减氮及有机肥替代对旱地冬小麦干物质积累、转运、分配和产量的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.41025

Abstract

Abstract:

The effects of reducing chemical nitrogen and organic fertilizer substitution on dryland winter wheat yield formation and economic benefit were explored to provide a theoretical and technical basis for the implementation of chemical fertilizer reduction and organic fertilizer substitution. A field experiment with four treatments: no nitrogen application (NN), farmer nitrogen application (FN), 20% reduction of N fertilizer based on FN (RN), and organic fertilizer substituting 20% nitrogen of RN (OSN)—was conducted at Mengjin and Luoning, typical dryland wheat production system at the intersection of the Loess Plateau and the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, from 2019 to 2023. The effects of different treatments on dry matter accumulation, translocation, distribution, applied nitrogen dry matter productivity, yield and its components, and economic benefit were analyzed. The results showed the following: (1) Compared with FN, RN reduced dry matter accumulation of wheat at jointing, anthesis, and maturity stages, as well as pre-anthesis dry matter translocation and dry matter distribution in the stem, spike axis+glume, and grain at maturity, but had no significant effect on grain yield. (2) Compared with FN and RN, OSN increased applied nitrogen dry matter productivity at each growth stage, significantly enhancing dry matter accumulation at jointing, anthesis, and maturity stages. OSN also increased pre-anthesis dry matter translocation, post-anthesis dry matter accumulation, and the contribution rate of post-anthesis dry matter accumulation to grain. This led to increased dry matter distribution in all aboveground organs at maturity, resulting in a significant grain yield increase of 15.03% and 17.12%, and an economic benefit increase of 3.84% and 4.23%, respectively. (3) Grain yield was significantly positively correlated with pre-anthesis dry matter translocation, post-anthesis dry matter accumulation, and the contribution rate of post-anthesis dry matter accumulation to grain, and significantly negatively correlated with the contribution rate of pre-anthesis dry matter translocation to grain. In this research, based on nitrogen application amounts of 172 kg hm^-² (summer fallow–winter wheat) and 192 kg hm^-² (summer maize–winter wheat) during the wheat season under rain-fed conditions, the OSN treatment improved applied nitrogen dry matter productivity and increased dry matter accumulation at each growth stage. The synergistic increase in pre-anthesis dry matter translocation and post-anthesis dry matter accumulation allowed OSN to achieve the highest yield, making it an optimal fertilizer management practice for high-efficiency and sustainable production of rain-fed dryland winter wheat with a yield level of 5000 kg hm^-².

Key words: dryland winter wheat, reduced chemical nitrogen, organic fertilizer substitution, dry matter accumulation and translocation, yield, economic benefit

ZHANG Jun, HU Chuan, ZHOU Qi-Hui, REN Kai-Ming, DONG Shi-Yan, LIU Ao-Han, WU Jin-Zhi, HUANG Ming, LI You-Jun. Effects of nitrogen reduction and organic fertilizer substitution on dry matter accumulation, translocation, distribution, and yield of dryland winter wheat[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 0, (): 0-.

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Effects of nitrogen reduction and organic fertilizer substitution on dry matter accumulation, translocation, distribution, and yield of dryland winter wheat

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