两个超级杂交水稻品种物质生产的特性

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纪洪亭, 冯跃华, 何腾兵, 李云, 武彪, 王小艳. 两个超级杂交水稻品种物质生产的特性. 作物学报, 2013, 39(12): 2238-2246[JI Hong-Ting, FENG Yue-Hua, HE Teng-Bing, LI Yun, WU Biao, WANG Xiao-Yan. Dynamic Characteristics of Matter Population in Two Super Hybrid Rice Cultivars. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2013, 39(12): 2238-2246] 复制到剪切板

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两个超级杂交水稻品种物质生产的特性

纪洪亭, 冯跃华^*, 何腾兵, 李云, 武彪, 王小艳

贵州大学农学院, 贵州贵阳550025

^* 通讯作者(Corresponding author): 冯跃华, E-mail:fengyuehua2006@126.com, Tel: 13984385198

第一作者联系方式: E-mail:jihongting2010@126.com

收稿日期:2013-07-25

基金:本研究由国家自然科学基金项目(31160263, 31360311), 贵州省科技重大专项计划项目(黔科合重大专项字[2011]6012-1), 贵州省农业科技攻关项目(黔科合NY[2011]3085号)和贵州省科学技术基金项目(黔科合J字[2011]2139号)资助。

摘要

定量分析超级杂交水稻若干群体指标的动态特征, 以期为其高产栽培提供依据。于2011年和2012年在大田条件下, 以超级杂交水稻准两优527、Q优6号和对照品种II优838为试材, 通过连续测定干物质和叶面积, 建立了水稻群体干物质和相对叶面积指数动态模型, 进而以群体干物质和相对叶面积指数模型为基础, 分析了超级杂交水稻作物生长率、相对生长率、光合势、净同化率、叶面积比率动态变化特征。结果表明, 超级杂交水稻快增期的干物质积累量及其占总生物量的比例均高于对照。作物生长率(CGR)随移栽后时间呈先升高后下降的单峰曲线变化, 其快增期的CGR较大。与对照相比, 超级杂交水稻相对生长率(RGR)表现出上升快、峰值大、下降快的特点。准两优527在移栽后23 d至成熟期高于对照, Q优6号的RGR在移栽后43 d以前低于对照, 移栽后43 d至113 d高于对照, 两者在移栽后113 d至成熟期的RGR相差不大。不同水稻净同化率(NAR)随移栽后时间呈先上升后下降的单峰曲线变化, 最大NAR出现在移栽后43~53 d。总光合势与快增期光合势及与快增期绿叶面积持续时间均呈极显著正相关。2个超级杂交水稻叶面积比率(LAR)在移栽后23 d至43 d迅速下降, 移栽后43 d至73 d缓慢下降, 移栽后73 d至成熟期快速下降, 其快增期的LAR较大。

关键词: 超级杂交水稻; 群体生长率; 相对生长率; 光合势; 净同化率; 叶面积比率; 动态特征

Dynamic Characteristics of Matter Population in Two Super Hybrid Rice Cultivars

JI Hong-Ting, FENG Yue-Hua^*, HE Teng-Bing, LI Yun, WU Biao, WANG Xiao-Yan

College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China

Abstract

In order to find foundations of high-yield cultivation in super hybrid rice (SHR), we modeled on dynamics of population indices. A field experiment with two super hybrid rice cultivars (Zhunliangyou 527, Q you 6) and control (II you 838) was conducted in 2011 and 2012, and dry matter accumulation (DMA) and leaf area index (LAI) were measured. The dynamic equations of DMA and relative leaf area index (RLAI) were established and the dynamic characteristics of crop growth rate (CGR), relative growth rate (RGR), leaf area duration (LAD), net assimilation rate (NAR), and specific leaf area (LAR) were analyzed based on the equations. The DMA and its proportion to the total biomass at rapid growth stage were significantly higher than those of Control. In the process of time after transplanting, the tendency of CGR was expressed in a single peak curve, and CGR of two SHR was higher than that of control in rapid growth stage. The RGR of Zhunliangyou 527 was higher than that of control from 23 d after transplanting to mature period. As compared with the RGR of control, the RGR of Q you 6 was lower before 43 d after transplanting, higher from 43 d to 113 d after transplanting, and not much difference from 113 d after transplanting to maturity. A significant correlation was observed between gross LAD and LAD at rapid growth stage, and also between gross LAD and duration of LAI at rapid growth stage. Compared with Control, the RGR of SHR showed faster increasing and decreasing, and its peak value was higher. A single peak curve was available for the dynamic changes of NAR with its most high value from 43 d to 53 d after transplanting. The LAR of two SHR decreased fast from 23 d to 43 d after transplanting, moderately from 73 d to mature stage, and slowly from 43 d to 73 d after transplanting stage. The LAR of two SHR was higher in rapid growth stage than that of control.

Keyword: Super hybrid rice; CGR; RGR; LAD; NAR; LAR; Dynamic characteristic

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目前我国正在大力推广超级水稻, 与一般高产水稻相比, 超级杂交水稻产量潜力较高。研究超级杂交水稻主要群体指标动态变化特征, 对充分发挥超级杂交水稻的产量潜力, 实现超级杂交水稻大面积高产栽培具有重要意义。关于超级杂交水稻物质生产特性的研究已有较多报道^{[ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]}。一些学者对不同生育阶段平均作物生长率的动态变化进行了研究^{[ 9, 10, 11]}, 然而阶段性的作物生长率动态变化不能准确反映群体生长率的瞬时变化; 另一些学者利用数学模型对相对群体干物质积累速率进行了分析^{[ 12, 13]}, 因作物群体干物质的积累速率=相对群体干物质积累速率×最大干物质积累量/生育期, 并且作物不同品种的最大群体干物质积累量和生育期不同, 所以不同品种间群体相对干物质积累速率的差异不能准确反映其群体干物质积累速率的差异, 即不同品种的作物生长率的差异不能被反映。关于水稻干物质积累的过程的划分, 也有一些报道。朱庆森等^{[ 14]}利用Richards方程的2个拐点将水稻籽粒灌浆的过程划分为前、中、后期, 并对籽粒灌浆速率、平均生长速率、相对生长速率等指标进行了分析。李艳大等^{[ 15]}利用Richards方程的2个拐点将水稻整个干物质积累过程划分为渐增(0~0.40)、快增期(0.40~0.71)和缓增期(0.71~0.91), 具有明确的生物学意义, 比实际观察法更确切更易操作, 然而其未对水稻群体指标动态特征做进一步分析。本研究定量分析准两优527和Q优6号群体指标的动态特征, 以期为其高产栽培提供依据。

1 材料与方法

1.1 试验设计

试验于2011年和2012年在贵州大学教学实验农场进行, 试验田土壤为黄泥土, 含有机质38.11 g kg^-1、全氮2.93 g kg^-1、全磷1.35 g kg^-1、全钾7.76 g kg^-1、碱解氮228.63 mg kg^-1、速效磷29.46 mg kg^-1、速效钾172.69 mg kg^-1、pH 6.3。试材为准两优527、Q优6号超级稻品种、II优838对照品种。采用单因素随机区组设计, 品种为试验因素, 3个品种即为3个水平, 重复3次, 共9个小区; 小区面积9 m×6 m; 株行距20.0 cm×26.7 cm; 走道宽50 cm, 四周种保护行。氮肥(纯氮)用量为240 kg hm^-2, 基肥、分蘖肥、促花肥和保花肥的用量分别占总施氮量的35%、20%、30%和15%; 磷肥(P₂O₅) 120 kg hm^-2, 全部基施, 钾肥(K₂O) 240 kg hm^-2分2次施用, 基肥和促花肥各半。2011年5月1日播种, 6月7日移栽, 10月16日收获; 2012年4月18日播种, 6月8日移栽, 10月21日收获。每穴单本栽插, 其他同大田管理。两年试验均采用相同品种、同一当地高产栽培方式, 相同田块和相同小区。

1.2 测定项目与方法

1.2.1 群体干物质积累量(DMA)和叶面积指数(LAI)

从水稻移栽至成熟, 每10 d每小区随机选取代表性稻株6株, 将绿叶和茎鞘分开, 在105℃下杀青30 min, 75℃烘干48 h至恒重后称量, 计算群体地上部干物质积累量。以长×宽×0.75测定叶面积^{[ 16, 17]}。

1.2.2 作物生长率(CGR) 采用朱庆森等^{[ 14]}的方法。

1.2.3 相对生长率(RGR) 即单位时间瞬时干重的速率变化。 RGR_t = CGR_t /W_t, 其中, RGR_t是t时间的相对生长率, CGR_t是t时间的作物生长率, W_t是t时间的干物重。

1.2.4 平均叶面积和光合势(LAD)以及最大叶面积指数出现时间采用文献^{[ 18, 19]}方法计算。将相对LAI动态模型 y=( a+ bx)/(1+ cx+ dx²)从 x₁到 x₂积分即为 x₁至 x₂时期总相对光合势(RLAD); 将RLAD除以持续时间 x₂- x₁, 可得到 x₁至 x₂时期平均相对叶面积指数(ARLAI); 然后乘以最大叶面积指数即可得 x₁至 x₂时期平均叶面积指数(ALAI)。总光合势、最大叶面积指数(LAI_max)以及大田期生长时间三者的乘积即为大田期实际总LAD。

ARLAI= RLAD/( x₂- x₁)

ALAI= ARLAI× LAI_max

对相对 LAI动态模型 y=( a+ bx)/(1+ cx+ dx²)求一阶导数即可得相对 LAI变化速率方程, 令相对 LAI变化速率方程等于0, 即可得到最大 LAI出现的相对时间 x。

1.2.5 净同化率(NAR) 即单位叶面积的作物生长率。 NAR_t = CGR_t /L_t, 其中, NAR_t是t时间的净同化率, CGR_t是t时间的作物生长率, L_t是t时间的叶面积。

1.2.6 叶面积比率(LAR) 即单位干物重的叶面积。 LAR_t = L_t/ W_t, 其中, L_t为t时间的叶面积, W_t是t时间所对应的植株干物重。

