不同生育时期遮阴对大豆形态性状和产量的影响

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王一, 杨文钰, 张霞, 雍太文, 刘卫国, 苏本营. 不同生育时期遮阴对大豆形态性状和产量的影响. 作物学报, 2013, 39(10): 1871-1879
[WANG Yi, YANG Wen-Yu, ZHANG Xia, YONG Tai-Wen, LIU Wei-Guo, SU Ben-Ying. Effects of Shading at Different Growth Stages on Different Traits and Yield of Soybean. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2013, 39(10): 1871-1879] 复制到剪切板

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不同生育时期遮阴对大豆形态性状和产量的影响

王一, 杨文钰^*, 张霞, 雍太文, 刘卫国, 苏本营

四川农业大学农学院 / 农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室, 四川雅安625014

^* 通讯作者(Corresponding author): 杨文钰, E-mail:wenyu.yang@263.net

收稿日期:2013-06-10

基金:本研究由国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2011CB100400)和国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-04-PS19)资助。

摘要

间套作是提高土地利用率, 促进农作物高产的重要技术, 而遮阴限制间套作大豆产量, 且间作和套作大豆被遮阴的生育时期不同。为明确不同生育时期遮阴对大豆形态性状和产量的影响, 2010—2012年用透光率50%的遮阳网对桂夏2号、南豆12、南冬抗22、E61和C103遮阴处理, 结果表明, 不同生育时期遮阴对各形态指标影响程度不同, 前期遮阴(VER1和VER2)对主茎长、主茎长/茎粗等主茎形态性状有(极)显著影响, 主茎长、主茎长/茎粗比值平均比对照分别高45.75%, 93.64%; 后期遮阴(R1R8和R2R8)对分枝数和底荚高度等形态性状有(极)显著影响, 分枝数平均比对照低29.97%, 底荚高度平均比对照高28.59%; 各品种产量受前后期遮阴影响程度不同, R/V比值低于1.4的品种产量受前期遮阴影响更大, R/V比值大于等于1.5的品种产量受后期遮阴影响更大; 相关分析和通径分析结果表明, 主茎长、第一节间长、分枝高、主茎长/茎粗比值和主茎长/分枝数比值与单株产量呈极显著负相关, 分枝数与单株产量呈极显著正相关, 主茎长/茎粗比值和主茎长/分枝数比值是间接反映大豆产量高低的重要指标。

关键词: 大豆; 遮阴; 形态; 产量; 生育时期

Effects of Shading at Different Growth Stages on Different Traits and Yield of Soybean

WANG Yi, YANG Wen-Yu^*, ZHANG Xia, YONG Tai-Wen, LIU Wei-Guo, SU Ben-Ying

College of Agriculture, Sichuan Agriculture University / Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Ya’an, 625014, China

Abstract

Intercropping and relay-intercropping are important technologies to improve land utilization rate and crop yield, but their yields are limited by shading, which is different for intercropped soybean and relay-intercropped soybean at different growth stages. To clear the effect of shading at different growth stages on morphology and yield of soybean, we treated Guixia 2, Nandou 12, Nandongkang 22, E61, and C103 with the 50% transmittance shading net using the natural light as control. The results showed that effects of shading on different morphological characters were different at different growth stages, showing a significant influence on length of main stem and main stem length/stem diameter during the early growth period (VER1 and VER2). Compared with control, the main stem length and main stem length/stem diameter were increased by 45.75% and 93.64%, respectively. Shading had significant influence on the number of branches and the height of lowest pod at the late growth stage (R1R8 and R2R8). Compared with control, the number of branches was decreased by 29.97% and the height of lowest pod was increased by 28.59%. The effects of shading on yield of cultivars with different growth periods were different, the cultivars with R/V below 1.4 was affected significantly by the early growth period shading, the cultivars with R/V equal to or greater than 1.5 was easily affected by the late growth stage shading. Results of correlation analysis and path analysis showed main stem length, first internode length, branch height, stem length/stem diameter and stem length/branch number were negatively correlated with yield per plant significantly, branch number was positively and significantly correlated with yield per plant, main stem length/stem diameter and main stem length/branch number could be key indices for yield per plant.

Keyword: Soybean; Shading; Morphological; Yield; Growth stage

Show Figures

我国大豆进口量逐年递增, 现在自给率不足20%, 欲解决大豆自给, 必须提高大豆单产和扩大种植面积^[1]。东北和黄淮海大豆主产区由于水稻、玉米等大宗作物的迅速发展已难以扩大大豆种植面积, 因此在稳定北方大豆生产的基础上, 大力发展南方大豆是提高我国大豆种植面积的重要途径^[2]。南方土地复种指数高, 大豆多以间套作为主^[3], 间种套作大豆具有提高自然资源利用率^[2,3,4], 培肥地力^[5,6,7]和有效降低病虫害^[6,7]等生态效益优势, 但高秆作物对低位作物大豆遮阴成为了限制其产量的主要原因^[8], 遮阴增加大豆植株株高和底荚高度, 减少分枝数和茎粗, 而株高和底荚高度与产量呈负相关^[9,10]。遮阴对大豆形态性状和产量的影响已倍受关注, 前人从遮阴程度^[11,12]、苗期^[13]和鼓粒期^[12]等特定遮阴时期、大豆品种耐阴性^[14,16]等角度进行了一系列研究, 还筛选出评价大豆耐阴性强弱的农艺性状指标^[15]。目前, 南方地区玉米与大豆间套作种植方式已逐渐推广, 但针对玉米与大豆间作或套作造成的不同遮阴时期(大致分别为R1期后和R1期前)对大豆形态和产量影响的研究报道较少, 且尚不清楚该影响的品种间差异。因此本研究通过连续3年利用遮阳网的盆栽试验, 以明确不同生育时期遮阴对不同品种大豆形态和产量的影响, 及遮阴条件下大豆形态与产量的关系, 以期为适合间作或套作的大豆品种的选育及其高产栽培提供技术支撑。

1 材料与方法

1.1 供试材料

参照前人将生殖生长期(R)和营养生长期(V)天数之比(R/V)作为衡量大豆生育时期结构的指标^[17], 供试大豆品种及其生育时期见表1。

1.2 试验方法

试验分别于2010、2011和2012年的6月至11月在四川农业大学教学科研园区进行。供试紫色土含: 有机质8.96 g kg^-1、全氮1.21 g kg^-1、全磷0.61 g kg^-1、全钾11.44 g kg^-1、速效氮62.35 mg kg^-1、速效磷24.34 mg kg^-1、速效钾65.72 mg kg^-1, pH 6.55。

