Welcome to Acta Agronomica Sinica，

Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (6): 1830-1846.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2026.51088

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION · PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of tillage methods and nitrogen rates on yield and quality of dryland wheat under one-off irrigation

Hu Chuan1(), Zhao Kai-Nan2, Huang Xiu-Li1, Wu Jin-Zhi1, Ren Kai-Ming1, Wang He-Zheng1, Fu Guo-Zhan1, Huang Ming1,*(), Li You-Jun1,*()   

  1. 1 College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, Henan, China
    2 Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
  • Received:2025-10-16 Accepted:2026-02-27 Online:2026-06-12 Published:2026-03-09
  • Contact: * Huang Ming, E-mail: huangming_2003@126.com;Li You-Jun, E-mail: lyj@haust.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD1900700);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD2300800);Science and Technology Research Project of Henan(252102111080);Science and Technology Research Project of Henan(232102111009)

RichHTML450

18

PDF

110

Abstract:

As China’s High-Standard Farmland Construction Program advances, many dryland wheat fields can now receive a one-off irrigation during the growing season (hereafter, one-off irrigation). To evaluate the effects of tillage practices and nitrogen (N) rates on wheat yield and quality under one-off irrigation, we conducted a two-factor split-plot experiment from 2020 to 2022 at three sites in Luoyang, Henan province (Xiaolangdi town, Mengjin county; Yaling town, Yichuan county; and Xiaojie town, Luoning county). Tillage practice was the main-plot factor—rotary tillage (RT), subsoiling (SS), and plough tillage (PT)—and N rate was the subplot factor at 0 (N0), 120 (N120), 180 (N180), and 240 (N240) kg hm-2. We measured grain yield, protein content and protein fractions, grain Zn content, and key processing-quality traits. Tillage practice and N rate significantly affected wheat yield and quality; their interaction significantly influenced grain yield, protein yield, and the contents of all protein components except albumin. Compared with PT and RT, SS increased grain yield by 6.9% and 12.6%, respectively, and increased protein yield by 7.7% and 14.5%, while generally improving protein content, most protein fractions, processing quality, and grain Zn content (with a few site-year exceptions). Relative to PT, SS increased albumin, globulin, gliadin, and glutenin contents as well as dough development time, stability time, wet gluten content, sedimentation value, extensibility, maximum resistance, and grain Zn content by 21.9%, 19.0%, 12.5%, 8.0%, 18.6%, 28.4%, 8.2%, 26.4%, 10.1%, 14.0%, and 12.6%, respectively; compared with RT, the corresponding increases were 22.0%, 19.6%, 19.7%, 15.0%, 19.5%, 32.8%, 9.1%, 27.8%, 10.3%, 22.6%, and 23.2%, respectively. Across all tillage practices, increasing N rate led to an initial increase followed by a plateau in yield, protein yield, protein fractions, processing-quality traits, and grain Zn content. In most cases, N180 and N240 did not differ significantly, and both outperformed N120. Except for grain yield at the Xiaolangdi site and gliadin content in 2021-2022, SSN180 achieved similar yield, quality, economic returns, and input-output ratio to SSN240, while outperforming the other treatments in most comparisons. Overall, subsoiling combined with 180 kg hm-2 N is recommended for dryland regions where one-off irrigation is available, as it can simultaneously improve wheat yield, quality, and economic benefits.

Key words: tillage methods, nitrogen rates, dryland, wheat, yield, quality

Table 1

Soil physical and chemical properties in the 0-20 cm soil layer at the start of the experiment"

试验地点
Experimental site		 有机质含量
Organic matter content
(g kg-1)		 全氮含量
Total N
content
(mg kg-1)		 硝态氮含量
Nitrate N content
(mg kg-1)		 有效磷含量
Available P content
(mg kg-1)		 速效钾含量
Available K
content
(mg kg-1)		 pH 土壤容重
Soil bulk density
(g cm-3)		 田间持水量
Field
capacity
(%)
小浪底Xiaolangdi 14.7 1.11 19.36 9.0 139.6 7.57 1.35 27.4
鸦岭Yaling 12.4 1.08 8.46 12.7 177.1 7.97 1.40 26.0
小界Xiaojie 13.2 0.83 6.63 5.9 91.5 7.98 1.26 25.3

Fig. 1

Monthly precipitation and mean temperature at the experimental sites from June 2020 to May 2022"

Table 2

The variance analysis of wheat yield and protein yield at different experimental sites"

变异来源
Source of
variance		 产量Yield 蛋白质产量Protein yield
小浪底
Xiaolangdi		 鸦岭
Yaling		 小界
Xiaojie		 3点均值
3-sites average		 小浪底
Xiaolangdi		 鸦岭
Yaling		 小界
Xiaojie		 3点均值
3-sites average
Y 232.8** 276.4** 3747.9** 0 130.1** 120.1** 5591.0** 1.9
T 40.8** 512.0** 172.9** 55.0** 174.0** 515.8** 25.0** 160.8**
N 750.0** 292.7** 1380.8** 277.3** 640.7** 240.6** 813.8** 3821.8**
Y×T 1.4 16.7** 20.2** 1.6 0.5 8.8** 2.3 4.1
Y×N 33.9** 3.4* 21.1** 2.3 15.1** 0.2 13.5** 36.3**
T×N 2.5* 2.9* 7.9** 1.0 17.7** 1.8 4.2** 17.4**
Y×T×N 1.7* 1.8 11.7** 0.4 0.6 0.5 2.2 0.9

Fig. 2

Effects of different treatments on grain yield and protein yield of dryland wheat under one-off irrigation RT, SS, and PT denote rotary tillage, subsoiling + rotary tillage, and plough tillage + rotary tillage, respectively. N0, N120, N180, and N240 denote N rates of 0, 120, 180, and 240 kg hm-2, respectively. Error bars indicate standard deviation. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments at the same site in the same year (P < 0.05)."

