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Acta Agron Sin ›› 2015, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (07): 1136-1144.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2015.01136

• RESEARCH NOTES • Previous Articles    

Regulative Effect of Optimized Cultivation Practice to the Root Vertical Distribution and Activity in Winter Wheat

LI Hua-Wei1,2,SI Ji-Sheng1,2,XU Yue2,3,LI Sheng-Dong1,2,WU Jian-Jun1,WANG Fa-Hong1,2,*   

  1. 1 Shandong Luyan Seed Co., Ltd, Jinan 250100, China; 2 Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; 3 College of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
  • Received:2014-07-25 Revised:2015-03-19 Online:2015-07-12 Published:2015-04-14
  • Contact: 王法宏, E-mail: wheat-cul@163.com, Tel: 0531-83178123 E-mail:wheat-cul@163.com

Abstract:

To find out the cultivation practices, optimizing the construction of winter wheat root system, promoting root function, and enhancing the final grain yield, in the growing seasons of 2012–2013 and 2013–2014 we compared the root vertical distribution and activity in 090 cm soil layers, as well as grain yield and its components of winter wheat cultivar Luyuan502, with three treatments of cultivate techniques, viz., plow tillage-surface fertilization (PT-SF), rotary tillage-surface fertilization (RT-SF) and seedling belt rotary tillage-subsoiling-deep fertilization in different soil layers (SRT-SS-DF). Compared to PT-SF and RT-SF, SRT-SS-DF significantly increased thousand-kernel weight and spike number per hectare, resulting in 3.96–13.29% increase of grain yield. Root growth was stimulated in SRT-SS-DF treatment. For example, the root length density and dry weight density in 15–60 cm soil layer and total root surface area and active absorption area in 30–75 cm soil layer were significantly higher in SRT-SS-DF than in other treatments after jointing stage, especially in the fertilized soil layer (15–30 cm). At 20 days after anthesis (DAA), the total absorbing surface area and the active absorbing area of root in SRT-SS-DF were 66.3% and 56.5% higher than those in PT-SF and 75.9% and 59.8% higher than those in RT-SF, respectively. Besides, SRT-SS-DF alleviated the decline of root activity at late grain filling stage. From anthesis stage to 20 DAA, the reduction of root activity in 15–30 soil layer was 28.5% and 14.9% lower in SRT-SS-DF than in RT-SF and PT-SF, respectively. At 20 DAA, low root MDA content and high SOD activity in 1590 cm soil layer were observed in SRT-SS-DF. Especially, the SOD activity in 1530 cm soil layer in SRT-SS-DF was 20.6% and 10.9% higher than that in RP-SF and PR-SF, respectively. The root activity and the ratio of root dry weight (root dry weight in different soil layers/total root dry weight in 090 cm soil layer) in 1590 cm had a significant positive correlation with final grain yield. Our results suggest that optimizing integrated practices of seedling belt rotary tillage, seedling belt subsoiling and deep fertilization could be able to extend the root distribution in deep soil and increase the root activity, especially in fertilized soil layer, resulting in higher grain yield.

Key words: Cultivation technique, Wheat, Root activity, Root vertical distribution, Yield

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