按双因素随机区组设计, 两因素分别为遮阴生育时期和大豆品种。参照Fehr等^[18]的生育时期划分法, 以全生育期自然光照为对照(CK), 设置50%透光率^[19]的遮阳网对不同品种大豆不同生育时期遮阴处理。处理与对照随机排列, 3次重复。2010和2011年分别在出苗至完熟期(VER8)、出苗至六节期(VEV6)、出苗至始花期(VER1)、始花期至完熟期(R1R8)、始粒期至完熟期(R5R8)遮阴。2012年分别在出苗至完熟期(VER8)、出苗至始粒期(VER5)、出苗至盛花期(VER2)、盛花期至完熟期(R2R8)遮阴。

1.3 主要测定项目与方法

大豆收获后, 各处理随机选取9株大豆植株。以子叶节为起点测量主茎长、第一节间长度、最低分枝高度(分枝高)、底荚高度, 用游标卡尺测量第一节间茎粗(茎粗); 统计单株大豆的有效分枝数、主茎节数、总荚数、瘪荚数、总粒数; 用精确至0.0001 g的电子天平测定大豆单株粒重、百粒重。

1.4 数据处理与统计

采用Microsoft Excel 2003, DPS7.05统计分析数据, 用LSD比较处理间差异。

2 结果与分析

2.1 不同遮阴处理对大豆主要形态性状及其比值的影响

不同遮阴处理影响大豆形态性状及其比值(表2和表3), 品种间表现一致, 遮阴处理间表现不同。参试品种大豆前期遮阴(VER1和VER2)主茎节数显著低于后期遮阴(R1R8和R2R8), 且前后期遮阴平均比对照分别减少19.74%和6.43%, 参试大豆品种前期遮阴第一节间长、主茎长/主茎节数比值和第一节间长/茎粗比值显著高于后期遮阴, 且前期遮阴各指标平均比对照分别增加58.63%、76.52%和115.68%, 后期遮阴各指标平均比对照分别增加17.78%,

表1 供试大豆品种各生育阶段的日期和生育期 Table 1 Growth stages and growth period of experimental cultivars

表2 不同生育时期遮阴对大豆形态性状的影响 Table 2 Effects of shading on morphological traits of soybean at different growth stages

品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	主茎长 Stem length (cm)	茎粗 Stem diameter (cm)	主茎节数 Node number	第一节间长 First internode length (cm)	底荚高度 Podding height (cm)	分枝数 Branch number	分枝高 Branch height (cm)
2010
南豆12 Nandou 12	VER8	70.29 a	3.14 d	13.68 b	9.72 a	24.00 ab	2.56 d	22.55 a
	VEV6	63.95 ab	5.11 a	15.83 a	8.95 c	17.00 d	5.34 a	17.03 b
	VER1	66.37 a	4.06 c	13.65 b	9.49 b	21.78 c	4.31 a	22.07 a
	R1R8	65.30 ab	4.34 bc	16.00 a	6.66 d	22.88 bc	3.38 c	14.17 c
	R5R8	59.23 b	4.59 b	15.96 a	5.10 e	25.38 a	3.68 c	12.05 d
	CK	58.63 b	5.02 a	16.67 a	5.15 e	18.86 d	5.69 a	11.74 d
南冬抗22 Nandong kang 22	VER8	96.44 a	3.03 d	11.95 b	11.37 a	19.86 bc	2.21 d	23.15 a
	VEV6	74.14 c	4.01 abc	14.59 ab	8.86 c	16.47 d	4.30 a	17.40 c
	VER1	86.49 b	3.37 cd	11.92 b	10.52 b	18.65 cd	3.81 b	21.49 b
	R1R8	82.84 b	3.67 bcd	15.15 a	6.92 d	21.72 ab	3.41 c	14.34 d
	R5R8	65.72 d	4.23 ab	15.33 a	6.36 e	23.48 a	3.19 c	12.52 e
	CK	63.47 d	4.52 a	16.56 a	6.31 e	19.13 c	4.39 a	11.82 f
2011
南豆12 Nandou 12	VER8	70.98 a	5.89 d	13.00 d	9.46 a	24.85 a	3.15 d	22.52 a
	VEV6	60.39 bc	6.36 b	15.00 c	8.35 c	17.79 bc	4.89 ab	17.68 b
	VER1	66.41 ab	6.22 bc	13.29 d	8.78 b	22.92 a	4.44 bc	22.10 a
	R1R8	64.46 abc	6.06 cd	15.89 b	6.60 d	21.48 ab	3.11 d	13.69 c
	R5R8	58.71 c	6.25 bc	15.80 b	5.45 e	23.32 a	3.96 cd	11.88 c
	CK	60.88 bc	7.45 a	18.01 a	5.37 e	14.26 c	5.44 a	12.08 c
桂夏2号 Guixia 2	VER8	92.78 a	5.12 d	13.56 b	9.70 a	12.38 ab	6.00 a	10.68 a
	VEV6	67.50 c	6.52 ab	14.50 a	8.18 c	8.65 c	6.44 a	9.34 a
	VER1	81.46 b	5.91 c	13.67 b	8.66 b	11.94 ab	6.56 a	9.78 a
	R1R8	74.91 b	5.67 cd	14.45 a	6.95 d	11.32 ab	6.00 a	7.66 b
	R5R8	50.01 d	6.05 bc	14.51 a	5.40 e	13.05 a	6.33 a	7.83 b
	CK	51.02 d	7.00 a	14.87 a	5.42 e	10.04 bc	6.78 a	7.56 b
E61	VER8	85.68 a	6.36 c	16.56 c	8.34 a	23.36 a	5.22 c	14.98 a
	VEV6	68.43 c	7.40 b	18.61 b	7.43 c	18.18 bc	7.18 a	12.40 a
	VER1	79.71 b	7.38 b	16.11 c	7.93 b	20.26 ab	6.89 ab	14.26 a
	R1R8	66.97 cd	7.08 b	18.56 b	6.38 d	22.11 ab	4.00 d	8.99 b
	R5R8	65.59 cd	7.22 b	19.78 a	5.87 e	22.08 ab	5.89 bc	8.69 b
	CK	63.85 d	8.53 a	18.72 b	5.82 e	13.65 c	5.56 c	8.54 b
2012
南豆12 Nandou 12	VER8	119.47 a	6.27 e	16.00 bc	9.49 a	30.07 a	4.00 c	22.00 b
	VER5	115.57 b	7.36 d	15.33 c	9.23 ab	20.00 c	5.30 b	23.63 a
	VER2	115.03 b	7.61 c	16.00 bc	8.95 b	11.93 d	5.50 ab	14.47 c
	R2R8	63.30 c	8.53 b	16.67 ab	6.06 c	25.73 b	4.00 c	8.47 e
	CK	61.53 c	9.45 a	17.67 a	5.31 d	20.47 c	6.00 a	9.87 d
桂夏2号 Guixia 2	VER8	129.87 a	3.22 d	14.45 b	9.70 a	20.93 b	3.33 d	13.40 a
	VER5	119.62 b	4.13 c	13.33 c	9.25 b	21.66 b	5.13 c	12.60 b
	VER2	115.69 c	4.17 c	13.11 c	8.18 c	15.64 c	5.67 b	12.53 b
	R2R8	61.57 d	5.75 b	17.67 a	6.45 d	22.89 a	4.85 c	10.12 d
	CK	51.88 e	8.20 a	17.89 a	5.08 e	16.16 c	6.89 a	11.09 c
C103	VER8	114.77 a	6.07 d	16.44 c	9.46 a	17.20 c	3.99 e	13.38 a
	VER5	109.88 b	6.12 d	16.33 c	9.18 b	17.40 c	5.22 c	12.93 ab
	VER2	109.93 b	6.50 c	16.00 c	7.89 c	17.96 c	5.70 b	12.68 b
	R2R8	83.53 c	7.12 b	18.22 b	6.25 d	21.58 a	4.33 d	11.28 c
	CK	83.49 c	7.55 a	21.33 a	5.92 e	19.41 b	6.49 a	10.30 d