Table S1

ANOVA of the effects of different treatments on crude protein and protein fractions in dryland wheat grain under one-off irrigation"

变异来源
Source of variance		 粗蛋白含量Crude protein (%) 清蛋白含量Albumin (%) 球蛋白含量Globulin (%)
小浪底
Xiaolangdi		 鸦岭
Yaling		 小界
Xiaojie		 小浪底
Xiaolangdi		 鸦岭
Yaling		 小界
Xiaojie		 小浪底
Xiaolangdi		 鸦岭
Yaling		 小界
Xiaojie
Y 326.26** 44.48* 0.28 31.97* 393.92* 2.29 0.14 24.29* 23.54*
T 22.55** 1.61 0.13 18.40** 39.92** 1.04 22.64** 9.22** 9.89*
N 214.23** 60.85** 130.42** 20.33** 6.09** 24.68** 48.97** 7.11** 23.74**
Y×T 3.51 22.35** 0.02 0.48 14.42** 0.27 4.64* 0.77 2.09**
Y×N 4.22* 2.37 15.25** 0.50 0.22 0.20 1.22 0.86 2.11
T×N 13.67** 1.31 0.62 1.66 1.27 1.08 4.61** 1.78 3.16*
Y×T×N 1.54 1.19 0.70 1.74 0.40 0.33 1.99 0.78 0.30
变异来源
Source of variance		 醇溶蛋白含量Gliadin (%) 谷蛋白含量Glutenin (%)
小浪底
Xiaolangdi		 鸦岭
Yaling		 小界
Xiaojie		 小浪底
Xiaolangdi		 鸦岭
Yaling		 小界
Xiaojie
Y 62.92* 31.36* 10.81 0.38 25.07* 50.26*
T 14.61** 103.06** 90.09** 27.64** 22.85** 11.71**
N 15.80** 43.66** 49.43** 50.79** 76.31** 14.24**
Y×T 0.06 0.60 5.56 4.06 0.61 0.23
Y×N 1.01 2.46 0.93 0.45 1.98 0.90
T×N 2.69* 3.65** 3.52** 5.43** 4.96** 0.34
Y×T×N 0.45 1.14 0.17 1.04 1.84 0.56

Fig. 3

Effects of different treatments on crude protein and protein fractions in dryland wheat grain under one-off irrigation Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 2. In the boxplots, the upper and lower boundaries indicate the third and first quartiles, respectively; the line within the box indicates the median; and the box height represents the interquartile range. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments (P < 0.05)."

Table S2

ANOVA of the effects of different treatments on grain processing-quality traits of dryland wheat under one-off irrigation"

变异来源
Source of
variance		 形成时间Development time (min) 稳定时间Stability time (min) 湿面筋含量Wet gluten content (%)
小浪底Xiaolangdi 鸦岭Yaling 小界Xiaojie 小浪底Xiaolangdi 鸦岭Yaling 小界Xiaojie 小浪底Xiaolangdi 鸦岭Yaling 小界Xiaojie
Y 20.39* 1280.8** 94.31* 459.85** 3002.07** 26.75* 130.6** 1178.35** 34.21*
T 22.58** 118.53** 2.52 122.25** 14.76** 93.89** 22.82** 25.42** 1.03
N 27.90** 64.80** 289.86** 92.97** 22.59** 51.01** 169.95** 43.11** 98.96**
Y×T 0.20 18.06** 1.21 14.87** 0.00 3.04 1.53 4.19 0.15
Y×N 1.00 1.77 1.03 3.34* 4.21* 6.87** 3.93* 0.23 0.25
T×N 1.51 2.14 4.39** 6.24** 0.65 2.28 6.00** 1.54 1.85
Y×T×N 0.25 2.31 3.59** 1.26 0.32 0.68 0.91 1.59 1.12
Y 135.27** 646.95** 75.06* 1660.10** 1578.18** 102.94** 692.61** 15.37 168.59**
T 30.59** 24.49** 9.72** 440.44** 47.63** 6.80* 12.98** 56.51** 23.03**
N 183.39** 49.76** 76.33** 104.22** 27.09** 77.62** 19.60** 15.59** 13.70**
Y×T 0.01 6.20* 0.32 4.94* 4.26 1.23 0.11 0.81 3.00
Y×N 0.14 8.90** 2.06 5.15** 0.74 10.80** 0.18 0.34 2.05
T×N 2.08 1.32 1.42 0.63 1.33 1.99 0.15 0.31 2.48*
Y×T×N 5.04** 1.47 0.44 3.57** 3.61** 1.53 0.06 0.25 1.25

Fig. 4

Effects of different treatments on grain processing-quality traits of dryland wheat under one-off irrigation Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 2. In the boxplots, the upper and lower boundaries indicate the third and first quartiles, respectively; the line within the box indicates the median; and the box height represents the interquartile range. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments (P < 0.05)."

