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作物学报

作物学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (5): 1373-1387.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2026.55066

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇    下一篇

大豆苗期耐低铁综合评价及优异种质筛选

姚术1(), 郭凯悦1(), 翟慧慧1, 姚佳慧1, 邓文琪1, 闫玲1, 黄驰1, 高阳1, 俞嫣然1, 赵振邦3, 李英慧2, 王晓波1,*(), 李佳佳1,*()   

  1. 1 安徽农业大学农学院, 安徽合肥 230036
    2 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 / 农作物基因资源与遗传改良国家重大科学工程 / 作物基因资源与育种国家重点实验室, 北京 100081
    3 宿州市农业科学院, 安徽宿州 234000
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-20 接受日期:2026-02-27 出版日期:2026-05-12 网络出版日期:2026-03-09
  • 通讯作者: *李佳佳, E-mail: lijia6862@163.com; 王晓波, E-mail: wxbphd@163.com
  • 作者简介:姚术, E-mail: 2059449531@qq.com;
    郭凯悦, E-mail: 474152812@qq.com
    **同等贡献
  • 基金资助:
    安徽省自然科学基金项目(2208085MC61);农业重大科技项目和安徽省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资助。

Comprehensive evaluation of low-iron tolerance and screening of elite germplasm at the soybean seedling stage

Yao Shu1(), Guo Kai-Yue1(), Zhai Hui-Hui1, Yao Jia-Hui1, Deng Wen-Qi1, Yan Ling1, Huang Chi1, Gao Yang1, Yu Yan-Ran1, Zhao Zhen-Bang3, Li Ying-Hui2, Wang Xiao-Bo1,*(), Li Jia-Jia1,*()   

  1. 1 School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
    2 Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / the National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement / State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resource and Breeding, Beijing 100081, China
    3 Suzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Suzhou 234000, Anhui, China
  • Received:2025-10-20 Accepted:2026-02-27 Published:2026-05-12 Published online:2026-03-09
  • Contact: *Li Jia-Jia, E-mail: lijia6862@163.com; Wang Xiao-Bo, E-mail: wxbphd@163.com
  • About author:First author contact:**Corresponding equally to this work
  • Supported by:
    Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(2208085MC61);Agriculture Science and Technology Major Project, and the Special Fund for Anhui Agriculture Research System.

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摘要：

铁是植物生长必需的微量元素, 土壤有效铁不足会直接引发植物缺铁症的发生。大豆苗期对缺铁较为敏感, 缺铁显著影响其生长发育。本研究以130份大豆种质资源为试验材料, 设置低铁(1 μmol L-1, LFe)和正常铁(25 μmol L-1, CK) 2种处理, 通过水培法培养大豆幼苗, 待处理至第2片三出复叶完全展开期, 收集处理组(LFe)与对照组(CK)大豆植株的相对叶绿素含量、株高、叶面积、主根长、茎叶鲜重和根平均直径等13个性状表征值。结果显示, 相较于对照组, 低铁胁迫处理后的大豆植株叶片相对叶绿素含量、叶面积和茎叶鲜重3个指标均显著降低20%以上, 株高、主根长等9个指标均显著降低10%以上。表明相较于正常铁浓度, 低铁胁迫处理显著抑制了大豆地上部和地下部生长发育。对获得的各性状耐低铁系数进行主成分分析, 将13个指标转换成4个主成分, 进一步通过隶属函数标准化分析, 计算获得大豆耐低铁性综合评价D值, 并基于D值对参试品种进行聚类分析, 最终将参试大豆苗期耐低铁特性划分为5个等级, 即: I级耐低铁型(12份)、II级较耐低铁型(48份)、III级中间型(47份)、IV级低铁较敏感型(16份)和V级低铁敏感型(7份)。对各项指标逐步回归分析后, 建立大豆苗期耐低铁综合评价预测模型: D = -0.486+0.178X1+0.262X2+0.072X3+0.189X4+0.124X5+0.091X6+0.065X7+0.064X8+0.118X9, 筛选出相对叶绿素含量、株高和叶面积等9个指标作为大豆苗期耐低铁评价的核心指标。研究结果为挖掘大豆耐低铁功能基因和铁营养高效利用等提供了理论依据和材料基础。

