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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (5): 1459-1471.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2026.55058

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of dynamic changes in leaf functional nitrogen on photosynthetic rate and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency in Brassica napus

Ren Yi-Han1,2(), Zhao Man-Li1, Dai Jing1, Li Yin-Shui1, Gu Chi-Ming1, Yang Lu1, Du Xue-Zhu2, Hu Wen-Shi1,*(), Qin Lu1,*()   

  1. 1 Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, Hubei, China
    2 School of Life Sciences, Hubei University / Provincial-Ministry Co-sponsored State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Wuhan 430062, Hubei, China
  • Received:2025-08-21 Accepted:2026-02-27 Online:2026-05-12 Published:2026-03-12
  • Contact: *Qin Lu, E-mail: qinlu-123@126.com; Hu Wen-Shi, E-mail: huwenshi@caas.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(32202600);Technology Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-2021-OCRI);Fundamental Research Funds for Central Non-profit Scientific Institution(1610172022008)

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Abstract:

Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is China’s leading oilseed crop, and high yield depends heavily on nitrogen (N) fertilizer inputs; however, nitrogen use efficiency remains relatively low. Rapeseed biomass is primarily derived from photosynthesis. Enhancing the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE) may provide a feasible approach to simultaneously improve yield and nitrogen use efficiency, thereby reducing N fertilizer application, increasing rapeseed production, and supporting sustainable development of the rapeseed industry. Here, we conducted a hydroponic experiment with different N levels using two rapeseed germplasms that differed significantly in leaf area and Pn. During leaf development, we quantified dynamic changes in leaf N content, photosynthetic capacity, functional N fractions, and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) characteristics to elucidate how N allocation regulates Pn and PNUE. Leaf N content declined with growth, but Pn did not decrease consistently, and Pn increased with higher N supply. Photosynthetic N (Npsn) and storage N (Nstore) were the dominant components of leaf N, accounting for 83.12%-97.61%. During leaf expansion, Npsn changed little whereas Nstore declined markedly, which helped maintain Pn at lower total leaf N and improved PNUE. When leaf N content fell below 1.77 g m-2, both Npsn and Nstore decreased linearly, leading to significant reductions in Pn and PNUE. During leaf senescence, the decline in Npsn was 6.24%-19.07% greater than that of Nstore, resulting in pronounced decreases in both Pn and PNUE. Rubisco content was significantly and positively correlated with Npsn. The germplasm Yunyou 9, which had higher Pn, showed higher Npsn and Rubisco content than Fuyou 3, which had larger leaf area, with increases of 5.63%-40.37% and 0.38%-38.02%, respectively. Both Npsn and Nstore increased with increasing N supply, and Pn increased with Npsn. Overall, during leaf development, Rubisco helped maintain Npsn while Nstore declined, supporting higher Pn and improved PNUE. Therefore, optimizing within-leaf N allocation by precisely regulating Rubisco content may be an effective strategy to further enhance rapeseed photosynthetic capacity and nitrogen use efficiency.

Key words: rapeseed, photosynthetic nitrogen, storage nitrogen, Rubisco, photosynthetic rate

Fig. 1

Dynamic changes in leaf physiological traits under different nitrogen supply levels Nmass, Narea, Pn, and PNUE denote mass-based nitrogen content, area-based nitrogen content, net photosynthetic rate, and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency, respectively. LN, MN, and HN indicate nitrogen deficiency, mild nitrogen deficiency, and nitrogen sufficiency treatments, respectively. YY9 and FY3 indicate the rapeseed germplasms Yunyou 9 and Fuyou 3. *: P < 0.05; ***: P < 0.001; ns: no significant difference."

Fig. 2

Relationships of net photosynthetic rate and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency with area-based nitrogen content during leaf development Abbreviations and treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 1. A-C: leaf expansion stage, D-F: leaf senescence stage."