1.3 数据处理与分析

利用归一化方法^{[ 20, 21]}, 将水稻移栽至成熟的生长时间( T_t)与最大 LAI ( LAI_M)定为1, 得到相对时间 T_R(0~1)、相对叶面积指数 LAI_R(0~1)。

T_R = T_i/ T_t, T_i为移栽至 i天的生长时间, T_t为移栽至成熟的天数。

LAI_R= LAI_i/ LAI_M, 其中, LAI_i为第 i天的实测 LAI, LAI_M为最大 LAI。

1.4 建模与检验方法

利用2011年和2012年群体干物质数据建立模型; 2011年叶面积数据用于相对叶面积指数模型的构建, 2012年叶面积数据用于相对叶面积指数模型的检验。利用Curve Expert 1.50软件对方程进行拟合, 用SAS9.0统计分析数据。

采用根均方差( RMSE)和相对根均方差( RRMSE)来衡量模拟值与实测值之间的符合度, RRMSE值若小于10%, 表明模拟值与观测值之间的一致性很好, 10%~20%为比较好, 20%~30%表明模拟效果一般^{[ 22, 23, 24]}。

式中, O_i为实测值, P_i为模拟值, n为样本容量; O为实测值的平均值。

1.5 Gompertz方程参数及干物质积累过程特征值

以Gompertz方程 y= ae^-exp( ^b^- ^cx⁾求一阶导数得到作物生长率, 即 y′= acexp ^b^- ^cx^-exp( ^b^- ^cx⁾, 该方程为一连续变化的单峰曲线, 其中, y为群体干物质积累量, x为移栽后天数, y′为作物生长率。对式 y= ae^-exp( ^b^- ^cx⁾求二阶导数, 令其分别等于0, 可得最大群体生长率出现的时间 x₂ =b/c, 此时最大作物生长率 y′= ac/e。对Gompertz方程求三阶导数, 可得水稻干物质积累动态曲线的2个拐点 x₁ =( b-0.9614)/ c, x₃ =( b+0.9614)/ c。

在[0~ x₁]阶段为干物质积累缓增期, 该期作物生长率缓慢增加, [ x₁~ x₃]时期为干物质积累快增期, [ x₃~成熟期]为干物质减速增长期, 干物质积累在此期仍在增加, 但其作物生长率较低, 且随生育进程逐渐下降^{[ 15, 25]}。

2 结果与分析

2.1 不同水稻品种产量

由表1可知, 2个超级杂交水稻2011年和2012年的平均稻谷产量分别为10 531.9 kg hm^-2和8 518.4 kg hm^-2, 分别比对照高3.9%和9.6%, 两者差异不显著, 其中准两优527的稻谷产量显著高于对照。2个超级杂交水稻2年产量的平均值虽与对照差异不显著, 但仍比对照高6.2%。

表1 不同水稻品种产量 Table 1 The yield in different cultivars of rice (kg hm^-2)

2个超级杂交水稻2011年的平均生物产量为17 729.5 kg hm^-2, 比对照高10.3%, 但差异不显著。2012年的平均生物产量为15 631.8 kg hm^-2, 比对照高12.9%, 差异显著。其2年生物产量的平均值比对照高11.5%, 差异显著。

2.2 不同水稻品种群体干物质积累动态

不同水稻2011年和2012年的群体干物质积累动态基本一致。以2012年数据为例, 移栽后, 不同水稻群体干物质积累量呈“慢-快-慢”的S型曲线变化; 3个水稻品种在前期增长缓慢, 中期增长迅速, 此后增长又趋于缓慢, 至成熟期达最大值。成熟期的群体干物质积累量, 准两优527和Q优6号分别为16 386.2 kg hm^-2和153 031.5 kg hm^-2, 分别比对照高18.0%和8.2% (图1)。

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	图1 不同水稻品种群体干物质积累动态Fig. 1 Dynamics of dry matter accumulation in different rice cultivars

2.3 不同水稻品种叶面积指数的动态变化

由图2可知, 不同水稻品种叶面积指数移栽后, 前期缓慢增长, 中期快速增长, 至最大值后迅速下降。准两优527在整个大田期叶面积指数与对照相差不大, Q优6号生育中、前期的叶面积指数相差不大, 在抽穗以后衰减速度较快。

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	图2 不同水稻品种叶面积指数的动态Fig. 2 Dynamics of LAI in different rice cultivars

2.4 水稻群体干物质积累Gompertz模型的建立与分析

利用2011年和2012年不同品种水稻群体干物质积累量数据, 以移栽后生长时间( T_R)为自变量, 群体干物质积累量( DMA_R)为因变量, 建立了基于Gompertz方程 y= ae^-exp( ^b^- ^cx⁾的水稻群体干物质积累动态模型, 进而分别对同一水稻品种2年群体干物质积累方程参数及其特征参数进行了方差分析(表2)。

通过对超级杂交水稻与对照干物质积累特征参

数对比分析表明, 准两优527最大作物生长率(MCGR)出现在移栽后72 d, Q优6号MCGR出现在移栽后69 d, 而对照MCGR出现在移栽后68 d。准两优527干物质积累的快增期起始于移栽后42 d, 结束于移栽后103 d; Q优6号干物质积累的快增期起始于移栽后44 d, 结束在移栽后95 d, 对照干物质快速增长期始于移栽后42 d, 结束于移栽后93 d; 超级杂交水稻快增强的持续时间比对照长6 d (数据为2年数据的平均值)。

不同干物质积累模型参数组合反应了不同的干物质积累过程。本研究结果表明, 相同品种不同年份各参数之间差异不显著, 说明同一水稻品种不同年份群体干物质积累过程表现出相似的规律。本文利用2012年不同水稻品种试验数据, 分析2个超级杂交水稻群体指标的动态变化。

表2 不同水稻品种群体干物质积累动态模型参数 Table 2 Parameters of dry matter accumulation dynamic equation of different rice cultivars

2.5 水稻相对叶面积指数动态模型的建立与检验

2.5.1 模型的建立参考李向岭等^{[ 18]}和张宾等^{[ 19]}的方法, 用Ration方程 y=( a+ bx)/(1+ cx+ dx²)分析超级杂交水稻相对LAI动态变化特征, 其中 y为相对叶面积指数, x为移栽后天数的相对值。利用2011年试验数据, 采用Curve Expert 1.50软件对移栽后的相对时间和相对LAI进行拟合来确定方程的参数(表3)。

表3 不同水稻品种相对叶面积动态模型参数 Table 3 Parameters of LAI equation of different rice cultivars

2.5.2 模型的检验利用2012年的LAI试验数据检验模型。不同水稻的根均方差( RMSE)分别为0.39、0.32、0.26, 对应的相对根均方差( RRMSE)分别为15.1%、14.6%和11.0%, 说明模拟值与实测值吻合度较好, 可用该方程对2012年群体相关指标进行分析。

2.6 超级杂交水稻生长特征分析

2.6.1 不同生育阶段干物质积累由表4可知, 2个超级杂交水稻不同生育阶段群体干物质积累量及其占总生物量的比例均表现为快增期>减速增长期>缓增期。2个超级杂交水稻缓增期的干物质积累量及其占总生物量的比例略低于对照, 差异不显著, 但快增期的干物质积累量高于对照, 差异显著, 干物质积累量占总生物量的比例较对照高12.5%; 在减速增长期, 超级杂交水稻干物质积累量及其占总生物量的比例分别较对照低1551.3 kg hm^-2、8.4%, 差异不显著。

表4 超级杂交水稻不同生育阶段干物质积累 Table 4 Dry matter accumulation (DMA) of super hybrid rice at different stages

2.6.2 作物生长率(CGR) 由图3可知, 2个超级杂交水稻作物生长率动态变化呈前期缓慢增加, 中期快速增加, 至最大值后缓慢下降的趋势。与对照相比, 准两优527缓增期的CGR基本相当, Q优6号的CGR略低; 超级杂交水稻快增期的CGR较高; 在减速增长期, 准两优527的CGR高, 而Q优6号低。

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	图3 不同水稻品种作物生长率动态变化Fig. 3 Dynamic changes of CGR in different rice cultivars

2.6.3 相对生长率(RGR) 由图4可以看出, 不同水稻品种的RGR随移栽后时间的推移呈先升高后下降的单峰曲线, 最大值出现在移栽后53~63 d。对2个超级杂交水稻的RGR分析表明, 准两优527在移栽后63 d前高于Q优6号, 移栽后63 d至成熟期两者相差不大。准两优527和Q优6号NAR到达峰值的时间分别为移栽后53 d和63 d。

与对照相比, 准两优527的RGR在移栽后23 d至成熟期较高。Q优6号在移栽后43 d前较低, 移栽后43 d至移栽后113 d较高, 移栽后113 d至成熟期差异不显著。

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	图4 不同水稻品种相对生长率动态变化Fig. 4 Dynamic changes of RGR in different rice cultivars

2.6.4 平均叶面积指数(ALAI)和光合势(LAD)

绿叶面积持续时间为快增期(P₂)>缓慢增长期(P₁)>减速增长期(P₃), 群体平均LAI为快增期(P₂)>减速增长期(P₃)>缓增期(P₁)。光合势为快增期(P₂)>减速增长期(P₃)>缓增期(P₁)(表5)。

表5 不同水稻品种不同时期光合势分析 Table 5 Analysis on leaf area duration (LAD) of different rice cultivars at different period

准两优527的平均叶面积指数和总光合势均高于对照, 而Q优6号均低于对照。2个超级杂交水稻最大叶面积出现的时间均早于对照。

相关性分析表明, 总光合势与快增期的光合势、绿叶面积持续时间呈极显著正相关, 与快速期的平均叶面积指数相关性不显著。快增期光合势与绿叶面积持续时间和平均叶面积指数呈极显著正相关, 绿叶面积持续时间与平均叶面积指数不相关。Q优6号总光合势较低的原因是其快增期绿叶的持续时间较短及平均叶面积指数较低, 快增期绿叶持续时间对总光合势产生直接影响, 而平均叶面积指数主要是通过影响快增期光合势来影响总光合势(表6)。

