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作物学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (6): 1669-1681.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2026.51095

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇    下一篇

山西小麦品种白粉病抗性评价及抗病基因分子检测

毛嘉琦1,2(), 黄朋雨1,2, 赵佳佳1, 郑兴卫1, 武棒棒1, 郝宇琼1, 屈非2, 刘成4, 马朋涛3,*(), 郑军1,*()   

  1. 1 山西农业大学小麦研究所 / 农业农村部有机旱作农业重点实验室(部省共建), 山西临汾 041000
    2 山西农业大学农学院, 山西晋中 030801
    3 烟台大学生命科学学院, 山东烟台 264000
    4 山东省农业科学院作物研究所, 山东济南 250100
  • 收稿日期:2025-11-23 接受日期:2026-02-27 出版日期:2026-06-12 网络出版日期:2026-03-06
  • 通讯作者: *郑军, E-mail: sxnkyzj@126.com; 马朋涛, E-mail: ptma@ytu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:毛嘉琦, E-mail: 18246756687@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    山西省现代农业产业技术体系专项(2024CYJSTX02);山西省小麦育种联合攻关项目(NYGG26-01);山西省重点研发计划项目(202302140601001)

Evaluation of powdery mildew resistance in wheat cultivars and molecular detection of resistance genes in Shanxi province, China

Mao Jia-Qi1,2(), Huang Peng-Yu1,2, Zhao Jia-Jia1, Zheng Xing-Wei1, Wu Bang-Bang1, Hao Yu-Qiong1, Qu Fei2, Liu Cheng4, Ma Peng-Tao3,*(), Zheng Jun1,*()   

  1. 1 Institute of Wheat Research, Shanxi Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Linfen 041000, Shanxi, China
    2 College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, Shanxi, China
    3 College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China
    4 Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
  • Received:2025-11-23 Accepted:2026-02-27 Published:2026-06-12 Published online:2026-03-06
  • Contact: * Zheng Jun, E-mail: sxnkyzj@126.com; Ma Peng-Tao, E-mail: ptma@ytu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System of Shanxi Province(2024CYJSTX02);Shanxi Joint Action Program of Wheat Breeding(NYGG26-01);Key Research and Development Project of Shanxi Province(202302140601001)

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摘要：

白粉病是威胁世界小麦生产的主要病害之一, 精准鉴定品种资源的白粉病抗性, 并分析其抗病遗传基础对小麦抗病品种的选育和推广意义重大。本研究对326份山西小麦品种进行苗期和成株期白粉病抗性鉴定, 利用Pm2b、Pm4、Pm8和Pm21等11个生产上常用或抗性较好的抗病基因的分子标记进行检测, 并通过16K SNP芯片进行全基因组关联分析挖掘新的抗白粉病遗传位点。结果表明, 山西小麦白粉病抗性水平整体不高, 金丰3号、圣麦104和临麦5311等10个品种苗期对白粉病菌株E09表现出较好的抗性; 运黑28、尧麦30和运黑14207等29个品种表现出成株期抗性; 仅圣麦104、JT176、临麦5311和金丰3号4个品种在苗期和成株期均表现出较好的抗性。进一步对苗期免疫品种进行多菌株的抗谱分析, 发现金丰3号、圣麦104和JT176对大部分菌株表现出较好的抗性, 是抗白粉病育种的优异种质资源。标记分析表明, 山西小麦抗白粉病遗传基础狭窄, 携带抗病基因单一, 11个抗病基因中有Pm2b、Pm5e和Pm6等7个常用基因被检测到, 而Pm1a、Pm24、Pm60和Pm69基因未被检测到; 108个品种含有单个已知抗病基因, 其中, Pm8分布频率最高, 占14.11%; 对于多个抗病基因的聚合, 聚合频率较高的是Pm5e+Pm8和Pm6+Pm8组合, 仅1个品种聚合了4个不同的抗病基因。利用全基因组关联分析, 在1A、2A和2D等8条染色体上检测到15个稳定的遗传位点, 结合单元型与表型的关系进行分析, 发现在1A、2D、4B和6A染色体位点的单元型与表型显著关联, 2D、4B、7B和7D染色体上可能携带新的白粉病抗性位点。

关键词: 山西小麦, 白粉病, 抗病性, 抗病基因, 全基因组关联分析

Abstract:

Powdery mildew (PM) is one of the major diseases threatening wheat production worldwide. Accurate identification of powdery mildew resistance in wheat cultivars and dissection of its genetic basis are crucial for breeding and deploying disease-resistant cultivars. In this study, we evaluated seedling- and adult-plant resistance to powdery mildew in 326 wheat accessions. We then used 11 molecular markers targeting Pm genes that are commonly used in breeding or confer high levels of resistance, including Pm2b, Pm4, Pm8, and Pm21, to detect resistance alleles. To identify additional Pm loci, we also performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using a wheat 16K SNP array. The results showed that 10 cultivars (e.g., Jinfeng 3, Shengmai 104, and Linmai 5311) were resistant to the Bgt isolate E09, indicating an overall lack of seedling resistance among the evaluated accessions. At the adult stage, 29 cultivars (e.g., Yunhei 28, Yaomai 30, and Yunhei 14207) were resistant to mixed Bgt isolates, and only four cultivars (Shengmai 104, JT176, Linmai 5311, and Jinfeng 3) displayed good resistance at both the seedling and adult stages. Multi-isolate tests of seedling resistance further indicated that Jinfeng 3, Shengmai 104, and JT176 were highly resistant to most isolates evaluated, representing valuable germplasm for powdery mildew resistance breeding. Marker-based analysis suggested that Shanxi wheat has a narrow genetic basis for powdery mildew resistance and tends to carry only one major Pm gene. Of the 11 Pm genes assayed, seven genes (e.g., Pm2b, Pm5e, and Pm6) were detected, whereas Pm1a, Pm24, Pm60, and Pm69 were not detected. In total, 108 accessions carried only one of the tested Pm genes; Pm8 was the most frequent, occurring in 14.11% of accessions. For gene pyramiding, the most common combinations were Pm5e+Pm8 and Pm6+Pm8, and only one cultivar carried four Pm genes. GWAS identified 15 stable loci across eight chromosomes; haplotype-phenotype analyses revealed significant associations at loci on chromosomes 1A, 2D, 4B, and 6A, and loci on 2D, 4B, 7B, and 7D may harbor novel powdery mildew resistance loci.

Key words: Shanxi wheat, powdery mildew, disease resistance, resistance gene, GWAS

表1

小麦抗白粉病基因检测分子标记"

基因
Gene		 标记
Marker		 引物序列
Primer sequence (5′-3′)		 参考文献
Reference
Pm1a STS1-F CAATATAAACTTCAGATGTTCTATTCTCAAAC [34]
STS1-R CTACATTGGCTATGCGTGTAGTC
Pm2b Pm2b-map-3-F TGGTAACGAAGGTTGTCGCC [35]
Pm2b-map-3-R GCTCAATCTGAGAACCTT
Pm4 JS717 AGGTGGACATCCTAGGCGCT [36]
JS718 GATCTGGGTACCACAGCACCG
Pm5e wmc364-F ATCACAATGCTGGCCCTAAAAC [37]
wmc364-R CAGTGCCAAAATGTCGAAAGT
Pm6 CIT02g-20F GCGGCTTGTCGGTGTATAG [38]
CIT02g-20R TGTTCACACAAGCAGCAAGTT
Pm8 sfr43-F TGGCTTCCAACAGCCCTAGC [39]
sfr43-R AGGCTTTTGCACCTTCTCTC
Pm12 MBH2-F AGCTGTTTCCTTTCCAATGAGTAA [40]
MBH2-R GCTGTGAATCCATTATGCTGTTTCA
Pm21 MBH1-F GCCATTATAGTCAAGAGTGCACTAGCTGT [41]
MBH1-R AGCTCCTCTCGTTCTCCAATGCT
Pm24 STS-Pm24-F TATGGTGTCATTTAAGGCTGAG [42]
STS-Pm24-R TTTCTCACATCCTCATCAAACC
Pm60 M-Pm60-S1-F CTCACAGTTCCACACTGATAT [43]
M-Pm60-S1-R CTCCATCAATCTCAAGTTCTTCG
Pm69 uhw403-F GCTATCGCCATCTACCTATC [5]
uhw403-R ATAAACTCCCGAGATGCG

图1

山西小麦不同品种的白粉病表型鉴定 A: 山西小麦不同品种苗期表型鉴定; 0: 免疫; 0;: 坏死; 1: 高抗; 2: 中抗; 3: 中感; 4: 高感。B: 山西小麦不同品种成株期表型鉴定; 1-2: 高抗; 3-4: 中抗; 5-6: 中感; 7-9: 高感。C-D: 成株期免疫及高感材料田间表现。"

