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作物学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (4): 1035-1045.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2026.55067

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇    下一篇

油菜耐渍性快速鉴定及耐渍种质筛选

谭文清1,2,3(), 惠荣奎1,2,3, 张凡丽1,2,4, 覃磊1,2,3, 毛舒香1,2,3, 邓力超1,2,3, 郭一鸣1,2,3, 曲亮1,2,3, 严明理1,2,3,*()   

  1. 1湖南省农业科学院作物研究所, 湖南长沙 410125
    2岳麓山实验室, 湖南长沙 410128
    3湖南省杂交油菜工程技术研究中心, 湖南长沙 410125
    4湖南大学隆平农学院, 湖南长沙 410017
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-24 接受日期:2026-01-22 出版日期:2026-04-12 网络出版日期:2026-02-05
  • 通讯作者: *严明理, E-mail: mlyan@hunaas.cn
  • 作者简介:E-mail: twq8391290618@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD1201403);湖南省农业科技创新资金项目(2024CX096);岳麓山实验室种业专项项目(YLS-2025-ZY02016);湖南省科技创新计划(2023RC1077);湖南省科技人才托举工程项目(2023TJ-Z09)

Rapid identification of waterlogging tolerance and selection of high waterlogging tolerance germplasm resources of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)

Tan Wen-Qing1,2,3(), Hui Rong-Kui1,2,3, Zhang Fan-Li1,2,4, Qin Lei1,2,3, Mao Shu-Xiang1,2,3, Deng Li-Chao1,2,3, Guo Yi-Ming1,2,3, Qu Liang1,2,3, Yan Ming-Li1,2,3,*()   

  1. 1Crop Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, Hunan, China
    2Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
    3Hunan Hybrid Rapeseed Engineering and Technology Research Center, Changsha 410125, Hunan, China
    4Longping Agricultural College, Hunan University, Changsha 410017, Hunan, China
  • Received:2025-10-24 Accepted:2026-01-22 Published:2026-04-12 Published online:2026-02-05
  • Contact: *E-mail: mlyan@hunaas.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD1201403);Agricultural Technology Innovation Fund Project of Hunan Province(2024CX096);Yuelushan Laboratory Breeding Program(YLS-2025-ZY02016);Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(2023RC1077);Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Talent Promotion Project(2023TJ-Z09)

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摘要：

长江中下游是中国油菜主产区, 该区域湿润多雨易导致油菜渍害频发, 严重影响油菜的产量和品质, 因此, 建立快速鉴定油菜耐渍性的方法, 并筛选耐渍性强的油菜种质具有重要意义。本研究通过对萌发期油菜种子渍水24 h处理, 并根据恢复生长后的生长势、存活率、子叶和根系生长情况, 建立了一套基于分级评价的油菜耐渍性快速鉴定方法, 并基于该方法对152份油菜种质进行了快速鉴定, 筛选出10份强耐渍、34份较耐渍、53份一般耐渍和55份渍敏种质。为验证该方法的可靠性, 选取其中32份油菜种质, 根据《油菜耐渍性鉴定技术规程》以室内发芽期根长耐渍指数进行耐渍性验证, 结果表明, 耐渍性快速鉴定方法筛选到的强耐渍种质的根长耐渍指数极显著高于一般耐渍及渍敏种质。此外, 选取54份完成耐渍性快速鉴定的油菜种质进行田间耐渍性验证, 利用株高耐渍指数、一次有效分枝数耐渍指数、相对单株角果数耐渍指数和相对每角粒数耐渍指数4个指标, 通过主成分分析及隶属函数分析, 计算田间耐渍性综合评价D值进行耐渍性评价。结果表明, 不同种质田间耐渍性差异较大, 并发现耐渍性快速鉴定方法筛选的强耐渍种质的平均D值极显著高于一般耐渍和渍敏种质。以上结果表明, 本研究建立的油菜耐渍性快速鉴定方法具有较高的可信度, 可用于大批量种质耐渍性地快速鉴定, 并筛选强耐渍种质。最终, 结合54份种质耐渍性快速鉴定结果以及田间耐渍性综合评价D值, 筛选出3份强耐渍种质、10份较耐渍种质以及8份渍敏种质, 以上结果将为今后油菜耐渍性遗传改良提供材料基础和参考依据。

