秸秆还田下耕作方式与氮肥施用量对东北玉米产量及土壤团聚体的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2026.53066

Abstract

Abstract:

Northeastern China is a major maize-producing region, but decades of unsustainable tillage practices and excessive nitrogen fertilization have degraded black soils and threatened the sustainable production of maize. Conservation tillage practices based on straw return and reduced or no tillage are key approaches to improving soil quality and maintaining crop productivity, and optimizing nitrogen inputs is essential for enhancing resource-use efficiency. To determine suitable tillage practices and optimal nitrogen rates under straw incorporation, and to promote coordinated improvements in maize yield and soil quality in northeastern China, a fixed-site field experiment was conducted from 2022 to 2024 at Yanjiagang farm, Harbin, Heilongjiang province. The experiment used a split-plot design with tillage as the main-plot factor—conventional tillage (CT), rotary tillage (RT), strip tillage (ST), and no tillage (NT)—and nitrogen rate as the subplot factor: 0 (N0), 135 (N1), 180 (N2), and 225 kg hm^-2 (N3) as pure N. Across the three years, mean grain yield ranked ST > CT > RT > NT, although differences among tillage treatments were not significant. Relative to NT, ST increased yield by 14.5% in 2023 and 6.6% in 2024, with no significant differences between ST and CT or RT. Nitrogen rate significantly increased yield (P < 0.001); yield under N2 and N3 were 183.1%-217.2% higher than under N0. No significant tillage×nitrogen interaction was detected for yield. Mean soil bulk density in the 0-20 cm layer followed the order NT > ST > RT > CT, with significant differences among tillage treatments; NT was 20.2%-31.4% higher than CT. Both tillage and nitrogen rate significantly affected aggregate-size distribution, mean weight diameter (MWD), and geometric mean diameter (GMD) (P < 0.05). NT increased the proportion of 0.250-2.000 mm aggregates in the 0-20 cm layer by 23.7%-56.7%, and MWD and GMD ranked NT > RT > ST > CT. The N2 and N3 treatments increased the proportion of 0.250-2.000 mm aggregates by 9.2%-29.7% and decreased the proportion of < 0.053 mm aggregates by 30.3%-51.5%. Correlation analysis showed significant positive associations between tillage practice and nitrogen rate under straw return and maize yield (P < 0.01), and the ST treatment achieved the maximum yield at an estimated N rate of 200.2 kg hm^-2. Overall, under straw incorporation, strip tillage combined with 180-225 kg hm^-2 N can achieve high maize yield while improving soil aggregation, and is therefore recommended for the cold regions of northeastern China.

Key words: straw returning, conservation tillage, nitrogen application rate, soil aggregates, grain yield

Ma Sheng-Qian, Wang Zhi-Ping, Chen Hao-Tian, Dou Shu-Xian, Zhang Yan, Deng Ai-Xing, Zhang Wei-Jian, Yuan Xiang-Yang, Song Zhen-Wei. Effects of tillage methods and nitrogen application rate on maize yield and soil aggregates in northeastern China under straw returning[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2026, 52(6): 1802-1816.

Figures/Tables 11

Fig. 1

Table 1

Operational details of tillage methods"

耕作方式 Tillage method	操作细节 Operation details
翻耕 Conventional tillage (CT)	当年秋季进行翻耕作业, 将秸秆翻至土壤30 cm以下, 并进行耙地打破较大的块状土壤并平整土地, 第2年播种前进行起垄作业, 采用常规播种机进行播种与施肥一体化作业 In the autumn, plowing operations were carried out to turn the straw into the soil below 30 cm, followed breaking up large clods of soil and harrowing to level the land surface. Before sowing in the following year, ridging operations were conducted, and conventional seeders were used for sowing and applying fertilizer
旋耕 Rotary tillage (RT)	当年秋季进行旋耕作业, 将秸秆旋耕至0-20 cm土壤层内, 第2年播种前进行起垄作业, 并采用常规播种机进行播种与施肥一体化作业 In the autumn, rotary tillage was performed to incorporate the straw into the 0-20 cm soil layer. Before sowing in the following year, ridging operations were carried out, and conventional seeders were used for sowing and applying fertilizer
条带耕作 Strip tillage (ST)	当年秋季采用条耕机在玉米行间进行旋耕作业, 将秸秆旋耕至0-15 cm土壤层内, 旋耕带宽20 cm左右, 其余土壤保持免耕秸秆覆盖, 第2年春季采用免耕播种机进行播种与施肥一体化作业 In the autumn, a strip-till machine was used to perform rotary tillage between the corn rows, incorporating the straw into the 0-15 cm soil layer. The tilled strip width was approximately 20 cm, while the remaining soil was maintained under no-till with straw mulch. In the spring of the following year, a no-till planter was used for sowing and applying fertilizer
免耕 No tillage (NT)	保持秸秆覆盖不进行任何耕作处理, 第2年春季采用免耕播种机进行播种与施肥一体化作业 Maintain straw mulch without any tillage, and in the spring of the following year, use a no-till planter for direct seeding and applying fertilizer