Table 3

The variance analysis of zinc content in wheat grain at different experimental sites"

变异来源
Source of variance		 小浪底
Xiaolangdi		 鸦岭
Yaling		 小界
Xiaojie		 3点均值
3-site
average
Y 175.74** 282.75** 18.47 11.39**
T 15.17** 7.24* 10.23** 25.76**
N 50.75** 16.05** 14.21** 60.93**
Y×T 4.41 1.59 0.34 0.78
Y×N 16.81** 0.79 0.19 3.78*
T×N 2.00 0.91 0.66 1.86
Y×T×N 0.88 0.26 0.31 0.31

Fig. 5

Effects of different treatments on grain Zn content of dryland wheat under one-off irrigation Treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 2. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments at the same site in the same year (P < 0.05). Error bars indicate standard deviation."

Fig. 6

Correlations among grain yield, protein traits, processing-quality indicators, and Zn content in wheat under one-off irrigation Yield, AL, Glo, Gli, Glu, TO, DT, ST, WG, SV, EX, MR, and Zn denote grain yield, albumin content, globulin content, gliadin content, glutenin content, crude protein content, dough development time, dough stability time, wet gluten content, sedimentation value, extensibility, maximum resistance, and Zn content, respectively. * and ** indicate significant correlations at P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively."

Table 4

Effects of different treatments on the economic returns of dryland wheat under one-off irrigation"

