低O2高CO2贮藏环境延缓马铃薯块茎衰老的作用机制

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2026.54065

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探讨低O₂高CO₂贮藏环境延缓马铃薯块茎的衰老机制, 本研究以马铃薯陇薯17号为研究对象, 通过测定营养品质、外观指标及生理指标, 并结合贮藏中期(60 d)和末期(150 d)的转录组学分析, 从表型水平和转录水平研究了马铃薯对低O₂高CO₂贮藏环境的响应, 揭示了马铃薯贮藏的分子调控机制。低O₂高CO₂贮藏环境延缓了马铃薯在低温贮藏期间淀粉含量的下降及还原糖含量的上升, 抑制了薯块发芽和失水, 保持了良好的薯皮色泽, 抑制了PAL活性、POD活性的上升, 并且对3种内源激素有积极的调控作用。与对照相比, 贮藏中期共发现741个差异基因, 其中上调基因378个, 下调基因363个。贮藏至末期时, 差异基因总数上升为1658个, 其中上调基因为1211个, 下调基因为447个。通过生物信息学分析发现, 低O₂高CO₂贮藏环境显著调控与苯丙烷生物合成代谢、淀粉和蔗糖代谢、植物激素信号转导及MPAK信号转导相关的代谢途径。综上所述, 本研究为马铃薯的气调贮藏提供了理论基础, 为进一步研究分子机制提供了理论依据。

关键词: 马铃薯, 低O₂高CO₂, 延缓衰老, 转录组学, 代谢途径

Abstract:

This study aimed to investigate the mechanism by which a low-oxygen and high-carbon dioxide storage environment delays the aging of potato tubers. Using the Longshu 17 cultivar as the research subject, we evaluated nutritional quality, appearance, and physiological parameters, along with transcriptomic profiling at mid-storage (60 days) and late-storage (150 days) stages. Phenotypic and transcriptomic responses of tubers to the low O₂high CO₂environment were analyzed to elucidate the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying tuber preservation. The results showed that this storage condition significantly delayed starch degradation and reduced the accumulation of reducing sugars during cold storage. It also inhibited sprouting and water loss, preserved optimal skin color, suppressed the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and peroxidase, and positively regulated three endogenous hormones. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that compared to the control (CK), the low O₂ and high CO₂ treatment (CA) led to 741 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at mid-storage, including 378 upregulated and 363 downregulated genes. At the end of storage, 1658 DEGs were identified, with 1211 upregulated and 447 downregulated. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that the low O₂ and high CO₂ environment significantly modulated pathways related to phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, plant hormone signal transduction, and MAPK signaling. In conclusion, this study provides a theoretical basis for controlled atmosphere storage of potatoes and offers new insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in tuber aging and preservation.

Key words: potato, low O₂ and high CO₂, delay aging, transcriptomics, metabolic pathways

田甲春, 葛霞, 李守强, 李梅, 田世龙, 张亚倩, 程建新, 李玉梅. 低O₂高CO₂贮藏环境延缓马铃薯块茎衰老的作用机制[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(1): 262-278.

Tian Jia-Chun, Ge Xia, Li Shou-Qiang, Li Mei, Tian Shi-Long, Zhang Ya-Qian, Cheng Jian-Xin, Li Yu-Mei. Mechanism of low O₂and high CO₂ storage environment delaying aging of potato tuber[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2026, 52(1): 262-278.

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链接本文: https://zwxb.chinacrops.org/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1006.2026.54065

https://zwxb.chinacrops.org/CN/Y2026/V52/I1/262

图/表 10

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表1

低O2高CO2环境贮藏60 d时马铃薯DEGs分析"