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Table 6

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

References 53

[1]	中华人民共和国国家统计局. 中国统计年鉴. 北京: 中国统计出版社, 2024.
	National Bureau of Statistics of the People’s Republic of China. China Statistical Yearbook. Beijing: China Statistics Press, 2024 (in Chinese).
[2]	Liu X B, Zhang X Y, Wang Y X, et al. Soil degradation: a problem threatening the sustainable development of agriculture in Northeast China. Plant Soil Environ, 2010, 56: 87-97. doi: 10.17221/155/2009-PSE
[3]	王冰洁, 秦诗涵, 李德成, 等. 黑龙江省嫩江市土壤容重空间分布格局及传递函数构建. 中国农业科学, 2025, 58: 1791-1803. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.09.009
	Wang B J, Qin S H, Li D C, et al. Spatial distribution pattern and transfer function construction of soil bulk density in Nenjiang city, Heilongjiang province. Sci Agric Sin, 2025, 58: 1791-1803 (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.09.009
[4]	温涛, 田晓晖, 龚斌磊, 等. 加快建设农业强国的实现路径: 《加快建设农业强国规划(2024-2035年)》颁布实施笔谈. 西南大学学报(社会科学版), 2025, 51(2): 1-20.
	Wen T, Tian X H, Gong B L, et al. Measures of accelerating building of a country strong in agriculture: a panel discussion on the issuing and implementing the plan for accelerating building a country strong in agriculture (2024-2035). J Southwest Univ (Soc Sci Edn), 2025, 51(2): 1-20 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[5]	朱勇, 李建业, 张程远, 等. 长期保护性耕作对坡耕地黑土有机碳组分的影响. 农业工程学报, 2023, 39(10): 103-111.
	Zhu Y, Li J Y, Zhang C Y, et al. Effects of long-term conservation tillage on black soil organic carbon components in sloping farmland. Trans CSAE, 2023, 39(10): 103-111 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[6]	Ahmad N, Virk A L, Hafeez M B, et al. Effects of different tillage and residue management systems on soil organic carbon stock and grain yield of rice-wheat double cropping system. Ecol Indic, 2024, 158: 111452. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2023.111452
[7]	黄颖博, 汤文光, 肖小平, 等. 稻田不同种植模式对土壤养分表观平衡和氮素生产效率的影响. 应用生态学报, 2019, 30: 1119-1126.
	Huang Y B, Tang W G, Xiao X P, et al. Effects of different cropping patterns on soil nutrient apparent balance and nitrogen production efficiency in paddy fields. Chin J Appl Ecol, 2019, 30: 1119-1126 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[8]	梁文举, 董元华, 李英滨, 等. 土壤健康的生物学表征与调控. 应用生态学报, 2021, 32: 719-728. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202102.041
	Liang W J, Dong Y H, Li Y B, et al. Biological characterization and regulation of soil health. Chin J Appl Ecol, 2021, 32: 719-728 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[9]	刘淑军, 李冬初, 黄晶, 等. 近30年来我国小麦和玉米秸秆资源时空变化特征及还田减肥潜力. 中国农业科学, 2023, 56: 3140-3155. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.16.008
	Liu S J, Li D C, Huang J, et al. Spatial-temporal variation characteristics of wheat and maize stalk resources and chemical fertilizer reduction potential of returning to farmland in recent 30 years in China. Sci Agric Sin, 2023, 56: 3140-3155 (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.16.008
[10]	王雪, 佟丙辛, 李长青, 等. 免耕技术对三大粮食作物的区域产量效应及其影响因素的Meta分析. 农业工程学报, 2024, 40(16): 133-142.
	Wang X, Tong B X, Li C Q, et al. Influencing factors of no-tillage on the regional yield of wheat, maize, and rice using Meta-analysis. Trans CSAE, 2024, 40(16): 133-142 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[11]	Dou S X, Wang Z P, Tong J C, et al. Strip tillage promotes crop yield in comparison with no tillage based on a meta-analysis. Soil Tillage Res, 2024, 240: 106085. doi: 10.1016/j.still.2024.106085
[12]	曹玉军, 姚凡云, 王丹, 等. 不同栽培技术因子对雨养春玉米产量与氮素效率差异的影响. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53: 3036-3047. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.15.005
	Cao Y J, Yao F Y, Wang D, et al. Effects of different agronomy factors on yield gap and nitrogen efficiency gap of spring maize under rain-fed conditions. Sci Agric Sin, 2020, 53: 3036-3047 (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.15.005
[13]	陈绪昊, 高强, 陈新平, 等. 东北三省玉米生产资源投入和环境效应的时空特征. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55: 3170-3184. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.16.009
	Chen X H, Gao Q, Chen X P, et al. Temporal and spatial characteristics of resources input and environmental effects for maize production in the three provinces of Northeast China. Sci Agric Sin, 2022, 55: 3170-3184 (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.16.009
[14]	张福锁, 王激清, 张卫峰, 等. 中国主要粮食作物肥料利用率现状与提高途径. 土壤学报, 2008, 45: 915-924.
	Zhang F S, Wang J Q, Zhang W F, et al. Nutrient use efficiencies of major cereal crops in China and measures for improvement. Acta Pedol Sin, 2008, 45: 915-924 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[15]	郑宾, 赵伟, 徐铮, 等. 不同耕作方式与氮肥类型对夏玉米光合性能的影响. 作物学报, 2017, 43: 925-934. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2017.00925
	Zheng B, Zhao W, Xu Z, et al. Effects of tillage methods and nitrogen fertilizer types on photosynthetic performance of summer maize. Acta Agron Sin, 2017, 43: 925-934 (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2017.00925
[16]	李翔宇, 季欣杰, 王雪莲, 等. 秸秆还田配施氮肥对春玉米产量和籽粒品质的影响. 作物学报, 2025, 51: 696-712. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.43031
	Li X Y, Ji X J, Wang X L, et al. Effects of straw returning combined with nitrogen fertilizer on yield and grain quality of spring maize. Acta Agron Sin, 2025, 51: 696-712 (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.43031