年度
Year		 处理
Treatment		 小浪底Xiaolangdi 鸦岭Yaling 小界Xiaojie
经济效益
Economic
benefits
(Yuan hm-2)		 产投比
Input-output ratio		 经济效益
Economic
benefits
(Yuan hm-2)		 产投比
Input-output ratio		 经济效益
Economic
benefits
(Yuan hm-2)		 产投比
Input-output ratio
2020-2021 RTN0 11,971 f 3.27 g 10,567 e 3.01 g 5491 g 2.04 f
RTN120 14,315 d 3.49 cd 11,932 d 3.08 efg 10,027 f 2.75 d
RTN180 15,334 bc 3.57 bc 14,034 bc 3.35 c 12,275 d 3.06 c
RTN240 15,692 b 3.53 bc 13,562 c 3.18 de 10,882 e 2.75 d
SSN0 13,158 e 3.50 cd 12,500 d 3.37 c 6354 g 2.21 e
SSN120 15,023 c 3.62 b 15,853 a 3.76 a 12,042 d 3.10 c
SSN180 16,532 a 3.77 a 16,324 a 3.73 ab 16,225 ab 3.72 a
SSN240 16,858 a 3.72 a 16,299 a 3.63 b 16,524 a 3.66 a
PTN0 12,089 f 3.13 h 10,457 e 2.84 h 5578 g 1.98 f
PTN120 14,216 d 3.31 fg 12,599 d 3.05 fg 11,562 de 2.88 d
PTN180 15,449 bc 3.42 de 14,113 bc 3.21 d 15,357 c 3.40 b
PTN240 15,688 c 3.37 ef 14,336 b 3.17 def 15,519 bc 3.34 b
2021-2022 RTN0 8840 c 2.68 c 9476 e 2.80 de 8476 g 2.61 f
RTN120 13,465 b 3.35 a 11,332 c 2.97 bc 15,179 e 3.65 bcd
RTN180 14,141 b 3.37 a 11,722 c 2.96 bc 16,930 abc 3.83 a
RTN240 13,470 b 3.17 b 11,671 c 2.88 cd 16,184 cd 3.61 bcd
SSN0 9294 c 2.61 c 12,073 c 3.10 b 10,066 f 2.75 e
SSN120 14,019 b 3.25 ab 14,059 b 3.26 a 16,917 abc 3.72 abc
SSN180 15,082 a 3.33 a 14,858 a 3.30 a 17,641 a 3.73 ab
SSN240 15,686 a 3.34 a 14,987 a 3.24 a 17,680 a 3.64 bcd
PTN0 9110 c 2.60 c 8975 e 2.58 f 9729 f 2.71 ef
PTN120 13,387 b 3.18 b 10,437 d 2.70 ef 15,768 de 3.56 d
PTN180 13,955 b 3.19 b 12,106 c 2.90 cd 16,631 bc 3.60 bcd
PTN240 14,043 b 3.12 b 12,223 c 2.85 cd 17,104 ab 3.58 cd
方差分析
ANOVA		 年度Year (Y) 281.3** 406.5** 344.4** 437.6** 3403.5** 2193.4**
耕作方式Tillage (T) 32.5** 51.6** 485.3** 476.8** 133.7** 72.7**
氮肥用量Nitrogen (N) 432.9** 153.1** 220.9** 51.5** 1527.7** 1054.8**
Y×T 0.1 14.5** 5.9* 9.3** 25.4** 55.2**
Y×N 27.5** 32.7** 4.1* 2.5 28.2** 36.0**
T×N 2.9* 2.3 2.6* 2.8* 7.0** 4.9**
Y×T×N 2.0 2.0 1.7 2.0 10.4** 10.2**
[1] Liu Y G, Zhu L, Chen C L. The mechanisms and optimization strategies of tillage practices affecting soil pore structure. Geographical Res Bull, 2025, 4: 507-529.
[2] Zhang W L, Shao J H, Huang K, et al. Deep vertical rotary tillage: a sustainable agricultural practice to improve soil quality and crop yields in China. Agronomy, 2024, 14: 2060.
doi: 10.3390/agronomy14092060
[3] 李金鹏, 黄敬尧, 李中蔚, 等. 不同耕作和施氮模式对淮北地区小麦干物质积累、产量及水分利用效率的影响. 麦类作物学报, 2024, 44: 195-205.
Li J P, Huang J Y, Li Z W, et al. Effects of different tillage and nitrogen application patterns on dry matter accumulation, yield and water use efficiency of wheat in Huaibei region. J Triticeae Crops, 2024, 44: 195-205 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[4] 叶新新, 王冰清, 刘少君, 等. 耕作方式和秸秆还田对砂姜黑土碳库及玉米小麦产量的影响. 农业工程学报, 2019, 35(14): 112-118.
Ye X X, Wang B Q, Liu S J, et al. Influence of tillage and straw retention on soil carbon pool and maize-wheat yield in Shajiang black soil. Trans CSAE, 2019, 35(14): 112-118 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[5] 聂良鹏, 郭利伟, 牛海燕, 等. 轮耕对小麦-玉米两熟农田耕层构造及作物产量与品质的影响. 作物学报, 2015, 41: 468-478.
doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2015.00468
Nie L P, Guo L W, Niu H Y, et al. Effects of rotational tillage on tilth soil structure and crop yield and quality in maize-wheat cropping system. Acta Agron Sin, 2015, 41: 468-478 (in Chinese with English abstract).
doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2015.00468
[6] 王红光, 于振文, 张永丽, 等. 耕作方式对旱地小麦耗水特性和干物质积累的影响. 作物学报, 2012, 38: 675-682.
doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2012.00675
Wang H G, Yu Z W, Zhang Y L, et al. Effects of tillage regimes on water consumption and dry matter accumulation in dryland wheat. Acta Agron Sin, 2012, 38: 675-682 (in Chinese with English abstract).
doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2012.00675
[7] 褚鹏飞, 于振文, 王东, 等. 耕作方式对小麦开花后旗叶水势与叶绿素荧光参数日变化和水分利用效率的影响. 作物学报, 2012, 38: 1051-1061.
doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2012.01051
Chu P F, Yu Z W, Wang D, et al. Effect of tillage mode on diurnal variations of water potential and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of flag leaf after anthesis and water use efficiency in wheat. Acta Agron Sin, 2012, 38: 1051-1061 (in Chinese with English abstract).
doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2012.01051
[8] 郑成岩, 崔世明, 王东, 等. 土壤耕作方式对小麦干物质生产和水分利用效率的影响. 作物学报, 2011, 37: 1432-1440.
doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2011.01432
Zheng C Y, Cui S M, Wang D, et al. Effects of soil tillage practice on dry matter production and water use efficiency in wheat. Acta Agron Sin, 2011, 37: 1432-1440 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[9] 王庆源, 于振文, 石玉, 等. 隔两年深松配合条旋耕显著提升冬小麦的氮素吸收利用效率和产量. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2024, 30: 863-872.
