%A Da-Wei JIAN, Yang ZHOU, Hong-Wei LIU, Li YANG, Chun-Yan MAI, Li-Qiang YU, Xin-Nian HAN, Hong-Jun ZHANG, Hong-Jie LI %T Functional Markers Reveal Genetic Variations in Wheat Improved Cultivars and Landraces from Xinjiang %0 Journal Article %D 2018 %J Acta Agronomica Sinica %R 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.00657 %P 657-671 %V 44 %N 05 %U {https://zwxb.chinacrops.org/CN/abstract/article_6466.shtml} %8 2018-05-20 %X

Illuminating genetic variations in the improved cultivars and landraces of wheat from Xinjiang is important for further improvement of wheat in this region. In this study, 52 functional markers were used to examine 136 Xinjiang wheat accessions. Compared with the improved cultivars, the semi-dwarfing alleles Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b, facultative allele Vrn-D1b, T1BLĀ·1RS translocation, TaLox-B1a allele for high lipoxynase activity, Ppo-D1a allele for lower polyphenol oxidase activity, Psy-A1b allele for low yellow pigment content and Hap-H (TaSus-2B) allele for high kernel weight were absent in the landraces. Furthermore, the frequencies of photoperiod insensitivity allele Ppd-D1a (77.6%), strong gluten subunits Dx5+Dy10 (35.4%), Pin-D1ballele (25.0%) for hard grain texture, and TaCwi-A1a (63.3%), Hap-4A-T (Tacwi-4A) (33.8%), Hap-5D-C (TaCWI-5D) (93.7%), Hap-2 (TaGS1a) (77.9%), TaGS-D1a (78.5%), TaGS5-A1b (50.0%), and TaTGW6-A1a (92.1%) alleles associated with high kernel weight were higher in the improved cultivars than in the landraces. The frequencies of most favorable alleles displayed a discontinuously increasing trend over breeding periods. As for the favorable alleles associated with adaptation and quality, the spring cultivars had higher frequencies than the winter cultivars. Analysis of the functional markers showed that the improved cultivars had higher genetic diversity than the landraces. Based on the principle component analysis, the wheat accessions were clustered into two groups: improved cultivars and landraces, and the improved cultivars were further divided into two groups of winter and spring cultivars. There were significant genetic differences between the improved cultivars and the landraces. The favorable alleles and allele combinations identified in this study provide important information for further improvement of wheat cultivars in Xinjiang.