表6 各相关参数间的相关系数 Table 6 Coefficients of correlation between relative parameters

2.6.5 净同化率(NAR) 不同水稻品种净同化率(NAR)随移栽后时间呈先升高后下降的趋势, 最大NAR出现在移栽后43~53 d。2个超级水稻NAR在移栽后23~43 d以前迅速上升的, 移栽后43~53 d准两优527缓慢上升, 而Q优6号则缓慢下降, 移栽后53~83 d的NAR迅速下降, 移栽后83 d至成熟期, NAR则缓慢下降。与对照相比, 在移栽后23 d至成熟期, 2个超级杂交稻的NAR均较高(图5)。

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	图5 不同水稻品种净同化率Fig. 5 Dynamic changes of NAR in different rice cultivars

2.6.6 叶面积比率(LAR) 不同水稻品种叶面积比率随移栽后时间的推移呈下降趋势(图6), 移栽后23~43 d LAR迅速下降, 移栽后43~73 d缓慢下降, 移栽后73 d至成熟期下降速度变快。除Q优6号的LAR在移栽后23~33 d低于对照外, 准两优527和Q优6号的LAR在移栽后93 d以前高于对照, 移栽后93 d至成熟期与对照相差不大。

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	图6 不同水稻品种叶面积比率的动态变化Fig. 6 Dynamic changes of LAR in different rice cultivars

2.6.7 作物群体指标的综合分析相关性分析表明, 群体生长率与总生物量显著相关, 其他指标与总生物量相关性不显著, 说明作物生长率是水稻群体干物质积累过程中一个重要指标。作物生长率与平均叶面积指数呈正相关, 但不显著, 与净同化率呈显著正相关, 平均叶面积与净同化率呈显著正相关。因此, 作物生长率主要受净同化率的影响, 叶面积通过影响净同化率间接影响作物生长率。净同化率与叶面积比率呈极显著负相关(表7)。

表7 各群体指标的相关性 Table 7 Coefficients of correlation between population indices

3 讨论

作物生长模拟方程可解释作物生长动态, 其推导出的特征参数具有生物学意义^{[ 26, 27]}, 特征参数在不同的气象条件下虽存在差异, 但干物质积累特征基本一致^{[ 28]}。在相同的栽培措施条件下, 本研究通过建立数学模型对准两优527和Q优6号群体干物质的积累特征以及主要群体指标进行了分析。从所建模型可以看出, 不同年份间模型的参数以及干物质积累特征参数之间差异不显著, 表明2年不同水稻群体干物质积累的特征基本一致。

赵娇等^{[ 28]}研究表明, 快增期结束时间离收获期越近, 持续时间越长, 有利于产量的提高。刘娟等^{[ 29]}分析得出, 快增期是干物质积累变化速率对密度的敏感反映期。明确超级杂交水稻快增期的起止时间, 有利于其群体的调控。本研究表明, 超级杂交水稻快增期的干物质积累量及占总生物量的比例均显著高于对照, 其快增期的持续时间比对照的长6 d; 准两优527群体干物质积累的快速增长期开始于移栽后42 d, 结束于移栽后103 d, 而Q优6号这两时间分别是移栽后44 d和移栽后95 d。

作物群体生长率即单位面积上群体干物质的积累速率, 它可以很好地反映水稻整个生育期的干物质积累情况。本研究通过对水稻群体干物质积累量动态模型Gompertz方程求导, 可获得瞬时群体生长率方程, 利用该方程可得到瞬时群体生长率随移栽后时间的动态变化曲线, 进而对不同水稻品种的群体生长率进行了比较分析。2个超级杂交水稻的CGR呈先升高后下降的单峰曲线, 最大CGR出现在移栽后69~72 d。准两优527缓增期的作物生长率与对照基本相当, Q优6号的作物生长率低于对照, 这可能与Q优6号缓慢增长期相对生长率低有关; 2个超级杂交水稻快增期的作物生长率均明显高于对照, 主要原因是CGR主要受NAR的影响, 2个超级杂交水稻快增期的NAR较高; 减速增长期2个超级杂交水稻表现不一致, 准两优527的CGR高于对照, 而Q优6号CGR低于对照, 其原因是减速增长期Q优6号的叶面积衰减较快, 叶面积较小。因此, 减缓Q优6号减速增长期叶面积衰减速度, 保持一个适宜的叶面积指数可以进一步提高其产量。

本研究表明, 不同水稻相对生长率(RGR)移栽以后逐渐增加, 至移栽后53~63 d (约为孕穗期)达到最大值, 孕穗期以后植株逐渐以生殖生长为中心, RGR逐渐减小。2个超级杂交水稻相对生长率在孕穗期以后高于对照, 说明超级杂交水稻在孕穗期以后具有较强的“源”供应能力, 这可能是超级杂交水稻产量较高的一个原因。

光合势(LAD)是单位土地面积的绿叶面积与光合时间的乘积, 由叶面积指数及其持续时间共同决定。有研究表明, LAD比LAI更能解析超级稻的物质生产优势^{[ 9]}。总光合势与快增期光合势、快增期绿叶面积持续时间呈极显著正相关。Q优6号总光合势较低的原因是其快增期绿叶的持续时间较短以及平均叶面积指数较低。

本研究表明, 不同水稻净同化率(NAR)随移栽后时间呈先上升后下降的偏峰曲线, NAR在移栽后43~53 d达到最大值, 移栽后43~53 d至移栽后83 d迅速下降, 其原因为作物群体叶面积指数会影响净同化率, 叶面积指数达高峰期, 叶片相互遮蔽使群体受光面积不再随叶面积的增加而增加。同时, 移栽后43~53 d至移栽后83 d处于水稻拔节至抽穗期, 植株新陈代谢旺盛, 呼吸消耗多, 导致净同化率迅速下降。移栽后83 d以后, 叶面积逐渐衰减, 群体干物质积累速度减慢, 净同化率趋于平缓。

从作物的生活周期来看, 随叶片的增长减缓、停滞和衰老, 叶面积比率(LAR)越来越小^{[ 31]}。超级杂交水稻LAR动态过程呈三段变化, 即移栽后23~43 d LAR迅速下降, 移栽后43 d~73 d缓慢下降, 移栽后73 d至成熟期快速下降。LAR反映了源供应能力的强弱以及源库是否协调^{[ 30]}, 2个超级杂交水稻在生育中后期的LAR较大, 说明其源供应能力较强。

4 结论

快增期是超级杂交水稻与对照干物质积累量差异较大的时期。CGR可以很好地反映水稻整个生育期的干物质积累情况, 超级杂交稻的CGR随移栽后时间呈单峰曲线变化, 前期缓慢增加, 中期快速增加, 至最大值后缓慢下降。超级杂交水稻干物质积累快增期的CGR、RGR、NAR、LAR均高于对照。

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

作者已声明无竞争性利益关系。The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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2005

0.0

0.3962

Liaoning Agric Sci. 2005, (3):6 - 8

Studies on Production Characters of Dry Matter in High-yield Rice

高产水稻品种干物质生产特性研究

FANShu-xiu;CHENWen-fu;WANGJia-yu

范淑秀;陈温福;王嘉宇

以3个水稻品种为试材,从物质生产角度研究水稻高产形成的原因.研究结果表明:高的干物质积累总量亦即高的生物产量是获得高产的物质基础.高产和超高产品种的物质生产优势表现在生育中期和后期,其生育中期和后期群体生长率显著高于低产品种.高产品种籽粒产量主要来源于生育后期叶片制造的光合产物,并与其齐穗后具有较高的叶面积指数且持续时间较长密切相关.

... 关于超级杂交水稻物质生产特性的研究已有较多报道^{[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]} ...

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. , 41(7):1927-1936

Study on yield stability and dry matter characteristics of super hybrid rice

Ao H-J , 敖和军), Wang S-H , 王淑红), Zou Y-B , 邹应斌), Peng S-B , 彭少兵), Tang Q-Y , 唐启源), Fang Y-X , 方远祥), Xiao A-M , 肖安民), Chen Y-M , 陈玉梅), Xiong C-M

【目的】探明超级杂交稻在不同种植地点和不同施肥量条件下的产量表现及干物质生产特点。【方法】于2004～2005年在湖南省桂东、长沙、衡阳、南县和永州5个地点进行大田试验，按照N﹕P2O5﹕K2O为1﹕0.5﹕1的比例，设置3种施肥量处理（135、180、225 kg N•ha-1），田间采用随机区组排列，4次重复，以超级杂交稻组合准两优527和两优293为试验材料。【结果】超级杂交稻收获产量以桂东点产量最高，地点间差异显著，其中准两优527平均为7 492.3～12 209.2 kg•ha-1，两优293为6 984.0～11 679.5 kg•ha-1。产量构成因子和干物质生产量的地点间变化与收获产量一致，但在同一地点的不同施肥量处理间收获产量和干物质生产量差异均不显著。收获产量与单位面积穗数、结实率和千粒重表现为正相关，而与每穗粒数表现为负相关。【结论】超级杂交稻存在适宜的种植区域，且在施肥量为135～225 kg N•ha-1的范围内，施肥量不是超高产栽培的限制因子。超级杂交稻的库容量大，提高结实率和粒重是获得超高产的可能途径。

... 关于超级杂交水稻物质生产特性的研究已有较多报道^{[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]} ...

