作物学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (6): 1757-1773.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2026.54136
马小倩1,**(
), 秦娜2,**(
), 代书桃2, 秦家范3, 李小艳3, 王淑婷3, 刘忠玲3, 李君霞2,*(
)
Ma Xiao-Qian1,**(
), Qin Na2,**(
), Dai Shu-Tao2, Qin Jia-Fan3, Li Xiao-Yan3, Wang Shu-Ting3, Liu Zhong-Ling3, Li Jun-Xia2,*(
)
摘要:
作物新品种选育的突破高度依赖种质资源的表型差异水平, 但当前谷子种质研究多存在样本代表性有限、单一环境评价表型、侧重数量性状指标等问题, 难以支撑高效的育种材料筛选。为解决上述问题, 本研究选取175份不同来源的谷子种质, 于2023年在河南洛阳、郑州两地系统调查21个表型性状, 结合相关性分析、主成分分析、逐步回归及聚类分析等方法开展综合评价, 旨在明确谷子种质表型变异规律、建立核心评价指标、筛选适配河南生态区的优异种质, 为夏谷育种提供精准材料支撑与理论依据。结果表明, 175份种质具有较高表型差异, 9个质量性状的表型差异指数为0.086~1.218, 12个数量性状的表型差异指数为5.098~5.160; 不同地区间4个数量性状变异系数差异显著, 其中, 株高变异幅度最小、码粒数次之, 千粒重变异幅度最大、穗粗次之。主成分分析显示, 累计贡献率达90%时共提取到14个主成分, 可解释绝大部分的表型变异; 隶属函数法计算的表型综合值(F值)平均为0.538, 其中豫谷2号的F值最高(1.078)、综合表现最优, 龙谷25的F值最低(0.079)。通过逐步回归建立以单穗粒数、单穗码数等11个表型性状为自变量的回归方程(R2 = 0.971, P < 0.05), 可作为优异谷子种质鉴定的核心评价指标; 基于F值的聚类分析将175份种质划分为6个类群, 类群II的2份材料农艺性状优良、平均F值最高, 可作为种质创新与杂交育种的优选亲本。综上, 供试谷子种质遗传变异丰富, 可为夏谷种质改良与品种选育提供多样化材料支撑。
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