[17]	Xi H, Jia M Y, Kuzyakov Y, et al. Key decomposers of straw depending on tillage and fertilization. Agric Ecosyst Environ, 2023, 358: 108717. doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2023.108717
[18]	吕丽华, 陶洪斌, 夏来坤, 等. 不同种植密度下的夏玉米冠层结构及光合特性. 作物学报, 2008, 34: 447-455. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2008.00447
	Lyu L H, Tao H B, Xia L K, et al. Canopy structure and photosynthetic traits of summer maize under different planting densities. Acta Agron Sin, 2008, 34: 447-455 (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2008.00447
[19]	Abed Gatea AL-SHAMMARY A, Kouzani A Z, Kaynak A, et al. Soil bulk density estimation methods: a review. Pedosphere, 2018, 28: 581-596. doi: 10.1016/S1002-0160(18)60034-7
[20]	Zhou M, Liu C Z, Wang J, et al. Soil aggregates stability and storage of soil organic carbon respond to cropping systems on black soils of Northeast China. Sci Rep, 2020, 10: 265. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-57193-1 pmid: 31937821
[21]	王玉凤, 陈天宇, 付健, 等. 不同耕作方式对松嫩平原半干旱区玉米生长和产量的影响. 玉米科学, 2022, 30(2): 104-111.
	Wang Y F, Chen T Y, Fu J, et al. Effects of tillage methods on maize growth and yield in semiarid area of Songnen plain. J Maize Sci, 2022, 30(2): 104-111 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[22]	刘秋霞, 董二伟, 黄晓磊, 等. 不同生态区高粱籽粒产量和品质对氮肥施用的响应. 作物学报, 2023, 49: 2766-2776.
	Liu Q X, Dong E W, Huang X L, et al. Response of sorghum grain yield and quality to nitrogen application in different ecozones. Acta Agron Sin, 2023, 49: 2766-2776 (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.34004
[23]	赵阔礼, 吴敏, 周勇. 浅谈水稻栽培及病虫害绿色防控技术要点. 种子科技, 2023, 41(10): 100-102.
	Zhao K L, Wu M, Zhou Y. Brief discussion on the key points of rice cultivation and green prevention and control techniques for diseases and pests. Seed Sci Technol, 2023, 41(10): 100-102 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[24]	屈佳伟, 田磊, 于长生, 等. 耕作方式与秸秆还田对土壤物理性状及春玉米产量的影响. 玉米科学, 2024, 32(8): 55-62.
	Qu J W, Tian L, Yu C S, et al. Effects of tillage methods and straw returning on soil physical properties and yield of spring maize. J Maize Sci, 2024, 32(8): 55-62 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[25]	Zhang Q, Wang S L, Sun Y G, et al. Conservation tillage improves soil water storage, spring maize (Zea mays L.) yield and WUE in two types of seasonal rainfall distributions. Soil Tillage Res, 2022, 215: 105237. doi: 10.1016/j.still.2021.105237
[26]	Achankeng E, Cornelis W. Conservation tillage effects on European crop yields: a meta-analysis. Field Crops Res, 2023, 298: 108967. doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2023.108967
[27]	石梦迪, 于乔乔, 蒋文月, 等. 带旋和全旋耕作对稻茬小麦生长和土壤理化性质的影响. 农业工程学报, 2023, 39(8): 65-75.
	Shi M D, Yu Q Q, Jiang W Y, et al. Effects of the strip rotary and full rotary tillage on the wheat growth and soil physicochemical properties in rice stubble. Trans CSAE, 2023, 39(8): 65-75 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[28]	Chen N N, Zhao X, Dou S X, et al. The tradeoff between maintaining maize (Zea mays L.) productivity and improving soil quality under conservation tillage practice in semi-arid region of Northeast China. Agriculture, 2023, 13: 508. doi: 10.3390/agriculture13020508
[29]	Qian Y Q, Zhang Z B, Jiang F H, et al. Impacts of tillage treatments on soil physical properties and maize growth at two sites under different climatic conditions in black soil region of Northeast China. Soil Tillage Res, 2025, 248: 106471. doi: 10.1016/j.still.2025.106471
[30]	Mikha M M, Hergert G W, Qiao X, et al. Soil chemical properties after 12 years of tillage and crop rotation. Agron J, 2020, 112: 4395-4406. doi: 10.1002/agj2.v112.5
[31]	赵鹏, 陈阜. 秸秆还田配施化学氮肥对冬小麦氮效率和产量的影响. 作物学报, 2008, 34: 1014-1018. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2008.01014
	Zhao P, Chen F. Effects of straw mulching plus nitrogen fertilizer on nitrogen efficiency and grain yield in winter wheat. Acta Agron Sin, 2008, 34: 1014-1018 (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2008.01014
[32]	王鹏飞, 于爱忠, 王凤, 等. 干旱地区绿肥还田条件下减氮对玉米农艺性状、产量及籽粒品质的影响. 中国农业科学, 2025, 58: 2552-2563. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.13.005
	Wang P F, Yu A Z, Wang F, et al. Effects of reducing nitrogen application on maize agronomic traits, grain yield and quality under green manure returning to field system in arid areas. Sci Agric Sin, 2025, 58: 2552-2563 (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.13.005
[33]	Ji J H, Liu S Q, Hao X Y, et al. Effects of different nitrogen fertilizer rates on spring maize yield and soil nitrogen balance under straw returning conditions of cold regions. Plants, 2025, 14: 3087. doi: 10.3390/plants14193087
[34]	Xing Y Y, Mi F Y, Wang X K. Effects of different nitrogen fertilizer types and application rates on maize yield and nitrogen use efficiency in Loess Plateau of China. J Soils Sediments, 2022, 22: 1938-1958. doi: 10.1007/s11368-022-03210-2
[35]	Feng X M, Hao Y B, Latifmanesh H, et al. Effects of subsoiling tillage on soil properties, maize root distribution, and grain yield on mollisols of Northeastern China. Agron J, 2018, 110: 1607-1615. doi: 10.2134/agronj2018.01.0027
[36]	宋振伟, 郭金瑞, 任军, 等. 耕作方式对东北雨养区玉米光合与叶绿素荧光特性的影响. 应用生态学报, 2013, 24: 1900-1906.