代谢路径 Pathway	功能注释 Function annotation	基因号 Gene ID	FPKM值 FPKM value		log₂FC	变化趋势 Variation trend
代谢路径 Pathway	功能注释 Function annotation	基因号 Gene ID	CA-60	CK-60	log₂FC	变化趋势 Variation trend
苯丙烷类生物合成Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis	PAL	Soltu.DM.03G011440	3.75	9.99	1.48	上调 Up
		Soltu.DM.03G011450	2.90	10.35	1.91	上调 Up
		Soltu.DM.03G011460	3.09	12.63	2.09	上调 Up
		Soltu.DM.03G011480	4.06	11.62	1.60	上调 Up
		Soltu.DM.03G011490	3.84	10.88	1.58	上调 Up
		Soltu.DM.08G017960	0.15	0.76	2.36	上调 Up
	CCoAOMT	Soltu.DM.02G028540	0.58	2.09	1.93	上调 Up
	CAD	Soltu.DM.03G011790	0.15	0.76	1.52	上调 Up
	CAD	Soltu.DM.02G013110	2.42	0.23	-3.24	下调 Down
	POD	Soltu.DM.01G001840	5.20	30.76	2.61	上调 Up
		Soltu.DM.10G023940	0.40	1.91	2.27	上调 Up
		Soltu.DM.02G023430	1.32	0.19	-2.55	下调 Down
		Soltu.DM.03G002490	7.77	2.06	-1.79	下调 Down
	CCR	Soltu.DM.03G030980	11.46	5.19	-1.03	下调 Down
	COMT	Soltu.DM.10G000070	10.41	3.71	-1.37	下调 Down
淀粉和蔗糖代谢Starch and sucrose metabolism	TPS	Soltu.DM.02G015310	2.16	6.07	1.56	上调 Up
	TPS	Soltu.DM.04G029210	3.17	11.93	2.03	上调 Up
	AMY	Soltu.DM.05G006330	35.33	111.89	1.72	上调 Up
	EG	Soltu.DM.08G028990	4.17	1.27	-1.61	下调 Down
	EG	Soltu.DM.09G002770	0.53	0.10	-2.72	下调 Down
植物激素信号转导 Plant hormone signal transduction	DELLA	Soltu.DM.10G020680	0.74	3.91	2.45	上调 Up
	SNRK2	Soltu.DM.05G027280	5.02	11.78	1.32	上调 Up
	ETR, ERS	Soltu.DM.06G014700	4.86	13.39	1.55	上调 Up
	ERF2	Soltu.DM.08G024160	0.50	1.79	1.94	上调 Up
	ERF2	Soltu.DM.09G021200	0.44	2.13	2.35	上调 Up
	JAZ	Soltu.DM.12G026270	6.76	28.28	1.81	上调 Up
	AUX1	Soltu.DM.01G050890	1.83	0.26	-2.60	下调 Down
		Soltu.DM.09G000480	12.09	4.50	-1.30	下调 Down
	IAA	Soltu.DM.03G035810	21.38	5.44	-1.85	下调 Down
	GH3	Soltu.DM.01G046780	6.34	0.85	-2.68	下调 Down
	NPR1	Soltu.DM.10G027950	0.76	0.19	-1.83	下调 Down
MAPK信号通路- 植物 MAPK signaling pathway-plant	WRKY33	Soltu.DM.06G018840	21.90	56.93	1.48	上调 Up
	WRKY33	Soltu.DM.09G009490	0.76	4.06	2.50	上调 Up
	MPK3	Soltu.DM.06G005160	15.54	42.85	1.55	上调 Up
	ACS1_2_6	Soltu.DM.08G004500	3.30	8.63	1.48	上调 Up
	ETR, ERS	Soltu.DM.06G014700	4.86	13.39	1.55	上调 Up
	ERF1	Soltu.DM.09G021200	0.44	2.13	2.35	上调 Up
	SNRK2	Soltu.DM.05G027280	4.55	11.69	1.32	上调 Up
苯丙氨酸代谢Phenylalanine metabolism	AADC	Soltu.DM.08G017960	0.15	0.76	2.36	上调 Up
	PAL	Soltu.DM.03G011440	3.75	9.99	1.48	上调 Up
		Soltu.DM.03G011450	2.90	10.35	1.91	上调 Up
		Soltu.DM.03G011460	3.09	12.63	2.09	上调 Up
		Soltu.DM.03G011480	4.06	11.62	1.60	上调 Up
		Soltu.DM.03G011490	3.84	10.88	1.58	上调 Up