同一品种内标以不同字母的值不同处理间在 P=0.05水平上差异显著。

Values within the same cultivar followed by different letters are significantly different between treatments at P= 0.05.

表2 不同生育时期遮阴对大豆形态性状的影响 Table 2 Effects of shading on morphological traits of soybean at different growth stages

表3 不同生育时期遮阴对形态性状间比值的影响 Table 3 Effects of shading on the ratios of morphological traits at different growth stages

品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	主茎长/主茎节数 Internode length (cm)	主茎长/茎粗 Stem length/ stem diameter	第一节间长/茎粗 First internode length/ stem diameter	主茎长/分枝数 Stem length/ branch number
2010
南豆12 Nandou 12	VER8	5.14 a	22.05 a	3.09 a	25.91 a
	VEV6	4.26 bc	12.91 d	1.75 c	12.40 e
	VER1	4.89 ab	16.38 b	2.34 b	15.88 d
	R1R8	4.09 c	15.05 c	1.54 d	19.38 b
	R5R8	3.71 c	12.92 d	1.11 e	17.53 c
	CK	3.52 c	11.67 e	1.02 e	9.99 f
南冬抗22 Nandong kang 22	VER8	6.10 a	34.52 a	3.83 a	46.44 a
	VEV6	5.62 ab	18.51 d	2.21 c	17.24 d
	VER1	6.31 a	29.01 b	3.53 b	22.81 b
	R1R8	5.47 ab	22.60 c	1.89 d	23.44 b
	R5R8	4.49 bc	15.84 e	1.44 e	20.27 c
	CK	4.11 c	13.83 f	1.41 e	14.81 e
2011
南豆12 Nandou 12	VER8	5.45 a	12.04 a	1.61 a	22.40 a
	VEV6	4.16 b	9.51 c	1.31 c	12.69 d
	VER1	5.00 a	10.69 b	1.41 b	14.34 c
	R1R8	4.06 b	10.63 b	1.09 d	17.53 b
	R5R8	3.70 bc	9.40 c	0.87 e	14.38 c
	CK	3.38 c	8.18 d	0.72 f	10.86 e
桂夏2号 Guixia 2	VER8	6.84 a	18.44 a	1.90 a	16.50 a
	VEV6	4.66 c	10.37 c	1.26 b	10.18 d
	VER1	5.98 b	13.46 b	1.47 c	12.43 c
	R1R8	5.19 c	13.59 b	1.23 c	15.35 b
	R5R8	3.45 d	8.28 d	0.89 d	8.65 e
	CK	3.43 d	7.30 e	0.78 d	7.30 f
E61	VER8	5.18 a	13.48 a	1.32 a	17.29 a
	VEV6	4.01 b	9.23 cd	1.00 b	10.77 d
	VER1	4.95 a	10.80 b	1.07 b	11.57 c
	R1R8	3.61 bc	9.53 c	0.91 c	16.78 b
	R5R8	3.32 c	9.08 d	0.81 c	10.92 d
	CK	3.41 c	7.49 e	0.68 d	9.75 e
2012
南豆12 Nandou 12	VER8	7.86 a	19.05 a	1.51 a	27.20 a
	VER5	7.94 a	15.70 b	1.25 b	25.26 b
	VER2	7.21 b	15.12 c	1.18 c	22.68 c
	R2R8	4.22 c	7.42 d	0.71 d	15.83 d
	CK	3.48 d	6.51 e	0.56 e	10.26 e
桂夏2号 Guixia 2	VER8	9.06 a	40.30 a	3.01 a	36.56 a
	VER5	8.81 b	28.96 b	2.24 b	23.31 b
	VER2	8.61 c	27.75 c	1.96 c	20.42 c
	R2R8	3.48 d	10.70 d	1.12 d	12.70 d
	CK	2.90 e	6.33 e	0.62 e	7.53 e
C103	VER8	6.68 b	18.91 a	1.56 a	26.44 a
	VER5	6.89 a	17.95 b	1.50 b	24.78 b
	VER2	6.74 b	16.91 c	1.21 c	22.29 c
	R2R8	4.58 c	11.73 d	0.88 d	19.28 d
	CK	3.92 d	11.05 e	0.78 e	12.53 e

同一品种内标以不同字母的值不同处理间在 P=0.05水平上差异显著。

Values within the same cultivar followed by different letters are significantly different between treatments at P= 0.05.

