4个耐盐等级。从这10个高粱材料中随机挑选5个耐盐性不同的材料通过盆栽试验对其耐盐性进行鉴定，以检验该评价方法的可靠性，结果表明：盆栽试验的鉴定结果与按照耐盐评分标准得出的结果一致，由此确定此评价方法运用于筛选高粱材料的耐盐性是准确、可靠的。同时在这10个高粱材料中筛选出了耐盐性较强的高粱材料河农1号和能饲1号。

2012

0.0

安玉麟, 侯建华, 于海峰, 陈泽彬, 李素萍, 聂惠, 郭树春. 耐盐碱向日葵杂交种鉴定筛选及机理研究. 华北农学报, 2012, 27(5): 127-133

An Y

, Hou J

, Yu H

, Chen Z

, Li S

, Nie

, Guo S

Identification and screening of hybrid of salinity sunflower and mechanism studying of salt tolerance.

Acta Agric Boreali-Sin, 2012, 27(5): 127-133 (in Chinese with English abstract)

2010

0.0

... 其中进行因子分析时, 因子个数的选取参考2条重要原则^[16], 一是使累积方差占总方差的80%以上 ...

2012

0.0

沈一, 刘永惠, 陈志德, 颜伟, 栾玉柱. 花生幼苗期耐盐品种的筛选与评价. 花生学报, 2012, 41(1): 10-15

Shen

, Liu Y

, Chen Z

, Yan

, Luan Y

Selection and evaluation of peanut varieties based on seedling salt tolerance.

J Peanut Sci, 2012, 41(1): 10-15 (in Chinese with English abstract)

研究以花生幼苗的相对主根长、相对苗高、相对地上部鲜重、相对根鲜重、相对地上部干重、相对根干重等为指标,鉴定了49份花生品种的耐盐性。结果表明,不同浓度NaCl胁迫对幼苗各个性状都有不同程度的抑制效应,其中,除干重以外,0.5%NaCl及以上浓度胁迫条件下所有性状受到盐害的明显抑制。以0.5%NaCl处理条件下的相对主根长、相对苗高等6个性状作为耐盐评价指标,筛选出4份耐盐品种和2份盐害敏感品种,为进一步开展耐盐花生品种的培育以及耐盐机制研究奠定了良好的基础。

... 1 绿豆萌发期耐碱性鉴定与评价方法的选择农作物耐盐碱鉴定一般分为萌发期鉴定和幼苗期鉴定, 萌发期耐盐碱能力决定了种子的出苗率^[17], 也可以在相对较短时间内对大量品种资源进行鉴定, 具有可操作性强、周期短、效率高的特点, 可用于大批量绿豆品种资源耐盐碱性的初步评价, 并且在高粱^[18]、玉米^[19]、粟类^[20,21]等作物上萌发期的耐盐碱性与成株期的耐盐碱性是一致的 ...

1987

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1996

0.0

1995

0.0

2008

0.0

田伯红, 王素英, 李雅静, 王建广, 张立新, 梁凤芹, 翟玉柱, 刘金荣. 谷子地方品种发芽期和苗期对NaCl胁迫的反应和耐盐品种筛选. 作物学报, 2008, 34: 2218-2222

Tian B

, Wang S

, Li Y

, Wang J

, Zhang L

, Liang F

, Zhai Y

, Liu J

Response to sodium chloride stress at germination and seedling and identification of salinity tolerant genotypes in foxtail millet land races originated from China.

Acta Agron Sin, 2008, 34: 2218-2222 (in Chinese with English abstract)

One hundred and ninety–four Chinese foxtail millet [ Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.] landraces were screened at germination and seedling stages for salinity tolerance with 150 or 250 mmol L -1 NaCl treatments. On the basis of relative seed germination rate (RSG), relative shoot length (RSL), and relative root length (RRL), the landrace cultivars Honggu, Xiaohuanggu, and Sanbianchou, were identified to be the most salt-tolerant while Yegu 5 and Yanggu sensitive to salt stress. Correlation analysis indicated that RSG was not closely correlated with relative plant height (RPH) and relative leaf area (RLA) of the first true leaf at seedling stage. However, Yegu 5 and Yanggu with poor salinity tolerance at germination stage were also sensitive to salt stress at seedling stage. The RPH of Honggu, Xiaohuanggu, and Sanbianchou, were smaller than those of Yegu 5 and Yanggu. Under high concentrations of NaCl, the RLA of Xiaohuanggu was smaller than that of other cultivars.

用150 mmol L -1 和200 mmol L -1 NaCl溶液鉴定194份来自河南、山东、河北等地的谷子地方品种的耐盐性，筛选出红谷、小黄谷、三变丑等11份耐盐性较强的品种，野谷5号和洋谷对盐胁迫比较敏感；不同品种发芽率、根和芽生长表现不同。发芽相对盐害率与苗期株高和第一片真叶面积相对盐害率没有显著相关性，但发芽期耐盐性差的品种野谷5号和洋谷在苗期耐盐性也较差。芽期耐盐性强的红谷、小黄谷和三变丑在150~200 mmol L -1 下苗期株高相对盐害率小于野谷5号和洋谷，三变丑的株高相对盐害率低于红谷和小黄谷，在高浓度下小黄谷的叶面积相对盐害率最小。

2012

0.0

刘敏轩, 张宗文, 吴斌, 陆平. 黍稷种质资源芽、苗期耐中性混合盐胁迫评价与耐盐生理机制研究. 中国农业科学, 2012, 45: 3733-3743

Liu M

, Zhang Z

, Wu

, Lu

Evaluation of mixed salt-tolerance at germination stage and seedling stage and the related physiological characteristics of Panicum miliaceum L.

Sci Agric Sin, 2012, 45: 3733-3743 (in Chinese with English abstract)

【Objective】 Salt-tolerance and physiological responses of broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) were evaluated under a range of NaCl+Na2SO4 concentrations to explore and utilize the germplasm with high salt-tolerance and to provide physiological indicators for identifying salt-tolerance at seedling stage. 【Method】 The growth parameters of 16 genotypes of P. miliaceum L. at germination and seedling stages were measured under various salt stresses, and the genotypes were sorted out using the method of membership function. The physiological characteristics of the genotypes in terms of concentration of proline and Na+/K+ were analyzed.【Result】It was shown that the relative germination value, survival seedling number, shoot length, root length and biomass of above and underground all decreased with the increase of salt concentration, although genotypes differed in the degrees of response to salt stress. Based on the membership function on the means of parameters at germination and seedling stages for each level of salt stress, the 16 genotypes were finally ranked with Zhongwei Dahuangmi, Ningmi No4 and 64-4129 as the most tolerant genotypes, and Bameng 573 Huangmizi, Yimen Yidianzong and Wahui Ruanmi as the least tolerant ones among all tested materials. Proline content in shoot increased in response to increased salt stress, with Zhongwei Dahuangmi and Ningmi No.4 had significantly higher proline content, while lower relative Na+/K+ than the others when salt concentrations at 160 and 200 mmol.L-1 (P＜0.05). 【Conclusion】Remarkable variations in salt tolerance were detected among the 16 genotypes of P. miliaceum L., which have provided a basis for the utilization of salt tolerant broomcorn millet genetic resources.

