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作物学报

作物学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (5): 1430-1441.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2026.54123

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇    下一篇

木薯分枝发育过程的动态转录组分析与关键基因发掘

蔡兆琴1(), 何观咏1, 何文1, 阮丽霞1, 梁振华1, 李永珍2, 李恒锐1,*(), 陈会鲜1,*()   

  1. 1 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所, 广西龙州 532415
    2 广西壮族自治区农业科学院, 广西南宁 530007
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-11 接受日期:2026-01-22 出版日期:2026-05-12 网络出版日期:2026-02-05
  • 通讯作者: *李恒锐, E-mail: 442670063@qq.com; 陈会鲜, E-mail: 798555436@qq.com
  • 作者简介:E-mail: 1411261834@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD1600600);广西青年科学基金项目(2024GXNSFBA010382);广西青年科学基金项目(2024GXNSFAA010006);广西农业科学院稳定资助科研团队项目桂农科(2021YT157);广西南亚热带农业科学研究所自筹项目(NYS2025ZC03)

Dynamic transcriptome analysis and key gene discovery during cassava branching development

Cai Zhao-Qin1(), He Guan-Yong1, He Wen1, Ruan Li-Xia1, Liang Zhen-Hua1, Li Yong-Zhen2, Li Heng-Rui1,*(), Chen Hui-Xian1,*()   

  1. 1 Guangxi South Subtropical Agricultural Science Research Institute, Longzhou 532415, Guangxi, China
    2 Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, Guangxi, China
  • Received:2025-10-11 Accepted:2026-01-22 Published:2026-05-12 Published online:2026-02-05
  • Contact: *Li Heng-Rui, E-mail: 442670063@qq.com; Chen Hui-Xian, E-mail: 798555436@qq.com
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD1600600);Guangxi Youth Science Foundation Project(2024GXNSFBA010382);Guangxi Youth Science Foundation Project(2024GXNSFAA010006);Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences Stable Funding Research Team Project Guinongke(2021YT157);Self-funded Project of Guangxi South Subtropical Agricultural Science Research Institute(NYS2025ZC03)

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摘要：

分枝是决定木薯株型与产量的关键性状之一, 但其分子调控机制尚不明确。本研究以多分枝木薯品种SC5为材料, 通过测定分枝发育不同阶段的植物激素含量, 并结合转录组测序, 系统解析了木薯分枝的调控网络。结果显示, 木薯分枝过程中生长素与细胞分裂素含量持续下降, 而赤霉素含量呈先升后降趋势, 并在腋芽激活期达到峰值。与之相应, 生长素生物合成与信号转导基因表达持续下调, 而赤霉素相关基因显著上调。进一步鉴定获得7个关键转录因子, 包括MeTCP (2个)、MeMADS (2个)、MeAP2 (1个)、MeHD-ZIP (1个)和MeERF (1个), 其表达模式与分枝发育进程密切关联。综上所述, 木薯分枝发育受植物激素动态平衡与多层次转录调控网络的协同调控。

关键词: 木薯, 分枝, 转录组, 植物激素, 转录因子

Abstract:

Branching is a key trait that determines plant architecture and yield in cassava. However, its molecular regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we used the multi-branching cassava cultivar SC5 as material. We systematically analyzed the regulatory network of cassava branching by measuring phytohormone levels at different developmental stages and integrating transcriptome sequencing analysis. The results showed that during cassava branching, the contents of auxin and cytokinin continuously decreased. Gibberellin content initially increased and reached a peak value at the stage of axillary bud activation, and then decreased. Correspondingly, the expression of genes involved in auxin biosynthesis and signaling transduction were consistently down-regulated. Meanwhile, the gibberellin-related genes were significantly up-regulated. Furthermore, seven key transcription factors were identified, including MeTCP (2), MeMADS (2), MeAP2 (1), MeHD-ZIP (1), and MeERF (1). Their expression patterns were closely associated with branching development. In conclusion, branching development in cassava was coordinately regulated by the dynamic balance of phytohormones and a multi?layered transcriptional regulatory network.