表3 不同生育时期遮阴对形态性状间比值的影响 Table 3 Effects of shading on the ratios of morphological traits at different growth stages

23.27%和42.62%。而后期遮阴分枝数显著低于前期遮阴, 前期和后期遮阴比对照分别减少9.23%和29.97%。

2010年和2011年主茎长/分枝数比值后期遮阴(R1R8和R2R8)显著高于前期遮阴(VER1和VER2), 前期遮阴和后期遮阴平均比对照分别高46.79%和79.21%, 2012年将试验设置为前期遮阴VER2和后期遮阴R2R8, 主茎长/分枝数比值前期遮阴显著高于后期遮阴, 前后期遮阴比对照分别高123.38%和58.94%。前期遮阴处理由VER1延长至VER2, 主茎长/分枝数比值由比对照高46.79%上升为比对照高123.38%。说明前期遮阴至R1期后再延长遮阴时间对大豆植株形态影响很大, 套作大豆应尽量避免前期连续遮阴超过R1期。

2.2 不同遮阴处理对大豆产量和产量构成的影响

不同遮阴处理影响大豆单株产量和产量构成(表4), 处理间和品种间表现不尽一致。处理间规律为, 单株荚数、单株粒数和单株粒重以VEV6大于VER1, VER2大于VER5, R5R8大于R1R8, 说明遮阴时间越长, 产量越低。3年试验结果表明, 南豆12前期遮阴(VER1和VER2)单株荚数和单株粒重显著低于后期遮阴(R1R8和R2R8), 单株粒数具相同规律但2010年和2011年前后期遮阴差异不显著, 南冬抗22与南豆12表现一致; 桂夏2号两年试验结果表明, 单株荚数、单株粒数和单株粒重后期遮阴(R1R8和R2R8)显著低于前期遮阴(VER1和VER2), E61和C103与桂夏2号表现一致。

2.3 形态性状及其比值与产量的关系

3年试验所用品种与遮阴处理不同造成了每年试验的形态性状及其比值与产量的相关程度不同(表5), 但3年数据仍具一致规律, 即主茎长、第一节间长、分枝高、主茎长/茎粗比值、第一节间长/茎粗比值和主茎长/分枝数比值与单株产量呈极显著负相关, 分枝数与单株产量呈极显著正相关。

以主茎长( X₁)、茎粗( X₂)、主茎长/茎粗比值( X₃)、主茎节数( X₄)、主茎长/主茎节数比值( X₅)、第一节间长( X₆)、第一节间长/茎粗( X₇)比值、底荚高( X₈)、分枝数( X₉)、主茎长/分枝数( X₁₀)比值、分枝高( X₁₁)为自变量, 单株产量( Y)为因变量进行逐步回归分析(表6)。3年回归方程决定系数分别为 R²= 0.9506、 R²= 0.7447和 R²= 0.8675, 说明筛选出来的指标是能反映大豆产量高低的主要因素。为进一步明确逐步回归确定的指标对产量的效应, 分别将各年筛选出的指标对单株产量( Y)进行通径分析, 结果表明(表7), 年间对产量综合效应最大的指标虽然不同, 但年间共同筛选出了主茎长/茎粗( X₃)和主茎长/分枝数( X₁₀) 2个关键指标, 且二者对单株产量有较大的负效应。

3 讨论

遮阴导致大豆生长发育^[20]、光合生理各异^[21], 最终造成产量差异^[8,9,10]。黄其椿等^[16]研究表明, 大豆V3期前开始遮阴比R1期后开始遮阴对大豆单株荚数、粒数、产量等影响更大。本试验结果表明, 在营养期或生殖期内遮阴时间越长, 大豆单株产量越低。朗有忠等^[22]研究表明, 水稻籽粒产量随全生育期的延长而增加, 但生育期超过152 d后,籽粒增产效果不明显。本试验研究发现, 各遮阴处理下, 不同大豆品种全生育天数与单株产量无明显联系, 但不同大豆品种生育时期结构不同, 前期(VER1或VER2)或后期(R1R8或R2R8)遮阴其单株产量受遮阴影响程度不同, 南豆12和南冬抗22R/V比值均小于1.4, 两品种前期遮阴(VER1和VER2)单株粒重显著低于后期遮阴(R1R8和R2R8), 而桂夏2号、C103和E61R/V比值大于等于1.5, 3个品种后期遮阴单株粒重显著低于前期遮阴。可见R/V比值在不同的范围时, 大豆产量受前后期遮阴影响程度不同。前人研究净作大豆时发现, 栽培大豆品种因人工选择等原因其营养生长期正逐步缩短, 生殖生长期正逐步延长, 即R/V比值在逐步增大, 产量逐步提高^[8,17]。而本试验研究表明, 大豆在生长后期遮阴(R1R8和R2R8)时, R/V比值过大其产量会大幅下降, 说明间套作大豆品种的选育与净作大豆不同。由于本试验选用的大豆品种较少, 难以确定不同遮阴时期下适宜的大豆品种R/V比值范围, 该规律有待进一步试验验证。

普遍认为, 遮阴使大豆植株主茎长和节间长均增加, 茎粗和分枝数均减少^[8,9], 本试验研究结果与之一致。侯兴亮等^[23]研究发现番茄苗期遮阴株高/茎粗比值增加较多但坐果率高, 而开花座果期遮阴株高/茎粗比值增加较小但座果率低, 本试验研究发现, 不仅前期遮阴(VER1和VER2)主茎长/茎粗比值增加程度显著大于后期遮阴(R1R8和R2R8), 第一节间长度和主茎节数等主茎形态性状受前期遮阴影响程度均显著大于后期遮阴, 表明前期遮阴大豆主茎形态受影响较大。蔡昆争等^[20]研究表明水稻插秧

表4 不同生育时期遮阴对大豆产量性状的影响 Table 4 Effects of shading on yield characters of soybean at different growth stages