【目的】评价黍稷资源对中性混合盐胁迫的耐受性，研究不同耐性黍稷在混合盐胁迫下的生理应答机制，挖掘耐中性混合盐胁迫的黍稷资源并探讨黍稷芽苗期耐盐鉴定的合适鉴定指标。【方法】试验设置4个不同浓度的中性混合盐（NaCl﹕Na2SO4=1﹕1）溶液进行胁迫处理（CK：0 mmol?L-1，T1：80 mmol?L-1，T2：160 mmol?L-1，T3：240 mmol?L-1），对16份黍稷材料的发芽率、复萌率以及苗期正常种苗率、苗高、苗重等生长参数进行测定，采用模糊数学隶属函数法计算各指标的隶属值，通过比较各指标隶属值总平均值的大小来确定各材料耐盐性的强弱。【结果】随着混合盐浓度的增加，各参试材料的发芽率、复萌率以及苗期的存活率均呈现下降趋势，但苗高、根长以及苗鲜重和根鲜重随着盐浓度的增加呈现出先升高后降低的趋势，在80 mmol?L-1混合盐胁迫下多数材料的苗高、根长以及苗重和根重均高于对照。模糊数学隶属函数法排序结果显示中卫大黄糜、宁糜4号以及64-4129排在前三位，具有较强耐盐性，而巴盟573黄糜子、伊盟一点棕以及瓦灰软糜排在后三位，其耐盐性较差。耐盐材料的游离脯氨酸含量以及根中Na+含量和Na+/K+随着盐胁迫浓度的增加而增加，增加幅度要显著大于耐盐性较差的材料；与此相反，耐盐性较强的材料茎叶Na+含量和Na+/K+增加幅度小于耐盐性较差的材料。【结论】16份黍稷种质材料在对中性盐胁迫的耐受性上存在显著差异，通过模糊数学隶属函数法综合芽苗期各指标筛选出的耐盐材料可进一步用于耐盐育种与耐盐基因挖掘研究。

... 盐碱土壤的可溶性盐主要由Na⁺、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、Cl^-、SO₄^2-、CO₃^2-、HCO₃^-等离子组成, 盐碱胁迫下, 植物除受到大量盐离子毒害外, 还有高pH对植物的影响^[22,23] ...

2013

0.0

张雷, 张国伟, 孟亚利, 陈兵林, 王友华, 周治国. 盐分条件下棉花相关生理特性的变化及水分胁迫指数模型的构建. 中国农业科学, 2013, 46: 3768-3775

Zhang

, Zhang G

, Meng Y

, Chen B

, Wang Y

, Zhou Z

Changes of related physiological characteristics of cotton under salinity condition and the construction of the cotton water stress index.

Sci Agric Sin, 2013, 46: 3768-3775 (in Chinese with English abstract)

【Objective】To construct the cotton water stress index (CWSI) and determine the suitable water logistics approach, in order to provide theoretical basis for improving cotton yield and quality under salinity field.【Method】The two-year experiments were conducted with Sumian 12 (salinity-sensitivity) and CCRI-44 (salinity-tolerance) at Pailou experimental station of Nanjing Agricultural University. Seven kinds of salts (NaCl, Na2CO3, NaHCO3, CaCl2, MgCl2, MgSO4, and Na2SO4), were mixed into natural dried, sieved soils at an even molar ratio, forming soils with five levels of salinity, namely, CK (1.25 dS?m-1), 0.35% (5.80 dS?m-1), 0.60% ( 9.61 dS?m-1), 0.85% (13.23 dS?m-1), and 1.00% (14.65 dS?m-1), respectively. The effects of soil salinity rates on the water contents and temperature of cotton functional leaves were studied and quantitative relationships between leaf-air temperature difference and vapor pressure difference was determined.【Result】As the soil salinity rates increasing, the transpiration rate, water content and net photosynthetic rate of functional cotton leaves decreased and the leaf temperature increased. The lower equation of the cotton water stress index was set up in 1.25 dS?m-1 salinity rate (well watered), and the cotton water stress index based on the above lower equation under different salinity rates was constructed.【Conclusion】Comprehensive analysis the relationship between cotton water stress index and leaf water content and net photosynthetic rate under different soil salinity rates, and found that the cotton water stress index is a good indicator to detect cotton water stress in salinity field. So, it could be applied to monitor cotton water stress using cotton water stress index, in order to provide theoretical basis for determine suitable water logistics approach under salinity field.

【目的】构建盐土棉田棉花水分胁迫指数模型，以确定适宜的棉花水分运筹方式，为提高盐碱地棉花产量和品质提供理论依据。【方法】试验于2008—2009年在江苏南京（118°50′ E，32°02′ N）南京农业大学牌楼试验站进行，以耐盐品种中棉所44和盐敏感性品种苏棉12号为材料，将碳酸钠、重碳酸钠、氯化钠、氯化钙、氯化镁、硫酸镁、硫酸钠7种盐类等摩尔混合，按盐土比掺入基础土壤中，形成5种不同含盐水平的土壤（0：1.25 dS•m-1；0.35%：5.80 dS•m-1；0.60%：9.61 dS•m-1；0.85%：13.23 dS•m-1；1.00%：14.65 dS•m-1），研究土壤盐分对棉花功能叶含水量和温度的影响，明确棉花叶气温差与空气饱和气压差的定量关系。【结果】随土壤盐分水平的升高，棉花功能叶的蒸腾速率、含水量和净光合速率均下降，叶片温度升高。以1.25 dS•m-1盐分处理作为充分灌水（即无水分胁迫）建立了棉花水分胁迫指数模型下基线方程，以此构建了不同土壤盐分下棉花水分胁迫指数模型。【结论】综合分析不同土壤盐分水平下棉花水分胁迫指数与叶片含水量和净光合速率的关系，认为棉花水分胁迫指数模型可以很好地反映盐分条件下棉花的受胁迫程度。用棉花CWSI实时监测盐分条件下棉花的水分胁迫状况，可为盐碱地确定适宜的棉花水分运筹提供理论依据。

2006

0.0

刘莹, 王锁贵. 大豆苗期耐旱种质鉴定和相关根系性状QTL定位. 扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版), 2006, 27(2): 16-20

Liu

, Wang S

Identification of drought tolerant germplasm at seeding stage and QTL mapping of related root traits in soybean.