	Song Z W, Guo J R, Ren J, et al. Effects of tillage patterns on photosynthetic and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of maize in rainfed area of Northeast China. Chin J Appl Ecol, 2013, 24: 1900-1906 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[37]	付国占, 李潮海, 王俊忠, 等. 残茬覆盖与耕作方式对土壤性状及夏玉米水分利用效率的影响. 农业工程学报, 2005, 21(1): 52-56.
	Fu G Z, Li C H, Wang J Z, et al. Effects of stubble mulch and tillage managements on soil physical properties and water use efficiency of summer maize. Trans CSAE, 2005, 21(1): 52-56 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[38]	Zhao H L, Shar A G, Li S, et al. Effect of straw return mode on soil aggregation and aggregate carbon content in an annual maize-wheat double cropping system. Soil Tillage Res, 2018, 175: 178-186. doi: 10.1016/j.still.2017.09.012
[39]	张鹏, 贾志宽, 王维, 等. 秸秆还田对宁南半干旱地区土壤团聚体特征的影响. 中国农业科学, 2012, 45: 1513-1520. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2012.08.007
	Zhang P, Jia Z K, Wang W, et al. Effects of straw returning on characteristics of soil aggregates in semi-arid area in Southern Ningxia of China. Sci Agric Sin, 2012, 45: 1513-1520 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[40]	邬小春, 马向峰, 杨晓军, 等. 不同耕作方式对西北地区春玉米土壤物理性状及产量的影响. 玉米科学, 2020, 28(3): 127-134.
	Wu X C, Ma X F, Yang X J, et al. Effects of different tillage methods on soil physical properties and yield of spring maize in Northwest China. J Maize Sci, 2020, 28(3): 127-134 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[41]	Alvarez R, Steinbach H S. A review of the effects of tillage systems on some soil physical properties, water content, nitrate availability and crops yield in the Argentine Pampas. Soil Tillage Res, 2009, 104: 1-15. doi: 10.1016/j.still.2009.02.005
[42]	孙智超, 张吉旺. 弱光胁迫影响玉米产量形成的生理机制及调控效应. 作物学报, 2023, 49: 12-23. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.13064
	Sun Z C, Zhang J W. Physiological mechanism and regulation effect of low light on maize yield formation. Acta Agron Sin, 2023, 49: 12-23 (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.13064
[43]	Li R P, Zheng J Y, Xie R Z, et al. Potential mechanisms of maize yield reduction under short-term no-tillage combined with residue coverage in the semi-humid region of Northeast China. Soil Tillage Res, 2022, 217: 105289. doi: 10.1016/j.still.2021.105289
[44]	李婧妤, 李倩, 武雪萍, 等. 免耕对农田土壤持水特性和有机碳储量影响的区域差异. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53: 3729-3740. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.18.009
	Li J Y, Li Q, Wu X P, et al. Regional variation in the effects of no-till on soil water retention and organic carbon pool. Sci Agric Sin, 2020, 53: 3729-3740 (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.18.009
[45]	闫雷, 喇乐鹏, 董天浩, 等. 耕作方式对东北黑土坡耕地土壤物理性状及根系垂直分布的影响. 农业工程学报, 2021, 37(1): 125-132.
	Yan L, La L P, Dong T H, et al. Soil physical properties and vertical distribution of root systems affected by tillage methods in black soil slope farmlands in Northeast China. Trans CSAE, 2021, 37(1): 125-132 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[46]	Komissarov M A, Klik A. The impact of No-till, conservation, and conventional tillage systems on erosion and soil properties in lower Austria. Eurasian Soil Sci, 2020, 53: 503-511. doi: 10.1134/S1064229320040079
[47]	何家帅, 李新美, 魏跃鹏, 等. 长期深耕秸秆还田配施生物炭对砂姜黑土团聚体及小麦-玉米产量的影响. 农业工程学报, 2024, 40(7): 161-171.
	He J S, Li X M, Wei Y P, et al. Effects of long-term deep tillage and straw return with biochar addition to lime concretion black soil on the aggregates and wheat-maize yield. Trans CSAE, 2024, 40(7): 161-171 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[48]	李景, 吴会军, 武雪萍, 等. 长期保护性耕作提高土壤大团聚体含量及团聚体有机碳的作用. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2015, 21: 378-386.
	Li J, Wu H J, Wu X P, et al. Impact of long-term conservation tillage on soil aggregate formation and aggregate organic carbon contents. J Plant Nutr Fert, 2015, 21: 378-386 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[49]	刘亚龙, 王萍, 汪景宽. 土壤团聚体的形成和稳定机制: 研究进展与展望. 土壤学报, 2023, 60: 627-643.
	Liu Y L, Wang P, Wang J K. Formation and stability mechanism of soil aggregates: progress and prospect. Acta Pedol Sin, 2023, 60: 627-643 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[50]	胡宏宇, 张靖, 刘莹, 等. 三峡水库消落带优势植物不同配置对土壤结构稳定性的影响. 生态学报, 2025, 45: 2710-2722.
	Hu H Y, Zhang J, Liu Y, et al. Soil structure stability impacted by the different configurations of dominant plant species in the riparian zone of Three Gorges Reservoir. Acta Ecol Sin, 2025, 45: 2710-2722 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[51]	郭戎博, 李国栋, 潘梦雨, 等. 秸秆还田与施氮对耕层土壤有机碳储量、组分和团聚体的影响. 中国农业科学, 2023, 56: 4035-4048. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.20.009
	Guo R B, Li G D, Pan M Y, et al. Effects of long-term straw return and nitrogen application rate on organic carbon storage, components and aggregates in cultivated layers. Sci Agric Sin, 2023, 56: 4035-4048 (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.20.009
[52]	郭孟洁, 李建业, 李健宇, 等. 实施16年保护性耕作下黑土土壤结构功能变化特征. 农业工程学报, 2021, 37(22): 108-118.
	Guo M J, Li J Y, Li J Y, et al. Changes of soil structure and function after 16-year conservation tillage in black soil. Trans CSAE, 2021, 37(22): 108-118 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[53]	王亚琼, 牛文全, 李学凯, 等. 生物炭对日光大棚土壤团聚体结构的影响. 水土保持通报, 2019, 39(4): 190-195.
	Wang Y Q, Niu W Q, Li X K, et al. Effects of biochar on soil aggregate structure in solar greenhouse. Bull Soil Water Conserv, 2019, 39(4): 190-195 (in Chinese with English abstract).