品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	单株荚数 Pods per plant	单株瘪荚率 Abortive pod rate (%)	单株粒数 Seeds per plant	每荚粒数 Seeds per pod	百粒重 100-seed weight (g)	单株粒重 Yield per plant (g)
2010
南豆12 Nandou 12	VER8	21.67 d	10.33 a	17.05 c	0.79 b	13.61 c	4.24 d
	VEV6	50.33 b	2.05 d	49.94 a	0.87 b	19.28 b	13.62 b
	VER1	34.00 c	3.67 c	38.78 b	0.71 b	18.25 b	10.74 c
	R1R8	55.00 b	4.33 b	43.56 ab	0.91 b	17.97 b	12.30 bc
	R5R8	57.67 b	3.67 c	46.28 a	0.82 b	18.38 b	14.33 b
	CK	68.00 a	1.43 e	47.94 a	1.15 a	21.46 a	18.52 a
南冬抗22 Nandongkang 22	VER8	32.67 c	8.12 a	23.96 c	0.73 b	10.05 d	3.11 e
	VEV6	61.67 a	2.41 d	58.51 a	0.98 a	13.67 bc	12.89 bc
	VER1	46.67 b	3.99 b	38.98 b	0.87 ab	15.25 ab	9.47 d
	R1R8	59.67 a	3.58 bc	56.86 a	0.95 a	12.93 c	11.30 c
	R5R8	59.00 a	3.33 c	57.94 a	0.99 a	14.40 abc	14.20 b
	CK	62.00 a	1.69 d	59.98 a	0.97 a	15.82 a	16.10 a
2011
桂夏2号 Guixia 2	VER8	54.81 d	5.57 a	86.44 e	1.58 b	12.71 c	10.42 d
	VEV6	84.19 b	3.03 d	140.67 a	1.67 a	15.16 ab	20.08 a
	VER1	79.99 b	3.58 c	119.89 b	1.50 b	14.52 b	18.36 b
	R1R8	69.54 c	4.30 b	106.33 d	1.53 b	14.28 b	14.09 c
	R5R8	85.01 ab	3.23 d	113.22 c	1.33 c	14.72 b	14.65 c
	CK	91.33 a	1.61 e	137.89 a	1.14 d	15.80 a	20.61 a
南豆12 Nandou 12	VER8	33.16 c	6.43 a	27.74 d	0.84 d	11.04 e	5.63 e
	VEV6	44.65 b	2.34 d	54.56 ab	1.22 ab	19.77 b	12.06 c
	VER1	36.65 c	4.06 c	45.89 c	1.03 c	16.18 c	9.75 d
	R1R8	42.24 b	5.08 b	47.89 bc	1.08 bc	14.38 d	11.10 c
	R5R8	46.34 b	4.15 c	48.78 abc	1.06 bc	15.60 c	14.43 b
	CK	61.00 a	1.56 e	56.62 a	1.32 a	21.09 a	21.86 a
E61	VER8	32.47 d	6.42 a	28.67 c	0.89 b	10.93 d	5.66 c
	VEV6	42.54 bc	2.33 de	44.44 b	1.06 b	23.42 a	15.39 a
	VER1	40.61 bc	3.15 cd	41.04 b	1.01 b	21.60 b	9.61 b
	R1R8	35.71 cd	5.31 b	31.11 c	0.88 b	18.80 c	6.55 c
	R5R8	45.97 b	3.34 c	44.78 b	0.97 b	21.21 b	8.68 b
	CK	55.61 a	1.65 e	75.29 a	1.36 a	23.87 a	16.30 a
2012
桂夏2号 Guixia 2	VER8	45.22 d	6.24 a	67.89 e	1.50 e	10.87 d	7.38 e
	VER5	55.22 b	4.71 b	79.89 c	1.58 b	12.12 c	11.74 c
	VER2	55.56 b	4.30 c	88.78 b	1.65 a	15.24 b	13.53 b
	R2R8	46.78 c	3.68 d	77.11 d	1.54 c	14.70 b	9.34 d
	CK	75.78 a	1.40 e	114.50 a	1.51 d	19.97 a	22.87 a
南豆12 Nandou 12	VER8	26.60 e	6.33 a	44.10 e	1.67 b	15.56 d	6.86 e
	VER5	32.65 d	4.73 b	47.08 d	1.44 d	16.39 c	9.26 d
	VER2	35.32 c	2.74 d	73.68 c	1.50 c	19.67 b	10.77 c
	R2R8	52.76 b	3.61 c	93.74 b	1.78 a	15.12 d	15.92 b
	CK	58.60 a	1.29 e	98.68 a	1.68 b	20.47 a	20.20 a
C103	VER8	55.11 e	4.64 a	77.66 e	1.41 e	10.79 b	8.38 d
	VER5	58.53 d	3.18 b	99.84 d	1.71 c	8.89 c	8.87 cd
	VER2	64.37 b	2.29 d	116.89 b	1.93 a	9.11 c	10.65 b
	R2R8	60.44 c	2.73 c	111.22 c	1.73 b	8.28 d	9.21 c
	CK	77.57 a	1.47 e	120.78 a	1.56 d	29.20 a	35.27 a

同一品种内标以不同字母的值不同处理间在 P=0.05水平上差异显著。

Values within the same cultivar followed by different letters are significantly different between treatments at P= 0.05.

表4 不同生育时期遮阴对大豆产量性状的影响 Table 4 Effects of shading on yield characters of soybean at different growth stages

表5 形态性状及其比值与单株产量的简单相关系数 Table 5 Simple correlation coefficient between morphological and yield traits

表6 多元线性回归方程 Table 6 Multivariate linear regression equation

表7 关键形态性状及其比值的通径分析 Table 7 Path coefficients of key morphological traits

至幼穗分化1期遮阴分蘖数急剧下降, 株高增加, 始穗期至成熟期遮阴对株高和分蘖数影响小但对结实率和千粒重影响很大。本试验结果表明, 大豆前期遮阴(VER1和VER2)与后期遮阴(R1R8和R2R8)对大豆分枝数都有影响, 但后期遮阴使分枝数减少的程度显著大于前期遮阴。前人研究将作物不同农艺性状间的比值作为评价壮株和作物耐阴能力的指标^[21], 且大豆农艺性状与产量联系紧密, 本试验与前人研究结果^[8,9,10]一致, 主茎长、主茎长/茎粗比值和主茎长/分枝数比值等与单株产量呈极显著负相关, 分枝数与单株产量呈极显著正相关。为比较各形态性状及其比值对单株产量的效应, 本试验分别将每年的形态性状及其比值对单株产量做逐步回归和通径分析, 由于3年试验供试品种和试验设置有所不同, 3年试验所筛选的指标不同, 但主茎长/茎粗比值和主茎长/分枝数比值是3年试验共同筛选的指标, 且对单株产量都有较大的负效应。说明即使遮阴时期不同和大豆品种的生育时期结构不同, 主茎长/茎粗比值和主茎长/分枝数都能作为大豆在遮阴条件下间接反映其产量高低的关键指标。