J Yangzhou Univ (Agric Life Sci Edn), 2006, 27(2): 16-20 (in Chinese with English abstract)

摘　要：从301份大豆品种中按根系类型选取黄淮海和长江中下游地区代表性材料59份，在苗期干旱胁迫和非胁迫条件下对地上部和地下部性状进行2年重复鉴定，发现材料间性状隶属函数值具有丰富遗传变异，以株高、叶龄、根干重和茎叶干重隶属函数的算术平均数为抗旱综合指标从中筛选出汉中八月黄、晋豆14、科丰1号、圆黑豆等强耐旱型（1级）和临河大粉青、宁海晚黄豆等干旱敏感型（5级）材料。比根干重、比根总长、比根体积与耐旱隶属函数平均值均呈极显著正相关，可作为耐旱性的根系性状指标。利用“科丰1号×南农1138—2”（1级×4级）衍生的RIL群体为材料，对耐旱相关根系性状进行QTL定位。检测到5、3、5个QTLs分别控制比根重、比根总长、比根体积，位于N6-C2、N8-Dlb＋W、 N11．E、N18．K连锁群上。3个性状各有1个贡献率大的QTL（Dw1、Rl1、Rv1），而且均位在N6-C2的STAS8—3T—STAS8— 6T相同距离的区段上，其他QTLs效应均较小。

... 应用此方法, 在大豆^[24,25]、油菜^[26,27]、玉米^[28]、绿豆^{[29,30,31,32]}耐旱性鉴定以及高粱^[33,34]、棉花^[35]、小麦^[36]、野生大豆^[37]耐盐碱鉴定中对作物的抗逆性进行了全面、有效的评价 ...

2007

0.0

孙继颖, 高聚林, 薛春雷, 李曼, 翟丽健. 不同品种大豆抗旱性能比较研究. 华北农学报, 2007, 22(6): 91-97

Sun J

, Gao J

, Xue C

, Li

, Zhai L

Comparative experiment on drought resistant characters of different soybean varieties.

Acta Agric Boreali-Sin, 2007, 22(6): 91-97 (in Chinese with English abstract)

According to many years soybean producing experiment, among many factor affeciing soybeen development, drought resistance is the most important one, drought resistant characters of different soybean varieties became the most important index in soybean hig-yield produce.In the trial, 21 soybean varieties were selected in flowering-podding stage and the chlorophyl content, POD, SOD, RWC, relative electric conductivity and MDA of leaves were measured in the trial, and the drought resistance were analyzed by dependence function method. According to the dependence function analysis, the soybean varieties show four types: high drought resistance are sami-wild soybean, Moshi soybean, Jiyu 39 and Jindou 15; general drought resistance are Jiyu 30, Jiyu70, Jiunong 20, Xingkangxian 1, Xing 00-5091, Jiyu 55, Jiyu 35, Jiyu 47, Wangzhongwang and Jiyu 56; middle drought resistance are Kangxian 4, CIA 125, Iagaiyu 10 and Jiyu 62; low drought resistance are Jiyu 38, Zhongzuo 962 and Zhongzuoyin 1.

多年生产实践表明, 在众多影响内蒙古大豆生产发展的因素中, 干旱是极为重要的障碍因子, 大豆品种的抗旱性也成为大豆高产的重要性状。本试验着眼于内蒙古大豆旱作生产实际, 选用21个大豆品种(系), 对开花结荚期不同品种大豆的叶绿素含量、保护酶活性、相对含水量及质膜透性等与抗旱性有关的生理生化指标进行了测试, 并利用抗旱隶属函数法对供试大豆品种的抗旱性能进行分析, 判断抗旱性强弱, 为大豆生产提供理论指导和技术支持。结果表明: 供试品种根据抗旱性能可分为4类, 强抗旱品种为半野生大豆、秣食豆、吉育39号及晋豆15, 抗旱类型为吉育30、吉育70、九农20、兴抗线1号、兴00-5091、吉育55、吉育35、吉育47、王中王和吉育56, 中抗旱类型的品种有抗线4号、CK125、开育10号和吉育62号, 弱抗旱品种有吉育38、中作962及中作引1号。

2013

0.0

谢小玉, 张霞, 张兵. 油菜苗期抗旱性评价及抗旱相关指标变化分析. 中国农业科学, 2013, 46: 476-485

Xie X

, Zhang

Evaluation of drought resistance and analysis of variation of relevant parameters at seedling stage of rapeseed (Brassica napus L. ).

Sci Agric Sin, 2013, 46: 476-485 (in Chinese with English abstract)

【Objective】An experiment was conducted to investigate the ability of drought resistance at seedling stage of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), to explore the parameters and methods for screening of drought-resistant germplasm, and to provide the materials and a theoretical basis for drought-resistant breeding and cultivation.【Method】 Leaf relative water content, malondialdehyde (MDA) and protective enzyme activity in rapeseed were measured under drought stress on 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 d; Comprehensive drought-resistance coefficient, drought-resistance index, fuzzy clustering and grey correlation analysis were used to evaluate the drought tolerance; And the variation trend of relevant drought-resistance index was analyzed for ten rapeseed varieties. 【Result】 Different examined indexes showed different responses to drought stress, in which, the content of proline and POD activity were retarded, but the relative water content of leaves was sensitive in response to drought stress. According to the clustering result of drought-resistance measuration value (D value), the 10 tested varieties were divided into 3 groups including high, moderate and low drought resistance, respectively. The variation trend of relevant drought-resistance index showed that the decrease rate of leaf relative water content and leaf area became larger with the increase of degree and time of drought stress, but the contents of MDA, proline, soluble sugar and soluble protein and the relative activities of SOD and POD were overall ascendant. The relative value of MDA content was negatively correlated with drought resistance, while the increase rate of relative content of proline, soluble sugar, soluble protein and the activity of POD were positively correlated with that of rapeseed varieties. 【Conclusion】 It is an effective way to evaluate the drought tolerance of rapeseed seedlings by using the combination method of comprehensive drought-resistance coefficient, drought-resistance index, fuzzy clustering and grey correlation analysis, which could reflect the relationship between different parameter traits and drought tolerance in rapeseed. Among the 10 tested varieties, the drought tolerance of 94005, Zhongshuang11 and Zhongshuang9 were better and more stable. The change of drought-resistance related parameters of rapeseed under continuous drought stress presented a certain regularity, which indicated the responses of rapeseed to drought stress and could lay a basis for the screening of rapeseed germplasm.