Metrics

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed

Comments

Recommended 10

[1]	Li Shaoqing, Li Yangsheng, Wu Fushun, Liao Jianglin, Li Damo. Optimum Fertilization and Its Corresponding Mechanism under Complete Submergence at Booting Stage in Rice[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2002, 28(01): 115 -120 .
[2]	Wang Lanzhen;Mi Guohua;Chen Fanjun;Zhang Fusuo. Response to Phosphorus Deficiency of Two Winter Wheat Cultivars with Different Yield Components[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2003, 29(06): 867 -870 .
[3]	YANG Jian-Chang;ZHANG Jian-Hua;WANG Zhi-Qin;ZH0U Qing-Sen. Changes in Contents of Polyamines in the Flag Leaf and Their Relationship with Drought-resistance of Rice Cultivars under Water Deficiency Stress[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2004, 30(11): 1069 -1075 .
[4]	Yan Mei;Yang Guangsheng;Fu Tingdong;Yan Hongyan. Studies on the Ecotypical Male Sterile-fertile Line of Brassica napus L.Ⅲ. Sensitivity to Temperature of 8-8112AB and Its Inheritance[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2003, 29(03): 330 -335 .
[5]	Wang Yongsheng;Wang Jing;Duan Jingya;Wang Jinfa;Liu Liangshi. Isolation and Genetic Research of a Dwarf Tiilering Mutant Rice[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2002, 28(02): 235 -239 .
[6]	WANG Li-Yan;ZHAO Ke-Fu. Some Physiological Response of Zea mays under Salt-stress[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2005, 31(02): 264 -268 .
[7]	TIAN Meng-Liang;HUNAG Yu-Bi;TAN Gong-Xie;LIU Yong-Jian;RONG Ting-Zhao. Sequence Polymorphism of waxy Genes in Landraces of Waxy Maize from Southwest China[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2008, 34(05): 729 -736 .
[8]	HU Xi-Yuan;LI Jian-Ping;SONG Xi-Fang. Efficiency of Spatial Statistical Analysis in Superior Genotype Selection of Plant Breeding[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2008, 34(03): 412 -417 .
[9]	WANG Yan;QIU Li-Ming;XIE Wen-Juan;HUANG Wei;YE Feng;ZHANG Fu-Chun;MA Ji. Cold Tolerance of Transgenic Tobacco Carrying Gene Encoding Insect Antifreeze Protein[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2008, 34(03): 397 -402 .
[10]	ZHENG Xi;WU Jian-Guo;LOU Xiang-Yang;XU Hai-Ming;SHI Chun-Hai. Mapping and Analysis of QTLs on Maternal and Endosperm Genomes for Histidine and Arginine in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) across Environments[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2008, 34(03): 369 -375 .

