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作物学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (6): 1876-1890.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2026.54127

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

外源硒叶面喷施对浅紫色马铃薯块茎花青素合成的影响

陈国欢(), 张锐, 李艳迪, 赵佳琪, 任湧涛, 张天赐, 郭华春, 李俊*(), 杨芳*()   

  1. 云南农业大学农学与生物技术学院 / 薯类研究所, 云南昆明 650201
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-13 接受日期:2026-02-27 出版日期:2026-06-12 网络出版日期:2026-03-05
  • 通讯作者: * 李俊, E-mail: nxy8mm@163.com; 杨芳, E-mail: ndyangfang@126.com
  • 作者简介:陈国欢, E-mail: 2460806713@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-09-P15)

Effects of foliar application of exogenous selenium on anthocyanin biosynthesis in tubers of light purple-fleshed potatoes

Chen Guo-Huan(), Zhang Rui, Li Yan-Di, Zhao Jia-Qi, Ren Yong-Tao, Zhang Tian-Ci, Guo Hua-Chun, Li Jun*(), Yang Fang*()   

  1. College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University / Potato Crops Research Institute, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
  • Received:2025-10-13 Accepted:2026-02-27 Published:2026-06-12 Published online:2026-03-05
  • Contact: * Li Jun, E-mail: nxy8mm@163.com;Yang Fang, E-mail: ndyangfang@126.com
  • Supported by:
    China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-09-P15)

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摘要：

为了探究叶面喷硒对浅紫色马铃薯绿原酸、总酚、类黄酮和花青素含量及花青素合成途径相关基因的影响, 明确适合马铃薯块茎花青素合成的外部硒浓度和喷施次数, 本研究以紫皮浅紫肉的“滇彩薯104”为材料, 利用亚硒酸钠进行叶面喷硒, 设置硒浓度水平为0 (喷蒸馏水, CK)、5 (Se1)和10 mg L-1 (Se2), 2个喷施次数(2次和3次), 其中, 2次喷施分别于马铃薯块茎形成期和块茎膨大期喷施, 3次喷施分别在马铃薯块茎形成期、块茎膨大期和块茎成熟期喷施, 共5个处理, 对其绿原酸、总酚、类黄酮和花青素含量及花青素合成途径相关基因的表达进行分析。结果表明, 喷施2次Se1对于马铃薯花青素合成促进效果更好, 2次叶面喷施Se1使马铃薯薯皮中StF3'5'H、StCHS、StDFR、StANS和StMYB113等基因的表达水平显著上调9.11~10.11倍, 使马铃薯薯肉中StCHS、StDFR等基因的表达水平显著上调2.99~3.72倍; 3次叶面喷施Se2对于促进马铃薯块茎中绿原酸和总酚含量效果更好, 使其含量较CK显著上升30.12%和40.80%。同时, 硒处理能够显著增强花青素合成途径中多个结构基因与转录因子之间的表达相关性, 促进其协同调控网络的形成, 从而共同推动花青素的积累。

关键词: 彩色马铃薯, 花青素, 硒, 结构基因, 转录因子

Abstract:

This study investigated how foliar selenium (Se) application affects chlorogenic acid, total phenols, flavonoids, and anthocyanins in light purple-fleshed potatoes, as well as the expression of genes involved in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway, with the aim of identifying the optimal external Se concentration and spray frequency to promote anthocyanin accumulation in tubers. The purple-skinned, light purple-fleshed cultivar ‘Diancaishu 104’ was used as the experimental material. Sodium selenite was applied by foliar spraying at three Se concentrations: 0 (distilled water, CK), 5 (Se1), and 10 mg L-1 (Se2), with two application frequencies (2 or 3 sprays). For the two-spray treatment, applications were performed at the tuber formation and tuber bulking stages; for the three-spray treatment, applications were performed at the tuber formation, tuber bulking, and tuber maturation stages, giving a total of five treatments. Chlorogenic acid, total phenols, flavonoids, and anthocyanins were quantified, and the expression of anthocyanin pathway-related genes was analyzed. The results showed that two sprays of Se1 more effectively promoted anthocyanin synthesis in potatoes. Specifically, two foliar sprays of Se1 significantly upregulated StF3'5'H, StCHS, StDFR, StANS, and StMYB113 expression in the skin by 9.11-10.11-fold, and increased StCHS and StDFR expression in the flesh by 2.99-3.72-fold. In contrast, three sprays of Se2 were more effective at increasing chlorogenic acid and total phenols in tubers, raising their contents by 30.12% and 40.80%, respectively, compared with CK. Moreover, Se treatment strengthened the expression correlations among multiple structural genes and transcription factors in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway, facilitating the formation of a synergistic regulatory network and thereby promoting anthocyanin accumulation.