4 结论

大豆前期遮阴对主茎形态性状影响更大, 后期遮阴对分枝数量影响更大; 不同大豆品种生育时期结构不同, 前后期受遮阴影响程度不同, R/V比值小于1.4时前期遮阴比后期遮阴对产量的不良影响更大, R/V比值大于等于1.5时后期遮阴比前期遮阴对产量的不良影响更大; 大豆植株形态与产量有紧密联系, 主茎长/茎粗和主茎长/分枝数是在遮阴条件下能反映大豆产量高低的重要指标。

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

作者已声明无竞争性利益关系。

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2006

0.0

0.7559

J Chin Inst Food Sci Tech. 2006, (4):1 - 5

Undertaking the Task for Revitalization of Our Soybean Industry

担起重振我国大豆产业的任务

YinZonglun

尹宗伦

中国大豆产业面临严峻的形势.一些有识之士发出了重振我国大豆产业的呼吁.大豆食品工业是大豆产业链的重要环节.作者从发展大豆食品工业的角度,提出了3个方面的看法和建议:1.从战略眼光重视大豆和大豆食品资源.2.推广大豆和大豆配料在食品和平衡膳食中的应用.3.相关各界合力促进大豆食品工业的健康发展.

... 我国大豆进口量逐年递增, 现在自给率不足20%, 欲解决大豆自给, 必须提高大豆单产和扩大种植面积^[1] ...

2008

0.0

0.7571

Soybean Sci. 2008, (1):1 - 7

Develop Relay-planting Soybean,Revitalize Soybean Industry

发展套作大豆,振兴大豆产业

YANGWen-yu^[1];YONGTai-wen^[1];RENWan-jun^[1];FANGao-qiong^[1];MUJin-yi^[2];LUXue-lan^[2]

杨文钰^[1];雍太文^[1];任万军^[1];樊高琼^[1];牟锦毅^[2];卢学兰^[2]

中国大豆供求失衡,振兴大豆产业势在必行.北方大豆正面临单位土地产出率低带来的比较效益低下、产销分离引起的成本增加、大面积重迎茬种植带来的减产严重、油酯和蛋白质含量不高等不利因素,限制了进一步发展.套作大豆作为南方新型旱地多熟种植模式的主体作物,具有与主要粮食作物和谐共存,蛋白质含量高、利于食用和加工业的发展,减轻季节性干旱的危害、实现抗旱增收等优点,发展潜力巨大.作者认为稳定北方大豆面积,提高单产,大力发展南方套作大豆是振兴我国大豆产业的必然之路.

... 东北和黄淮海大豆主产区由于水稻、玉米等大宗作物的迅速发展已难以扩大大豆种植面积, 因此在稳定北方大豆生产的基础上, 大力发展南方大豆是提高我国大豆种植面积的重要途径^[2] ...

... 南方土地复种指数高, 大豆多以间套作为主^[3], 间种套作大豆具有提高自然资源利用率^[2,3,4], 培肥地力^[5,6,7]和有效降低病虫害^[6,7]等生态效益优势, 但高秆作物对低位作物大豆遮阴成为了限制其产量的主要原因^[8], 遮阴增加大豆植株株高和底荚高度, 减少分枝数和茎粗, 而株高和底荚高度与产量呈负相关^[9,10] ...

2009

0.0

0.3268

Heilongjiang Agric Sci. 2009, (5):148 - 150

The Status and Prospects of Soybean with Great Tolerance to Shading in Southern of China

我国南方耐荫大豆的现状及前景

WUXun^[1];ZHANGMing-rong^[2];WUHai-ying^[2];HUANGYu-bi^[3];LIUGuo-lin^[2];YANGKe-xiang^[2]

吴迅^[1];张明荣^[2];吴海英^[2];黄玉碧^[3];刘国林^[2];杨克相^[2]

间、套作大豆种植模式作为目前南方大豆发展的新兴模式,在确保北方大豆生产,不与玉米等大宗作物争地的前提下,实现了南方大豆的发展.综述了大豆生产的重要意义、我国大豆资源情况、南方大豆种植情况、荫蔽对大豆生产的影响以及目前南方耐荫大豆种质的研究和利用情况.并认为,从DNA水平上鉴定大豆耐荫种质的遗传多样性,有利于认识和了解该类型品种耐荫性好,抗倒伏,产量高,蛋白质含量高,抗病避虫等优良特征特性的遗传本质.为研究大豆耐荫遗传机制,寻找新的耐荫标记和间、套作专用型大豆转基因育种提供理论依据.

2005

0.0

2012

0.0

0.6624

2005

0.0

1.0045

J Maize Sci. 2005, (2):85 - 89

Summary of Planting Patterns on Intercropping Maize

玉米间套作种植方式研究综述

LICai-hong;WUBo-zhi

李彩虹;吴伯志

阐述了国内外有关玉米间套作种植方式的研究进展,分析了间套作的生态效应、生理效应以及对作物病虫草害的影响和控制水土流失的作用,提出我国间套作应注意的关键问题.

2005

0.0

2000

0.0

... 3 讨论遮阴导致大豆生长发育^[20]、光合生理各异^[21], 最终造成产量差异^[8,9,10] ...

... 前人研究净作大豆时发现, 栽培大豆品种因人工选择等原因其营养生长期正逐步缩短, 生殖生长期正逐步延长, 即R/V比值在逐步增大, 产量逐步提高^[8,17] ...

... 普遍认为, 遮阴使大豆植株主茎长和节间长均增加, 茎粗和分枝数均减少^[8,9], 本试验研究结果与之一致 ...

... 前人研究将作物不同农艺性状间的比值作为评价壮株和作物耐阴能力的指标^[21], 且大豆农艺性状与产量联系紧密, 本试验与前人研究结果^[8,9,10]一致, 主茎长、主茎长/茎粗比值和主茎长/分枝数比值等与单株产量呈极显著负相关, 分枝数与单株产量呈极显著正相关 ...

2006

0.0

... 3 讨论遮阴导致大豆生长发育^[20]、光合生理各异^[21], 最终造成产量差异^[8,9,10] ...

... 普遍认为, 遮阴使大豆植株主茎长和节间长均增加, 茎粗和分枝数均减少^[8,9], 本试验研究结果与之一致 ...

2012

0.0

0.7571

... 3 讨论遮阴导致大豆生长发育^[20]、光合生理各异^[21], 最终造成产量差异^[8,9,10] ...

