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作物学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (5): 1459-1471.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2026.55058

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

油菜叶片功能氮动态变化对光合速率及光合氮利用效率的影响

任依涵1,2(), 赵曼利1, 代晶1, 李银水1, 顾炽明1, 杨璐1, 杜雪竹2, 胡文诗1,*(), 秦璐1,*()   

  1. 1 中国农业科学院油料作物研究所 / 农业农村部油料作物生物学与遗传育种重点实验室, 湖北武汉 430062
    2 湖北大学生命科学学院 / 省部共建生物催化与酶工程国家重点实验室, 湖北武汉 430062
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-21 接受日期:2026-02-27 出版日期:2026-05-12 网络出版日期:2026-03-12
  • 通讯作者: *秦璐, E-mail: qinlu-123@126.com; 胡文诗, E-mail: huwenshi@caas.cn
  • 作者简介:E-mail: 18271105282@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(32202600);中国农业科学院创新工程项目(CAAS-ASTIP-2021-OCRI);中央级科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1610172022008)

Effects of dynamic changes in leaf functional nitrogen on photosynthetic rate and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency in Brassica napus

Ren Yi-Han1,2(), Zhao Man-Li1, Dai Jing1, Li Yin-Shui1, Gu Chi-Ming1, Yang Lu1, Du Xue-Zhu2, Hu Wen-Shi1,*(), Qin Lu1,*()   

  1. 1 Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, Hubei, China
    2 School of Life Sciences, Hubei University / Provincial-Ministry Co-sponsored State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Wuhan 430062, Hubei, China
  • Received:2025-08-21 Accepted:2026-02-27 Published:2026-05-12 Published online:2026-03-12
  • Contact: *Qin Lu, E-mail: qinlu-123@126.com; Hu Wen-Shi, E-mail: huwenshi@caas.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(32202600);Technology Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-2021-OCRI);Fundamental Research Funds for Central Non-profit Scientific Institution(1610172022008)

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摘要：

油菜是我国重要的油料作物, 其高产依赖大量氮肥投入, 但氮肥利用率偏低。油菜生物量主要来源于光合作用, 通过提高光合速率(Pn)和光合氮利用效率(PNUE)实现高产与氮高效的协同, 对减少氮肥施用量、增加油菜产量, 确保油菜产业可持续发展具有重要意义。本研究选用叶面积和光合速率差异明显的2个油菜种质, 通过不同氮水平的水培试验, 测定叶片生长过程中的氮含量、光合能力、功能氮含量及核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化酶/加氧酶(Rubisco)特性的动态变化, 旨在阐明氮素分配调控Pn和PNUE的生理机制。结果表明, 叶片氮含量随其生长而降低, 但Pn并不随之降低, 供氮水平增加促进了Pn提升。叶片氮主要为光合氮和储存氮, 占83.12%~97.61%。在叶面积扩张阶段, 光合氮含量没有显著变化, 而储存氮含量降低, 这使得叶片能够在全氮含量降低的情况下维持Pn不变, 从而提高了PNUE; 在叶片氮含量低于1.77 g m-2后, 光合氮和储存氮含量均线性降低, Pn和PNUE降低。在叶片衰老阶段, 光合氮含量降低幅度比储存氮高6.24%~19.07%, Pn和PNUE均显著降低。Rubisco含量与光合氮含量呈显著正相关, 光合氮含量与Rubisco含量在云油9号(Pn较高的油菜种质)中比福油3号(叶面积较大的油菜种质)分别高5.63%~40.37%和0.38%~38.02%。施氮提高油菜叶片光合氮和储存氮含量, 进而提高Pn。叶片生长过程中, Rubisco维持光合氮含量而储存氮含量降低, 使得光合速率和光合氮利用效率均较高。因此, 未来通过定向调控Rubisco含量以优化叶片内氮素分配, 可能是进一步提高油菜光合能力和氮素利用效率的有效策略。

关键词: 油菜, 光合氮, 储存氮, 核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化酶/加氧酶, 光合速率

Abstract:

Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is China’s leading oilseed crop, and high yield depends heavily on nitrogen (N) fertilizer inputs; however, nitrogen use efficiency remains relatively low. Rapeseed biomass is primarily derived from photosynthesis. Enhancing the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE) may provide a feasible approach to simultaneously improve yield and nitrogen use efficiency, thereby reducing N fertilizer application, increasing rapeseed production, and supporting sustainable development of the rapeseed industry. Here, we conducted a hydroponic experiment with different N levels using two rapeseed germplasms that differed significantly in leaf area and Pn. During leaf development, we quantified dynamic changes in leaf N content, photosynthetic capacity, functional N fractions, and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) characteristics to elucidate how N allocation regulates Pn and PNUE. Leaf N content declined with growth, but Pn did not decrease consistently, and Pn increased with higher N supply. Photosynthetic N (Npsn) and storage N (Nstore) were the dominant components of leaf N, accounting for 83.12%-97.61%. During leaf expansion, Npsn changed little whereas Nstore declined markedly, which helped maintain Pn at lower total leaf N and improved PNUE. When leaf N content fell below 1.77 g m-2, both Npsn and Nstore decreased linearly, leading to significant reductions in Pn and PNUE. During leaf senescence, the decline in Npsn was 6.24%-19.07% greater than that of Nstore, resulting in pronounced decreases in both Pn and PNUE. Rubisco content was significantly and positively correlated with Npsn. The germplasm Yunyou 9, which had higher Pn, showed higher Npsn and Rubisco content than Fuyou 3, which had larger leaf area, with increases of 5.63%-40.37% and 0.38%-38.02%, respectively. Both Npsn and Nstore increased with increasing N supply, and Pn increased with Npsn. Overall, during leaf development, Rubisco helped maintain Npsn while Nstore declined, supporting higher Pn and improved PNUE. Therefore, optimizing within-leaf N allocation by precisely regulating Rubisco content may be an effective strategy to further enhance rapeseed photosynthetic capacity and nitrogen use efficiency.