【目的】探讨甘蓝型油菜苗期的抗旱性，为甘蓝型油菜抗旱种质的筛选提供可借鉴的指标、方法，同时为抗旱育种、栽培提供材料和理论依据。【方法】在遮雨网室对油菜苗期进行干旱胁迫，于胁迫的第0、5、10、15、20、25天分别取样测定叶片相对含水量、丙二醛（MDA）含量和保护性酶活性等的变化。采用综合抗旱系数、抗旱指数、聚类分析、灰色关联度分析相结合的方法，对其抗旱性进行综合评价,并对不同类型种质抗旱相关指标的变化进行分析。【结果】被考查的各指标对干旱胁迫的反应程度各异，其中脯氨酸含量、POD活性对干旱胁迫的反应迟钝，而叶片相对含水量反应敏感；根据抗旱性量度值（D值）的聚类结果，将10个油菜种质划分为抗旱性强、抗旱性中等和抗旱性差３个抗旱级别。抗旱相关指标的变化表现为，随干旱胁迫时间的延长和胁迫程度的增大，叶片的相对含水量和叶面积下降幅度变大，而丙二醛（MDA）、脯氨酸、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量和SOD、POD活性相对值总体表现出上升趋势。MDA含量相对值与品种抗旱性呈负相关，而脯氨酸、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质含量和POD活性相对值与品种抗旱性呈正相关。10个参试油菜种质中，94005、中双11号和中双9号抗旱性强。【结论】采用综合抗旱系数、聚类分析、灰色关联度等相结合的方法对油菜苗期抗旱性进行评估，可以较好地揭示指标性状与抗旱性的关系。油菜在连续干旱胁迫下，其叶片相对含水量、丙二醛、叶面积可作为油菜抗旱种质筛选的依据。

2011

0.0

朱宗河, 郑文寅, 张学昆. 甘蓝型油菜耐旱相关性状的主成分分析及综合评价. 中国农业科学, 2011, 44: 1775-1787

Zhu Z

, Zhen W

, Zhang X

Principal component analysis and comprehensive evaluation on morphological and agronomic traits of drought tolerance in rapeseed (Brassica napus L. ).

Sci Agric Sin, 2011, 44: 1775-1787 (in Chinese with English abstract)

摘　要：【目的】通过对花前和花后干旱胁迫下甘蓝型油菜形态及农艺性状多项指标的研究,筛选和鉴定甘蓝型油菜耐旱种质资源。【方法】以49份甘蓝型油菜为材料,考查花前和花后干旱胁迫及正常供水对照的侧根干重、总根干重、侧根体积、总根体积、根表面积、单株干重、茎杆干重、地上部鲜重、茎粗、绿叶数、叶面积、株高、一次分枝数、单株总角数、每角粒数、千粒重、单株籽粒产量等性状,以各性状的耐旱系数作为衡量耐旱性指标,利用主成分分析、回归分析及聚类分析对其进行耐旱性综合评价。【结果】将花前和花后干旱胁迫各15个单项指标综合成为各6个相互独立的综合指标,花前和花后耐旱性极显著正相关（r=0.593＊＊）。系统聚类将49个基因型划分为高度耐旱、中度耐旱、不耐旱3类,在花前干旱胁迫中,不耐旱基因型有34个,中度耐旱12个,高度耐旱3个;在花后干旱胁迫中,不耐旱16个,中度耐旱29个,高度耐旱4个,其中,中油杂11、中双11选系在花前和花后2个时期干旱胁迫均表现高度耐旱。【结论】可利用主成分分析、隶属函数分析和聚类分析对甘蓝型油菜花前和花后耐旱性进行分类和综合评价,筛选甘蓝型油菜耐旱种质。

2014

0.0

杜彩艳, 段宗颜, 王建新, 张乃明, 杨志新, 雷宝坤, 胡万里, 陈拾华, 潘艳华. 云南8个玉米品种苗期抗旱性研究. 西北农业学报, 2014, 23(10): 82-89

Du C

, Duan Z

, Wang J

, Zhang N

, Yang Z

, Lei B

, Hu W

, Chen S

, Pan Y

Studies on the drought resistance of eight maize varieties of Yunnan at the seedling stage.

Acta Agric Boreali-occident Sin, 2014, 23(10): 82-89 (in Chinese with English abstract)

This paper takes the 8 maize varieties (Tiannuo 888, Yunnuo 6, Yunrui 999, Yunrui 6，Yunrui 47,Yunrui 88, Yunyou 105, Yuntianyu 2) as research materials to figure out the possible influence caused by repeated drought treatment. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the changes of 13 phenotypical characters and physiological and biochemical properties (plant height, fresh mass, ratio of root to shoot ,POD, SOD) related to drought resistance, under two levels of water supply (repeated drought treatment and CK) at seedling stage of maize varieties, and assessing drought resistance comprehensively by standard deviation coefficient allocation. Results showed that (1) survival rate, leaf area, plant height, shoot fresh mass, root fresh mass, shoot dry mass, root dry mass decreased. However the MDA, ratio of root to shoot, Pro, soluble protein increased under repeated drought stress. There were large difference of morphological, physiological and biochemical characters among different maize varieties; (2) The intensity of drought resistance is: Yunrui 47＞Yuntianyu 2＞Yunyou 105＞Yunnuo 6＞Tiannuo 888＞Yunrui 6＞Yunrui 999＞Yunrui 88. These results can be referred to maize drought-resistant breeding and maize production.

以8 个玉米品种（甜糯888、云糯6号、云瑞999、云瑞6号、云瑞47、云瑞88、云优105和云甜玉2号）为试验材料，通过盆栽试验，采用苗期反复干旱法，探讨反复干旱下玉米品种株高、地上部干质量、根冠比、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)等与抗旱性有关的13 个表型性状和生理生化指标的变化，并运用标准差系数赋予权重法对其苗期抗旱性进行综合评价，为玉米品种抗旱种质的筛选提供可借鉴的方法，同时为抗旱育种和栽培提供材料和理论依据。结果表明，玉米苗期，经过反复干旱处理后，不同玉米品种的存活率、叶面积、株高、地上部鲜质量、地下部鲜质量、地上部干质量及地下部干质量均有不同程度的下降，丙二醛（MDA）、根冠比、脯氨酸（Pro）和可溶性蛋白质质量分数均不同程度增加，但品种间差异较大；不同品种抗旱性排序为云瑞47>云甜玉2号>云优105>云糯6号>甜糯888>云瑞6号>云瑞999>云瑞88。云瑞47、云甜玉2号和云优105为抗旱性强的种质，可用于抗旱性育种和栽培。

2014

0.0

王兰芬, 武晶, 景蕊莲, 程须珍, 王述民. 绿豆种质资源芽期抗旱性鉴定. 植物遗传资源学报, 2014, 15: 498-503

Wang L

, Wu

, Jing R

, Cheng X

, Wang S

Drought resistance identification of mungbean germplasm resources at bud stage.