1983

6.535

0.0

Plant Physiol.. 1983, 73(2):434-9

Light and Shade Effects on Abscission and C-Photoassimilate Partitioning among Reproductive Structures in Soybean.

Heindl JC, Brun WA

Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108.

Field experiments were conducted in 1981 and 1982 to study the effects of low-irradiance supplemental light on soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr. cv Evans) flower and pod abscission. Cool-white and red fluorescent lights illuminated the lower part of the soybean canopy during daylight hours for 3 weeks late in flowering. At the same time, flowers and young pods on half the plants were shaded with aluminum foil. Flowers were tagged at anthesis and monitored through abscission or pod maturity.Responses to red and white lights were similar. Supplemental light tended to reduce abscission and increase seed weight per node compared to natural light. Shading flowers and pods increased abscission and reduced seed weight per node. Number of flowers produced per node, individual seed weight, and seeds per pod were not affected by light or shade treatments.Further studies examined the effects of shading reproductive structures on their capacity to accumulate (14)C-photoassimilates. Individual leaves were pulse labeled with (14)CO(2) 1, 2, and 4 weeks post anthesis. Flowers and pods in the axil of the labeled leaf were covered with aluminum foil 0, 24, 72, and 120 hours before pulsing.Shading flowers and pods resulted in a 30% reduction in the relative amount of radiolabel accumulated from the source leaf. The reduction in (14)C accumulation due to shading was evident regardless of the length of the shading period and was most pronounced when the shades were applied early in reproductive development. We conclude that light perceived by soybean flowers and young pods has a role in regulating both their abscission and their capacity to accumulate photoassimilates.

PMID: 16663234

... 遮阴对大豆形态性状和产量的影响已倍受关注, 前人从遮阴程度^[11,12]、苗期^[13]和鼓粒期^[12]等特定遮阴时期、大豆品种耐阴性^[14,16]等角度进行了一系列研究, 还筛选出评价大豆耐阴性强弱的农艺性状指标^[15] ...

1997

2.474

0.0

2007

0.0

0.7571

2007

0.0

0.7571

2003

0.0

1.1971

2012

0.0

... 黄其椿等^[16]研究表明, 大豆V3期前开始遮阴比R1期后开始遮阴对大豆单株荚数、粒数、产量等影响更大 ...

1990

0.0

0.7571

... 1 供试材料参照前人将生殖生长期(R)和营养生长期(V)天数之比(R/V)作为衡量大豆生育时期结构的指标^[17], 供试大豆品种及其生育时期见表1 ...

0.0

... 参照Fehr等^[18]的生育时期划分法, 以全生育期自然光照为对照(CK), 设置50%透光率^[19]的遮阳网对不同品种大豆不同生育时期遮阴处理 ...

2007

0.0

1.8267

Acta Agron Sin. 2007, 33(9):1502 - 1507

Effects of Shading in Maize/Soybean Relay-Cropping System on the Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Soybean

玉/豆套作荫蔽对大豆光合特性与产量的影响

WANG Zhu,YANG Wen-Yu*,WU Qi-Lin

王竹;杨文钰*;吴其林

College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, Sicuan, China

The maize/soybean relay-cropping experiment was conducted using three plant types of maize(with erect, semi-erect and flat leaves), and the mono-cropping soybean as control. The results showed that different plant-types of maize led to a different micro-climate for soybean growth, which was a direct factor leading to the changes in morphological and photosynthetic characters of soybean leaves after four-leaf age stage. Poor light resulted in lower SLW, photosynthetic rate, chlorophyl a/b ratio and higher LAI. And the more the shading, the lower photosynthetic ability and yield were. After harvesting maize, the photosynthesis inhibition is by shading at early stage of soybean could be ameliorated, its photosynthetic capacity recovered gradually. The restoration capability of soybean that in relay-cropping with erect maize was better than in others, and similar to that in mono-cropping at late growing stage. From the section at early bloom, we found that under shading, the leaf thickness decreased, epidermis cell became larger, cuticle became thinner, the differentiation of palisade tissue and spongy tissue was unconspicuous, intercellular space was larger. In conclusion, the relay-cropping with erect maize can reduce the shading stress and increase yield in soybean.

在“玉/豆”套作模式下研究了不同株型玉米遮荫对大豆光合特性与产量效益的影响。结果表明，不同株型玉米下大豆生长的温、湿度和透光率是导致大豆叶片形态和光合特性在四叶期后出现差异的直接原因。田间光照不足导致大豆叶面积指数增加，比叶重减小，光合速率和叶绿素a/b值降低，且荫蔽越严重，光合能力越弱，产量越低。玉米收获后，大豆前期遭受的光合抑制得到缓解，光合生产逐渐恢复，恢复能力最强的为紧凑型玉米下的大豆，其生育后期的光合能力已接近单作大豆。初花期组织切片观察发现，随着荫蔽程度的加重，大豆叶片变薄，表皮细胞体积变大，角质层变薄，栅栏组织和海绵组织分化不明显，细胞间隙增大。总之，与紧凑型玉米套作，可减缓大豆生长过程中的弱光胁迫，保证全年高产、高效。

... 参照Fehr等^[18]的生育时期划分法, 以全生育期自然光照为对照(CK), 设置50%透光率^[19]的遮阳网对不同品种大豆不同生育时期遮阴处理 ...

1999

0.0

1.7261

Chin J Appl Ecol. 1999, 10(2):193 - 196

Effect of shading on growth, development and yield formation of rice

不同生育期遮光对水稻生长发育和产量形成的影响

Cai Kunzheng, Luo Shiming

蔡昆争, 骆世明

Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Ecology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642

Field experiments under 45% shading at different stages(early, middle 1, middle 2 and later stages) of rice growth show that regardless of different stages, shading decreased the accumulation rate of dry matter and the uptake of nutrients, but increased the nutrient content in rice plant, and affected its yield in varying degrees. Shading at early growth stage mainly decreased tiller number, effective panicle number and leaf area index, and reduced yield by 11.56%, but increased plant height. At middle 1 stage, shading showed no significant influence on rice growth, and the yield was reduced by only 5.46%. At middle 2 stage, shading mainly decreased grains per panicle and 1000 grain weight, and the yield was reduced markedly by 30.80%. At later stage, shading decreased the percentage of filled grains and 1000 grain weight, and the yield was the lowest, reduced by 55.40%. Suggestions on the way of regulating sowing and transplanting dates and making fertilization decision under low light intensity also put forward in this paper.