关键词: 油菜, 种质, 耐渍性, 快速鉴定, 综合评价

Abstract:

The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River constitute the main rapeseed-producing region in China, characterized by a wet and rainy climate that frequently leads to waterlogging. This environmental stress severely affects both the yield and quality of rapeseed. Therefore, developing a rapid and reliable method for identifying waterlogging tolerance and screening waterlogging-tolerant germplasm is of great importance. In this study, we established a fast and effective method to assess waterlogging tolerance during the germination stage by subjecting seeds to 24 hours of waterlogging, followed by a graded evaluation based on growth vigor, survival rate, and the development of cotyledons and root systems after recovery. Using this method, 152 rapeseed germplasms were evaluated, resulting in the identification of 10 highly tolerant, 34 moderately tolerant, 53 generally tolerant, and 55 sensitive germplasms. To validate the reliability of this approach, 32 germplasms previously classified by the rapid method were assessed using the root waterlogging tolerance index during indoor germination, following the “Code of Practice for Identification of Waterlogging Tolerance in Rapeseed”. The results showed that highly tolerant germplasms identified by the rapid method exhibited significantly higher root waterlogging tolerance indices compared to generally tolerant and sensitive ones. Furthermore, 54 germplasms identified by the rapid method were subjected to field validation. A comprehensive field waterlogging tolerance index (D value) was calculated using principal component analysis (PCA) and membership function analysis based on four indices: plant height waterlogging tolerance index, number of primary effective branches waterlogging tolerance index, number of siliques per plant waterlogging tolerance index, and number of seeds per silique waterlogging tolerance index. The results revealed significant variation in field waterlogging tolerance among germplasms, with the D values of highly tolerant lines significantly exceeding those of the generally tolerant and sensitive ones. These findings indicate that the rapid identification method is highly reliable and enables large-scale, efficient screening of waterlogging-tolerant germplasm. Finally, by integrating results from both the rapid identification method and field evaluations, three highly tolerant, ten moderately tolerant, and eight sensitive germplasms were confirmed. These results provide a valuable genetic resource and practical reference for future breeding efforts aimed at improving waterlogging tolerance in rapeseed.

Key words: rapeseed, germplasm, waterlogging tolerance, rapid identification, comprehensive evaluation

图1

不同油菜种质萌发期耐渍性快速鉴定 A, 一级(强耐渍)种质; B, 二级(较耐渍)种质; C, 三级(一般耐渍)种质; D, 四级(渍敏)种质。"

表1

基于油菜耐渍性快速鉴定方法的152份油菜种质耐渍性鉴定结果"

耐渍等级
Waterlogging tolerance grade		 种质数量
Number of germplasms		 种质名称
Germplasms name
一级(强耐渍)
Level 1 (high waterlogging tolerance)		 10 Y4, Y81, Y88, Y97, Y114, Y118, Y123, Y2B, YLS004, YLS019
二级(较耐渍)
Level 2 (moderate waterlogging tolerance)		 34 Y5, Y9, Y14, Y66, Y68, Y69, Y74, Y80, Y82, Y89, Y91, Y92, Y96, Y99, Y103, Y105, Y109, Y112, Y115, Y168, Y453, Y477, Y478, Y486, Y499, Y652, Y656, Y662, Y765, Y831, ZS11, X5B, YLS072, YLS277
三级(一般耐渍)
Level 3 (general waterlogging tolerance)		 53 Y3, Y17, Y19, Y52, Y56, Y46, Y70, Y72, Y76, Y83, Y85, Y93, Y95, Y102, Y110, Y116, Y117, Y149, Y155, Y158, Y159, Y188, Y200, Y216, Y224, Y347, Y476, Y482, Y593, Y594, Y595, Y642, Y643, Y646, Y702, Y734, Y745, Y758, Y763, Y769, Y779, Y796, Y799, Y810, Y818, Y820, Y829, Y858, Y890, Y892, Y939, Y952, 20R
四级(渍敏)
Level 4 (waterlogging sensitive)		 55 Y10, Y33, Y67, Y71, Y75, Y77, Y79, Y84, Y86, Y87, Y90, Y94, Y106, Y111, Y119, Y121, Y122, Y124, Y128, Y129, Y139, Y141, Y160, Y161, Y170, Y172, Y180, Y190, Y196, Y217, Y253, Y308, Y546, Y588, Y591, Y606, Y637, Y639, Y663, Y670, Y684, Y690, Y691, Y724, Y738, Y748, Y764, Y767, Y788, Y789, Y800, Y805, Y951, T99, T927