Wang Q Y, Yu Z W, Shi Y, et al. Strip rotary tillage combining with every two-year subsoiling increases the nitrogen use efficiency and yield of winter wheat. J Plant Nutr Fert, 2024, 30: 863-872 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[10] 张娟, 孙敏, 原亚琦, 等. 休闲期耕作对旱地小麦产量及品质的影响. 山西农业大学学报(自然科学版), 2018, 38(12): 15-21.
Zhang J, Sun M, Yuan Y Q, et al. Effects of tillage during fallow period on grain yield and quality of dryland wheat. J Shanxi Agric Univ (Nat Sci Edn), 2018, 38(12): 15-21 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[11] Sun M, Gao Z Q, Zhao W F, et al. Effect of subsoiling in fallow period on soil water storage and grain protein accumulation of dryland wheat and its regulatory effect by nitrogen application. PLoS One, 2013, 8: e75191.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075191
[12] 刘霞, 李青常, 王振林, 等. 施氮水平对小麦籽粒蛋白质组分和加工品质的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2007, 13: 70-76.
Liu X, Li Q C, Wang Z L, et al. Effects of nitrogen rates on grain protein components and processing quality of wheat. Plant Nutr Fert Sci, 2007, 13: 70-76 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[13] Wang S N, Meckling K A, Marcone M F, et al. Synergistic, additive, and antagonistic effects of food mixtures on total antioxidant capacities. J Agric Food Chem, 2011, 59: 960-968.
doi: 10.1021/jf1040977
[14] Yang R, Liang X, Torrion J A, et al. The influence of water and nitrogen availability on the expression of end-use quality parameters of spring wheat. Agronomy, 2018, 8: 257.
doi: 10.3390/agronomy8110257
[15] 唐继伟, 孙文彦, 田昌玉, 等. 不同氮肥类型和用量对小麦产量和加工品质的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2021, 27: 728-740.
Tang J W, Sun W Y, Tian C Y, et al. Effects of different nitrogen sources and rates on the yield and processing quality of winter wheat. J Plant Nutr Fert, 2021, 27: 728-740 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[16] 吴金芝, 黄明, 李友军, 等. 耕作方式和氮肥用量对旱地小麦产量、水分利用效率和种植效益的影响. 水土保持学报, 2021, 35(5): 264-271.
Wu J Z, Huang M, Li Y J, et al. Effects of tillage practices and nitrogen rates on grain yield, water use efficiency and planting profit in winter wheat in dryland. J Soil Water Conserv, 2021, 35(5): 264-271 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[17] 孙敏, 高志强, 赵维峰, 等. 休闲期深松配施氮肥对旱地土壤水分及小麦籽粒蛋白质积累的影响. 作物学报, 2014, 40: 1286-1295.
doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2014.01286
Sun M, Gao Z Q, Zhao W F, et al. Effect of subsoiling in fallow period and nitrogen application on soil moisture and grain protein accumulation in dryland wheat. Acta Agron Sin, 2014, 40: 1286-1295 (in Chinese with English abstract).
doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2014.01286
[18] 黄明, 吴金芝, 李友军, 等. 耕作方式和秸秆覆盖对旱地麦豆轮作下小麦籽粒产量、蛋白质含量和土壤硝态氮残留的影响. 草业学报, 2018, 27(9): 34-44.
doi: 10.11686/cyxb2017439
Huang M, Wu J Z, Li Y J, et al. Effects of tillage method and straw mulching on grain yield and protein content in wheat and soil nitrate residue under a winter wheat and summer soybean crop rotation in drylands. Acta Pratac Sin, 2018, 27(9): 34-44 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[19] 熊淑萍, 王静, 王小纯, 等. 耕作方式及施氮量对砂姜黑土区小麦氮代谢及籽粒产量和蛋白质含量的影响. 植物生态学报, 2014, 38: 767-775.
doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00072
Xiong S P, Wang J, Wang X C, et al. Effects of tillage and nitrogen addition rate on nitrogen metabolism, grain yield and protein content in wheat in lime concretion black soil region. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2014, 38: 767-775 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[20] 王福玉, 陈贵菊, 孙雷明, 等. 耕作方式与施氮量互作对小麦生长、产量与品质的影响. 中国农学通报, 2022, 38(9): 20-26.
doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0450
Wang F Y, Chen G J, Sun L M, et al. Interaction between tillage modes and nitrogen application rates: effects on the growth, yield and quality of wheat. Chin Agric Sci Bull, 2022, 38(9): 20-26 (in Chinese with English abstract).
doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0450
[21] 王彬. 限水灌溉下极端晚播冬小麦的产量形成与水氮利用特征. 中国农业大学博士学位论文, 北京, 2016.
Wang B. Characteristics of Yield Formation and Water-nitrogen Use in Extremely-late Sown Winter Wheat with Increased Seeding Rate under Limited Irrigation. PhD Dissertation of China Agricultural University, Beijing, China, 2016 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[22] Zhao K N, Wang H T, Wu J Z, et al. One-off irrigation improves water and nitrogen use efficiency and productivity of wheat as mediated by nitrogen rate and tillage in drought-prone areas. Field Crops Res, 2023, 295: 108898.
doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2023.108898
[23] 祁小平, 李广, 闫丽娟, 等. 耕作和施肥方式对陇中旱作春小麦氮素利用与硝态氮残留的影响. 麦类作物学报, 2023, 43: 477-486.