2006

0.0

0.7823

Chin Agric Bull. 2006, 22(2):185 - 185

Characteristics of Dry Matter Accumulation and Partitioning in the Process of Yield Formation in Different Rice Cultivars

不同水稻产量形成过程的干物质积累与分配特征

Lin Ruiyu1,2, Liang Yiyuan2, Cai Biqiong1, He Haibin1, Lin Wenxiong1,2,3

林瑞余1,2，梁义元2，蔡碧琼1，何海斌1，林文雄1,2,3

(1School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002; 2Institute of Agro-ecology, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002; 3 Key Laboratory of Biopestcide and Chem-biology (Fujian Agriculture & Forestry Uni

Characteristics of dry matter accumulation and distribution in three different rice cultivars, i.e. three-line hybrid rice Shanyou 63, two-line hybrid rice Liangyou 2186 and traditional rice IR 64, were studied in experimental farm of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou China in 2003. The results showed that the three rice cultivars performanced the same trends in the accumulation of dry matter, and no significant difference was found in all entries throughout all developmental stages. The amounts of accumulated dry matter in Shanyou 63, Liangyou 2186 and IR64 were 2074.13 g/m2, 1976.10 g/m2 and 1924.14 g/m2 at yellow mature stage, respectively, showing no significant different among them, then went down to 1926.38 g/m2, 1933.80 g/m2 and 1842.30 g/m2 at fully grain-maturing stage, accompanying with 7.12%, 2.63% and 4.25% consumed amounts of total dry matter accumulated at yellow maturing stage during full mature stage for Shanyou 63, Liangyou 2186 and IR64, which were considered to be related to higher respiration and natural plant aging. The community growth rate(CGR) of Shanyou 63 and IR64 peaked at full tilling stage, indicating 52.13 g/(m2?d) and 44.26 g/(m2?d) respectively, and Liangyou 2186 peaked at early heading stage with a value of 45.15 g/(m2?d). The CGR of the three rice cultivars changed in different developmental stage showed in the order: Early heading stage(Full heading stage)>Grain filling stage >Yellow maturing stage>Full tilling stage>Early tilling stage. Moreover, the rates of dry matter partitioning to the sink of grain in Shanyou 63, Liangyou 2186 and IR 64 were 47.94%, 41.14% and 45.69% respectively, of which about 46.87%, 24.98% and 34.41% dry matter stored in leaf, stem, shealth and root were translocated to grain sink in the process of grain filling. In view of translocation and partitioning coefficients of dry matter to grain, Shanyou 63（three-line hybrid rice）was much more advantageous over Liangyou 2186 (two-line hybrid rice) and IR 64 (traditional rice). In addition, the regression for dry matter accumulation over the rice growing and developing course showed that it could be fit by cubic equation better than that by Logistic equation, with R2 > 0.99 for any of the three rice cultivars.

2003年在福建农林大学教学农场以晚季稻汕优63（三系杂交稻）、两优2186（二系杂交稻）和IR64（常规稻）为材料，研究了3种晚季水稻产量形成过程的干物质积累与分配特征。结果表明，汕优63、两优2186和IR64的干物质积累量在各生育期的变化趋势相似，干物质积累量间亦无显著差异。汕优63、两优2186和IR64的干物质积累量均在黄熟期最高，依次达到2074.13 g/m2、1976.10 g/m2和1924.14 g/m2，完熟期时依次降低到1926.38 g/m2、1933.80 g/m2和1842.30 g/m2，完熟过程中损耗的干物质分别占其干物质积累量的7.12%、2.63%和4.25%，这与呼吸消耗增强，稻株自然衰老有关。汕优63和IR64的群体生长率均以孕穗初期最大，分别为52.13 g/(m2·d)和44.26 g/(m2·d)，两优2186的CGR以齐穗期最大（45.15 g/)，3种水稻各生育期CGR的大小依次为：孕穗初期（齐穗期）>灌浆期>黄熟期>分蘖盛期>分蘖初期。3种水稻的干物质在各器官中的分配比例均以籽粒的最大，汕优63、两优2186和IR64的干物质分配在籽粒中的比例分别为47.94%，41.14% 和45.69%。灌浆过程中，汕优63、两优2186和IR64总干物质的表观转化率依次为46.87%、24.98%和34.41%。汕优63（三系杂交稻）在物质转化和分配方面比两优2186（二系杂交稻）和IR64 （常规稻）更优。采用三次曲线模型和Logistic模型对3种水稻产量形成过程干物质积累变化进行拟合的结果表明，三次曲线模型拟合的精度均比Logistic模型高，R2均大于0.99。

... 关于超级杂交水稻物质生产特性的研究已有较多报道^{[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]} ...

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... 关于超级杂交水稻物质生产特性的研究已有较多报道^{[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]} ...

2011

0.0

1.8267

Acta Agron Sin. 2011, 37(7):1235 - 1248 DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2011.01235

Characteristics of Photosynthesis and Matter Production of Rice with Different Planting Methods under High-Yielding Cultivation Condition

不同种植方式水稻高产栽培条件下的光合物质生产特征研究

LI Jie,ZHANG Hong-Cheng^*,CHANG Yong,GONG Jin-Long,GUO Zhen-Hua,DAI Qi-Gen,HUO Zhong-Yang,XU Ke,WEI Hai-Yan,GAO Hui

李杰,张洪程^*,常勇,龚金龙,郭振华,戴其根,霍中洋,许轲,魏海燕,高辉

Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation Technology in Yangtze Rive Valley, Ministry of Agriculture / Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China

To explore the characteristics of dry matter production and photosynthesis of rice under different planting methods in the rice-wheat cropping system in the lower Yangtze River, with early-maturing latejaponica rice, late–maturing mediumjaponica rice and medium-maturing mediumjaponica rice (includingjaponica conventional rice andjaponica hybrid rice) as materials, we compared the dry matter accumulation, distribution, translocation and leaf area, photosynthetic potential (PP), crop growth rate(CGR) and net assimilation rate (NAR) of rice by using precisionartificial transplanting with middle and strong seedlings grown in dry nursery (ATR), mechanical transplanting with small seedlings (MTR) and direct seeding (DSR). Results showed that: (1) Rice yield by using different planting methods was significantly positively correlated with totaldry matter accumulation at maturity, dry matter accumulationfrom headingto maturity, and dry matter accumulation from jointing to heading under the premise of ensuring the dry matter accumulation appropriate at heading, but not with dry matter accumulation from sowing to jointing and the harvest index. (2) For dry matter weight of population, there was no significant difference among the three planting methods before jointing, after jointing ATR was the highest, followed by MTR, DSR was the lowest, and the difference was increasing with the growing process. However, the dry matter weight per stem of ATR was the highest, while that of DSR was the lowest in the whole growth period. (3) For dry matter accumulation at different stages, there was no significant difference among the three planting methods from sowing to jointing, but ATR was significantly higher than MTR, MTR was significantly higher than DSR at the stages from jointingto headingand from heading tomaturity. The ratio to total dry matter weight increased in turn for ATR, MTR, DSR from sowing to jointing, there was no many difference among them from jointing to heading, and reduced in turn for them from heading to maturity. (4) For dry matter distribution, the dry matter weight ratio of panicle and stem to total plant at maturity reduced in turn for ATR, MTR, DSR, and that of leaf and sheath increased in turn for them. However,the ratio ofleaf at booting, heading and waxy ripe stages reduced in turn for them. (5) For dry matter export and transformation, the export rate and transformation rate of leaf and stem reduced in turn for ATR, MTR, DSR, and the matter was transportedback in stem after waxy stage, the amount of matter transportedback for ATR was most, while that for DSR was least. The export rate in sheath was no many difference in generally, but the transformation rate for ATR and MTR was lower than that for DSR. (6) For photosynthetic production, before jointing, the leaf area index was generally no many difference for three planting methods, the PPreduced in turn for ATR, MTR, DSR, and the CGR and NAR increased in turn. From jointing to heading, the PP also reduced in turn for ATR, MTR, DSR, but there was no significant difference for CGR and NAR. The leaf area rate of productive tillers at heading had no significant difference among different planting methods, but the leaf area rate from flag leaf to 3rd leaf of ATR was significantly higher than that of MTR, and MTR was significantly higher than that of DSR. After heading, the leaf area index, PP, CGR and NAR of ATR were the highest, while those of DSR were the lowest. The results suggested that dry matter and photosyntheticproduction of rice with different planting methods have their own characteristics. Compared to MTR and DSR, ATR has the advantages that the dry matter accumulation is appropriate in the early stage and significantly higher in the middle and late stage, so the total dry matter accumulation is significantly higher and its distribution is reasonable, the export and transformation rate is high, and the photosynthetic production capacity is great after heading.

为探明不同种植方式水稻在长江下游稻-麦两熟制条件下的干物质及光合生产特征，以早熟晚粳、迟熟中粳和中熟中粳3种类型水稻品种(含常规粳稻和杂交粳稻两种)为材料，对旱育中苗壮秧精量手栽、小苗机插、直播3种种植方式水稻的干物质积累、分配、运转及叶面积、光合势、群体生长率、净同化率等方面进行了系统的比较研究。结果表明，(1)不同种植方式水稻产量与总干物质积累量和抽穗至成熟期干物质积累量呈极显著正相关，与拔节至抽穗期的干物质积累量(在确保抽穗期干物质积累量适宜的前提下)也呈极显著正相关，与播种至拔节期干物质积累量和收获指数相关不显著；(2)群体干物重拔节前无明显差异，拔节后均是手栽稻最高，机插稻次之，直播稻最小，并随生育进程差异越来越大，而单茎干物重整个生育期都是手栽稻最大，直播稻最小；(3)阶段干物质积累上，播种至拔节期差异较小，拔节至抽穗期和抽穗至成熟期都是手栽稻极显著高于机插稻，机插稻极显著高于直播稻，占总干物重的比例播种至拔节期手栽、机插、直播依次增大，拔节至抽穗期大体相当，抽穗至成熟期依次降低；(4)干物质分配上，成熟期穗和茎干物重占总干物重的比例手栽、机插、直播依次降低，而叶和鞘的比例依次增大，但叶的比例在孕穗、抽穗、蜡熟3个时期手栽、机插、直播依次降低；(5)物质输出和转化上，叶、茎物质输出率和转化率手栽、机插、直播依次降低，且蜡熟期后茎都有物质回运现象，手栽回运的最多，直播最少；鞘物质输出率相当，转化率手栽和机插低于直播；(6)光合生产上，拔节前不同种植方式水稻叶面积指数相当，光合势手栽、机插、直播依次降低，群体生长率和净同化率依次增大；拔节至抽穗期，光合势也是依次降低，群体生长率和净同化率差异较小；抽穗期有效叶面积率不同种植方式水稻间没有明显差异，而高效叶面积率手栽极显著高于机插，机插又极显著高于直播；抽穗以后，叶面积指数、光合势、群体生长率和净同化率均是手栽最大，直播最小。说明不同种植方式水稻干物质和光合生产有各自特征，与机插稻和直播稻相比，手栽稻前期物质积累量适宜，中后期物质积累量显著高，干物质总量大而且分配合理，运输转化效率高，抽穗后光合生产能力强。

... 关于超级杂交水稻物质生产特性的研究已有较多报道^{[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]} ...

