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作物学报

作物学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (1): 68-78.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.41034

所属专题： 小麦：遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇    下一篇

新疆小麦过氧化物酶活性基因TaPod-A1、TaPod-A3和TaPod-D1等位变异及分布规律

刘鑫源1,2(), 程宇坤1,2, 王丽丽1, 战帅帅1, 马孟瑶1, 郭玲1, 耿洪伟1,2,*()   

  1. 1新疆农业大学农学院 / 新疆优质专用麦类作物工程技术研究中心, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830052
    2新疆作物遗传改良与种质创新重点实验室, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830052
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-10 接受日期:2024-09-18 出版日期:2025-01-12 网络出版日期:2024-10-10
  • 通讯作者: *耿洪伟, E-mail: hw-geng@163.com
  • 作者简介:E-mail: 2063827796@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    新疆自治区重点研发任务专项(2022B02001-3);新疆农业大学研究生科研创新计划项目(XJAUGRI2023005);新疆小麦产业技术体系建设专项(XJARS-01-02)

Allelic variation and distribution of peroxidase activity genes TaPod-A1, TaPod-A3, and TaPod-D1 of wheat in Xinjiang, China

LIU Xin-Yuan1,2(), CHENG Yu-Kun1,2, WANG Li-Li1, ZHAN Shuai-Shuai1, MA Meng-Yao1, GUO Ling1, GENG Hong-Wei1,2,*()   

  1. 1College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University / Xinjiang Engineering Technology Research Center for High-quality Special Wheat Crops, Urumqi 830052, Xinjiang, China
    2Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation, Urumqi 830052, Xinjiang, China
  • Received:2024-05-10 Accepted:2024-09-18 Published:2025-01-12 Published online:2024-10-10
  • Contact: *E-mail: hw-geng@163.com
  • Supported by:
    Key R&D Project of Xinjiang Autonomous Region(2022B02001-3);Graduate Research and Innovation Program of Xinjiang Agricultural University(XJAUGRI2023005);Xinjiang Agriculture Research System(XJARS-01-02)

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摘要：

小麦面粉的颜色是其品质分级的重要指标, 为了使小麦面粉的品质得到进一步提升, 本研究利用位于TaPod-A1、TaPod-A3和TaPod-D1位点基因的功能标记对110份新疆小麦品种(系)进行等位变异基因检测。基因型与表型方差分析结果显示, TaPod-A1、TaPod-A3和TaPod-D1位点的等位变异类型TaPod-A1b (35.5%)、TaPod-A3c (53.6%)和TaPod-D1b (60%)较其他等位变异类型TaPod-A1a (64.5%)、TaPod-A3a (46.4%)和TaPod-D1a (40%)均具有较高的POD活性。在新疆小麦材料中, TaPod-A1、TaPod-A3和TaPod-D1的3个不同基因位点上高POD活性的优异等位变异类型的分布频率均表现为引进品种(系)≈自育品种(系)>地方品种。TaPod-A3b在110份新疆小麦材料中并未检测出, 说明该等位变异为稀有等位变异。具有TaPod-A1、TaPod-A3和TaPod-D1基因等位变异组合品种(系)的平均POD活性高低依次为TaPod-A1b/TaPod-A3c/TaPod-D1b (2836.25 U g-1 min-1) > TaPod-A1b/TaPod-A3c/TaPod-D1a (2796.00 U g-1 min-1) > TaPod-A1b/TaPod-A3a/TaPod-D1b (2520.31 U g-1 min-1) > TaPod-A1a/TaPod-A3c/TaPod-D1b (2473.91 U g-1 min-1) > TaPod-A1a/TaPod-A3a/TaPod-D1b (2407.65 U g-1 min-1) > TaPod-A1b/TaPod-A3a/TaPod-D1a (2339.06 U g-1 min-1) > TaPod-A1a/TaPod-A3c/TaPod-D1a (2320.38 U g-1 min-1) > TaPod-A1a/TaPod-A3a/TaPod-D1a (2210.69 U g-1 min-1)。其中, 具有TaPod-A1b/TaPod-A3c/TaPod-D1b等位变异基因的活性(2836.25 U g-1 min-1)极显著高于具有TaPod-A1a/TaPod-A3a/TaPod-D1a (2210.69 U g-1 min-1) (P < 0.01)的品种, 说明具有较多优异等位变异类型的品种具有较高的POD活性。

关键词: 小麦, 过氧化物酶, 等位变异, 分子标记检测

Abstract:

To further improve the quality of wheat flour, functional markers for the TaPod-A1, TaPod-A3, and TaPod-D1 loci were employed to detect allelic variations in 110 wheat varieties (lines) from Xinjiang. Genotypic and phenotypic ANOVA results revealed that the TaPod-A1b (35.5%), TaPod-A3c (53.6%), and TaPod-D1b (60%) alleles associated with significantly higher POD activity compared to TaPod-A1a (64.5%), TaPod-A3a (46.4%), and TaPod-D1a (40%) alleles, respectively. In Xinjiang wheat cultivars, the distribution frequencies of favorable high-POD activity alleles at the TaPod-A1, TaPod-A3, and TaPod-D1 loci were higher in introduced varieties (lines)≈self-fertile varieties (lines) compared to landraces. Notably, the TaPod-A3b allele was absent in all 110 Xinjiang wheat samples, suggesting that it is a rare allele. The average POD activity of cultivars (lines) with specific alleles at the TaPod-A1, TaPod-A3, and TaPod-D1 genes followed the order: TaPod-A1b/TaPod-A3c/TaPod-D1b (2836.25 U g-1 min-1) > TaPod-A1b/TaPod-A3c/TaPod-D1a (2796.00 U g-1 min-1) > TaPod-A1b/TaPod-A3a/TaPod-D1b (2520.31 U g-1 min-1) > TaPod-A1a/TaPod-A3c/TaPod-D1b (2473.91 U g-1 min-1) > TaPod-A1a/TaPod-A3a/TaPod-D1b (2407.65 U g-1 min-1) > TaPod-A1b/TaPod-A3a/TaPod-D1a (2339.06 U g-1 min-1) > TaPod-A1a/TaPod-A3c/TaPod-D1a (2320.38 U g-1 min-1) > TaPod-A1a/TaPod-A3a/TaPod-D1a (2210.69 U g-1 min-1). Among these, the allele combination TaPod-A1b/TaPod-A3c/TaPod-D1b exhibited significantly higher POD activity (2836.25 U g-1 min-1) compared to the combination TaPod-A1a/TaPod-A3a/TaPod- D1a (2210.69 U g-1 min-1) (P < 0.01), indicating that varieties with superior allele combinations exhibit enhanced POD activity.

Key words: wheat, peroxidase, alleles, molecular marker testing

表1

检测POD基因的引物序列、扩增片段长度及其等位变异"

引物名称
Primer name		 引物序列
Primer sequence (5′-3′)		 扩增片段长度
Length of amplified fragment (bp)		 等位变异
Allelic variation
POD-3A1 F: ACGGGAGACGACGAGAAGCAAAGA 291 TaPod-A1a
R: TCGTGGAAGTGTAGGCGAAGA
POD-3A2 F: GTGGCGCAGGGCCTGTCA 766 TaPod-A1b
R: GTTGTCGAACACGTTGGGGGA
POD-7A1 F: CACGAGACGCTGTGGAAGGACAG 216 TaPod-A3a
R: TCGCATTCAAGGACGCATACA
POD-7A2 F: TATTTTTTTTTTTTTTGCGTTC 882 TaPod-A3b
R: GGATCTCCCCCTTGCGTGCCGGTCTT
POD-7A3 F: AAGACCGGCACGCAGGGGGAGA 156 TaPod-A3c
R: TCGCATTCAAGGACGCATACA
POD-7D1 F: GCTTCGTCCAGGACGCGTT 540 TaPod-D1a
R: CGAGGAATGGGGGGTTGATG
POD-7D6 F: TGGGCATGGGGCTTCTGCA 640 TaPod-D1b
R: GCGAGGAATGGGGGGTTGATG

图1

标记POD-3A1和POD-3A2扩增的结果 M: marker DL2000; 1: 阿伯格其力格; 2: 伊农20; 3: 北京6号; 4: 碧蚂1号; 5: 碧蚂4号; 6: 洛夫林10号; 7: 无芒1号; 8: 新春3; 9: 新春22; 10: 新春26号。"

图2

标记POD-7A1和POD-7A3扩增的结果 M: marker DL2000; 1: 新冬32号; 2: 奎花一号; 3: 石冬7号; 4: 新冬34号; 5: 冀麦24; 6: 石冬8号; 7: 石冬9号; 8: 白蚰包; 9: 喀冬4号; 10: 冀麦26。"

图3

标记POD-7D1和POD-7D6扩增的结果 M: marker DL2000; 1: 喀冬1号; 2: 奎花4号; 3: 石冬7号; 4: 新冬27; 5: 新冬28号; 6: 新春11; 7: 新春40; 8: 新冬37; 9: 新冬36; 10: 新冬23。"

表2

不同类型品种小麦POD活性的分布"