关键词: 大豆, 种质资源, 苗期, 耐低铁, 综合评价

Abstract:

Iron is an essential micronutrient for plant growth, and limited iron availability in soils can directly cause iron deficiency. Soybean seedlings are particularly sensitive to iron deficiency, which markedly affects their growth and development. Here, we evaluated 130 soybean germplasm accessions under two hydroponic iron regimes: low iron (1 μmol L-1, LFe) and normal iron (25 μmol L-1, CK). At the second fully expanded trifoliolate stage, relative chlorophyll content, plant height, leaf area, main root length, stem and leaf fresh weight, and root mean diameter were measured, among other traits. Compared with CK, low-iron stress reduced relative chlorophyll content, leaf area, and stem-and-leaf fresh weight by > 20%, and decreased nine additional indices (including plant height and main root length) by > 10%. Overall, low iron significantly inhibited both shoot and root growth. Principal component analysis (PCA) of low-iron tolerance coefficients transformed the 13 indices into four principal components. A comprehensive low-iron tolerance D value was then calculated using a standardized membership function approach, and cluster analysis based on D classified the accessions into five grades: grade I (tolerant, 12 accessions), grade II (strongly tolerant, 48), grade III (moderate, 47), grade IV (strongly sensitive, 16), and grade V (sensitive, 7). Stepwise regression was used to develop a predictive model for seedling low-iron tolerance: D = -0.486+0.178X1+ 0.262X2+ 0.072X3+ 0.189X4+ 0.124X5+ 0.091X6+0.065X7+ 0.064X8+ 0.118X9. This model identified nine core indicators—including relative chlorophyll content, plant height, and leaf area—as key traits for evaluating low-iron tolerance at the soybean seedling stage. These results provide a basis for identifying iron-tolerance-related functional genes and for improving iron-use efficiency in soybean.

Key words: soybean, germplasm resources, seedling stage, low iron tolerance, comprehensive evaluation

附表1

供试种质资源的基本信息及D值和预测值"