J Plant Genet Resour, 2014, 15: 498-503 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Drought stress is a major problem for mungbean production and the drought tolerance evaluation is a priority research for mungbean in whole world. The germination rate of four accessions of mungbean germplasm resources was tested with 5 PEG-6000 density. The results showed that 21.8% (-0.9MPa) of PEG-6000 is the suitable density for screening drought resources at bud stage for mungbean. The drought resistance of 113 accessions of mungbean germplasms resources were evaluated with -0.9MPa PEG-6000 solution. Correlation analysis results showed that relevant germination energy, relevant germination rate, relevant hypocotyl length, relevant radical length, relevant total length, relevant fresh biomass, relevant dry biomass, relevant germination index and relevant vigor index were closely related to the drought resistance. Based on the average membership function analysis, the highest drought resistant germplasm, Dangdijidou (C0000626) and 16 drought resistance germplasms were identified and recommended to be used in the drought tolerance improvement for mungbean breeding.

干旱是影响我国绿豆生产的主要因素之一，筛选抗旱性种质资源，培育抗旱品种，对我国绿豆产业发展具有重要意义。本研究首先以4份绿豆种质为材料，通过检测5个梯度渗透势PEG-6000溶液模拟旱胁迫下的发芽率动态分布，确定了绿豆芽期模拟旱胁迫的适宜PEG-6000溶液渗透势为-0.9MPa（21.8%）。进而以-0.9MPa的PEG-6000溶液对113份绿豆种质进行芽期抗旱鉴定，通过测定发芽势、发芽率、下胚轴长、胚根长、干重和鲜重等10项指标及相关性分析，认为相对发芽势、相对发芽率、相对下胚轴长、相对胚根长、相对总芽长、相对鲜重、相对干重、相对发芽指数、相对活力指数9项指标可以作为评价绿豆芽期抗旱性指标。利用隶属函数分析法，对113份种质的芽期抗旱性进行综合评价，筛选出1份高抗种质当地吉豆（C0000626）和16份抗性种质，为绿豆抗旱基因发掘及抗旱品种改良奠定基础。

2015

0.0

王兰芬, 武晶, 景蕊莲, 程须珍, 王述民. 绿豆种质资源苗期抗旱性鉴定. 作物学报, 2015, 41: 145-153

Wang L

, Wu

, Jing R

, Cheng X

, Wang S

Drought resistance identification of mungbean germplasm resources at seedling stage.

Acta Agron Sin, 2015, 41: 145-153 (in Chinese with English abstract)

It is significant to identify and screen drought resistant mungbean germplasm resources at seedling stage for mungbean cultivar improvement and production in China, at the same time, which could provide some reference methods and basic information for developing “the technical specification of identification and evaluation for drought resistance in mungbean”. The indices including survival rate of seedlings, wilt index, plant height, weight of fresh and dry leaf, relative water content, biomass weight and stress index were measured with the method of repeat drought stress in 70 accessions of mungbean resources. The survival rate of seedlings had significantly positive correlation between the first and the second drought stress, both wilt index and plant height had significantly negative correlation with survival rate. The survival rate of seedling under the first drought stress , wilt index and plant height were selected as suitable indices for drought resistance identification and evaluation based on correlation analysis. The various resistant accessions of mungbean germplasm resources screened by subordinative function analysis included 16 highly resistant, 20 resistant, 23 moderately resistant, eight susceptible and three highly susceptible. The drought resistance was evaluated based on the survival rate of seedling under the first drought stress , wilt index and plant height with the concordance rate of 70.0%, 58.6%, and 51.4% respectively as compared to the comprehensive evaluation. The survival rate of seedling under the first drought stress was recommended as a drought resistance index in screening a large number of germplasm resources ofmungbean.

鉴定筛选苗期抗旱绿豆种质, 对改良绿豆品种抗旱性、促进绿豆产业发展具有重要意义, 同时, 也为“绿豆抗旱性鉴定评价技术规范”的制定提供方法和信息支撑。本研究以70份绿豆种质为材料, 采用苗期反复干旱法，测定幼苗存活率、萎蔫指数、株高、叶片鲜重、叶片干重、叶片含水量、生物量和胁迫指数等指标, 分析各指标间的相关性, 结果显示第1次旱胁迫后的幼苗存活率与第2次旱胁迫后的幼苗存活率呈极显著正相关; 萎蔫指数、株高与幼苗存活率呈极显著负相关，故遴选出第1次旱胁迫幼苗存活率、萎蔫指数和株高为绿豆苗期抗旱性评价的适宜指标。采用隶属函数法, 综合分析划级, 获得高抗旱种质16份、抗旱种质20份, 中抗种质23份、敏感种质8份和极敏感种质3份。以第1次旱胁迫幼苗存活率、萎蔫指数和胁迫株高分别评价绿豆的抗旱性并与综合评价结果相比较，一致率分别为70.0%、58.6%和51.4%。认为第1次旱胁迫幼苗存活率可以作为大规模绿豆种质苗期抗旱筛选的鉴定指标。

2015

0.0

徐宁, 王明海, 包淑英, 王桂芳, 郭中校. 18份绿豆品种资源苗期耐旱性鉴定. 吉林农业科学, 2015, 40(6): 17-20

, Wang M

, Bao S

, Wang G

, Guo Z

Drought tolerance identification of 18 mungbean germplasm resources at seedling stage.

J Jilin Agric Sci, 2015, 40(6): 17-20 (in Chinese with English abstract)

摘　要：利用苗期反复干旱胁迫法,调查了18份绿豆品种资源在干旱胁迫下的表现,采用隶属函数值法综合评价其耐旱性,结果筛选出洮98502、冀绿2号、吉绿11号、吉绿9号为耐旱型(R)种质,耐旱中间型(MR)、耐旱敏感型(S)种质各7份。对干旱胁迫下性状与耐旱平均隶属函数值进行了相关分析,结果表明总根长、根干重、植株干重与平均隶属函数值呈极显著正相关。因此,在反复干旱胁迫下,总根长、根干重、植株干重可以作为绿豆苗期耐旱性鉴定的指标。

2015

0.0

王兰芬, 武晶, 景蕊莲, 程须珍, 王述民. 绿豆种质资源成株期抗旱性鉴定. 作物学报, 2015, 41: 1287-1294

Wang L

, Wu

, Jing R

, Cheng X

, Wang S

Identification of mungbean germplasm resources resistant to drought at adult stage.