2003

0.0

0.7902

Fujian Nong Ye Xue Bao. 2003, (4):201 - 204

The characteristics of super high-yielding hybrid rice

杂交水稻超高产特性研究

谢华安^[1];王乌齐^[1];杨惠杰^[1];杨高群^[2];李义珍^[1]

2001年在云南省永胜县涛源乡种植的特优175和Ⅱ优明86超高产展示田,最高产量田块的产量分别达到17.78 t@hm-2和17.95 t@hm-2,创造世界水稻单产最高纪录.研究结果表明,获得杂交水稻超高产的主要原因是库容量大和生物产量高;大库容量主要靠培育大穗;干物质生产优势表现在中、后期,特优175和Ⅱ优明86中、后期群体生长率分别较汕优63高34.5%～37.2%和31.4%～33.7%.

... 关于超级杂交水稻物质生产特性的研究已有较多报道^{[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]} ...

2006

0.0

... 关于超级杂交水稻物质生产特性的研究已有较多报道^{[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]} ...

2010

0.0

1.8267

Acta Agron Sin. 2010, 36(11):1921 - 1930 DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2010.01921

Characteristics of Dry Matter Production and Accumulation and Super-High Yield ofJaponica Super Rice in South China

南方粳型超级稻物质生产积累及超高产特征的研究

WU Gui-Cheng^1,2,ZHANG Hong-Cheng^1,2,*,DAI Qi-Gen^1,2,HUO Zhong-Yang^1,2,XU Ke^1,2,GAO Hui^1,2,WEI Hai-Yan^1,2,SHA An-Qin¹,XU Zong-Jin¹,QIAN Zong-Hua¹,SUN Ju-Ying¹

吴桂成^1,2,张洪程^1,2,*,戴其根^1,2,霍中洋^1,2,许轲^1,2,高辉^1,2,魏海燕^1,2,沙安勤¹,徐宗进¹,钱宗华¹,孙菊英¹

1 Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation Technology in Yangtze Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou 225009, China; 2 Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China

The relationship between dry matter production and yield, dynamics of dry matter accumulation and output and translocation in middle and last stages of three types of populations (High Yield: 8.25–9.75 t ha^-1; Higher Yield: 9.75-11.25 t ha^-1; Super High Yield:＞11.25 t ha^-1) in fourjaponica super rice (Wujing 15, Huaidao 9, Xudao 3 and Changyou 1) were analyzed. The results showed that yield was significantly positively correlated with weight of dry matter at maturity and the dry matter accumulation from heading to maturity, there were parabolic relationships between yield and weight of dry matter at heading in high yield, higher yield and super-high yield populations. Weight of dry matter from jointing to heading was significantly positively correlated with yield from high yield population to higher yield population and from higher yield population to super-high yield population. Super-high yield population had more biomass at maturity than higher yield and high yield populations, and the harvest index was not significantly higher than that of higher yield population, but was significantly higher than that of high yield population. Weight of dry matter, LAI in heading, rate of leaf area of productive tillers, rate of leaf area from flag leaf to 3rd leaf, spikelets of population and spikelets per square centimeter leaf area in middle stage (from jointing to heading) were significantly higher than these of higher yield and high yield populations. Leaf area decreasing per day of super-high yield population from heading to maturity was significantly less than that of higher yield and high yield populations. Leaf area duration, crop growth rate, net assimilation rate, biomass and grain-leaf ratio (filled grains per square centimeter leaf area, grain weight per square centimeter leaf area) from heading to maturity were significantly higher than these of higher yield and high yield populations. Output and translocation of dry matter in super-high yield population from heading to milky stages were significantly higher than these of higher yield and high yield populations, while these from heading to maturity were significantly lower than these of higher yield and high yield populations. Weight per stem and sheath and total filling in maturity of super-high yield population were significantly higher than these of higher yield and high yield populations.

以超级粳稻品种武粳15、淮稻9号、徐稻3号和常优1号为材料，对高产(8.25~9.75 t hm^-2)、更高产(9.75~11.25 t hm^-2)和超高产(＞11.25 t hm^-2) 3个产量等级群体的物质生产与产量的关系、干物质积累、输出与转运等方面进行了系统的比较研究。结果表明，4个超级稻品种成熟期、抽穗至成熟期的干物质重与产量呈极显著正相关，抽穗期干物质重均与产量呈抛物线关系，拔节至抽穗期的干物质重与产量呈极显著正相关(高产—更高产、更高产—超高产以及将3个产量等级综合起来)；从高产到更高产再到超高产，4个超级稻品种的生物学产量不断提高(差异显著)，而超高产群体的经济系数则与更高产水平相当(0.5000以上)，显著高于高产水平；较之更高产、高产群体，超高产群体在生育中期(拔节至抽穗期)干物质积累量大，抽穗期叶面积指数高、株型挺拔、群体质量优[有效叶面积率、高效叶面积率、总颖花量与颖花/叶(cm²)、基部节间粗、单茎茎鞘重均高]，在生育后期(抽穗至成熟期)，光合能力强(叶面积衰减率小，光合势、群体生长率、净同化率高)、干物质积累量高(占生物学产量的40.0%以上)、茎鞘物质的输出与转运协调[实粒/叶(cm²)、粒重(mg)/叶(cm²)均高]。

... 关于超级杂交水稻物质生产特性的研究已有较多报道^{[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]} ...

2001

0.0

1.4083

Chin J Rice Sci. 2001, 15(4):265 - 270

Dry Matter Production Characteristics of Super High Yielding Rice

超高产水稻的干物质生产特性研究

YANG Hui-jie^{1; 2}; LI Yi-zhen²; YANG Ren-cui¹; JIANG Zhao-wei²; ZHENG Jing-sheng²

杨惠杰 1,2; 李义珍2; 杨仁崔 1,*; 姜照伟2; 郑景生2

(¹Institute of Genetics & Crop Breeding; Fujian Agricultural University; Fuzhou 350002; China;²Institute of Rice and Wheat; Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350019, China)

Physiological characteristics of super high yielding rice cultivars, which were bred recently, were studied in Longhai, Fujian and Taoyuan, Yunnan. The results showed that super high yielding rice cultivars accumulated high biomass production. The grain yield were raised with the increase of total dry matter accumulation. The grain yield resulted primarily from biomass production and harvest index contributed little to the grain yield. The production superiority of super high yielding rice was exhibited during the middle and late growth stages and the yield was increased with the increase of net dry matter accumulation during the two stages. The crop growth rate(CGR) of the cultivar during the middle and late growth stages had high positive correlation with the yield. However there was no close correlation between the CGR and the yield during the early stage. The average exportation amount of stem and leaf dry matter contributed 24%(Fujian) or 33%(Yunnan) to grain production. Both stem and leaf dry matter exportation amount and dry matter accumulation after heading had a very significant positive correlation with the grain yield. The contribution of CGR to dry matter accumulation was significantly larger than that of growth duration.

以我国近年育成的超高产水稻品种为材料, 在福建龙海和云南涛源研究分析了超高产水稻品种的高产生理特性。结果表明超高产水稻品种积累了高额的生物量。稻谷产量随干物质积累总量的增加而提高，产量主要取决于生物产量的高低，而收获指数对稻谷产量的贡献较小。超高产水稻干物质生产优势在中期和后期，产量随中期和后期干物质净积累量的增加而提高。中期和后期的群体生长率(CGR)与产量呈高度正相关，而前期CGR与产量的关系不密切。茎叶干物质输出量构成籽粒产量平均为24％（福建龙海）和33％（云南涛源），茎叶干物质输出量和抽穗后干物质积累量均与稻谷产量呈极显著正相关。在同一地点，对干物质积累的作用，CGR显著大于生长日数。

... 一些学者对不同生育阶段平均作物生长率的动态变化进行了研究^[9,10,11], 然而阶段性的作物生长率动态变化不能准确反映群体生长率的瞬时变化 ...

... 有研究表明, LAD比LAI更能解析超级稻的物质生产优势^[9] ...

0.0

1.4083

Chin J Rice Sci. 2007, 21(3):287 - 293

Analysis on Dry Matter Production Characteristics of Middle-Season indica Super Hybrid Rice

超级杂交中籼水稻物质生产特性分析

WU Wen-ge , ZHANG Hong-cheng , QIAN Yin-fei , CHENG Ye , XU Jun , WU Gui-cheng , ZHAI Chao-qun , HUO Zhong-yang , DAI Qi-gen

吴文革1, 2 ;张洪程1,*; 钱银飞1;陈烨1;徐军1;吴桂成1;翟超群1;霍中洋1;戴其根1

Six middle-season indica hybrid rice combinations(Shanyou 63 as CK) were used as experimental materials to study dry matter production characteristics of super hybrid rice.There were great advantages for super rice in dry matter production and accumulation and its yield rose as the increase of dry matter accumulation.Grain yield was not significantly correlated with dry matter accumulation before elongation stage,while significantly positively correlated(P<0.05) from elongation to heading stage and significantly positively correlated(P<0.01) from heading to maturity stage.There were more dry matter in vegetative organs at the heading stage in super rice but its contribution to yield was less than 148.5 kg/hm2 averagely(apparent translocation percentage was 2.5% lower than that of the control Shanyou 63).Along with the increase in leaf area index and leaf area duration,the crop growth rate rose.The mean of crop growth rate in super rice was 4542(m2·d)/hm2,higher than that of CK after transplanting.