Key words: rapeseed, photosynthetic nitrogen, storage nitrogen, Rubisco, photosynthetic rate

图1

不同供氮水平下叶片生理特征动态变化 Nmass、Narea、Pn和PNUE分别表示单位质量氮含量、单位面积氮含量、光合速率及光合氮利用效率。LN、MN、HN分别表示缺氮、轻度缺氮与氮充足处理。YY9与FY3分别为油菜种质云油9号和福油3号。*: P < 0.05; ***: P < 0.001; ns: 无显著差异。"

图2

叶片生长过程中光合速率、光合氮利用效率与单位面积氮含量的关系 缩写和处理同图1。A-C表示叶片扩张阶段, D-F表示叶片衰老阶段。"

表1

不同氮供应下叶片不同功能氮素含量的变化"

标记后天数
Days after marking (d)		 种质
Germplasm		 处理
Treatment		 光合氮素含量
Npsn (g m-2)		 储存氮素含量
Nstore (g m-2)		 呼吸氮素含量
Nresp (g m-2)		 结构氮素含量
Nstr (g m-2)
1 YY9 LN 0.48±0.03 def 0.84±0.03 h 0.03±0.001 cdef 0.05±0.007 def
MN 0.55±0.02 bcde 1.73±0.02 b 0.03±0.001 cdef 0.04±0.005 ef
HN 0.61±0.03 cdef 1.74±0.03 b 0.03±0.001 abc 0.04±0.003 f
FY3 LN 0.40±0.05 ghi 1.17±0.05 e 0.02±0.002 efgh 0.07±0.028 bcdef
MN 0.51±0.02 cdef 1.95±0.02 a 0.02±0.001 cdefg 0.04±0.006 f
HN 0.53±0.05 bcde 1.95±0.03 a 0.03±0.002 cdef 0.06±0.028 acdef
4 YY9 LN 0.37±0.03 hij 0.57±0.04 ij 0.02±0.002 gh 0.07±0.014 bcdef
MN 0.57±0.02 bc 0.85±0.04 h 0.03±0.001 cdef 0.11±0.030 abc
HN 0.65±0.04 a 1.53±0.07 c 0.03±0.002 ab 0.09±0.031 abcd
FY3 LN 0.34±0.01 ij 0.65±0.01 i 0.02±0.000 h 0.09±0.002 abcd
MN 0.54±0.02 bcde 0.97±0.04 g 0.03±0.001 cdef 0.09±0.020 abcd
HN 0.55±0.02 bcde 1.02±0.02 fg 0.03±0.002 bcd 0.07±0.008 abcd
8 YY9 LN 0.38±0.02 hij 0.51±0.02 k 0.02±0.001 fgh 0.07±0.011abcdef
MN 0.53±0.02 bcde 0.55±0.03 j 0.03±0.001 bcde 0.06±0.008 def
HN 0.65±0.05 a 1.25±0.06 d 0.02±0.011 a 0.11±0.041 abcde
FY3 LN 0.32±0.02 hij 0.35±0.02 l 0.03±0.001 h 0.12±0.004 a
MN 0.49±0.05 cdef 0.65±0.06 i 0.03±0.002 cedf 0.09±0.018 abcde
HN 0.57±0.04 bc 1.03±0.07 fg 0.03±0.003 abc 0.10±0.026 ab
18 YY9 LN 0.18±0.01 k 0.45±0.01 k 0.01±0.000 a 0.05±0.001 def
MN 0.43±0.03 fgh 0.61±0.04 ij 0.02±0.002 j 0.03±0.003 f
HN 0.55±0.02 bcd 1.10±0.02 ef 0.02±0.002 defgh 0.05±0.003 def
FY3 LN 0.16±0.03 k 0.32±0.04 l 0.01±0.001 j 0.06±0.005 def
MN 0.30±0.03 j 0.45±0.03 k 0.01±0.002 ij 0.04±0.003 def
HN 0.46±0.04 efg 1.16±0.05 de 0.02±0.003 hi 0.04±0.008 def
F值 F value
标记后天数Days after marking (D) 56.66*** 987.02*** 14.90*** 17.32***
种质Germplasm (G) 31.12*** 10.46** 3.05ns 1.87ns
处理Treatment (T) 184.57*** 1078.73** 19.58*** 1.17ns
D×G 0.63ns 13.91*** 1.76ns 1.02ns
D×T 6.54*** 59.36*** 1.10ns 1.78ns
G×T 2.10ns 10.49*** 0.39ns 2.24ns
D×G×T 1.81ns 37.90*** 1.21ns 0.87ns

图3

单位面积氮含量与光合氮含量、储存氮含量的关系 缩写同图1和表1。实线表示Narea小于1.77 g m-2; 虚线表示Narea大于1.77 g m-2。"

图4

功能氮分配与光合能力的关系 缩写和处理同图1。Npsn、Nstore分别表示光合氮素含量和储存氮素含量。A-H表示叶片扩张阶段, a-h表示叶片衰老阶段。"

图5

不同种质油菜在不同氮供应下Rubisco的特性"

图6

不同氮供应下Rubisco与光合能力及功能氮素的关系 缩写和处理同图1。Npsn、Nstore分别表示光合氮素含量和储存氮素含量。A-F为叶片扩张阶段, a-f为叶片衰老阶段。"

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