主要麻类作物基因组学与遗传改良: 现状与展望

徐益, 张力岚, 祁建民, 张列梅, 张立武

Genomics and genetic improvement in main bast fiber crops: advances and perspectives

XU Yi, ZHANG Li-Lan, QI Jian-Min, ZHANG Lie-Mei, ZHANG Li-Wu

附表1 主要麻类作物纤维发育候选基因信息

Table S1 Information of candidate genes for fiber development in main bast fiber crops

基因 Gene 作物 Crop 功能或表型 Function or phenotype 文献 Reference 4CL 黄麻, 红麻 Jute, kenaf 参与木质素生物合成 Involved in lignin biosynthesis [6, 8, 20] 4CL1 苎麻 Ramie 参与木质素生物合成 Involved in lignin biosynthesis [47] 4CL3 苎麻 Ramie 参与黄酮类化合物的合成 Involved in the synthesis of flavonoids [47] APL 黄麻, 红麻 Jute, kenaf 参与纤维素生物合成 Involved in cellulose biosynthesis [6, 8] bHLH 亚麻 Flax 参与茎底部区域次生细胞壁沉积 Involved in the deposition of secondary cell wall at the bottom of stem [66] 基因 Gene 作物 Crop 功能或表型 Function or phenotype 文献 Reference bZIP 亚麻 Flax 参与茎底部区域次生细胞壁沉积 Involved in the deposition of secondary cell wall at the bottom of stem [66] C3H 红麻 Kenaf 参与木质素生物合成 Involved in lignin biosynthesis [24] C4H 红麻, 苎麻 Kenaf, ramie 参与木质素生物合成 Involved in lignin biosynthesis [8, 47] CAD 黄麻, 红麻, 苎麻 Jute, kenaf, ramie 参与纤维素生物合成 Involved in cellulose biosynthesis [19, 24, 47] CCR 黄麻, 红麻 Jute, kenaf 参与木质素生物合成 Involved in lignin biosynthesis [6, 8, 20] CCoAOMT 黄麻,红麻,苎麻 Jute, kenaf, ramie 参与木质素生物合成 Involved in lignin biosynthesis [6, 24, 47] CesA 亚麻 Flax 沉默后, 韧皮纤维的数量和结构受到了严重的影响 The quantity and structure of phloem fibers were seriously affected after silencing [62-63] CesA1 红麻, 苎麻 Kenaf, ramie 参与初生细胞壁的纤维素沉积 Involved in cellulose deposition of primary cell wall [8, 42] CesA2 苎麻 Ramie 参与木质素生物合成 Involved in lignin biosynthesis [43] CesA3 红麻, 苎麻 Kenaf, ramie 参与初生细胞壁的纤维素沉积 Involved in cellulose deposition of primary cell wall [8, 43] CesA4 黄麻, 红麻, 苎麻, 工业大麻 Jute, kenaf, ramie, hemp 参与次生细胞壁中纤维素沉积 Involved in cellulose deposition in secondary cell wall [6, 8, 44, 80] CesA6 红麻 Kenaf 参与初生细胞壁的纤维素沉积 Involved in cellulose deposition of primary cell wall [8] CesA7 黄麻, 红麻, 工业大麻 Jute, kenaf, hemp 协调木聚糖型S层的沉积 Coordinating the S-layers deposition in the xylan-type [8, 19, 80] CesA8 红麻, 工业大麻 Kenaf, hemp 参与次生细胞壁中纤维素沉积 Involved in cellulose deposition in secondary cell wall [8, 80] CML15b 亚麻 Flax PLR1基因转录调控的关键因子 Key factors for transcription regulation of PLR1 gene [68] COB 工业大麻 Hemp 在次级生长的下胚轴中有较高表达量 Highly expressed in hypocotyls undergoing secondary growth [80] COBL4 工业大麻 Hemp 在次级生长的下胚轴中有较高表达量 Highly expressed in hypocotyls undergoing secondary growth [80] COMT 黄麻, 红麻, 亚麻 Jute, kenaf, flax 参与木质素生物合成 Involved in lignin biosynthesis [6, 8, 20, 24, 67] CSL 黄麻, 红麻, 亚麻 Jute, kenaf, flax 参与纤维素生物合成 Involved in cellulose biosynthesis [8, 17, 62] F5H 红麻, 苎麻 Kenaf, ramie 参与木质素生物合成 Involved in lignin biosynthesis [8, 24, 47] FLA6 黄麻 Jute 协调木聚糖型S层的沉积 Coordinating the S-layers deposition in the xylan-type [19] FLA11 工业大麻 Hemp 影响植物细胞壁中纤维素、阿拉伯糖和半乳糖的含量 Impact cellulose, arabinose and galactose content in plant cell walls [80, 82] FLA12 工业大麻 Hemp 影响植物细胞壁中纤维素、阿拉伯糖和半乳糖的含量 Impact cellulose, arabinose and galactose content in plant cell walls [80, 82] G2-like 亚麻 Flax 参与茎底部区域次生细胞壁沉积 Involved in the deposition of secondary cell wall at the bottom of stem [66] GRAS 亚麻 Flax 分支数候选基因Candidate gene for the number of branches [112] 基因 Gene 作物 Crop 功能或表型 Function or phenotype 文献 Reference HAT22 黄麻, 红麻 Jute, kenaf 参与纤维素生物合成 Involved in cellulose biosynthesis [6, 8] HB8 红麻 Kenaf 参与纤维形成 Involved in fiber formation [8] HCA2 红麻 Kenaf 参与纤维形成 Involved in fiber formation [8] HCT 