以具代表性的5个籼型超级稻为材料, 用汕优63作对照, 比较研究了超级中籼杂交稻物质生产与分配的特性。超级稻具有显著的物质生产与积累优势, 产量随成熟期物质积累量的增加而提高。超级稻的物质生产优势集中在中期和后期, 产量与拔节前的干物质积累量相关不显著, 与拔节至抽穗期的积累量呈显著正相关, 与抽穗至成熟期的干物质积累量呈极显著正相关; 超级稻抽穗期营养器官贮存了较多的结构物质但干物质表观输出量均低于对照, 平均少148.5 kg/hm2, 表观输出率也低, 平均低2.5个百分点。超级稻的叶面积及光合势的显著提高促进了群体生产率的提高, 大田期平均群体生产率比对照高4542 (m2·d)/hm2。

... 一些学者对不同生育阶段平均作物生长率的动态变化进行了研究^[9,10,11], 然而阶段性的作物生长率动态变化不能准确反映群体生长率的瞬时变化 ...

1998

0.0

... 一些学者对不同生育阶段平均作物生长率的动态变化进行了研究^[9,10,11], 然而阶段性的作物生长率动态变化不能准确反映群体生长率的瞬时变化 ...

2010

0.0

1.8267

Acta Agron Sin. 2010, 36(12):2143 - 2153 DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2010.02143

Effect of Sowing-Date and Planting Density on Dry Matter Accumulation Dynamic and Establishment of Its Simulated Model in Maize

播期和密度对玉米干物质积累动态的影响及其模型的建立

LI Xiang-Ling^1,2,ZHAO Ming^2,*,LI Cong-Feng²,GE Jun-Zhu²,HOU Hai-Peng²,LI Qi¹,HOU Li-Bai¹

李向岭^1,2,赵明^2,*,李从锋²,葛均筑²,侯海鹏²,李琦¹,侯立白¹

1 College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110161, China; 2 Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-physiology and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China

The research and application of crop growth model is a foundation of agricultural production information and digital technology, the quantitative research of leaf area index (LAI) model in different sowing dates can provide a theoretical basis for the highing-yield in maize,and further study the relationship of dry matter accumulation with sowing date and densities.Three maize cultivars(Yinong 103, Xianyu 335, and Denghai 661) with four density treatments in 45 000 plants ha^-1, 60 000 plants ha^-1, 75 000 plants ha^-1and 90 000 plants ha^-1 in three sowing date(May 3rd, May 28th, and June 22nd) were used in field experiments, dynamic dry matter accumulation and grain yield were measured. A Richard curveequation,y = 1.1044/(1+e^2.0253^-^5.1927x)^1/0.4448, was developed with relative DMA and relative accumulated temperature.The basic parameter of ultimate growth (a) was 1, initial growth parameter (b) and growth rate parameter (c) changed dramatically, shape parameter (d) changed small. The accuracy and precision of relative model were tested with the data in 2008 and 2007 in Huadian, Jilin province, the dynamic model could make a good estimation for DMA dynamics with the accuracies of above 1.0486^**, and the precision (R²) of above 0.9534^**. According to accumulated temperature and the largest dry matter accumulation, the model can better predict the dynamic dry matter accumulation of the growth period. Sowing-date and density had a regulated role in the change rate of dry matter accumulation. The sixth leaf and waxy stage was the sensitive reaction period of dry matter accumulation rate with density. In the slow increase and decrease stage of the dry matter accumulation rate, the accumulated temperature for maize increased gradually; in the rapid increase stage, the accumulated temperature for maize decreased gradually; in the growing period, theaverage rate of dry matter accumulation of different cultivars showed as Xianyu 335> Denghai 661 >Yinong 103. Theaverage rate of dry matter accumulation of treatments with different sowing dates showed as early sowing > middle sowing>late sowing,and increased with the density increasing.

在大田条件下, 以益农103、先玉335和登海661为材料, 设置3个播种期(5月3日，5月28日，6月22日)和4个密度处理(4.5万株 hm^-2，6.0万株 hm^-2，7.5万株 hm^-2，9.0万株 hm^-2), 测定其干物质积累动态和产量, 分析播期、密度和玉米群体干物质积累动态特征的关系及其积温模型。结果表明: (1)将3个播期玉米不同处理的最大群体干物质积累和出苗至成熟的积温分别定为1, 建立了相对群体干物质积累和相对积温的Richards模拟模型, 方程式为y = 1.1044/(1+e^2.0253^-^5.1927x)^1/0.4448,r=0.9950^**。(2)方程参数a值(终极生长量参数)基本为1；b值(初值生长量参数)和c值(生长速率参数)在播期、品种间变异较大, 密度间变异较小；d值(形状参数)在播期、品种和密度间变异较小, 可见播期主要通过调节参数b、c值来实现对整个方程的调控。应用2008年本试验和另一试验的数据对模型进行验证,模拟准确度(以k表示)均在1.0486^**以上；精确度(以R²表示)均在0.9534^**以上。(3)拔节期至蜡熟期是玉米群体干物质积累变化速率对密度的敏感反应期；晚播玉米所需积温在群体干物质积累变化速率的缓慢增加和下降阶段逐渐减少，在快速增加阶段逐渐增加。全生育期的群体干物质积累平均速率表现为先玉335>登海661>益农103；且早播>中播>晚播；密度越高群体干物质积累平均速率越大, 达到显著水平。

... 另一些学者利用数学模型对相对群体干物质积累速率进行了分析^[12,13], 因作物群体干物质的积累速率=相对群体干物质积累速率×最大干物质积累量/生育期, 并且作物不同品种的最大群体干物质积累量和生育期不同, 所以不同品种间群体相对干物质积累速率的差异不能准确反映其群体干物质积累速率的差异, 即不同品种的作物生长率的差异不能被反映 ...

2008

0.0

1.0045

1988

0.0

1.8267

Acta Agron Sin. 1988, 14(3):182 - 193

GROWTH ANALYSIS ON THE PROCESS OF GRAIN FILLING IN RICE

水稻籽粒灌浆的生长分析

Zhu Qingsen; Cao Xianzu; Luo Yiqi

朱庆森;曹显祖; 骆亦其

Jiangsu Agricultural College; Yangzhou; Jiangsu Province

Richards equation W=A/(1+Be~(-kt)) 1/N was used to describe theweight increasing of the strong and the weak grains of six rice varieties(including hybrids).According to N values in the equation of theweak grain,the grain-filling processes of the six rice varieties fall intotwo types,one was synchron

用 Richards 方程 W=A/(1+Be~(-kt))1/N 配合农垦57号、汕优63号等6个品种(含杂种)强、弱势粒的籽粒增重资料。依弱势粒配得方程的 N 值,将此6个水稻品种的籽粒灌浆状况分为两个类型,即:01的异步灌浆型。并据籽粒生长速率曲线的两个拐点,将籽粒灌浆过程划分为:前,中(盛)、后(至90%A 止)3个期。同时导出:起始生长势 Ro=K/N,生

... 朱庆森等^[14]利用Richards方程的2个拐点将水稻籽粒灌浆的过程划分为前、中、后期, 并对籽粒灌浆速率、平均生长速率、相对生长速率等指标进行了分析 ...

... 2 作物生长率(CGR) 采用朱庆森等^[14]的方法 ...

2010

0.0

1.7261

Chin J Appl Ecol. 2010, 21(6):1504 - 1510

Dry matter accumulation in rice aboveground part: Quantitative simulation.

水稻地上部干物质积累动态的定量模拟

LI Yan-da¹, TANG Liang¹, CHEN Qing-chun¹, ZHANG Yu-ping^1,2, CAO Wei-xing¹, ZHU Yan¹

李艳大¹,汤亮¹,陈青春¹张玉屏^1,2,曹卫星¹,朱艳^1**

¹Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;²China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China

A field experiment with four rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars and different nitrogen application rates was conducted, with the dry matter accumulation (DMA) in the cultivars aboveground part measured at their main growth stages. The dynamic model of relative dry matter accumulation (RDMA) was established with the normalized DMA and TEP (product of thermal effectiveness and PAR) from emergence to maturity, and the temporal characteristics of DMA changes was quantitatively analyzed based on the RDMA model. The dynamic changes of the RDMA could be well described with Richards equation,i.e.,RDMA=1.0157/(1+e^{3.6329-7.5907×RTEP})^1/0.5574 (r=0.9938). The model was validated with independent field experiment datasets, involving different eco-sites, cultivars, and nitrogen application rates. The RMSE (root mean square error) between the simulated and observed values of DMA at varied RTEP was 0.86 t·hm^-2. According to the two inflexion points of dry matter accumulation rate equation, the whole process of dry matter accumulation could be divided into early, middle, and late phases. The maximum dry matter accumulation rate (AR_max), relative TEP at AR_max, and relative dry matter accumulation at AR_maxwere found to be 2.24, 0.56, and 0.46, respectively.

选用4个不同株型水稻品种进行不同施氮水平的田间试验，于主要生育期测定植株地上部干物质积累量（DMA），并对DMA及出苗至成熟期累积辐热积（TEP）进行归一化处理，建立了基于相对DMA（RDMA）和相对TEP（RTEP）的水稻相对干物质积累（RDMA）动态模型，进而定量分析了水稻干物质积累过程的动态特征.结果表明：Richards方程能够准确描述水稻地上部干物质积累的动态模式，具有明确的生物学意义，具体方程式为RDMA=1.0157/(1+e^{3,6329-7.5907×RTEP})^1/0.5574，r=0.9938；利用独立的水稻田间试验资料对所建模型进行了检验，水稻不同RTEP所对应的DMA观测值与模拟值之间的根均方差为0.86 t·hm^-2.根据水稻地上部干物质积累速率方程的2个拐点，可将整个干物质积累过程划分为前、中和后期3个阶段，发现水稻干物质最大积累速率及其出现时的相对辐热积和相对干物质积累量分别为2.24、0.56和0.46.

... 李艳大等^[15]利用Richards方程的2个拐点将水稻整个干物质积累过程划分为渐增(0~0 ...

... 在[0~x₁]阶段为干物质积累缓增期, 该期作物生长率缓慢增加, [x₁~x₃]时期为干物质积累快增期, [x₃~成熟期]为干物质减速增长期, 干物质积累在此期仍在增加, 但其作物生长率较低, 且随生育进程逐渐下降^[15,25] ...