等位变异基因
Allele		 全部品种(系)
All varieties (lines)		 冬小麦 Winter wheat 春小麦 Spring wheat
地方品种(系)
Landraces (lines)		 自育品种(系)
Self-bred varieties (lines)		 引进品种(系)
Introduced varieties (lines)		 总计
Total		 早期品种(系)
Early varieties (lines)		 近期品种(系)
Recent varieties (lines)		 总计
Total
TaPod-A1a 2363.2 a 2422.67 a 2338.04 a 2431.36 a 2389.16 a 0 2412.08 a 2412.08 a
TaPod-A1b 2664.29 b 3057.5 b 2437.5 a 2875.23 b 2673.81 b 2420.83 2703.65 a 2650.62 a
TaPod-A3a 2345.05 a 2422.5 a 2255.68 a 2502.29 a 2362.22 a 0 2216.25 a 2216.25 a
TaPod-A3b 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
TaPod-A3c 2577.92 b 2550 a 2508.97 a 2529.05 a 2523.55 a 2588.75 2794.04 a 2755.55 b
TaPod-D1a 2332.95 a 2363.75 a 2204.88 a 2465 a 2332.96 a 0 0 0
TaPod-D1b 2561.29 b 2521.5 a 2535.79 b 2584.5 a 2549.15 b 2420.83 2611.58 2585.57
TaPod-A1a/TaPod-A3a/TaPod-D1a 2210.69 a 2225 a 2115 ab 2505.833 abcd 2210.69 a 0 0 0
TaPod-A1a/TaPod-A3a/TaPod-D1b 2407.65 ab 2587.083 a 2385 ab 2162.5 a 2406.5 ab 0 2416.25 ab 2416.25 ab
TaPod-A1a/TaPod-A3c/TaPod-D1b 2473.91 ab 2423.125 a 2528 ab 2457.5 abc 2487.37 abcd 0 2410 ab 2410 ab
TaPod-A1a/TaPod-A3c/TaPod-D1a 2320.38 a 0 2370 ab 2305.5 ab 2320.38 abc 0 0 0
TaPod-A1b/TaPod-A3a/TaPod-D1a 2339.06 a 0 2009.375 a 2668.75 abcd 2339.06 ab 0 0 0
TaPod-A1b/TaPod-A3c/TaPod-D1a 2796 c 3057.5 b 2600 ab 3122.5 cd 2796 d 0 0 0
TaPod-A1b/TaPod-A3a/TaPod-D1b 2520.31 ab 0 2837.5 b 3185 d 2924.38 bcd 0 2116.25 a 2116.25 a
TaPod-A1b/TaPod-A3c/TaPod-D1b 2836.2 5c 0 2462.5 ab 2929 bcd 2851.25 cd 2420.83 2964.72 b 2828.75 b

表3

不同类型新疆小麦品种(系)等位变异的分布频率"

等位变异基因
Allele		 全部品种(系)
All varieties
(lines)		 冬小麦 Winter wheat 春小麦 Spring wheat
地方品种(系)
Landraces
(lines)		 自育品种(系)
Self-bred varieties (lines)		 引进品种(系)
Introduced varieties (lines)		 总计
Total		 早期品种(系)
Early varieties
(lines)		 近期品种(系)
Recent varieties (lines)		 总计
Total
个数
No.		 频率
Frequency
(%)		 个数
No.		 频率
Frequency
(%)		 个数
No.		 频率
Frequency
(%)		 个数
No.		 频率
Frequency
(%)		 个数
No.		 频率
Frequency
(%)		 个数
No.		 频率
Frequency
(%)		 个数
No.		 频率
Frequency
(%)		 个数
No.		 频率
Frequency (%)
TaPod-A1a 71 64.5 15 93.8 28 71.8 22 66.7 65 73.9 0 0 6 31.6 6 27.3
TaPod-A1b 39 35.5 1 6.2 11 28.2 11 33.3 23 26.1 3 100 13 68.4 16 72.7
TaPod-A3a 51 46.4 11 68.8 22 56.4 12 36.4 45 51.1 0 0 6 31.6 6 27.3
TaPod-A3b 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
TaPod-A3c 59 53.6 5 31.2 17 43.6 21 63.6 43 48.9 3 100.0 13 68.4 16 72.7
TaPod-D1a 44 0.4 6 37.5 20 51.3 18 54.5 44 50.0 0 0 0 0 0 0
TaPod-D1b 66 0.6 10 62.5 19 48.7 15 45.5 44 50.0 3 100.0 19 100.0 22 100.0
TaPod-A1a/TaPod-A3a/TaPod-D1a 18 16.4 5 31.25 10 25.6 3 9.1 18 20.5 0 0 0 0 0 0
TaPod-A1a/TaPod-A3a/TaPod-D1b 17 15.5 6 37.5 5 12.8 4 12.1 15 17.0 0 0 2 10.5 2 9.1
TaPod-A1a/TaPod-A3c/TaPod-D1b 23 20.9 4 25 10 25.6 5 15.2 19 21.6 0 0 4 21.1 4 18.2
TaPod-A1a/TaPod-A3c/TaPod-D1a 13 11.8 0 0 3 7.7 10 30.3 13 14.8 0 0 0 0 0 0
TaPod-A1b/TaPod-A3a/TaPod-D1a 8 7.3 0 0 4 10.3 4 12.1 8 9.1 0 0 0 0 0 0
TaPod-A1b/TaPod-A3c/TaPod-D1a 5 4.5 1 6.25 3 7.7 1 3.0 5 5.7 0 0 0 0 0 0
TaPod-A1b/TaPod-A3a/TaPod-D1b 8 7.3 0 0 3 7.7 1 3.0 4 4.5 0 0 4 21.1 4 18.2
TaPod-A1b/TaPod-A3c/TaPod-D1b 18 16.3 0 0 1 2.6 5 15.2 6 6.8 3 100.0 9 47.3 12 54.5
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