编号
No.		 地理来源
Geographical origin		 D值
D value		 预测D值
Predicted D value		 预测精度
Evaluation accuracy (%)
I1 黄淮生态区Huanghuai ecological zone 0.486 0.456 93.85
I2 黄淮生态区Huanghuai ecological zone 0.328 0.316 96.24
I3 黄淮生态区Huanghuai ecological zone 0.448 0.462 96.96
I4 黄淮生态区Huanghuai ecological zone 0.373 0.369 98.82
I5 黄淮生态区Huanghuai ecological zone 0.533 0.530 99.37
I6 南方生态区South ecological zone 0.383 0.378 98.61
I7 黄淮生态区Huanghuai ecological zone 0.265 0.264 99.64
I8 国外资源Foreign resources 0.273 0.261 95.54
I9 南方生态区South ecological zone 0.355 0.348 98.29
I10 黄淮生态区Huanghuai ecological zone 0.519 0.513 98.87
I11 黄淮生态区Huanghuai ecological zone 0.571 0.575 99.35
I12 国外资源Foreign resources 0.453 0.458 98.91
I13 黄淮生态区Huanghuai ecological zone 0.387 0.366 94.53
I14 北方生态区North ecological zone 0.528 0.529 99.82
I15 南方生态区South ecological zone 0.575 0.570 99.10
I16 国外资源Foreign resources 0.385 0.402 95.57
I17 黄淮生态区Huanghuai ecological zone 0.587 0.617 94.91
I18 国外资源Foreign resources 0.397 0.409 96.73
I19 南方生态区South ecological zone 0.610 0.591 96.90
I20 南方生态区South ecological zone 0.497 0.484 97.50
I21 南方生态区South ecological zone 0.632 0.621 98.29
I22 南方生态区South ecological zone 0.448 0.459 97.41
I23 国外资源Foreign resources 0.370 0.357 96.72
I24 黄淮生态区Huanghuai ecological zone 0.429 0.444 96.32
I25 黄淮生态区Huanghuai ecological zone 0.423 0.440 96.01
I26 国外资源Foreign resources 0.623 0.604 97.00
I27 国外资源Foreign resources 0.441 0.439 99.38
I28 国外资源Foreign resources 0.452 0.462 97.66
I29 国外资源Foreign resources 0.386 0.383 99.25
I30 黄淮生态区Huanghuai ecological zone 0.419 0.395 94.24
I31 国外资源Foreign resources 0.590 0.584 99.10
I32 国外资源Foreign resources 0.396 0.374 94.52
I33 黄淮生态区Huanghuai ecological zone 0.468 0.486 96.06
I34 黄淮生态区Huanghuai ecological zone 0.371 0.372 99.49
I35 黄淮生态区Huanghuai ecological zone 0.498 0.472 94.92
I36 国外资源Foreign resources 0.492 0.509 96.66
I37 国外资源Foreign resources 0.447 0.467 95.62
I38 南方生态区South ecological zone 0.632 0.639 98.88
I39 北方生态区North ecological zone 0.562 0.596 94.00
I40 国外资源Foreign resources 0.680 0.678 99.62
I41 黄淮生态区Huanghuai ecological zone 0.296 0.270 91.13
I42 黄淮生态区Huanghuai ecological zone 0.421 0.409 97.12
I43 黄淮生态区Huanghuai ecological zone 0.512 0.510 99.57
I44 黄淮生态区Huanghuai ecological zone 0.588 0.573 97.53
I45 国外资源Foreign resources 0.537 0.548 97.81
I46 国外资源Foreign resources 0.445 0.453 98.07
I47 国外资源Foreign resources 0.369 0.372 99.16
I48 黄淮生态区Huanghuai ecological zone 0.305 0.306 99.50
I49 黄淮生态区Huanghuai ecological zone 0.487 0.536 90.09
I50 北方生态区North ecological zone 0.278 0.276 99.46
I51 北方生态区North ecological zone 0.277 0.262 94.56
I52 国外资源Foreign resources 0.266 0.278 95.50
I53 黄淮生态区Huanghuai ecological zone 0.497 0.502 99.04
I54 北方生态区North ecological zone 0.279 0.257 92.09
I55 黄淮生态区Huanghuai ecological zone 0.520 0.530 98.14
I56 北方生态区North ecological zone 0.542 0.534 98.62
I57 国外资源Foreign resources 0.313 0.322 97.16
I58 国外资源Foreign resources 0.344 0.336 97.50
I59 南方生态区South ecological zone 0.302 0.288 95.35
I60 黄淮生态区Huanghuai ecological zone 0.418 0.389 93.09
I61 黄淮生态区Huanghuai ecological zone 0.300 0.291 96.90
I62 南方生态区South ecological zone 0.503 0.489 97.22
I63 国外资源Foreign resources 0.532 0.538 98.80
I64 北方生态区North ecological zone 0.471 0.432 91.82
I65 北方生态区North ecological zone 0.264 0.249 94.30