耕作方式 Tillage method	氮肥施用量 N application rate	株高 Plant height (cm)			穗位高 Ear height (cm)	茎粗 Stem diameter (cm)
耕作方式 Tillage method	氮肥施用量 N application rate	V3	V6	R1	R6	R6
CT	N0	22.4±0.7 abc	130.2±1.8 bc	278.4±1.4 c	112.6±0.9 cdef	2.4±0.1 de
	N1	22.7±0.6 abc	137.3±3.8 a	297.9±4.8 ab	120.4±0.2 ab	2.6±0.0 bc
	N2	24.6±0.2 abc	142.0±1.2 a	309.4±4.3 a	127.5±2.2 a	2.6±0.0 bc
	N3	26.0±0.6 ab	143.0±0.9 a	306.8±1.9 ab	120.1±3.4 b	2.8±0.1 a
RT	N0	21.1±0.1 bc	107.5±1.1 d	259.8±2.7 d	117.0±2.2 bcde	2.2±0.1 f
	N1	21.8±0.6 abc	137.5±4.2 a	301.3±6.1 ab	116.5±3.2 bcde	2.5±0.1 cd
	N2	21.3±0.7 bc	138.5±2.6 a	308.6±1.0 a	117.7±2.6 bcde	2.7±0.0 b
	N3	24.1±1.1 abc	141.8±1.6 a	306.4±6.2 ab	110.7±1.6 ef	2.6±0.1 bc
ST	N0	27.0±7.1 a	109.3±3.0 d	252.2±4.7 d	111.5±4.3 def	2.3±0.0 e
	N1	24.6±0.5 abc	126.2±2.4 c	295.8±4.3 b	118.2±1.9 bcd	2.5±0.0 cd
	N2	22.9±0.3 abc	128.2±4.2 c	301.0±3.3 ab	119.5±2.8 bc	2.7±0.1 b
	N3	22.9±0.4 abc	125.7±0.8 c	299.7±3.1 ab	117.7±3.8 bcde	2.7±0.0 b
NT	N0	20.2±0.2 c	111.5±2.5 d	257.7±2.7 d	109.3±2.5 f	2.2±0.0 ef
	N1	22.5±0.5 abc	136.5±1.0 ab	298.4±1.6 ab	123.2±0.7 ab	2.6±0.0 bc
	N2	22.0±0.6 abc	136.2±0.9 ab	307.8±1.1 a	119.8±1.3 bc	2.6±0.0 bc
	N3	22.4±0.1 abc	140.2±2.3 a	301.3±7.8 ab	117.5±2.0 bcde	2.7±0.0 b
ANOVA
Tillage method (T)		ns	***	ns	ns	ns
N application rate (N)		ns	***	***	***	***
T×N		ns	**	ns	*	ns

耕作方式 Tillage method	氮肥施用量 N application rate	V3	V6	R1	R3	R6
CT	N0	0.05±0.00 bc	2.12±0.07 f	5.05±0.07 bcd	4.42±0.10 e	2.68±0.03 ef
	N1	0.05±0.00 bc	2.42±0.15 e	5.61±0.06 a	5.29±0.06 bc	3.25±0.03 bcd
	N2	0.05±0.00 ab	2.70±0.01 d	5.40±0.17 ab	5.42±0.10 abc	2.74±0.08 def
	N3	0.06±0.00 a	3.08±0.02 ab	5.31±0.06 ab	5.45±0.06 ab	2.97±0.12 cdef
RT	N0	0.03±0.00 f	1.93±0.07 f	4.61±0.07 e	4.61±0.09 de	2.48±0.06 f
	N1	0.04±0.00 cde	3.18±0.07 a	5.39±0.25 ab	5.42±0.07 abc	2.69±0.14 ef
	N2	0.04±0.00 cde	2.98±0.07 abc	5.26±0.16 abc	5.60±0.11 a	3.04±0.05 cde
	N3	0.04±0.00 bcd	3.10±0.05 ab	5.56±0.12 a	5.45±0.05 ab	2.87±0.16 def
ST	N0	0.03±0.00 f	2.42±0.07 e	4.92±0.13 cde	4.60±0.01 de	2.49±0.20 f
	N1	0.04±0.00 def	2.79±0.08 cd	5.62±0.13 a	5.27±0.02 bc	3.19±0.21 bcde
	N2	0.04±0.00 cde	2.96±0.24 abcd	5.35±0.19 ab	5.30±0.07 bc	3.44±0.17 abc
	N3	0.04±0.00 cde	2.89±0.03 bcd	5.44±0.13 a	5.23±0.03 c	3.69±0.27 ab
NT	N0	0.03±0.00 f	2.38±0.07 e	4.80±0.04 de	4.64±0.09 d	2.43±0.15 f
	N1	0.03±0.00 ef	3.06±0.04 ab	5.37±0.04 ab	5.30±0.06 bc	3.60±0.22 ab
	N2	0.04±0.00 def	3.20±0.04 a	5.56±0.17 a	5.24±0.09 c	3.86±0.20 a
	N3	0.03±0.00 f	3.16±0.06 a	5.55±0.05 a	5.33±0.06 bc	3.48±0.28 abc
ANOVA
Tillage method (T)		***	**	ns	ns	ns
N application rate (N)		***	***	***	***	***
T×N		ns	**	ns	ns	**