Acta Agron Sin, 2015, 41: 1287-1294 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Identification of drought resistance is the basic step for selecting drought resistance germplasm resources and mining the drought resistance genes. In this study, 21 mungbean accessions were identified for drought resistance in the different irrigation conditions of greenhouse. Twelve parameters were investigated, including yield per plant, pod weight per plant, seed number per plant, shoot biomass per plant, biomass per plant, root shoot ratio. The ratios of all parameters under the conditions between drought and control were calculated. The identification indices, methods and mungbean germplasm for drought-resistance were evaluated by correlation analysis, subordinative function analysis , drought resistance coefficient and drought resistance index . The results indicated that drought-resistant coefficient had significantly positive correlations with the ratios under the conditions between drought and control for shoot biomass per plant, biomass per plant, pod weight per plant, seed number per plant, effective pod number per plant and significantly negative correlation with that radio for root shoot ratio. The seven indices were recommended for drought resistance identification in mungbean at adult stage. The correlations were significant among parameter values of three evaluation methods, with a very high consistency. Drought resistance index was recommended to screen a large number of germplasm resources of mungbean at adult stage. The various resistant accessions of mungbean germplasm resources were screened by drought resistance index including three varieties with high resistance, six with resistance, four with moderate resistance, five with susceptibility, and three with high susceptibility.

作物种质资源抗旱性鉴定是获得抗旱资源和挖掘抗旱基因的前提。本研究以21份绿豆种质资源为材料，采用温室内盆栽控水旱胁迫，考察不同品种单株产量、单株荚重、单株粒数、单株地上部生物量、单株生物量、根冠比等12项指标，计算各指标在旱胁迫与对照条件下的比值，运用相关性分析、隶属函数、抗旱系数和抗旱指数方法，评价绿豆成株期抗旱性，筛选抗旱优异种质。结果表明，抗旱系数与单株地上部生物量、单株总生物量、单株荚重、单株粒数、单株有效荚数在旱胁迫与对照条件下的比值呈极显著正相关，与根冠比呈极显著负相关，从而遴选出这7项指标作为绿豆成株期抗旱性鉴定的评价指标；基于隶属函数、抗旱系数和抗旱指数三者呈极显著正相关，且3种评价抗旱分级结果一致性较高，故认为抗旱指数法适宜于大规模绿豆成株期抗旱性鉴定；筛选获得高抗种质3份、抗旱种质6份、中抗种质4份、敏感种质5份和极敏感种质3份。

2012

0.0

孙璐, 周宇飞, 汪澈, 肖木辑, 陶冶, 许文娟, 黄瑞冬. 高粱品种萌发期耐盐性筛选与鉴定. 中国农业科学, 2012, 45: 1714-1722

Sun

, Zhou Y

, Wang

, Xiao M

, Tao

, Xu W

, Huang R

Screening and identification of sorghum cultivars for salinity tolerance during germination.

Sci Agric Sin, 2012, 45: 1714-1722 (in Chinese with English abstract)

【Objective】The objectives of the current study were to explore the response of different sorghum cultivars to salt stress, screen sorghum cultivars suitable for growing in saline soils, and provide a foundation for management of salt stress.【Method】 Thirty seeds of each of 42 sorghum cultivars were treated with 150 mmol•L-1NaCl or distilled water and incubated in Petri dishes for 10 days at humidity of 60%, light/dark of 12h/12h, illumination of 34 μmol•m-2•s-1 and 28℃/25℃ of day/night. Germination and growth were assessed by counting the number of radicals and coleoptiles and leaves that had appeared on a daily basis from the fourth day and measuring their lengths and dry weights on the tenth day using destructive sampling. The cultivars were classified on the basis of salinity tolerance by means of principal component analysis and cluster analysis considering the range of data on germination and growth traits.【Result】The correlation analysis on the relative values of most germination and growth parameters showed positive relationships among several variables. The cultivars were ranked based on the principal components analysis and five groups on salinity tolerance were sorted for the 42 sorghum cultivars according to the cluster analysis.【Conclusion】Principal component analysis results showed that radical length, coleoptiles and leaf weight and germination rate were the most significant factors and are recommended as the main indexes to identify salinity tolerance of sorghum at germination. The analysis showed five of the 42 cultivars were highly salt tolerant, e.g. Liaoza 15, fourteen cultivars were salt tolerant, e.g. Shenshi 104, twelve cultivars were medium salt sensitive, e.g. Aoza 1, eight cultivars were salt sensitive, e.g Tieza 17, and three were highly salt sensitive, e.g. Longza 10. As this research only relates to ranking sensitivity during germination, further work is needed to determine the mechanism of tolerance and its persistence through the plant life cycle.

【目的】根据不同高粱品种萌发期对盐胁迫的响应，筛选出适合在盐渍土壤上种植的高粱品种及为耐盐胁迫人工调控提供依据。【方法】采用人工气候箱内培养皿培养，用150 mmol•L-1NaCl对42个高粱品种进行胁迫处理，蒸馏水处理为对照，每培养皿放30粒种子。人工气候箱内湿度60%，光照/黑暗时间为12h/12h，光照强度为134 μmol•m-2•s-1，昼/夜温度为28℃/25℃。培养第4天测定发芽势，第10天测定发芽率、根长、叶长、根重、叶重。通过主成分分析、聚类分析和对各品种的表现综合评定，对高粱品种进行耐盐性强弱的分类。【结果】多项萌发和生长参数的相对值之间存在着极显著或显著的正相关。主成分分析结果表明，根长、叶重和发芽率分别在根部、叶部和萌发因子中的负荷量最大，可作为萌发期高粱耐盐性筛选的主要鉴定指标。42个高粱品种的耐盐性存在很大差异，其中辽杂15等5个品种为高度耐盐品种，沈试104等14个品种为耐盐品种，敖杂1等12个品种为中等耐盐品种，铁杂17等8个品种为盐敏感品种，龙杂10等3个品种为高度盐敏感品种。【结论】150 mmol•L-1NaCl可作为高粱萌发期耐盐性鉴定的适宜盐浓度，根长、叶重和发芽率等指标可用于大批量高粱品种耐盐性的评价。

2013

0.0

李丰先, 周宇飞, 王艺陶, 孙璐, 白薇, 闫彤, 许文娟, 黄瑞冬. 高粱品种萌发期耐碱性筛选与综合鉴定. 中国农业科学, 2013, 46: 1762-1771

Li F

, Zhou Y

, Wang Y

, Sun

, Bai

, Yan

, Xu W

, Huang R

Screening and identification of sorghum cultivars for alkali tolerance during germination.