I66 南方生态区South ecological zone 0.261 0.243 93.15
I67 国外资源Foreign resources 0.366 0.379 96.33
I68 黄淮生态区Huanghuai ecological zone 0.536 0.541 99.15
I69 黄淮生态区Huanghuai ecological zone 0.352 0.338 96.04
I70 北方生态区North ecological zone 0.400 0.382 95.71
I71 黄淮生态区Huanghuai ecological zone 0.330 0.340 96.97
I72 黄淮生态区Huanghuai ecological zone 0.317 0.294 92.97
I73 黄淮生态区Huanghuai ecological zone 0.343 0.350 97.82
I74 黄淮生态区Huanghuai ecological zone 0.201 0.192 95.61
I75 黄淮生态区Huanghuai ecological zone 0.476 0.471 99.09
I76 南方生态区South ecological zone 0.398 0.427 92.58
I77 国外资源Foreign resources 0.300 0.305 98.21
I78 北方生态区North ecological zone 0.746 0.745 99.87
I79 黄淮生态区Huanghuai ecological zone 0.561 0.564 99.48
I80 黄淮生态区Huanghuai ecological zone 0.697 0.712 97.89
I81 黄淮生态区Huanghuai ecological zone 0.425 0.434 97.68
I82 北方生态区North ecological zone 0.418 0.449 92.63
I83 国外资源Foreign resources 0.591 0.601 98.27
I84 国外资源Foreign resources 0.657 0.678 96.87
I85 黄淮生态区Huanghuai ecological zone 0.358 0.379 94.13
I86 南方生态区South ecological zone 0.401 0.385 96.18
I87 黄淮生态区Huanghuai ecological zone 0.514 0.535 95.83
I88 国外资源Foreign resources 0.158 0.150 94.91
I89 国外资源Foreign resources 0.475 0.489 96.99
I90 黄淮生态区Huanghuai ecological zone 0.441 0.426 96.66
I91 北方生态区North ecological zone 0.545 0.559 97.47
I92 国外资源Foreign resources 0.456 0.486 93.37
I93 南方生态区South ecological zone 0.441 0.418 94.86
I94 黄淮生态区Huanghuai ecological zone 0.530 0.542 97.83
I95 黄淮生态区Huanghuai ecological zone 0.191 0.186 97.16
I96 黄淮生态区Huanghuai ecological zone 0.141 0.155 90.16
I97 北方生态区North ecological zone 0.392 0.375 95.42
I98 黄淮生态区Huanghuai ecological zone 0.446 0.438 98.07
I99 黄淮生态区Huanghuai ecological zone 0.770 0.780 98.65
I100 国外资源Foreign resources 0.371 0.366 98.61
I101 北方生态区North ecological zone 0.143 0.150 95.11
I102 北方生态区North ecological zone 0.629 0.632 99.47
I103 国外资源Foreign resources 0.721 0.737 97.72
I104 北方生态区North ecological zone 0.498 0.465 93.34
I105 南方生态区South ecological zone 0.674 0.675 99.85
I106 北方生态区North ecological zone 0.441 0.409 92.87
I107 黄淮生态区Huanghuai ecological zone 0.517 0.472 91.25
I108 黄淮生态区Huanghuai ecological zone 0.382 0.349 91.30
I109 南方生态区South ecological zone 0.480 0.453 94.47
I110 南方生态区South ecological zone 0.679 0.658 96.82
I111 黄淮生态区Huanghuai ecological zone 0.539 0.518 96.06
I112 北方生态区North ecological zone 0.422 0.405 96.05
I113 国外资源Foreign resources 0.696 0.696 99.94
I114 国外资源Foreign resources 0.579 0.579 99.94
I115 黄淮生态区Huanghuai ecological zone 0.653 0.636 97.41
I116 黄淮生态区Huanghuai ecological zone 0.621 0.602 96.94
I117 黄淮生态区Huanghuai ecological zone 0.795 0.803 99.04
I118 北方生态区North ecological zone 0.760 0.746 98.22
I119 黄淮生态区Huanghuai ecological zone 0.468 0.460 98.29
I120 黄淮生态区Huanghuai ecological zone 0.613 0.605 98.65
I121 黄淮生态区Huanghuai ecological zone 0.605 0.587 97.04
I122 国外资源Foreign resources 0.543 0.533 98.23
I123 黄淮生态区Huanghuai ecological zone 0.405 0.398 98.28
I124 北方生态区North ecological zone 0.566 0.570 99.35
I125 国外资源Foreign resources 0.451 0.444 98.34
I126 南方生态区South ecological zone 0.420 0.412 98.08
I127 黄淮生态区Huanghuai ecological zone 0.434 0.441 98.42
I128 黄淮生态区Huanghuai ecological zone 0.171 0.165 96.40
I129 黄淮生态区Huanghuai ecological zone 0.302 0.285 94.65
I130 黄淮生态区Huanghuai ecological zone 0.101 0.105 95.88