1988

0.0

... 75测定叶面积^[16,17] ...

1992

0.0

... 75测定叶面积^[16,17] ...

2011

0.0

1.8267

Acta Agron Sin. 2011, 37(2):321 - 330 DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2011.00321

Dynamic Characteristics of Leaf Area Index in Maize and Its Model Establishment Based on Accumulated Temperature

玉米叶面积系数动态特征及其积温模型的建立

LI Xiang-Ling^1,2,ZHAO Ming^1,*,LI Cong-Feng¹,GE Jun-Zhu¹,HOU Hai-Peng¹

李向岭^1,2,赵明^1,*,李从锋¹,葛均筑¹,侯海鹏¹

1 Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China; 2 College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110161, China

In order to clarify the demand of accumulated temperature in the growth process of maize cultivars of different maturities and the relationship between leaf area index and accumulated temperature. Three cultivars used (Yinong 103, Xianyu 335, and Denghai 661) were carried, with three sowing dates (May 3rd, May 28th, and June 22nd) and four density treatments (45 000 plants ha^-1, 60 000 plants ha^-1, 75 000 plants ha^-1, and 90 000 plants ha^-1). The dynamic characteristics of leaf area index were measured and the model based on accumulated temperature were established. The largest LAI and accumulated temperature from emergence to maturity were normalized, and the six main models were compared. Results show that, the Ration equationy=(a+bx)/(1+cx+dx²) had a good simulation results and would be used significantly in biological applications, the equation wasy=(-0.05247+1.2766x)/ (1-2.6346x+3.6359x²),r= 0.9479^**, where is relative seedling groups LAI, (a+ b)/(1+c+d) is the relative maturity groups LAI.The values of a and c had a slightly difference, however, the values of b and d changed dramatically among sowing dates and among varieties, and a small difference among densities, showing that sowing dates changed the LAI mainly through the values of b and d in maize. The accuracy and precision of the normalized model were tested with the data of 2008 and the data of 2007 in Huadian, Jilin, the simulation accuracy (k) was all above 0.9392^**, and the precision (R²) was all above 0.9996^**. Sowing dates regulated the growth days, average temperature, accumulated temperature, average LAI, change rate of LAI and grain yield in different maturity cultivars of maize, when the sowing date delayed, the growth days, accumulated temperature, the average LAI and grain yield were all decreased, the average temperature was increased.The growing days and accumulated temperature showed as Denghai 661> Xianyu335> Yinong 103, grain yield and average LAI showed as Xianyu335 > Denghai 661 > Yinong 103.

为明确不同播期条件下，玉米主要生育时期对积温的需求及叶面积系数动态和活动积温的关系，以不同熟性品种(益农103、先玉335和登海661)为材料，设早播(5月3日)、中播(5月28日)、晚播(6月22日) 3个播种期和4个种植密度处理(4.5万株 hm^-2、6.0万株 hm^-2、7.5万株 hm^-2和9.0万株 hm^-2)，并进行全生育期的叶面积系数动态调查和记录田间生态因素，分析其叶面积系数动态特征及积温模型。结果表明，(1)对最大LAI及出苗至成熟的活动积温进行“归一化”处理后可有6个不同型模型，其中Ration曲线方程y= (a+bx)/(1+cx+dx²)具有很好的模拟效果和生物学意义，方程式为y= (-0.05247+1.2766x)/(1-2.6346x+3.6359x²)，r= 0.9479^**；通过对2008年的试验和另外试验的进一步验证，模拟的准确度(以k表示)均大于0.9392^**，精确度(以R²表示)均大于0.9996^**。(2)方程式的参数a、c值在播期、密度和品种间变异很小；b、d值在播期、品种间变异较大，密度间变异很小，可见播期主要通过调节参数b、d值实现对整个方程的调控。(3)在全生育期内，播期对生育天数、平均温度、活动积温、平均LAI、LAI变化速率和籽粒产量均具有调节作用；随着播期的推迟，生育天数、活动积温、平均LAI和籽粒产量均呈减少趋势，平均温度呈增加趋势；生育天数和活动积温均表现为登海661>先玉335>益农103，籽粒产量和平均LAI均表现为先玉335>登海661>益农103。

... 4 平均叶面积和光合势(LAD)以及最大叶面积指数出现时间采用文献^[18,19]方法计算 ...

... 1 模型的建立参考李向岭等^[18]和张宾等^[19]的方法, 用Ration方程y=(a+bx)/(1+cx+dx²)分析超级杂交水稻相对LAI动态变化特征, 其中y为相对叶面积指数, x为移栽后天数的相对值 ...

2007

0.0

1.8267

Acta Agron Sin. 2007, 33(4):612 - 619

Establishment and Test of LAI Dynamic Simulation Model for High Yield Population

作物高产群体LAI动态模拟模型的建立与检验

ZHANG Bin¹,ZHAO Ming^2*,DONG Zhi-Qiang²,LI Jian-Guo¹,CHEN Chuan-Yong¹,SUN Rui¹

张宾¹;赵明^2,*;董志强²;李建国¹;陈传永¹;孙锐¹

1 College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, 2 Crop Science Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China

Leaf Area Index (LAI) simulation models is an indispensable tool for supporting crop scientific research, population and community growth analysis, and crop management. However,LAI is very difficult to be quantified properly, owing to ecological and varietal factors and temporal variability. Many methods have been developed to quantifyLAIand yielded good results, but most of them have different formats with many parameters, which hamper their application. In this paper, an extensively suitableLAI simulation model, y= (a+bx) / (1+cx+dx²), was developed with normalizedLAIand crop growth duration data. And by means of which, the specific normalized models y= (0.0134+0.3234x) / (1－2.774x+2.4178x²) for spring maize (r=0.9858**), y= (0.0777+0.0205x) / (1－2.7374x+2.0484x²) for rice (r=0.9865**), and y= (0.0131+0.0035x) / (1－2.4515x+1.5273x²) for winter wheat (r=0.9719**) were established. Compared with otherLAI simulation models, normalizedLAI dynamic model can not only generate reliable prediction for the evolution ofLAI, but also estimate leaf area duration (LAD) and LAI in any period. Once the crop life span and a total leaf area of a crop population in any moment are acquired, the crop LAI andLAD can be estimated easily. From the time of jointing stage, the model could make a good pre-estimation ofLAIdynamics with the accuracy of 1.050, 1.0357, and 1.1168 and the precision (R²) were 0.8728, 0.9270, and 0.9254 for spring maize, rice and winter wheat, respectively. Compared with the measured values, the simulatedLAI had a linear coefficient (k) over 0.98, with R²above 0.86. The results showed that normalizedLAI dynamic model provided a better description for crop population dynamics. Combined with dry matter accumulation, the averageLAI, NAR (net assimilation rate), and CGR (crop growth rate) can be calculated. By means of which, the relationships between the physiological parameters and crop yield were analyzed, and the possible ways for higher crop yield were put forward accordingly.

针对目前已有群体叶面积指数（LAI）模拟模型形式多样、参数较多以及应用性不强等问题，对春玉米、水稻和冬小麦的LAI及出苗至成熟天数进行归一化处理，分别将最大LAI和出苗至成熟天数定为1，以相对LAI (0~1)和相对时间(0~1)为参数进行LAI动态模拟，筛选、建立了一个适用于这3种作物的相对化LAI动态模拟模型y= (a+bx) / (1+cx+dx²)。其中，春玉米y= (0.0134+0.3234x) / (1－2.774x+2.4178x²)，r=0.9859**；水稻y= (0.0777+0.0205x) / (1－2.73744x+2.0484x²)，r=0.9865**；冬小麦y= (0.0131+0.0035x) / (1－2.4515x+1.5273x²)，r=0.9719**。利用该模型，自拔节期起就能够较准确地进行LAI的动态预测，其在春玉米、水稻和冬小麦上的准确度（以k表示）分别为1.050、1.0357和1.1168，精确度（以R²表示）分别为0.8728、0.9270和0.9254。3种作物整个生育期内模型的模拟值与测量值的精确度均在0.98以上，准确度达0.86以上，表明相对化LAI动态模型能够准确地反映作物群体动态变化。不仅可以计算出作物生育期间的平均LAI、总光合势，还能计算任一时刻的LAI以及任一时段的光合势。结合田间调查还可得到作物生长期间的平均净同化率和平均作物生长率等产量相关的重要生理参数。根据作物群体中各光合生理参数与产量的关系，提出了3种作物进一步增产的可能途径。

... 4 平均叶面积和光合势(LAD)以及最大叶面积指数出现时间采用文献^[18,19]方法计算 ...

2006

0.0

1.0272

Agric Res Arid Areas. 2006, (2):25 - 29

Study on leaf area index of summer maize in loess areas

黄土区夏玉米叶面积指数变化规律的研究

ZHANGXu-dong;CAIHuan-jie;FUYu-juan;WANGJian

张旭东;蔡焕杰;付玉娟;王健

通过对连续4a夏玉米叶面积指数的研究,建立了夏玉米叶面积指数与积温之间的归一化模型,提出了精确的且唯一确定的归一化方法.多年的叶面积动态变化用同一方程式表达,提高了方程的可信度,可用于作物生长模拟和作物生长监测和遥感估产.

... 3 数据处理与分析利用归一化方法^[20,21], 将水稻移栽至成熟的生长时间(T_t)与最大LAI (LAI_M)定为1, 得到相对时间T_R(0~1)、相对叶面积指数LAI_R(0~1) ...