图2

快速鉴定方法筛选的油菜种质耐渍性验证 A, B: 基于耐渍性快速鉴定方法筛选到的强耐渍种质和渍敏种质; C, D: 基于《油菜耐渍性鉴定技术规程》对耐渍性快速鉴定方法筛选到的强耐渍种质和渍敏种质进行耐渍性验证; C, D左边均为对照, 右边均为处理。标尺为1 cm。"

表2

已完成油菜耐渍性快速鉴定的32份油菜种质不同耐渍等级间平均根长耐渍指数差异"

耐渍性等级
Waterlogging tolerance grade		 种质数
Number of germplasms		 平均根长耐渍性指数
Average root length waterlogging tolerance index
一级(强耐渍)
Level 1 (high waterlogging tolerance)		 8 0.41 A
二级(较耐渍)
Level 2 (moderate waterlogging tolerance)		 8 0.30 AB
三级(一般耐渍)
Level 3 (general waterlogging tolerance)		 8 0.20 B
四级(渍敏)
Level 4 (waterlogging sensitive)		 8 0.16 B

图3

油菜田间耐渍性评价 CK: 对照; T: 渍水处理。Y66、Y74和Y2B为田间强耐渍或较耐渍种质; Y10、Y129和Y72为田间渍敏种质。标尺为1 cm。"

表3

耐渍性快速鉴定方法筛选的54份种质田间耐渍性综合评价D值"