Table 1

Changes in leaf functional nitrogen fractions under varying nitrogen supply levels"

标记后天数
Days after marking (d)		 种质
Germplasm		 处理
Treatment		 光合氮素含量
Npsn (g m-2)		 储存氮素含量
Nstore (g m-2)		 呼吸氮素含量
Nresp (g m-2)		 结构氮素含量
Nstr (g m-2)
1 YY9 LN 0.48±0.03 def 0.84±0.03 h 0.03±0.001 cdef 0.05±0.007 def
MN 0.55±0.02 bcde 1.73±0.02 b 0.03±0.001 cdef 0.04±0.005 ef
HN 0.61±0.03 cdef 1.74±0.03 b 0.03±0.001 abc 0.04±0.003 f
FY3 LN 0.40±0.05 ghi 1.17±0.05 e 0.02±0.002 efgh 0.07±0.028 bcdef
MN 0.51±0.02 cdef 1.95±0.02 a 0.02±0.001 cdefg 0.04±0.006 f
HN 0.53±0.05 bcde 1.95±0.03 a 0.03±0.002 cdef 0.06±0.028 acdef
4 YY9 LN 0.37±0.03 hij 0.57±0.04 ij 0.02±0.002 gh 0.07±0.014 bcdef
MN 0.57±0.02 bc 0.85±0.04 h 0.03±0.001 cdef 0.11±0.030 abc
HN 0.65±0.04 a 1.53±0.07 c 0.03±0.002 ab 0.09±0.031 abcd
FY3 LN 0.34±0.01 ij 0.65±0.01 i 0.02±0.000 h 0.09±0.002 abcd
MN 0.54±0.02 bcde 0.97±0.04 g 0.03±0.001 cdef 0.09±0.020 abcd
HN 0.55±0.02 bcde 1.02±0.02 fg 0.03±0.002 bcd 0.07±0.008 abcd
8 YY9 LN 0.38±0.02 hij 0.51±0.02 k 0.02±0.001 fgh 0.07±0.011abcdef
MN 0.53±0.02 bcde 0.55±0.03 j 0.03±0.001 bcde 0.06±0.008 def
HN 0.65±0.05 a 1.25±0.06 d 0.02±0.011 a 0.11±0.041 abcde
FY3 LN 0.32±0.02 hij 0.35±0.02 l 0.03±0.001 h 0.12±0.004 a
MN 0.49±0.05 cdef 0.65±0.06 i 0.03±0.002 cedf 0.09±0.018 abcde
HN 0.57±0.04 bc 1.03±0.07 fg 0.03±0.003 abc 0.10±0.026 ab
18 YY9 LN 0.18±0.01 k 0.45±0.01 k 0.01±0.000 a 0.05±0.001 def
MN 0.43±0.03 fgh 0.61±0.04 ij 0.02±0.002 j 0.03±0.003 f
HN 0.55±0.02 bcd 1.10±0.02 ef 0.02±0.002 defgh 0.05±0.003 def
FY3 LN 0.16±0.03 k 0.32±0.04 l 0.01±0.001 j 0.06±0.005 def
MN 0.30±0.03 j 0.45±0.03 k 0.01±0.002 ij 0.04±0.003 def
HN 0.46±0.04 efg 1.16±0.05 de 0.02±0.003 hi 0.04±0.008 def
F值 F value
标记后天数Days after marking (D) 56.66*** 987.02*** 14.90*** 17.32***
种质Germplasm (G) 31.12*** 10.46** 3.05ns 1.87ns
处理Treatment (T) 184.57*** 1078.73** 19.58*** 1.17ns
D×G 0.63ns 13.91*** 1.76ns 1.02ns
D×T 6.54*** 59.36*** 1.10ns 1.78ns
G×T 2.10ns 10.49*** 0.39ns 2.24ns
D×G×T 1.81ns 37.90*** 1.21ns 0.87ns

Fig. 3

Relationships between area-based nitrogen content and photosynthetic nitrogen and storage nitrogen Abbreviations are the same as those given in Fig. 1 and Table 1. Solid lines indicate Narea < 1.77 g m-2; dashed lines indicate Narea > 1.77 g m-2."

Fig. 4

Relationships between functional nitrogen allocation and photosynthetic capacity Abbreviations and treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 1. Npsn and Nstore represent the nitrogen content in photosynthesis and storage, respectively. A-H: leaf expansion stage, a-h: leaf senescence stage."

Fig. 5

Rubisco characteristics in rapeseed germplasms under different nitrogen supply levels 缩写和处理同图1。***: P < 0.001; **: P < 0.01; *: P < 0.05; ns: 无显著差异。 Abbreviations and treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 1. ***: P < 0.001; **: P < 0.01; *: P < 0.05; ns: no significant difference."

Fig. 6

Relationships among Rubisco, photosynthetic capacity, and functional nitrogen under different nitrogen supply levels Abbreviations and treatments are the same as those given in Fig. 1. Npsn and Nstore represent the nitrogen content in photosynthesis and storage, respectively. A-F: leaf expansion stage, a-f leaf senescence stage."

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