红麻 Kenaf 参与木质素生物合成 Involved in lignin biosynthesis [8, 24] KANADI 红麻 Kenaf 参与纤维形成 Involved in fiber formation [8] Kor 黄麻, 红麻 Jute, kenaf 参与纤维素生物合成 Involved in cellulose biosynthesis [8, 17] LBD1 红麻 Kenaf 参与纤维形成 Involved in fiber formation [8] MP 红麻 Kenaf 参与纤维形成 Involved in fiber formation [8] MYB 亚麻 Flax 参与茎底部区域次生细胞壁沉积 Involved in the deposition of secondary cell wall at the bottom of stem [66] MYB46 红麻, 苎麻, 亚麻, 工业大麻 Kenaf, ramie, flax, hemp 参与次生细胞壁生物发生和木聚糖生物合成 Involved in secondary cell wall biogenesis and xylan biosynthesis [8, 12, 48, 80, 82] MYB58 红麻 Kenaf 参与韧皮纤维的次生细胞壁合成 Involved in the secondary cell wall synthesis of phloem fibers [8] MYB83 黄麻, 红麻, 亚麻 Jute, kenaf, flax 参与纤维素生物合成 Involved in cellulose biosynthesis [6, 8, 12] MYB85 红麻 Kenaf 参与韧皮纤维的次生细胞壁合成 Involved in the secondary cell wall synthesis of phloem fibers [8] MYB103 红麻 Kenaf 参与韧皮纤维的次生细胞壁合成 Involved in the secondary cell wall synthesis of phloem fibers [8] NAC19 苎麻 Ramie 上调MYB46的表达 Up regulation of MYB46 expression [48] NAC24 苎麻 Ramie 上调MYB46的表达 Up regulation of MYB46 expression [48] NST1 工业大麻 Hemp 纤维分化的主要调节因子 Major regulator of fibre differentiation [80-81] PAL 红麻, 苎麻 Kenaf, ramie 参与木质素生物合成 Involved in lignin biosynthesis [8, 47] NST1 红麻 Kenaf 参与韧皮纤维的次生细胞壁合成 Involved in the secondary cell wall synthesis of phloem fibers [8] PHAC1 亚麻 Flax 表达量与纤维拉力强度成正比 The expression is proportional to the tensile strength of the fiber [68] PIN1 红麻 Kenaf 参与纤维形成 Involved in fiber formation [8] PL 亚麻 Flax 株高候选基因 Candidate gene for plant height [112] PLR1 亚麻 Flax 参与木质素生物合成 Involved in lignin biosynthesis [68] ROPGAP3 亚麻 Flax 参与韧皮纤维的次生细胞壁合成 Involved in the secondary cell wall synthesis of phloem fibers [12] SND1 红麻 Kenaf 参与韧皮纤维的次生细胞壁合成 Involved in the secondary cell wall synthesis of phloem fibers [8] SND2 红麻 Kenaf 参与韧皮纤维的次生细胞壁合成 Involved in the secondary cell wall synthesis of phloem fibers [8] SND3 红麻 Kenaf 参与韧皮纤维的次生细胞壁合成 Involved in the secondary cell wall synthesis of phloem fibers [8] Susy 黄麻, 红麻 Jute, kenaf 参与纤维素生物合成 Involved in cellulose biosynthesis [8, 17] 基因 Gene 作物 Crop 功能或表型 Function or phenotype 文献 Reference TDIF 红麻 Kenaf 参与纤维形成 Involved in fiber formation [8] TOUCH4 工业大麻 Hemp 将木葡聚糖靶向于次生细胞壁S1层的初生-次生细胞壁交界 Participate in the targeting of xyloglucan to the primary- secondary cell wall junction in the secondary cell wall S1 layer [80] UGPase 黄麻 Jute 参与纤维素生物合成 Involved in cellulose biosynthesis [17] UGT 亚麻 Flax 株高候选基因 Candidate gene for plant height [112] WAT1 苎麻 Ramie 高纤维品种驯化中的受选择基因 Selection of highly domesticated fiber varieties [45] WLIM1 工业大麻 Hemp 捆绑肌动蛋白丝来促进纤维的延伸, 与PAL-box结合来促进木质素生物合成基因的木质化 Fibre extension by bundling the actin filament but also fibre lignification by promoting the lignin/lignin-like biosynthetic genes via binding to the PAL-box [80, 83] WOX4 黄麻, 红麻 Jute, kenaf 参与纤维素生物合成 Involved in cellulose biosynthesis [6, 8] WRKY 黄麻 Jute 纤维改良 Fiber improvement [20] WRKY36 亚麻 Flax 通过与PLR1启动子中的W-box结合, 参与木质素生物合成 Involved in lignin biosynthesis by binding with W-box in PLR1 promoter [69] XTH 亚麻 Flax 分支数候选基因 Candidate gene for the number of branches [112] XTH5 工业大麻 Hemp 韧皮纤维的伸长依赖于XTH的活性 Bast fibre extension depends on the activities of XTH [80] XTH8 工业大麻 Hemp 韧皮纤维的伸长依赖于XTH的活性 Bast fibre extension depends on the activities of XTH [80] XTH15 工业大麻 Hemp 在二次生长的较老大麻下胚轴中表达较多 More expressed in the elongating hemp hypocotyl [80] XTH22 工业大麻 Hemp 在二次生长的较老大麻下胚轴中表达较多 More expressed in the elongating hemp hypocotyl [80]