种质编号
Germplasms name		 耐渍性等级
Waterlogging tolerance grade		 D值
D value		 排序(D值从大到小)
Rank (D value from large to small)
Y4 一级(强耐渍)
Level 1 (high waterlogging tolerance)		 1.36 19
Y5 二级(较耐渍)
Level 2 (moderate waterlogging tolerance)		 1.34 21
Y9 二级(较耐渍)
Level 2 (moderate waterlogging tolerance)		 1.01 43
Y10 四级(渍敏)
Level 4 (waterlogging sensitive)		 0.41 54
Y14 二级(较耐渍)
Level 2 (moderate waterlogging tolerance)		 1.13 37
Y66 二级(较耐渍)
Level 2 (moderate waterlogging tolerance)		 1.66 2
Y67 四级(渍敏)
Level 4 (waterlogging sensitive)		 1.24 30
Y69 二级(较耐渍)
Level 2 (moderate waterlogging tolerance)		 1.28 27
Y70 三级(一般耐渍)
Level 3 (general waterlogging tolerance)		 1.03 41
Y71 四级(渍敏)
Level 4 (waterlogging sensitive)		 1.39 18
Y72 三级(一般耐渍)
Level 3 (general waterlogging tolerance)		 0.69 49
Y74 二级(较耐渍)
Level 2 (moderate waterlogging tolerance)		 1.45 14
Y76 三级(一般耐渍)
Level 3 (general waterlogging tolerance)		 0.60 52
Y79 四级(渍敏)
Level 4 (waterlogging sensitive)		 1.32 24
Y80 二级(较耐渍)
Level 2 (moderate waterlogging tolerance)		 1.51 7
Y81 一级(强耐渍)
Level 1 (high waterlogging tolerance)		 1.66 1
Y82 二级(较耐渍)
Level 2 (moderate waterlogging tolerance)		 1.09 39
Y83 三级(一般耐渍)
Level 3 (general waterlogging tolerance)		 1.54 5
Y84 四级(渍敏)
Level 4 (waterlogging sensitive)		 1.42 16
Y86 四级(渍敏)
Level 4 (waterlogging sensitive)		 1.22 32
Y87 四级(渍敏)
Level 4 (waterlogging sensitive)		 1.26 29
Y88 一级(强耐渍)
Level 1 (high waterlogging tolerance)		 1.57 4
Y89 二级(较耐渍)
Level 2 (moderate waterlogging tolerance)		 1.42 17
Y91 二级(较耐渍)
Level 2 (moderate waterlogging tolerance)		 1.18 36
Y92 二级(较耐渍)
Level 2 (moderate waterlogging tolerance)		 1.22 33
Y93 三级(一般耐渍)
Level 3 (general waterlogging tolerance)		 1.30 25
Y94 四级(渍敏)
Level 4 (waterlogging sensitive)		 1.50 9
Y95 三级(一般耐渍)
Level 3 (general waterlogging tolerance)		 1.28 26
Y96 二级(较耐渍)
Level 2 (moderate waterlogging tolerance)		 1.27 28
Y97 一级(强耐渍)
Level 1 (high waterlogging tolerance)		 1.35 20
Y99 二级(较耐渍)
Level 2 (moderate waterlogging tolerance)		 0.61 51
Y103 二级(较耐渍)
Level 2 (moderate waterlogging tolerance)		 0.91 45
Y111 四级(渍敏)
Level 4 (waterlogging sensitive)		 1.33 23
Y112 二级(较耐渍)
Level 2 (moderate waterlogging tolerance)		 1.08 40
Y114 一级(强耐渍)
Level 1 (high waterlogging tolerance)		 1.45 12
Y115 二级(较耐渍)
Level 2 (moderate waterlogging tolerance)		 1.18 35
Y116 三级(一般耐渍)
Level 3 (general waterlogging tolerance)		 1.10 38
Y117 三级(一般耐渍)
Level 3 (general waterlogging tolerance)		 1.24 31
Y118 一级(强耐渍)
Level 1 (high waterlogging tolerance)		 1.45 13
Y123 一级(强耐渍)
Level 1 (high waterlogging tolerance)		 1.46 11
Y129 四级(渍敏)
Level 4 (waterlogging sensitive)		 0.58 53
Y168 二级(较耐渍)
Level 2 (moderate waterlogging tolerance)		 1.47 10
Y478 二级(较耐渍)
Level 2 (moderate waterlogging tolerance)		 0.97 44
Y486 二级(较耐渍)
Level 2 (moderate waterlogging tolerance)		 1.54 6
Y499 二级(较耐渍)
Level 2 (moderate waterlogging tolerance)		 1.02 42
Y594 三级(一般耐渍)
Level 3 (general waterlogging tolerance)		 1.20 34
Y637 四级(渍敏)
Level 4 (waterlogging sensitive)		 0.65 50
Y652 二级(较耐渍)
Level 2 (moderate waterlogging tolerance)		 0.84 46
T99 四级(渍敏)
Level 4 (waterlogging sensitive)		 0.77 47
T927 四级(渍敏)
Level 4 (waterlogging sensitive)		 0.71 48
20R 三级(一般耐渍)
Level 3 (general waterlogging tolerance)		 1.33 22
X5B 二级(较耐渍)
Level 2 (moderate waterlogging tolerance)		 1.50 8
ZS11 二级(较耐渍)
Level 2 (moderate waterlogging tolerance)		 1.43 15
Y2B 一级(强耐渍)
Level 1 (high waterlogging tolerance)		 1.65 3

表4

耐渍性快速鉴定方法筛选的54份种质不同耐渍等级间平均D值差异比较"

耐渍等级
Waterlogging
tolerance grade		 种质数
Number of
germplasms		 平均D值
Mean
D value
一级(强耐渍)
Level 1 (high waterlogging tolerance)		 8 1.48 A
二级(较耐渍)
Level 2 (moderate waterlogging tolerance)		 23 1.23 AB
三级(一般耐渍)
Level 3 (general waterlogging tolerance)		 10 1.13 B
四级(渍敏)
Level 4 (waterlogging sensitive)		 13 1.06 B
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