Sci Agric Sin, 2013, 46: 1762-1771 (in Chinese with English abstract)

【Objective】The objective of the current study was to explore the response of 35 different sorghum cultivars to alkali stress, and screen them for suitability for growing in alkaline soil and provide some guidance for their management under alkali stress.【Method】Mixed alkali were used (NaHCO3﹕Na2CO3 with the mole ratio of 9﹕1) to simulate the typical alkali stress environment. The 35 sorghum cultivars were treated with 25 mmol•L-1 solution or distilled water and incubated in Petri dishes for 10 days at humidity of 60%, light/dark of 12 h/12 h, illumination of 34 μmol•m-2•s-1 and 28℃/25℃ of day/night during germination. The germination force was measured on the fourth day and the germination percentage, leaf length, root length, leaf fresh weight, root fresh weight, leaf dry weight, root dry weight and remaining seed dry weight were measured on the tenth day. Through the fuzzy mathematics method of membership function, principal component analysis (PCA) and clustering analysis (CA), the alkali resistance of different sorghum cultivars were evaluated.【Result】The PCA results showed that root length, germination index and leaf dry weight were the most significant factors and are recommended as the main indexes for identifing alkali tolerance of sorghum at germination. The cultivars were ranked based on the membership function, and three groups on alkali tolerance were sorted from the 35 sorghum cultivars according to the CA. The analysis showed that seven of the 35 cultivars were strongly tolerant of alkaline conditions, e. g. Siza25, that twenty-two were had medium tolerance, e. g. Jiza 319 and Chiza 28, and that six were sensitive, e. g. Longza 9.【Conclusion】Principal component analysis showed that root length, germination index and leaf dry weight were the most significant factors and these are recommended as the main indexes to identify alkali tolerance of sorghum at germination, and in plant breeding and evaluation projects should be supported by CA and membership function to provide rigorous assessment of cultivars tolerance of alkalinity.

【目的】根据不同高粱品种萌发期对碱胁迫的响应，筛选出适合在盐渍土壤上种植的高粱品种，从而为减轻混合碱胁迫提供调控依据。【方法】采用人工气候箱内培养皿培养，以混合碱（NaHCO3﹕Na2CO3的摩尔比为9﹕1）模拟典型碱胁迫环境，在萌发期以25 mmol•L-1溶液处理35个高粱品种，蒸馏水处理为对照，每培养皿放30粒种子。人工气候箱内湿度为60%，光照/黑暗时间为12h/12h，光照强度为134 μmol•m-2•s-1，昼/夜温度为28℃/25℃。培养第4天测定发芽势，第10天测定发芽率、叶长、根长、叶鲜重、根鲜重、叶干重、根干重、子粒残余干重等性状，通过模糊数学隶属函数法和主成分分析法对各品种进行耐碱性综合评定，并进行聚类分析。【结果】主成分分析结果表明，根长、发芽指数和叶干重分别在根部、萌发因子和叶部中的负荷量最大，可作为萌发期高粱耐碱性筛选的主要鉴定指标。通过模糊数学隶属函数法可以对不同高粱品种进行耐碱性排序，不同高粱品种间耐碱性表现出明显的差异，最后通过聚类分析把35个高粱品种按耐碱性强弱分为三大类，其中四杂25号等7个品种为耐碱品种，吉杂319、赤杂28等22个品种为中等耐碱品种，龙杂9号等6个品种为碱敏感品种。【结论】根长、发芽指数、叶干重等指标可用于大量高粱品种萌发期耐碱性的筛选，隶属函数和聚类分析也可为高粱品种耐碱性在植物育种和鉴定方面提供依据。

2011

0.0

张国伟, 路海玲, 张雷, 陈兵林, 周治国. 棉花萌发期和苗期耐盐性评价及耐盐指标筛. 应用生态学报, 2011, 22: 2045-2053

Zhang G

, Lu H

, Zhang

, Chen B

, Zhou Z

Salt tolerance evaluation of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) at its germinating and seedling stages and selection of related indices.

Chin J Appl Ecol, 2011, 22: 2045-2053 (in Chinese with English abstract)

A sand culture experiment was conducted to study the salt tolerance of 13 cotton cultivars at their germinating and seedling stages under the stress of different concentration NaCl, and a cluster analysis was made on the salt tolerance, according to the subjection values of salt toxicity coefficients of multi-indices and the sum subjection value. It was observed that the appropriate concentration of NaCl for the evaluation of salt tolerance was 150 mmol·L -1 . The salt tolerance differed with cultivar and growth stage. Among the 13 cultivars, the CCRI-44 and CCRI-177 were steadily salt-tolerant at both germinating and seedling stages, the CCRI-103, Dexiamian 1, and NuCOTN 33B were steadily and moderately salt-tolerant, while the CCRI-102, Sumian 12, and Simian 3 were steadily salt-sensitive. Germination rate, germination potential, germination index, vigor index, and fresh mass could be served as the indicators to evaluate the salt tolerance of the cultivars at germinating stage, while plant height, leaf expansion rate, shoot dry mass, root dry mass, root vigor, and net photosynthetic rate could be applied to assess the salt tolerance at seedling stage.

于2010年在江苏南京农业大学人工气候室内进行砂培试验，采用不同浓度的NaCl水溶液模拟盐胁迫，以多项指标盐害系数隶属函数值和总隶属函数值为依据，比较了13个棉花品种萌发期和苗期的耐盐性，并进行聚类分析.结果表明：150 mmol·L -1 NaCl是进行棉花耐盐性鉴定的适宜盐浓度.棉花的耐盐性在生育期和品种间表现不同：中棉所44和中棉所177是在萌发期和苗期均表现稳定的耐盐品种，表现稳定但不耐盐品种有中棉所102、苏棉12号和泗棉3号，表现稳定且中等耐盐品种有中棉所103、德夏棉1号和美棉33B；发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数和鲜质量的盐害系数可以作为棉花萌发期耐盐鉴定指标，株高、叶片伸展速率、地上部干质量、根系干质量、根系活力和净光合速率的盐害系数可以作为棉花苗期耐盐鉴定指标.

2014

0.0

吴纪中, 刘妍妍, 王冲, 沈振国, 蔡士宾, 张巧凤, 夏妍, 王桂萍, 陈亚华. 人工海水胁迫下小麦种质资源的耐盐性筛选与鉴定. 植物遗传资源学报, 2014, 15: 948-953

Wu J

, Liu Y

, Wang

, Shen Z

, Cai S

, Zhang Q

, Xia

, Wang G

, Chen Y

Screening and identification of wheat germplasm for salt tolerance using artificial sea water.