Key words: colored potatoes, anthocyanins, selenium, structural gene, transcription factor

表1

喷施处理"

处理编号
Treatment code		 硒浓度
Selenium concentration (mg L-1)		 喷施次数
Frequency of spraying selenium		 喷施时期
Growth stage at application
CK 0 2 块茎形成期, 块茎膨大期Tuber initiation, tuber bulking
Se1 5 2 块茎形成期, 块茎膨大期Tuber initiation, tuber bulking
3 块茎形成期, 块茎膨大期, 块茎成熟期
Tuber initiation, tuber bulking, tuber maturation
Se2 10 2 块茎形成期, 块茎膨大期Tuber initiation, tuber bulking
3 块茎形成期, 块茎膨大期, 块茎成熟期
Tuber initiation, tuber bulking, tuber maturation

表2

荧光定量PCR引物列表"

基因名称
Gene name		 登录号
Accession number		 引物序列
Primer sequences (5′-3′)
StPAL Soltu.DM.03G004870.1 F: TTGGTGCAACATCTCATAGAAG
R: CAATGTGTGAGATGATTCTGTTCC
St4CL Soltu.DM.03G020790.1 F: GCATTTGTAGTCCGTTCGGCCC
R: GATGGAGACTTCGGAATCGCGTG
StCHS Soltu.DM.05G023610.1 F: GGTCAGCCCAAGTCCAAGATC
R: AGTCCCACCAGCAAAGCAACC
StCHI Soltu.DM.07G023150.1 F: TAGTAGATTAGATGCCTGGCGAG
R: CCATCAATATCTCTGACCAGCAC
StF3H Soltu.DM.02G023850.1 F: GAGGCAATGGGCTTAGAGAAAGAGG
R: CGTTTCAGCCCAAGGGTAAGGTC
StF3'H Soltu.DM.03G029340.1 F: ACCACGGTGGCGTATGCTAAGG
R: CAAGGCGCGCGTAAGTGTTCTG
StF3'5'H Soltu.DM.11G020990.1 F: TCCAATCGTCCACCTAATGCAGG
R: GCAACTTCCAACGAGGTCCATAGG
StDFR Soltu.DM.02G024900.2 F: AACGGTTTGCGTCACAGGAG
R: TCCACAGCGTTAAGTTTGTATCAGC
StANS Soltu.DM.08G026700.1 F: CAGCTTGAGTGGGAGGATTACTTC
R: GTTGCTAGGTTCCTGATCTGCTTG
StMT Soltu.DM.05G005580.1 F: GCCTGCTGTTATTGGTGTACTAGG
R: AGAACTCGGTCAACTTCCATCATG
StGST Soltu.DM.02G020850.1 F: ATGGGACACAACAGTGATTTGATCG
R: GTGCAAAGCCACCTTCATTCATC
StAN1 Soltu.DM.10G020850.1 F: GCCATAATAAGACCTCAACCTCAG
R: TTCATCCCAACCACCATCACC
StMYB113 Soltu.DM.10G020780.1 F: CTAGGCAACAGATGGTCACTTAT
R: GAGGTCGTGGTCGTAGTATAGTG
StMYBA1 Soltu.DM.10G020840.1 F: TAGGTGGTCACTTATTGCTGGTAG
R: TTATTAACCGTGATGCTCTTATGC
StJAF13 Soltu.DM.08G027870.2 F: GGGTGTTGAAATGGATTGATGGG
R: CTTCTGGAGATAATGAGGCCGAC
StWD40 Soltu.DM.03G020340.1 F: TCATCCTAATCCTTCTGCTTCTC
R: CTCGGCTCCACTTCATTCC
StWRKY13 Soltu.DM.10G023760.4 F: CACAAATGCTCGTTCTGAAATGG
R: CACCAGCCTTAGTCTCAGC
StEF1α Soltu.DM.06G005620.1 F: ATTGGAAACGGATATGCTCCA
R: TCCTTACCTGAACGCCTGTCA