Qi X P, Li G, Yan L J, et al. Effects of tillage and fertilization methods on nitrogen use efficiency and nitrate residue of spring wheat in dry farming of central Gansu province. J Triticeae Crops, 2023, 43: 477-486 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[24] 朱新开, 周君良, 封超年, 等. 不同类型专用小麦籽粒蛋白质及其组分含量变化动态差异分析. 作物学报, 2005, 31: 342-347.
Zhu X K, Zhou J L, Feng C N, et al. Differences of protein and its component accumulation in wheat for different end uses. Acta Agron Sin, 2005, 31: 342-347 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[25] 何照范. 粮油籽粒品质及其分析技术. 北京: 农业出版社, 1985. pp 57-60.
He Z F. Grain Quality of Grain and Oil and Its Analysis Technology. Beijing: Agriculture Press, 1985. pp 57-60 (in Chinese).
[26] 李盼, 陈桂平, 苟志文, 等. 绿洲灌区春小麦光能利用与水分生产效益对秸秆还田方式的响应. 作物学报, 2023, 49: 1316-1326.
doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.21037
Li P, Chen G P, Gou Z W, et al. Response on light energy utilization and water production benefit of spring wheat to straw retention in an oasis irrigated area. Acta Agron Sin, 2023, 49: 1316-1326 (in Chinese with English abstract).
doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.21037
[27] 郑成岩, 于振文, 张永丽, 等. 土壤深松和补灌对小麦干物质生产及水分利用率的影响. 生态学报, 2013, 33: 2260-2271.
Zheng C Y, Yu Z W, Zhang Y L, et al. Effects of subsoiling and supplemental irrigation on dry matter production and water use efficiency in wheat. Acta Ecol Sin, 2013, 33: 2260-2271 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[28] 梁海, 陈宝成, 韩惠芳, 等. 深松35 cm可改善潮棕壤理化性质并提高小麦和玉米产量. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2019, 25: 1879-1886.
Liang H, Chen B C, Han H F, et al. Subsoiling 35 cm in depth improve soil physicochemical properties and increase grain yields of wheat and maize in aquic brown soil. J Plant Nutr Fert, 2019, 25: 1879-1886 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[29] 李文倩, 韩明明, 张海军, 等. 耕作措施和施氮量对小麦籽粒产量、籽粒蛋白质含量和氮素利用率的影响. 中国农学通报, 2024, 40(14): 1-12.
doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0477
Li W Q, Han M M, Zhang H J, et al. Effects of tillage practices and nitrogen rates on grain yield, grain protein content and nitrogen use efficiency in wheat. Chin Agric Sci Bull, 2024, 40(14): 1-12 (in Chinese with English abstract).
doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0477
[30] Wang D, Liu S, Guo M, et al. Optimizing nitrogen fertilization and irrigation practices for enhanced winter wheat productivity in the North China Plain: a meta-analysis. Plants, 2025, 14: 1686.
doi: 10.3390/plants14111686
[31] 石玉, 谷淑波, 于振文, 等. 不同品质类型小麦籽粒贮藏蛋白组分含量及相关酶活性. 作物学报, 2011, 37: 2030-2038.
doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2011.02030
Shi Y, Gu S B, Yu Z W, et al. Contents of protein components stored in grains and activities of related enzymes in wheat cultivars in different quality types. Acta Agron Sin, 2011, 37: 2030-2038 (in Chinese with English abstract).
doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2011.02030
[32] 王荣荣, 徐宁璐, 黄修利, 等. 一次灌溉和氮肥运筹对旱地小麦籽粒产量和品质的影响. 中国农业科学, 2025, 58: 43-57.
doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.01.004
Wang R R, Xu N L, Huang X L, et al. Effects of one-off irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer management on grain yield and quality in dryland wheat. Sci Agric Sin, 2025, 58: 43-57 (in Chinese with English abstract).
doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.01.004
[33] 孟维伟, 王东, 于振文. 施氮量对小麦氮代谢相关酶活性和籽粒蛋白质品质的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2012, 18: 10-17.
Meng W W, Wang D, Yu Z W. Effects of nitrogen fertilization on activities of nitrogen metabolism related enzymes and grain protein quality of wheat. Plant Nutr Fert Sci, 2012, 18: 10-17 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[34] 徐凤娇, 赵广才, 田奇卓, 等. 施氮量对不同品质类型小麦产量和加工品质的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2012, 18: 300-306.
Xu F J, Zhao G C, Tian Q Z, et al. Effects of nitrogen fertilization on grain yield and processing quality of different wheat genotypes. Plant Nutr Fert Sci, 2012, 18: 300-306 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[35] 李秋霞, 王晨阳, 马冬云, 等. 灌水及施氮对高产区小麦产量及品质性状的影响. 麦类作物学报, 2014, 34: 102-107.
Li Q X, Wang C Y, Ma D Y, et al. Effects of irrigation and nitrogen application on grain yield, protein content and quality traits of winter wheat in high-yielding area. J Triticeae Crops, 2014, 34: 102-107 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[36] 董志强, 吕丽华, 姚艳荣, 等. 水氮互作下强筋小麦师栾02-1产量和品质. 作物学报, 2023, 49: 1942-1953.
doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.21049
Dong Z Q, Lyu L H, Yao Y R, et al. Yield and quality of strong gluten wheat Shiluan 02-1 under water and nitrogen interaction. Acta Agron Sin, 2023, 49: 1942-1953 (in Chinese with English abstract).
doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.21049
[37] Zörb C, Ludewig U, Hawkesford M J. Perspective on wheat yield and quality with reduced nitrogen supply. Trends Plant Sci, 2018, 23: 1029-1037.