研究了不同生育期遮光45%(水稻生长的前期、中1期、中2期、后期)对水稻形态发育、光合产物积累、稻株养分含量、产量构成等的影响,并重点研究了植株对N、P、K养分的吸收规律。结果表明,各期遮光后均使干物质积累速率降低,植株N、P、K养分吸收量减少,对产量有不同程度的影响,但植株体内N、P、K养分含量上升。前期遮光主要使分蘖数急剧下降,有效穗数减少,叶面积系数下降,产量下降11.56%,但株高增加;中1期遮光后对水稻生长影响不大,产量仅降低5.46%;中2期遮光主要使每穗粒数和千粒重下降,对产量影响较大,降低幅度达30.80%;后期遮光主要影响结实粒和千粒重,其产量最低,降低55.40%.文中还对弱光照条件下的生育期安排和施肥决策提出了建议.

... 3 讨论遮阴导致大豆生长发育^[20]、光合生理各异^[21], 最终造成产量差异^[8,9,10] ...

... 蔡昆争等^[20]研究表明水稻插秧 ...

2002

0.0

1.0948

Acta Hortic Sin. 2002, (5):427 - 432

Effects of Shading on Photosynthesis and Yield of Tomato Plants at Different Growth Stages

番茄不同生育阶段遮荫对光合作用与产量的影响

刘贤赵^[1];康绍忠^[2]

研究了番茄夏季不同生长阶段午间遮荫对光合作用、干物质分配和产量构成的影响.结果表明,不同时期遮荫使番茄初花期、盛花期和末花期午间气孔导度(Gs)和胞间CO2浓度(Ci)增加,75%遮荫显著降低净光合速率(Pn),但盛花期中度遮荫(40%遮荫)的Pn随着遮荫时间的增加逐渐上升,在末花期阶段表现尤为明显,8 d平均Pn比对照增加22%,蒸腾速率也显著增加.在初花和盛花期,重度遮荫(75%遮荫)显著降低根、茎干样质量,但中度遮荫使末花期的根、茎干样质量分别比对照(不遮荫)增加43%和22%,叶干样质量的增加不明显.初花期遮荫对果实产量影响不明显,但盛花期75%遮荫的总产量和有效产量显著降低;在末花期,与对照相比,40%的遮荫使总产量和有效产量显著增加,单果质量亦增加35%.这些结果表明,末花期午间适度遮荫有利于提高光合作用,增加干样质量和经济产量.

... 3 讨论遮阴导致大豆生长发育^[20]、光合生理各异^[21], 最终造成产量差异^[8,9,10] ...

2012

0.0

1.8267

Acta Agron Sin. 2012, 38(3):528 - 534 DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2012.00528

Effects of Growth Duration on Grain Yield and Quality in Rice (Oriza sativa L.)

水稻生育期对籽粒产量及品质的影响

LANG You-Zhong,DOU Yong-Xiu,WANG Mei-E,ZHANG Zu-Jian,ZHU Qing-Sen

郎有忠，窦永秀，王美娥，张祖建，朱庆森

Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province / Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China

It is important to clear the relationships of growth duration with rice yield and quality in determining the breeding objectives and cultivation strategies. In this paper, plants ofjaponica rice varieties Ning 111 and Chunjiang 302 with different growth durations resulted from short-day treatment were used to investigate the changes of yield and rice quality. The results showed that, the growth duration of more than 152 d had little effect on yield, but when less than 152 d, there was a significant positive correlation between growth duration and yield or dry matter accumulation; the smallest length and width of rice, as well as lowest protein content and setback of amylum were observed in the treatment G2 or G3, which had moderate growth duration of 131–132 d, the growth duration more than or less than 131–132 d would both increase the values of these rice quality indices; amylose content also showed a similar trend, and the minimum value in two species all appeared in treatment G3 (132 or 137d), while for breakdown of amylum, the trend was just opposite. The percentage of chalky grains, chalkiness and gelatinization temperature in two varieties rose with shortening growth duration; the effects of growth duration on milling quality were generally lower.

明确水稻生育期与产量、品质的关系，对水稻高产优质育种和合理栽培措施的制定，具有重要的意义。本文以晚粳宁111和春江302经遮光(短日照)处理后获得的不同生育期水稻植株为材料，分析其产量和米质指标。结果表明，生育期152 d以上时，对产量无显著影响，而生育期短于152 d时，产量与生育期间呈极显著正相关；成熟期群体干物质积累量随生育期变化的趋势与产量表现基本一致。不同稻米的长度、宽度、蛋白质含量以及淀粉消减值，均以中等偏短生育期(131~132 d)最小，大于或小于131~132 d，均会使上述指标值增加；两品种直链淀粉含量亦有相似的趋势，只是其最低值分别对应132和137 d的生育期；各处理稻米淀粉的崩解值变化与消减值趋势相反。对垩白粒率、垩白度及糊化温度，各处理均呈随生育期延长而降低的趋势；生育期变化对碾米品质影响总体上较小。

... 朗有忠等^[22]研究表明, 水稻籽粒产量随全生育期的延长而增加, 但生育期超过152 d后,籽粒增产效果不明显 ...

2002

0.0

1.0948

Acta Hortic Sin. 2002, (2):123 - 127

Effects of Low Light on Morphological and Physiological Indexes of Tomato at Different Growth Stages

弱光处理对番茄不同生育期形态和生理指标的影响

侯兴亮;李景富;许向阳

研究结果表明:番茄不同生育阶段耐弱光性不同,弱光下番茄苗期表现为徒长趋势,叶干样质量/叶面积与叶面积/全株干样质量上升,叶绿素含量、叶绿素b/a值和坐果率增加,可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量下降;与苗期相比,开花坐果期POD酶活性和可溶性蛋白含量增加,坐果率下降.

... 侯兴亮等^[23]研究发现番茄苗期遮阴株高/茎粗比值增加较多但坐果率高, 而开花座果期遮阴株高/茎粗比值增加较小但座果率低, 本试验研究发现, 不仅前期遮阴(VER1和VER2)主茎长/茎粗比值增加程度显著大于后期遮阴(R1R8和R2R8), 第一节间长度和主茎节数等主茎形态性状受前期遮阴影响程度均显著大于后期遮阴, 表明前期遮阴大豆主茎形态受影响较大 ...