耕作方式 Tillage method	氮肥施用量 N application rate	V3	V6	R1	R3	R6
CT	N0	17.7±1.6 e	1681.2±94.7 fg	6187.5±224.6 e	9425.3±309.4 d	14,913.4±145.6 e
	N1	21.7±1.1 cd	2149.4±214.3 cde	10,142.3±124.7 ab	15,097.4±456.9 c	24,443.4±192.9 bcd
	N2	28.2±1.0 b	2174.5±69.4 cde	9610.1±510.3 bcd	15,519.6±537.3 bc	24,579.7±651.5 bcd
	N3	32.6±1.9 a	2840.4±71.9 a	10,531.4±395.1 a	17,322.4±253.4 a	25,549.8±752.2 bc
RT	N0	13.0±0.8 f	992.1±6.6 i	5226.1±114.4 f	9513.9±459.3 d	12,006.1±271.8 f
	N1	21.3±1.0 cd	2223.0±93.1 bcde	9767.5±431.8 abc	15,663.1±441.5 bc	23,574.3±591.5 cd
	N2	20.1±1.3 de	2098.8±98.0 de	9846.6±73.9 abc	16,314.7±576.1 abc	24,087.2±703.4 cd
	N3	24.1±0.9 c	2528.3±35.3 ab	10,277.8±347.2 ab	16,254.9±541.7 abc	24,891.7±903.2 bcd
ST	N0	11.4±0.5 f	1431.9±87.3 gh	5386.6±288.1 ef	9403.2±248.1 d	14,757.7±780.0 e
	N1	17.1±0.5 e	1946.4±70.7 ef	8950.9±501.4 cd	15,096.1±434.4 c	22,692.4±660.5 d
	N2	18.4±1.6 de	2049.8±239.1 de	10,614.7±247.0 a	16,816.6±260.4 ab	28,052.2±971.0 a
	N3	17.3±1.4 e	1896.6±159.4 ef	9716.1±438.6 abcd	15,629.8±782.2 bc	26,897.5±987.1 ab
NT	N0	11.9±1.1 f	1135.2±80.1 hi	4971.0±159.4 f	9424.4±266.4 d	12,737.0±265.6 ef
	N1	16.7±1.6 e	2349.1±87.5 bcd	8818.5±231.6 d	15,550.5±134.7 bc	22,404.0±342.1 d
	N2	17.7±1.0 e	2482.4±204.6 bc	9592.5±139.6 bcd	15,637.2±715.1 bc	24,450.5±869.6 bcd
	N3	18.6±0.4 de	2380.5±52.2 bcd	10,014.5±284.4 ab	16,322.6±753.4 abc	25,414.5±196.6 bc
ANOVA
Tillage method (T)		***	*	ns	ns	*
N application rate (N)		***	***	***	***	***
T×N		**	**	*	ns	ns

耕作方式 Tillage method	氮肥施用量 N application rate	穗数 Ear number (×10⁴ hm^-2)	穗粒数 Grain number (Number per ear)	百粒重 100-kernal weight (g)	产量 Grain yield (kg hm^-2)
CT	N0	5.0±0.1 d	466.2±20.2 bc	36.2±1.4 e	6219.6±103.0 h
	N1	5.9±0.2 abc	682.1±5.2 a	42.3±0.5 cd	12,170.4±238.7 f
	N2	5.7±0.1 bc	710.8±22.1 a	43.0±0.3 bcd	13,357.4±230.7 cd
	N3	6.1±0.1 ab	700.0±4.5 a	45.1±0.5 ab	14,791.9±87.3 a
RT	N0	5.1±0.2 d	461.7±22.4 c	38.5±0.5 e	5772.7±271.3 h
	N1	6.0±0.2 abc	662.9±13.8 a	43.6±0.7 bcd	12,414.8±145.3 ef
	N2	6.0±0.0 ab	686.5±15.0 a	42.2±1.6 d	13,137.5±90.5 de
	N3	6.0±0.1 abc	693.0±6.4 a	44.6±0.1 abc	14,046.4±193.4 abc
ST	N0	5.6±0.1 c	525.0±63.5 b	38.0±0.2 e	7244.7±272.7 g
	N1	5.9±0.1 abc	686.1±9.2 a	44.7±0.7 abc	13,343.1±285.6 cd
	N2	6.2±0.1 a	676.9±7.1 a	45.1±0.5 ab	14,431.8±179.1 ab
	N3	5.9±0.1 abc	701.4±10.2 a	44.1±1.6 abcd	14,044.9±266.7 abc
NT	N0	4.9±0.1 d	455.6±29.0 c	37.7±0.6 e	5854.6±366.6 h
	N1	5.8±0.1 abc	676.1±20.2 a	42.6±0.5 cd	12,548.7±224.6 ef
	N2	5.9±0.2 abc	695.9±5.0 a	43.6±1.0 bcd	13,773.2±589.5 bcd
	N3	6.0±0.1 abc	674.8±13.0 a	46.0±0.5 a	13,904.0±242.8 bc
ANOVA
Tillage method (T)		ns	ns	*	ns
N application rate (N)		***	***	***	***
T×N		*	ns	*	ns

Effects of tillage methods and nitrogen application rate on maize yield and soil aggregates in northeastern China under straw returning

RichHTML450

PDF

Review File

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 11

References 53

Related Articles 15

Metrics

Comments

Recommended 10

ANOVA	土层深度 Soil depth (cm)	> 2.000 mm (%)	0.250-2.000 mm (%)	0.053-0.250 mm (%)	< 0.053 mm (%)	MWD	GMD
Tillage method (T)	0-20	*	*	ns	ns	*	*
N application rate (N)		ns	*	**	***	*	*
T×N		ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
Tillage method (T)	20-40	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
N application rate (N)		ns	ns	*	ns	ns	ns
T×N		ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns

[1]	Zhang Zhen, Feng Lian-Jie, Shi Yu, Yu Zhen-Wen, Zhang Yong-Li. Yield formation of wheat with different ear types under water-saving supplementary irrigation conditions [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2026, 52(5): 1522-1535.
[2]	YANG Ying-Cong, ZHANG Jun-Hao, TANG Yi-Zhe, QIAO Chang-Chang, WANG Peng-Bo, HUANG Ming, XU Guo-Wei, WANG He-Zheng. Effects of straw returning and phosphorus application rates on grain starch and the activities of starch synthesis-related enzymes in dryland wheat [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(9): 2467-2484.
[3]	YANG Ting-Ting, CHEN Juan, ABDUL Rehman, LI Jing, YAN Su-Hui, WANG Jian-Lai, LI Wen-Yang. Effects of weak light post-anthesis on dry matter accumulation and translocation, grain yield, and starch quality in soft wheat [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(8): 2204-2219.
[4]	CHEN Ru-Xue, SUN Li-Fang, ZHANG Xin-Yuan, MU Hai-Meng, ZHANG Yong-Xin, YUAN Li-Xue, PENG Shi-Le, WANG Zhuang-Zhuang, WANG Yong-Hua. Effects of combined straw returning and microbial inoculant application on carbon-nitrogen metabolism in flag leaves and yield formation in winter wheat [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(7): 1901-1913.
[5]	ZHANG Shi-Bo, LI Hong-Yan, LI Pei-Fu, REN Rui-Hua, LU Hai-Dong. Effects of a 3-4℃ increase in air temperature under natural conditions on root-shoot senescence and yield in plastic-film mulched maize [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(6): 1599-1617.
[6]	WANG Dong, WANG Sen, SHANG Li, FENG Hao-Wei, ZHANG Yong-Qiao, CUI Jia-Ming, LI Shuang, ZHANG Jia-Cong, CHE Huan. Effect of supplementary irrigation on winter wheat yield and water use efficiency in semi humid areas of the Loess Plateau [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(5): 1312-1325.
[7]	MENG Fan-Qi, FANG Meng-Ying, LUO Yi, LU Lin, DONG Xue-Rui, WANG Ya-Fei, GUO Li-Na, YAN Peng, DONG Zhi-Qiang, ZHANG Feng-Lu. Effect of ethephon betaine salicylic acid mixture on heat resistance and yield of summer maize [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(5): 1299-1311.
[8]	WENG Wen-An, XING Zhi-Peng, HU Qun, WEI Hai-Yan, LIAO Ping, ZHU Hai-Bin, QU Ji-Wei, LI Xiu-Li, LIU Gui-Yun, GAO Hui, ZHANG Hong-Cheng. Study on yield formation characteristics, energy and economic benefits of unmanned dry direct-seeding rice [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(5): 1363-1377.
[9]	WANG Peng-Bo, ZHANG Dong-Xia, QIAO Chang-Chang, HUANG Ming, WANG He-Zheng. Effects of straw returning and phosphorus application on soil enzyme activity and yield formation of wheat in dry land of western Henan, China [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(2): 534-547.
[10]	DING Chao, DU Chang-Liang, XIE Jun-Hong, MENG Hao-Feng, WANG Lin-Lin, ZHOU Yong-Jie, LI Ze-Kun, LI Ling-Ling. Photosynthetic physiological mechanisms underlying improved grain yield and quality in dryland maize through nitrogen management [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(11): 3080-3095.
[11]	WANG Li-Ping, LI Pan, ZHAO Lian-Hao, FAN Zhi-Long, HU Fa-Long, FAN Hong, HE Wei, CHAI Qiang, YIN Wen. Response of senescence characteristics for maize leaves under different plastic mulching and using patterns in oasis irrigation areas of northwestern China [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(1): 233-246.
[12]	WANG Yuan, XU Jia-Yin, DONG Er-Wei, WANG Jin-Song, LIU Qiu-Xia, HUANG Xiao-Lei, JIAO Xiao-Yan. Effects of manure replacement of chemical fertilizer nitrogen on yield, nitrogen accumulation, and quality of foxtail millet [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2025, 51(1): 149-160.
[13]	ZHANG Zhen, HE Jian-Ning, SHI Yu, YU Zhen-Wen, ZHANG Yong-Li. Effects of row spacing and planting patterns on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of wheat [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2024, 50(9): 2396-2407.
[14]	ZHU Rong-Yu, ZHAO Meng-Jie, YAO Yun-Feng, LI Yan-Hong, LI Xiang-Dong, LIU Zhao-Xin. Effects of straw returning methods and sowing depth on soil physical properties and emergence characteristics of summer peanut [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2024, 50(8): 2106-2121.
[15]	HAN Xiao-Chen, ZHANG Gui-Qin, WANG Ya-Hui, REN Hao, WANG Hong-Zhang, LIU Guo-Li, LIN Dian-Xu, WANG Zi-Qiang, ZHANG Ji-Wang, ZHAO Bin, REN Bao-Zhao, LIU Peng. Effects of soil conditioners on soil salinity content and maize yield in coastal saline-alkali land [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2024, 50(7): 1776-1786.