图2

已知抗白粉病基因的连锁/功能分子标记的分型模式图 A: Pm2b功能标记Map-3; B: Pm6功能标记CIT029-20; C: Pm21功能标记MBH1; D: Pm5e连锁标记WMC364; E: Pm24功能标记STS-Pm24; F: Pm12功能标记MBH2; G: Pm4功能标记JS717; H: Pm8功能标记Sfr43。M代表marker DL 50 (A-F)和DL 5000 (G-H); Pm2b、Pm6、Pm21、Pm5e、Pm24、Pm12、Pm4、Pm8阳性对照分别为D57-5D、Coker747、扬麦5/Sub.6V、Fuzhuang 30、齿牙糙、CI14119、Yuma、Disponent。阴性对照均为中国春。1-10泳道均为山西小麦中选择的部分品种。"

图3

山西小麦抗白粉病基因的分布频率 A: 单个抗病基因在山西小麦中的分布; B: 抗病基因组合在山西小麦中的分布; C: 不同育成年份品种抗病基因的分布频率。"

表2

供试小麦品种(系)对22个白粉菌株的反应及携带的抗白粉病基因"

品种
Variety		 抗病基因
Pm gene		 E09 E05 E20 E21 E31 E23 F07 E32 F02 F01 F03
复壮30
Fuzhuang 30		 Pm5e 1+0; 1+0; 3+0; 0 4 4 — 0; — — —
Coker747 Pm6 4 3 4 4 4 4 — 4 — — —
Kavkaz Pm8 4 0 4 4 4 4 — 1 — — —
Yangmai 5/Sub.6v Pm21 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; — 0; — — —
游白兰
Youbailan		 Pm5e 0 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 4 4
金丰3号
Jinfeng 3		 Pm21 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;
圣麦104
Shengmai 104		 Pm21 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;
JT176 Pm6+Pm8+Pm21 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;
品种
Variety		 抗病基因
Pm gene		 E17 E07 F06 E15 F23 F16 F09 F08 F17 F25 F28
复壮30
Fuzhuang 30		 Pm5e 4 4 — 0; — — — — — — —
Coker747 Pm6 4 4 — 4 — — — — — — —
Kavkaz Pm8 4 4 — 4 — — — — — — —
Yangmai 5/Sub.6v Pm21 0; 0; — 0; — — — — — — —
游白兰
Youbailan		 Pm5e 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
金丰3号
Jinfeng 3		 Pm21 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
圣麦104
Shengmai 104		 Pm21 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
JT176 Pm6+Pm8+Pm21 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

图4

白粉病抗性的全基因组关联分析和单倍型分析 A: 山西小麦苗期抗性的全基因组关联分析; B: 山西小麦成株期抗性的全基因组关联分析; C-H: 不同位点单倍型与白粉病抗性表型的关系。*和***分别表示在0.05和0.001水平差异显著; ns表示没有显著差异。"

表3

与小麦白粉病抗性显著相关的位点"

生育期
Growth stage		 标记
Marker		 染色体
Chr.		 物理位置
Physical position (Mb)		 -log10 P 表型贡献率
R2 (%)		 参考文献
Reference
苗期
Seedling stage		 QPms-2A 2A 704.1-737.2 3.03-3.39 3.72-4.52 Pm50 [57]
QPms-4B 4B 610.7 4.82 5.88
QPms-4B.1 4B 414.2-414.9 3.06-3.17 4.29-4.30
QPms-6A 6A 84.7-104.1 3.22-5.15 6.13-8.63 Pm21 [14]
QPms-6A.1 6A 559.7-562.3 3.72-5.58 5.87-8.92
QPms-7B 7B 488.4-549.9 3.09-3.15 4.86-4.94
QPms-7D 7D 21.6 4.20 6.65
成株期
Mature stage		 QPmm-1A 1A 533.3-533.4 3.14-4.56 5.01-6.63 QPm.nwafu-1AL [52]
QPmm-2D 2D 185 4.29 6.91
QPmm-4B 4B 86.9 5.03 8.16
QPmm-4B.1 4B 656.9 4.69 8.61 QPm.nwafu-4BL [52]
QPmm-4D 4D 122.1 3.65 6.78 Qpm.sxn-4D [60]
QPmm-4D.1 4D 248.2 4.89 8.95
QPmm-4D.2 4D 332 5.58 9.10
QPmm-7B 7B 287.7 3.10 3.89
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