doi: S1360-1385(18)30192-4 pmid: 30249481
[38] 吴金芝, 汪洪涛, 侯园泉, 等. 提升雨养夏玉米-冬小麦两熟体系生产力和土壤硝态氮累积的最优耕作模式. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2023, 29: 614-627.
Wu J Z, Wang H T, Hou Y Q, et al. Optimum tillage pattern with high crop productivity and soil nitrate-N accumulation in rain-fed summer maize and winter wheat double cropping system. J Plant Nutr Fert, 2023, 29: 614-627 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[39] Xia H Y, Xue Y F, Liu D Y, et al. Rational application of fertilizer nitrogen to soil in combination with foliar Zn spraying improved Zn nutritional quality of wheat grains. Front Plant Sci, 2018, 9: 677.
doi: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00677 pmid: 29881394
[40] 李孟华, 于荣, 杨月娥, 等. 低锌旱地土壤水分对小麦产量和锌利用的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2016, 22: 388-394.
Li M H, Yu R, Yang Y E, et al. Effects of soil moisture on wheat grain yield and zinc utilization in zinc-deficient dryland soil. J Plant Nutr Fert, 2016, 22: 388-394 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[41] Li M, Wang S X, Tian X H, et al. Zn distribution and bioavailability in whole grain and grain fractions of winter wheat as affected by applications of soil N and foliar Zn combined with N or P. J Cereal Sci, 2015, 61: 26-32.
doi: 10.1016/j.jcs.2014.09.009
[42] 常旭虹, 赵广才, 王德梅, 等. 生态环境与施氮量协同对小麦籽粒微量元素含量的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2014, 20: 885-895.
Chang X H, Zhao G C, Wang D M, et al. Effects of ecological environment and nitrogen application rate on microelement contents of wheat grain. J Plant Nutr Fert, 2014, 20: 885-895 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[43] 郭双双, 张敏, 付陈陈, 等. 灌水量对强筋小麦上三叶氮素代谢和籽粒加工品质的影响. 麦类作物学报, 2023, 43: 205-214.
Guo S S, Zhang M, Fu C C, et al. Effect of irrigation amount on nitrogen metabolism of top-three leaves and grain processing quality of strong gluten wheat. J Triticeae Crops, 2023, 43: 205-214 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[44] Xue Y F, Eagling T, He J B, et al. Effects of nitrogen on the distribution and chemical speciation of iron and zinc in pearling fractions of wheat grain. J Agric Food Chem, 2014, 62: 4738-4746.
doi: 10.1021/jf500273x
[1] Jin Xin-Xin, Su Qiao, Song Ya-Hui, Zhao Ji-Yu, Yang Yong-Qing, Wang Jin. Effect of planting density on dry matter production and yield of semi-creeping and erect peanut [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2026, 52(7): 2219-2230.
[2] Jiang Yu-Fan, Yang Wan-Qing, Deng Yuan-Kai, Jiang Jun-Long, Wang Ruo-Yu, Chen Ling, Ning Qiang, Liu Yi-Ke, Zhu Zhan-Wang, He Zhong-Hu, Hao Yuan-Feng, Fang Zheng-Wu, Ding Fu-Gong. QTL mapping and validation of grain-related traits in a wheat RIL population [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2026, 52(7): 1997-2012.
[3] Xu Jia-Yi, Liu Yu-Hang, Xu Bing-Jie, Xu Ming, Wang Ru-Juan, Chai Sha-Sha, Liu Hong-Juan. Physiological mechanisms by which transplanting method and density interact to regulate photosynthate production, translocation, and partitioning in sweet potato [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2026, 52(7): 2127-2143.
[4] Zhang Guo-Chao, Wang Yun-Jie, Chang Qiao-Ling, Hou Si-Yu, Fan Zhi-Long, Yin Wen, Hu Fa-Long, Chai Qiang. Effects of intercropped green manure and irrigation quota on water use characteristics and water productivity of maize in an oasis irrigation district [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2026, 52(7): 2180-2192.
[5] Tan Xiao-Qiang, Wang Jian, Kuai Jie, Wang Bo, Wang Jing, Xu Zheng-Hua, Zhao Jie, Zhang Peng-Peng, Zhang Jian, Zhou Guang-Sheng. Synergistic monitoring of rapeseed based on nitrogen nutrition index and comprehensive growth index [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2026, 52(7): 2109-2126.
[6] Yang Wan-Qing, Jiang Yu-Fan, Liu Yi-De, Liu Yi-Ke, Ning Qiang, Wang Shu-Ping. Identification of the wheat ANK gene family and analysis of its response to Fusarium graminearum infection [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2026, 52(7): 2013-2026.
[7] Xiao Hong, Li Bing-Lin, Liao Bo, Xiao Guo-Bin, Lyu Wei-Sheng, Ren Tao, Lu Zhi-Feng, Lu Jian-Wei. Effects of exogenous magnesium spraying at the final flowering stage on rapeseed yield and silique development [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2026, 52(7): 2084-2094.
[8] Liu Feng, Dong Hong-Wei, Zhang Yue, Li Ran, Sun Ruo-Nan, Liu Jia-Cheng, Sun Shu-Jie, Zhang Xu-Dong, Han Qing-Fang. Photosynthetic mechanisms underlying yield stability under reduced nitrogen in maize-soybean intercropping: enhanced conversion efficiency of photosynthates [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2026, 52(7): 2095-2108.