图1

对照组与低铁处理组大豆植株表型对比图 CK: 对照组; LFe: 低铁处理组。图中比例尺为5 cm。"

表1

低铁处理对130份大豆苗期生理指标的影响"

性状
Trait		 低铁处理
LFe (Mean ± SD)		 对照
CK (Mean ± SD)		 变幅
Range (%)		 F值
F value
相对叶绿素含量Relative chlorophyll content (SPAD) 15.75±6.54 26.19±5.29 -39.86 200.15**
株高Plant height (cm) 24.41±7.89 29.35±7.80 -16.83 25.77**
叶面积Leaf area (cm2) 21.63±13.44 35.32±18.42 -38.76 46.89**
主根长Main root length (cm) 15.55±3.54 17.40±3.81 -10.63 16.56**
茎叶鲜重Stem and leaf fresh weight (g) 2.03±0.98 2.57±1.11 -21.01 17.36**
根鲜重Root fresh weight (g) 0.91±0.45 1.05±0.50 -13.33 5.20*
茎叶干重Stem and leaf dry weight (g) 0.28±0.12 0.34±0.14 -17.65 13.53**
根干重Root dry weight (g) 0.06±0.03 0.07±0.03 -14.29 0.88
总根长Total root length (cm) 512.34±193.20 594.39±207.24 -13.80 10.90**
总根体积Total root volume (cm3) 0.86±0.36 1.01±0.40 -14.85 9.18**
根表面积Total root surface area (cm2) 74.12±28.47 86.28±31.22 -14.09 10.76**
根尖数Root tip number (No.) 771.00±301.95 857.58±368.12 -10.10 4.30*
根平均直径Average root diameter (mm) 0.46±0.04 0.46±0.04 0 0.06

表2

130份大豆苗期低铁处理下各单项系数分析"

性状
Trait		 极小值
Min.		 极大值
Max.		 平均值±标准差
Mean ± SD		 变异系数
CV (%)
相对叶绿素含量Relative chlorophyll content (SPAD) 0.20 1.22 0.60±0.21 35.00
株高Plant height (cm) 0.47 1.26 0.83±0.14 16.87
叶面积Leaf area (cm2) 0.10 1.34 0.63±0.26 41.27
主根长Main root length (cm) 0.62 1.57 0.91±0.17 18.68
茎叶鲜重Stem and leaf fresh weight (g) 0.29 1.42 0.80±0.19 23.75
根鲜重Root fresh weight (g) 0.37 1.89 0.90±0.25 27.78
茎叶干重Stem and leaf dry weight (g) 0.27 2.04 0.86±0.26 30.23
根干重Root dry weight (g) 0.33 1.73 0.99±0.29 29.29
总根长Total root length (cm) 0.41 1.49 0.88±0.21 23.86
总根体积Total root volume (cm3) 0.47 1.49 0.88±0.21 23.86
根表面积Total root surface area (cm2) 0.48 1.49 0.88±0.21 23.86
根尖数Root tip number (No.) 0.36 2.11 0.96±0.30 31.25
根平均直径Average root diameter (mm) 0.89 1.19 1.00±0.05 5.00

图2

130份大豆低铁处理下各单项性状指标的耐低铁系数相关性分析 RCC: 相对叶绿素含量; PH: 株高; LA: 叶面积; MRL: 主根长; SLFW: 茎叶鲜重; RFW: 根鲜重; SLDW: 茎叶干重; RDW: 根干重; TRL: 总根长; TRV: 总根体积; TRS: 根表面积; RTN: 根尖数; ARD: 根平均直径。*、**和***分别表示在0.05、0.01和0.001概率水平相关性显著。"

表3

各综合指标的主成分特征值及方差贡献率"