Key words: cassava, branching, transcriptome, plant hormone, transcription factor

图1

木薯分枝发育关键时期表型特征(A)与激活期石蜡切片(B) T1: 腋芽休眠期; T2: 腋芽激活期; T3: 分枝伸长期。标尺: 2 mm。"

表1

引物序列"

基因编号 Gene ID 正向引物 Forward primer (5'-3') 反向引物 Reverse primer (5'-3')
LOC110607164 TGAGAACAAGGAGCTGAGATTCG AAGGCATCTGGTAGTTGAAGTCC
LOC110631277 TCCAGATTCATAATGCCTCTCCTTG TTGCTTCCACGACGATTCCTTAA
LOC110603417 GTTCTGGCGGATCAAGACCTT GGCACAACCTCCTCAGCATT
LOC110611851 GCTTCGCTTGCTGTTGATTCTATT AACACAGGCAATGACACATCCA
LOC110622560 TTGATAATTGTGGTGGTGCTTGG GGATTGAATGACAGATGATTGAACC
LOC110615729 GGATTGAATGACAGATGATTGAACC ACAGAATGATGGTCGAGGCAAT

图2

木薯分枝不同发育阶段的植物激素含量变化 缩写同图1。IAA: 生长素; ZR: 玉米素核苷; GA3: 赤霉素。不同小写字母表示不同时期间在0.05水平差异显著。误差线表示标准差(n = 3)。"

表2

测序数据产出与比对统计"

样品
Sample		 原始读数
Raw reads (Mb)		 干净读数
Clean reads (Mb)		 Q30 (%) GC (%) 唯一比对
Uniquely mapped
T1-1 41.58 41.14 96.82 43.58 38989957 (94.77%)
T1-2 42.49 42.14 96.77 43.07 39884960 (94.64%)
T1-3 45.62 45.25 96.67 43.53 42781377 (94.55%)
T2-1 43.04 42.65 96.86 43.72 38896621 (91.21%)
T2-2 41.44 41.05 97.18 43.57 37452587 (91.24%)
T2-3 44.44 44.01 97.10 43.49 40269915 (91.50%)
T3-1 39.28 38.85 96.50 43.08 36514416 (93.99%)
T3-2 42.43 42.01 96.85 43.19 39615017 (94.29%)
T3-3 39.03 38.72 97.03 43.22 36543531 (94.38%)

图3

木薯分枝不同发育阶段的转录组主成分分析 缩写同图1。"

图4

木薯分枝不同发育时期差异表达基因分析 A: 3个比较组中差异表达基因(DEGs)的韦恩图, 展示各组特有及共有的DEGs数量。B-D分别为T2 vs T1、T3 vs T2、T3 vs T1的差异表达基因火山图。灰色点表示无显著差异的基因, 红色点表示显著上调的差异基因, 蓝色点表示显著下调的差异基因。缩写同图1。FC: 差异倍数。"

图5

木薯分枝发育过程中差异表达基因的KEGG富集分析 缩写同图1。纵坐标代表显著富集的KEGG通路名称, 横坐标代表富集分值。圆点大小代表该条目中富集的基因数量, 圆点颜色深浅表示富集显著性。"

图6

植物激素合成、代谢及信号转导相关差异表达基因的表达热图 A: 生长素相关基因表达热图; B: 细胞分裂素合成、代谢及信号转导相关基因的表达热图; C: 赤霉素(GA3)相关基因的表达热图。缩写同图1。"

图7

差异表达转录因子时序表达模式聚类分析 缩写同图1。"

图8

不同表达模式下核心转录因子共表达网络 A表示“先上后下”模块; B表示“持续下调”模块; C表示“持续上调”模块。圆圈表示差异转录因子编码基因, 圆圈的大小表示连接度, 圆圈越大连接度越大。"

图9

候选差异表达基因的RT-qPCR验证 缩写同图1。"

图10

RT-qPCR与RNA-seq表达量的相关性分析"

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