[9] Zhai Sheng-Nan, Cao Xin-You, Li Hao-Sheng, Li Ji-Hu, Li Fa-Ji, Liu Jin-Dong, Xia Xian-Chun, Lyu Ying-Ying, Ma Rui-Feng, Wang Ying, Geng Hong-Wei, Liu Jian-Jun. Analysis of the genetic effects of allelic variation at the Pod-A1, Pod-D1, and Pod-2D loci on peroxidase activity in wheat grains [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2026, 52(6): 1593-1603.
[10] Xi Qian-Hui, Xu Zi-Yuan, Liu Meng-Meng, Wang Hong-Yi, Lang Kai-Lin, Jing Zhen-Hai, Chen Feng, Zhao Lei. Genome-wide association study and candidate gene prediction of grain copper content in wheat [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2026, 52(6): 1604-1617.
[11] Mao Jia-Qi, Huang Peng-Yu, Zhao Jia-Jia, Zheng Xing-Wei, Wu Bang-Bang, Hao Yu-Qiong, Qu Fei, Liu Cheng, Ma Peng-Tao, Zheng Jun. Evaluation of powdery mildew resistance in wheat cultivars and molecular detection of resistance genes in Shanxi province, China [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2026, 52(6): 1669-1681.
[12] Chen Xue-Yan, He Hua-Chuan, Li Zheng-Jia, Dong Xin-Pan, Li Ou-Qi, Liu Xiao-Yun, Li Dan-Ping, Chen Zhi-Wei, Liu Guo-Xia, Lyu Sheng-Yuan, Wu Yin-Ying, Zhao Zhen-Dong, Cao Xin-You, Wan He-Ping. Dynamic changes in root organic acid secretion and its transcriptional regulatory mechanisms in ‘Jimai 60’ seedlings under combined salinity-alkalinity stress in hydroponics [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2026, 52(6): 1859-1875.
[13] Gao Pei-Yang, Li Jin-Xuan, Dong Yu-Kui, Shi Yu, Zhang Zhen, Zhang Yong-Li. Response of wheat tillering and spike formation to nitrogen rate under supplementary irrigation based on soil moisture content [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2026, 52(6): 1847-1858.
[14] Liang Jin-Yu, Yin Jia-De, Wang Hong-Li, Zhang Guo-Ping, Hou Hui-Zhi, Dong Bo, Ma Ming-Sheng. Estimation of leaf nitrogen content in dryland forage maize using UAV-based hyperspectral imaging and machine learning [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2026, 52(6): 1788-1801.
[15] Ma Sheng-Qian, Wang Zhi-Ping, Chen Hao-Tian, Dou Shu-Xian, Zhang Yan, Deng Ai-Xing, Zhang Wei-Jian, Yuan Xiang-Yang, Song Zhen-Wei. Effects of tillage methods and nitrogen application rate on maize yield and soil aggregates in northeastern China under straw returning [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2026, 52(6): 1802-1816.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
[1] Li Shaoqing, Li Yangsheng, Wu Fushun, Liao Jianglin, Li Damo. Optimum Fertilization and Its Corresponding Mechanism under Complete Submergence at Booting Stage in Rice[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2002, 28(01): 115 -120 .
[2] Wang Lanzhen;Mi Guohua;Chen Fanjun;Zhang Fusuo. Response to Phosphorus Deficiency of Two Winter Wheat Cultivars with Different Yield Components[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2003, 29(06): 867 -870 .
[3] WANG Yan;QIU Li-Ming;XIE Wen-Juan;HUANG Wei;YE Feng;ZHANG Fu-Chun;MA Ji. Cold Tolerance of Transgenic Tobacco Carrying Gene Encoding Insect Antifreeze Protein[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2008, 34(03): 397 -402 .
[4] ZHENG Xi;WU Jian-Guo;LOU Xiang-Yang;XU Hai-Ming;SHI Chun-Hai. Mapping and Analysis of QTLs on Maternal and Endosperm Genomes for Histidine and Arginine in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) across Environments[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2008, 34(03): 369 -375 .
[5] XING Guang-Nan, ZHOU Bin, ZHAO Tuan-Jie, YU De-Yue, XING Han, HEN Shou-Yi, GAI Jun-Yi. Mapping QTLs of Resistance to Megacota cribraria (Fabricius) in Soybean[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2008, 34(03): 361 -368 .
[6] ZHENG Yong-Mei;DING Yan-Feng;WANG Qiang-Sheng;LI Gang-Hua;WANG Hui-Zhi;WANG Shao-Hua. Effect of Nitrogen Applied before Transplanting on Tillering and Nitrogen Utilization in Rice[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2008, 34(03): 513 -519 .
[7] QIN En-Hua;YANG Lan-Fang;. Selenium Content in Seedling and Selenium Forms in Rhizospheric Soil of Nicotiana tabacum L.[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2008, 34(03): 506 -512 .
[8] LÜ Li-Hua;TAO Hong-Bin;XIA Lai-Kun; HANG Ya-Jie;ZHAO Ming;ZHAO Jiu-Ran;WANG Pu;. Canopy Structure and Photosynthesis Traits of Summer Maize under Different Planting Densities[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2008, 34(03): 447 -455 .
[9] Zhang Shubiao;Yang Rencui. Some Biological Character of eui-hybrid Rice[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2003, 29(06): 919 -924 .
[10] SHAO Rui-Xin;SHANG-GUAN Zhou-Ping. Effects of Exogenous Nitric Oxide Donor Sodium Nitroprusside on Photosynthetic Pigment Content and Light Use Capability of PS II in Wheat under Water Stress[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2008, 34(05): 818 -822 .
Add: No. 80 Xueyuan South Rd, Beijing 100081, P. R. China E-mail: zwxb301@caas.cn
Supported by Beijing Magtech Co.Ltd