表3

外源硒喷施对马铃薯块茎绿原酸、总酚、类黄酮含量的影响"

喷施次数
Frequency of
spraying selenium		 硒浓度
Selenium concentration (mg L-1)		 薯皮绿原酸含量
Chlorogenic acid content in peels
(ng L-1)		 薯肉绿原酸含量
Chlorogenic acid content in flesh
(ng L-1)		 总酚含量
Total phenols
content
(mg g-1)		 类黄酮含量
Flavonoid
content
(mg g-1)
0 0 (CK) 272.33±2.94 a 211.23±1.67 c 4.51±0.14 b 11.46±0.43 b
2 5 (Se1) 274.15±4.30 a 211.33±0.83 c 2.70±0.23 c 16.49±1.46 a
10 (Se2) 272.42±2.77 a 269.37±1.39 b 2.94±0.34 c 16.38±1.14 a
3 5 (Se1) 242.59±0.68 b 269.69±1.29 b 2.62±0.20 c 15.98±0.74 a
10 (Se2) 236.51±2.23 b 274.86±1.08 a 6.35±0.56 a 16.98±1.19 a

图1

外源硒对马铃薯块茎花色苷的影响 不同小写字母代表处理间在0.05水平存在显著差异。图A、图B为薯皮花色苷组分, 图C、图D为薯肉花色苷组分。CK为喷施蒸馏水; Se1为喷施5 mg L-1浓度的亚硒酸钠溶液; Se2为喷施10 mg L-1浓度的亚硒酸钠溶液。横坐标上的2和3分别代表叶面喷施2次和3次亚硒酸钠溶液。"

图2

喷施外源硒对薯皮花青素合成途径相关基因的调控 处理同图1。不同小写字母代表处理间在0.05水平存在显著差异。"

图3

喷施外源硒对薯肉花青素合成途径相关基因的调控 处理同图1。不同小写字母代表处理间在0.05水平存在显著差异。"

图4

喷施外源硒对薯皮花青素合成途径转录因子编码基因的调控 处理同图1。不同小写字母代表处理间在0.05水平存在显著差异。"

图5

喷施外源硒对薯肉花青素合成途径转录因子编码基因的调控 处理同图1。不同小写字母代表处理间在0.05水平存在显著差异。"

图6

马铃薯块茎花青素含量与基因表达水平相关性 图A是硒处理后薯皮各指标相关性分析, 图B是硒处理后薯肉各指标相关性分析。*、**和***分别表示在0.05、0.01和0.001水平显著相关。"

图7

花青素合成通路图和花青素合成通路结构基因和转录因子编码基因表达热图 图A和图B是薯皮花青素合成通路图和花青素合成通路结构基因和转录因子编码基因表达热图; 图C和图D是薯肉花青素合成通路图和花青素合成通路结构基因和转录因子表达热图。处理同图1。PAL: 苯丙氨酸解氨酶; 4CL: 4-香豆酸辅酶A连接酶; CHS: 查尔酮合酶; CHI: 查尔酮异构酶; F3H: 黄烷酮-3-羟化酶; F3'H: 类黄酮-3′-羟化酶; F3'5'H: 类黄酮-3′5′-羟化酶; DFR: 二氢黄酮醇还原酶; ANS: 花青素合成酶; 3GT: 类黄酮-3-O-葡萄糖基转移酶; MT: 丙二酰基转移酶; GST: 谷胱甘肽S-转移酶。"

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