表1

表2

低O2高CO2环境贮藏150 d时马铃薯DEGs分析"

代谢路径 Pathway	功能注释 Function annotation	基因号 Gene ID	FPKM值 FPKM value		log₂FC	变化趋势 Variation trend
代谢路径 Pathway	功能注释 Function annotation	基因号 Gene ID	CA-150	CK-150	log₂FC	变化趋势 Variation trend
苯丙烷类生物合成Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis	PAL	Soltu.DM.03G004870	3.18	8.87	1.54	上调 Up
		Soltu.DM.03G004900	5.54	13.01	1.33	上调 Up
		Soltu.DM.03G004920	4.76	11.90	1.38	上调 Up
		Soltu.DM.03G011440	2.79	20.24	2.92	上调 Up
		Soltu.DM.03G011450	4.64	31.62	2.83	上调 Up
		Soltu.DM.03G011460	3.17	24.10	2.98	上调 Up
		Soltu.DM.03G011480	12.29	36.42	2.76	上调 Up
		Soltu.DM.03G011490	4.37	31.50	2.91	上调 Up
		Soltu.DM.09G005690	2.59	6.70	1.49	上调 Up
		Soltu.DM.09G005700	1.72	15.01	3.12	上调 Up
		Soltu.DM.09G005710	1.38	8.51	2.69	上调 Up
	CYP73A	Soltu.DM.05G019180	1.44	4.95	1.83	上调 Up
	CYP73A	Soltu.DM.06G032860	13.61	28.41	1.13	上调 Up
	COMT	Soltu.DM.03G021440	8.08	15.58	1.27	上调 Up
	CCoAOMT	Soltu.DM.02G028520	1.16	4.88	2.14	上调 Up
		Soltu.DM.02G028540	0.61	3.42	2.54	上调 Up
		Soltu.DM.02G028550	22.19	73.83	1.79	上调 Up
	HCT	Soltu.DM.11G024290	7.15	0.19	-5.09	下调 Down
	POD	Soltu.DM.02G034250	1.15	2.58	1.22	上调 Up
		Soltu.DM.04G027650	8.29	37.62	2.25	上调 Up
		Soltu.DM.06G010770	1.62	12.38	2.99	下调 Down
		Soltu.DM.01G001840	13.01	2.29	-2.43	下调 Down
苯丙烷类生物合成Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis	POD	Soltu.DM.01G047840	7.58	0.05	-7.12	下调 Down
		Soltu.DM.02G027850	5.29	1.50	-1.74	下调 Down
		Soltu.DM.02G029260	16.05	0.30	-5.62	下调 Down
淀粉和蔗糖代谢 Starch and sucrose metabolism	INV, sacA	Soltu.DM.03G015280	2.13	26.90	3.76	上调 Up
	INV, sacA	Soltu.DM.10G025040	0.03	4.21	7.17	上调 Up
	SUS	MLD_newGene_1096	1.25	4.23	1.78	上调 Up
		Soltu.DM.03G019120	0.85	2.26	1.46	上调 Up
		Soltu.DM.07G013370	102.54	213.59	1.26	上调 Up
	TPS	Soltu.DM.07G001730	5.18	12.87	1.39	上调 Up
		Soltu.DM.04G021620	3.68	8.25	1.22	上调 Up
		Soltu.DM.05G021910	6.37	24.92	2.02	上调 Up
	G-1-P-ADP	Soltu.DM.01G049590	695.24	306.04	1.13	下调 Down
	PGM	Soltu.DM.07G015450	1.68	0.44	1.82	下调 Down
植物激素信号转导Plant hormone signal transduction	IAA	Soltu.DM.06G034480	2.65	11.84	2.22	上调 Up
		Soltu.DM.09G025700	4.81	21.10	2.20	上调 Up
		Soltu.DM.12G003310	4.22	8.25	1.03	上调 Up
	GH3	Soltu.DM.01G046780	1.74	6.48	1.92	上调 Up
	DELLA	Soltu.DM.12G001740	0.20	1.02	2.32	上调 Up