主成分
Principal component		 特征值
Eigenvalue		 方差贡献率
Variance contribution rate (%)		 累计贡献率
Cumulative contributive ratio (%)
PC1 5.65 41.99 41.99
PC2 1.49 12.45 54.44
PC3 1.28 10.04 64.48
PC4 1.02 7.73 72.21

表4

主成分载荷矩阵"

指标名称
Item name		 主成分 Principal component
PC1 PC2 PC3 PC4
相对叶绿素含量Relative chlorophyll content (SPAD) 0.11 0.52 0.32 0.70
株高Plant height (cm) 0.48 0.61 0.18 -0.13
叶面积Leaf area (cm2) 0.53 0.55 -0.09 0.06
主根长Main root length (cm) 0.39 -0.39 -0.31 0.64
茎叶鲜重Stem and leaf fresh weight (g) 0.64 0.28 -0.05 -0.18
根鲜重Root fresh weight (g) 0.79 -0.15 0.20 0.03
茎叶干重Stem and leaf dry weight (g) 0.52 0.02 0.16 0.04
根干重Root dry weight (g) 0.72 -0.39 0.05 0.07
总根长Total root length (cm) 0.93 0.01 -0.12 -0.10
总根体积Total root volume (cm3) 0.93 -0.12 0.15 -0.09
根表面积Total root surface area (cm2) 0.95 -0.06 0.01 -0.10
根尖数Root tip number (No.) 0.51 -0.12 -0.64 0.01
根平均直径Average root diameter (mm) 0.13 -0.46 0.74 -0.02

图3

130份大豆D值的聚类分析图 I: 耐低铁型; II: 较耐低铁型; III: 中间型; IV: 低铁较敏感型; V: 低铁敏感型。图中种质编号见附表1。"

图4

大豆苗期耐低铁不同等级表型图 I: 耐低铁型; II: 较耐低铁型; III: 中间型; IV: 低铁较敏感型; V: 低铁敏感型。比例尺为5 cm。"

附表2

I级耐低铁种质资源的基本信息及关键性状耐低铁系数"

编号
No.		 品种名称
Variety name		 品种特性
Varietal characteristic		 相对叶绿素含量
Relative chlorophyll content
(SPAD)		 株高
Plant height (cm)		 叶面积
Leaf area
(cm2)
I40 Athow 生育期材料Growth period materials 0.87 1.06 0.92
I78 TD102 优质High quality 0.97 0.83 1.34
I80 DSQ 大粒Large seed 1.22 1.00 0.63
I84 MN0201 生育期材料Growth period materials 0.92 0.94 1.00
I99 PH 耐逆Stress tolerance 0.89 0.76 0.37
I103 S 30-31 优质High quality 0.91 0.69 0.72
I105 FD310 高产High seed yield 0.84 0.87 0.93
I110 CD 4 大粒Large seed 0.86 0.85 0.73
I113 L76-2096 抗病Disease resistant 0.82 0.96 0.81
I115 TJQ 优质High quality 1.04 0.91 0.66
I117 NXBYZ 优质High quality 0.95 1.26 0.86
I118 HL1 优质High quality 0.81 1.03 0.83
编号
No.		 品种名称
Variety name		 主根长
Main root length
(cm)		 茎叶鲜重
Stem and leaf fresh
weight (g)		 茎叶干重
Stem and leaf dry weight (g)		 根表面积
Root surface area (cm2)
I40 Athow 1.05 0.97 1.05 1.29
I78 TD102 1.31 0.99 1.09 1.13
I80 DSQ 0.85 1.40 1.16 1.18
I84 MN0201 1.07 0.94 2.04 0.89
I99 PH 0.96 0.65 0.79 0.80
I103 S 30-31 1.55 1.42 1.30 1.18
I105 FD310 1.16 0.76 1.00 1.00
I110 CD 4 1.30 0.82 0.83 1.32
I113 L76-2096 1.09 0.78 1.19 1.25
I115 TJQ 0.95 0.71 1.01 1.13
I117 NXBYZ 1.09 1.12 1.08 1.49
I118 HL1 1.00 0.84 0.71 1.43
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