J Plant Genet Resour, 2014, 15: 948-953 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Salinity is a major limitation to crop production in coastal region. Breeding for salinity tolerance could be an effective way of improving yield and yield stability on saline-alkaline soils. However, these require a good understanding of the inheritance of this trait and occupy massive amounts of elite genetics resources tolerant to salt-stress. To provide elite germplasm for new varieties tolerant to salinity in wheat breeding, 363 accessions were evaluated for salt tolerance at the germination stage using artificial sea water. Among accessions tested，28 wheat cultivars with salt tolerance grade 1 were identified. To obtain further salt-tolerant accession at the seedling stage, 48 wheat accessions were selected from the salt tolerance resources ( grade 1 or grade 2 ) at the germination stage to evaluate salt-tolerant at the seedling stage. Two wheat accessions with high salt-tolerant were screened by using the methods of fuzzy membership function. They were Huaimai 31 and Hongkeyangmai, respectively. Based on the original of the wheat germplasm, the capacity of salinity tolerance was different: local varieties>improved varieties>introduced varieties. Correlation analysis of wheat salt tolerance at the germination stage and the seedling stage showed that there is no consistent correlation existed.

利用人工配制的海水筛选耐盐性较好的小麦品种，为沿海滩涂地区的小麦耐盐育种提供重要信息。本文利用人工海水处理的方法，对363份小麦种质资源进行了芽期耐盐性初步鉴定，筛选出芽期耐盐性为一级的小麦种质28份。进一步对芽期耐盐性较好的48份小麦种质进行了苗期耐盐性鉴定，并对其耐盐指标进行隶属值模糊评价分析，从中鉴定出了2个苗期耐盐性较强的小麦种质，分别为淮麦31和红壳洋麦。依据来源的不同，发现小麦种质资源的芽期耐盐性大小依次为地方品种>育成品种>国外引进品种。小麦芽期与苗期的耐盐性相关分析表明，二者相关性极低（r=0.0051）。

2009

0.0

肖鑫辉, 李向华, 刘洋, 王克晶. 野生大豆(Glycine soja)耐高盐碱土壤种质的鉴定与评价. 植物遗传资源学报, 2009, 10: 392-398

Xiao X

, Li X

, Liu

, Wang K

Identification and assessment of salt-tolerant germplasm of wild soybean (Glycine soja) in high saline soil.

J Plant Genet Resour, 2009, 10: 392-398 (in Chinese with English abstract)

使用总含盐量为3%的海滨盐碱土壤盆栽,对津唐渤海湾沿海地区的895份野生大豆株系进行全生育期高强度耐盐碱性鉴定,有109份株系成活并收获种子.对109份高度耐盐碱性株系的10个形态和农艺性状进行主成分分析表明,在高盐碱土壤环境下,野生大豆高耐材料第一主成分的主要构成依次为单株产量、单株粒数、百粒重、单株收获指数、生育期、单株地上干重和株高,贡献率为42.67%.使用总级别值法和隶属函数法对这些高耐盐碱种质进行评价,筛选出高耐盐碱种质15份.

2015

0.0

马晓军, 金峰学, 杨姗, 杨德光, 李晓辉. 作物耐盐碱数量性状基因座(QTL)定位. 分子植物育种, 2015, 13: 221-227

Ma X

, Jin F

, Yang

, Yang D

, Li X

Mapping QTLs for salt and alkaline tolerance in crops.

Mol Plant Breed, 2015, 13: 221-227 (in Chinese with English abstract)

摘　要：盐碱胁迫,作为最严重的非生物逆境胁迫之一,多年来一直受到科研工作者的高度关注。本文综述了迄今为止作物耐盐碱QTL定位及克隆的研究进展,并基于两个实例简要地介绍了近年来转录组学、关联分析等最新技术相结合的应用于QTL分析。最后,本文指出传统QTL定位存在的问题,并展望了对未来作物耐盐碱QTL克隆及其后续的分子机理研究的发展前景。

... 3 绿豆萌发期耐碱性鉴定指标的选择作物耐盐碱性状是受多个数量性状基因座调控的复杂性状^[38], 作物耐盐碱能力是多种代谢的综合表现^[39], 用不同的鉴定指标评价同一个作物品种可能会得到不同的结果^[40] ...

2010

0.0

李源, 刘贵波, 高洪文, 孙桂枝, 赵海明, 谢楠. 紫花苜蓿种质耐盐性综合评价及盐胁迫下的生理反应. 草业学报, 2010, 19(4): 79-86

, Liu G

, Gao H

, Sun G

, Zhao H

, Xie

A comprehensive evaluation of salt-tolerance and the physiological response of Medicago sativa at the seedling stage.

Acta Pratac Sin, 2010, 19(4): 79-86 (in Chinese with English abstract)

以中苜1号为对照,对来自俄罗斯的18份紫花苜蓿种质的耐盐性进行了综合评价,并对盐胁迫下的生理反应进行了初步研究。结果表明,运用标准差系数赋予权重法进行综合评价,不但考虑了不同指标的权重,还定量的鉴定出了每份材料的耐盐能力,比聚类分析的结果更具科学合理性,试验共筛选出M7、M9、M15、810共4份耐盐性强的种质;在此基础上,进一步探讨了盐胁迫下的生理反应,除叶水势随着盐浓度的增加呈下降趋势外,游离脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖含量、细胞质膜透性、丙二醛含量、水分饱和亏缺则呈上升趋势,且不同材料变化幅度不同。可溶性糖含量、细胞质膜透性、丙二醛含量、水分饱和亏缺和叶水势等指标很好的反映了材料间的耐盐性,可直接作为耐盐评价的鉴定指标。

2009

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刘大林, 邱伟伟, 马晶晶, 金晓君. 不同苜蓿品种种子萌发时期的耐盐性比较. 草业科学, 2009, 26(9): 163-169

Liu D

, Qiu W

, Ma J

, Jin X

A comparative study on salt tolerance during germinating period of different alfalfa varieties.

Pratac Sci, 2009, 26(9): 163-169 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Under the laboratory condition, seeds of 7 alfalfa varieties were treated with 0, 0.3%, 0.6%, 0.9% and 1.2% NaCl with 3 replicates. Salt tolerance of 7 alfalfa varieties during germination was compared by measuring germination rate, germination index, vigor index and relatively descending rate of vigor index. The results showed that low concentration NaCl could promote germination rate and high concentration inhibited germinating characters. Both considered germination rate and the speed and uniformity level of germination, it was concluded the strongest salt tolerance varieties were Giant and Sanditi; WL323, Debao, Huangguan and L90 were medium salt tolerance, the weakest was Goethe.

借鉴农作物研究的理论和方法,在实验室条件下用质量分数为0、0.3%、0.6%、0.9%、1.2% 5个梯度的NaCl溶液对7个苜蓿Medicaga sativa品种的种子进行处理，每个处理设置3个重复。通过发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、活力指数相对下降率对各苜蓿种子萌发期的耐盐性进行了比较。结果表明：低质量分数的NaCl溶液能促进种子的萌发，高质量分数的NaCl溶液则抑制了其萌发特性。综合种子的发芽率和萌发的速度与整齐度，7个苜蓿品种中耐盐能力最强的是巨人和三德力，显著高于其他品种（P