	PYL	Soltu.DM.03G013340	0.74	2.42	1.74	上调 Up
	PYL	Soltu.DM.05G022460	0.96	2.44	1.38	上调 Up
	PP2C	Soltu.DM.03G022710	32.54	77.80	1.52	上调 Up
	PP2C	Soltu.DM.06G013730	0.90	5.49	2.63	上调 Up
	BKI1	Soltu.DM.12G005660	3.52	7.71	1.19	上调 Up
	JAZ	Soltu.DM.03G036980	6.84	25.56	2.10	上调 Up
		Soltu.DM.07G012950	12.70	42.57	1.36	上调 Up
		Soltu.DM.12G026270	2.68	20.90	3.03	上调 Up
	TGA	Soltu.DM.05G002740	1.78	2.84	1.00	上调 Up
	TGA	Soltu.DM.10G026610	1.27	3.08	1.37	上调 Up
	ARR-A	Soltu.DM.06G011620	6.16	13.62	1.20	上调 Up
	ARR-B	Soltu.DM.07G007330	16.75	2.92	1.68	下调 Down
	CYCD3	Soltu.DM.04G033220	1.47	0.32	-2.11	下调 Down
	NPR1	Soltu.DM.04G012100	3.50	1.05	-1.65	下调 Down
	NPR1	Soltu.DM.10G027630	10.51	3.65	1.46	下调 Down
MAPK信号通路-植物 MAPK signaling pathway-plant	FLS2	Soltu.DM.02G015580	0.05	0.40	2.76	上调 Up
	FLS2	Soltu.DM.03G001460	0.39	1.18	1.64	上调 Up
	WRKY33	Soltu.DM.06G018840	39.15	79.35	1.01	上调 Up
	WRKY33	Soltu.DM.09G009490	4.10	22.06	2.48	上调 Up
MAPK信号通路-植物 MAPK signaling pathway-plant	ACS1_2_6	Soltu.DM.08G004500	2.92	19.63	2.80	上调 Up
	ERF1	Soltu.DM.04G008930	1.97	7.03	1.90	上调 Up
	PYL	Soltu.DM.03G013340	0.74	2.42	1.74	上调 Up
	PYL	Soltu.DM.05G022460	0.96	2.44	1.38	上调 Up
	PP2C	Soltu.DM.03G022710	32.52	77.80	1.52	上调 Up
	PP2C	Soltu.DM.06G013730	0.90	5.46	2.63	上调 Up
	CALM	Soltu.DM.01G019360	4.25	12.32	1.59	上调 Up
苯丙氨酸代谢Phenylalanine metabolism	AADC	Soltu.DM.08G017880	0.14	1.06	2.92	上调 Up
	AADC	Soltu.DM.08G017910	0.30	1.32	2.17	上调 Up
	AMIE	Soltu.DM.01G050800	0.42	1.21	1.57	上调 Up
	PAL	Soltu.DM.03G004870	3.18	8.87	1.54	上调 Up
		Soltu.DM.03G004900	5.61	13.01	1.33	上调 Up
		Soltu.DM.03G004920	4.76	11.90	1.38	上调 Up
		Soltu.DM.03G011440	2.80	20.24	2.92	上调 Up
		Soltu.DM.03G011450	4.64	31.62	2.83	上调 Up
		Soltu.DM.03G011460	3.17	24.10	2.98	上调 Up
		Soltu.DM.03G011480	5.44	35.237	2.76	上调 Up
		Soltu.DM.03G011490	4.38	31.50	2.91	上调 Up
		Soltu.DM.09G005690	2.59	6.97	1.49	上调 Up
		Soltu.DM.09G005700	1.72	15.01	3.19	上调 Up
		Soltu.DM.09G005710	1.38	8.51	2.69	上调 Up
	GOT2	Soltu.DM.10G018890	4.46	1.60	-1.41	下调 Down

表2

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低O₂高CO₂贮藏环境延缓马铃薯块茎衰老的作用机制

Mechanism of low O₂and high CO₂ storage environment delaying aging of potato tuber

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