2009

0.0

1.8267

Acta Agronomica Sinica. 2009, 35(2):309-316

Optimal model for dynamic characteristics of grain weight commonly used in wheat and maize

Fu X-L , 付雪丽), Zhao M , 赵明), Zhou B-Y , 周宝元), Cui G-M , 崔国美), Ding Z-S

To establish a common model of grain weight (GW) for at least 2 crops with wider application under different conditions, 3 cultivars of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and 4 cultivars of summer maize (Zea mays L.) were used in field experiments in 4 environments during 2006–2008. A common GW model,y=a/(1+be^−cx), was proposed with normalized GW and grain filling duration for both crops. Based on the results from this study, the parameters ofa,b, andc were 1.0624, 52.8653, and 6.7609 (r = 0.9916,P< 0.01), respectively. For different crop species, cultivars, and planting densities, the GW dynamic model remained a relative stablea value, which was around 1. However, theb andc values varied in different conditions. Theb value changed slightly with density and shifted from 45.3379 to 66.9306 in different cultivars; whereas, thec value had small differences among different cultivars and densities. This normalized GW dynamic model could eliminate the variance of the model parameters caused by location, year, cultivar, and planting density, thus, predict GW increase reliably and easily when the GW_max, grain filling duration, andb value were determined.

... 3 数据处理与分析利用归一化方法^[20,21], 将水稻移栽至成熟的生长时间(T_t)与最大LAI (LAI_M)定为1, 得到相对时间T_R(0~1)、相对叶面积指数LAI_R(0~1) ...

2003

2.899

0.0

. 2003, 78:17-30

Evaluation and application of the OILCROP-SUN model for sunflower in southern Italy

Rinaldi M , Losavio N , Flagella Z

Crop simulation models are potentially useful tools in agricultural decision-making. In Italy, few applications have been recorded, and those implemented have been mainly restricted to the estimation of crop water requirements in irrigated basins or the estimation of potential crop yields. In general, a model must be evaluated in a variety of conditions as a pre-requisite for its use. The OILCROP–SUN model was first parameterised and then validated, using independent data sets coming from three southern Italian environments in which sunflower was subjected to different irrigation schedules. The validation showed the model to be effective in simulating phenology, seed yield and seasonal evapotranspiration, whereas seed weight was rather poorly simulated. The model simulated the temporal changes in soil water content, leaf area index and total dry matter reasonably well. The model application consisted in comparing spring vs. summer sowing of sunflower in the three environments and in selecting the optimal threshold value of available soil water at which to start automatic irrigation. As for the sowing dates, the spring sowing showed a higher seed yield and net return than the summer sowing. With regard to the irrigation regimes, the highest seed yield was obtained with a soil water content within the 80–100% range of available soil water, while the highest economic return was reached using a threshold value of 40% of total soil water.

... 采用根均方差(RMSE)和相对根均方差(RRMSE)来衡量模拟值与实测值之间的符合度, RRMSE值若小于10%, 表明模拟值与观测值之间的一致性很好, 10%~20%为比较好, 20%~30%表明模拟效果一般^[22,23,24] ...

1999

2.474

0.0

. 1999, 62:145-155

A plant growth model for integrated weed management in direct-seeded rice: II. Validation testing of water-depth effects and monoculture growth

Caton B P , Foin T C , Hill J E

Manipulating water depths and timing is a key management practice in rice cropping systems, but rice models have not simulated water-depth effects on plant growth. A new plant growth model, DSRICE1, simulates most cultural and weed management practices except fertility. Water-depth effects on plant light capture are mechanistically simulated as reflection and attenuation of light by water. Light attenuation by water in the model depended on water depth and the light extinction coefficient of water,k_H₂O (m⁻¹). DSRICE1 was validation tested for prediction of monoculture growth, and specifically for early-season water-depth effects. Analyses revealed that attenuation by water limited irradiance and reduced seedling growth, and indicated which plant traits contributed to growth during submergence. Reflection did not affect rice growth and may be ignored. In empirical validation tests, DSRICE1 predictions were compared with data from 14 independent data sets. For growth up to 40 days after seeding (DAS) (11 experiments), simulations without water-depth effects failed validation tests by overpredicting rice shoot dry mass (DM). In contrast, DSRICE1 simulations with water-depth effects included were accurate withk_H₂O from 1 to 4,k_H₂O=3 was best overall, and predictions improved with experiment-specifick_H₂O values. DSRICE1 also accurately predicted differences in shoot DM per plant in a 1985 water-depth study, while again simulations without water-depth effects did not. Thus, water-depth effects were required to simulate early rice growth accurately. In whole-season empirical validation tests (14 experiments), DSRICE1 simulated shoot, stem, leaf, live leaf, and live stem DM accurately, especially considering the range of data used and the fact that no calibration was needed. DSRICE1 was also corroborated by the fact that it accounts for many physical factors and plant traits that affect submergence tolerance. The model or the techniques it uses may be useful in analyses of cultivar tolerance to submergence. In some respects, DSRICE1 was subjected to more rigorous validation testing than previous rice models, and potentially explains more interactions between rice and weed growth and management. This approach may broaden and improve simulation analyses of integrated weed management in direct-seeded rice systems.

2000

1.794

0.0

2012

0.0

. 2012, 45(18):3709-3720

Ji H-T , 纪洪亭), Feng Y-H , 冯跃华), He T-B , 何腾兵), Pan J , 潘剑), Fan L-L

【目的】定量描述超级杂交稻干物质与养分积累的动态变化，为进一步提高超级杂交稻干物质积累的潜力以及肥料的合理施用提供依据。【方法】于2011年在大田条件下，以超级杂交稻准两优527、Q优6号和对照品种Ⅱ优838为供试材料，通过连续测定干物质和氮磷钾含量，并对干物质和氮磷钾积累量及生长时间进行归一化处理，建立超级杂交稻相对干物质和相对氮磷钾积累动态模型，进而分析超级杂交稻干物质和氮磷钾积累的动态特征。【结果】Gompertz方程对超级杂交稻干物质和养分的动态模拟效果较好。利用2009年和2011年试验数据对模型进行验证，干物质积累模型模拟的NRMSE较小，R2值均达到0.9820以上，模拟的准确度（以k表示）约为1，NS均在0.9530以上；对养分积累模型检验表明，模型模拟效果较好，不同模型NRMSE较小，R2和k值以及NS值趋近于1。对超级杂交稻生长特性分析表明，超级杂交稻干物质积累速率在前期略高于对照，后期尤为明显，最大干物质积累速率出现在孕穗至抽穗期；超级杂交稻干物质积累快速增长期持续的时间为71—75 d，比对照持续时间长15—19 d；快速增长期干物质积累量占总积累量的比例，超级杂稻比对照品种高4.47%—11.25%。超级杂交稻氮积累的最大速率出现在孕穗期前10 d；氮积累的快速增长期出现在拔节期前12 d至抽穗期，在快速增长期氮的积累量占氮总积累量的65.60%。超级杂交稻磷积累的最大速率出现在孕穗期前8 d；磷积累的快速增长期出现在拔节期至抽穗期前7 d，在快速增长期的磷积累量占磷总积累量的68.36%；超级杂交稻钾积累的最大速率出现在拔节期后3—4 d；钾积累的快速增长期出现在拔节期前12—16 d至孕穗期前1—5 d，在快速增长期的钾积累量占钾总积累量的60.10%—61.71%。【结论】采用Gompertz模型y=ae-exp(b-cx)模拟了超级杂交稻干物质和养分的积累动态。超级杂交稻干物质和养分的优势在于快速增长期持续时间较长，中后期干物质和养分积累速率较快。

1999

0.0

... 3 讨论作物生长模拟方程可解释作物生长动态, 其推导出的特征参数具有生物学意义^[26,27], 特征参数在不同的气象条件下虽存在差异, 但干物质积累特征基本一致^[28] ...

2009

0.0

1.8267

Acta Agron Sin. 2009, 35(12):2258 - 2265 DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2009.02258

Dynamic Analysis on Response of Dry Matter Accumulation and Partitioning to Nitrogen Fertilizer in Wheat Cultivars with Different Plant Types

不同株型小麦干物质积累与分配对氮肥响应的动态分析

LI Guo-Qiang,TANG Liang,ZHANG Wen-Yu,CAO Wei-Xing,ZHU Yan*

李国强，汤亮，张文宇，曹卫星，朱艳^*

Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture,Nanjing Agricultural University，Nanjing 210095，China

Biomass accumulation and partition in different plant organs affect the grain yield in cereal crops. Many investigators have established equations to simulate the dynamic growth and biomass accumulation of crops in various experiments using polynomial, Expolianear, Logistic, and Richard models. However, these models have limitations in some extent. The vapor pressure (VP) model has been used to quantitatively simulate the dynamic accumulation of dry matter in maize (Zea mays L.) roots and the branch number ofprincess flower. In this study, the VP model was introduced in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to test its applicability in simulating accumulation and partitioning of biomass. Four wheat cultivars with four plant types, respectively, were planted in 2006–2007 and 2007–2008 growing seasons under the nitrogen application levels of 75, 150, and 225 kg ha^-¹. Based on the dry weights of various organs at main growth stages, the Richards and VP equations tested the fitness of the biomass accumulation and partitioning in relation to accumulated growing-degree days. The results showed that with increasing nitrogen rate, the average dry matter growth rate (R_a), maximum growth rate (R_max) and duration of the third phase (D₃) increased, while the time reaching toR_max was shortenedconsistently in four cultivars. In Aikang 58 (compact-short type), Huaimai 17 (loose type) and Yangmai 12 (intermediate type), the initial growth potential (R₀) increased with the promotion of nitrogen rate, while the duration of early increment phase (D₁) and the dry matter accumulation atR_max (W_Rmax) decreased. In contrast, theR₀,W_Rmax, andD₁ of Ningmai 9 (compact-high type) exhibited an opposite pattern. In Aikang 58 and Ningmai 9, the second phase duration (D₂) decreased when the nitrogen rate increased, and Yangmai 12 and Huaimai 17 had the smallestD₂ value under the medium nitrogen rate. With the increase of nitrogen rate, the maximum dry matter partitioning percentage (P_max) of leaf and spike in Huaimai 17 and Yangmai 12 as well as the maximum dry matter partitioning percentage of stem and sheath (P_Smax) in Aikang 58 and Ningmai 9 decreased. In contrast, theP_max of leaf and spike in Aikang 58 and Ningmai 9, and theP_Smax in Huaimai 17 and Yangmai 12 increased accompanying with the increase of nitrogen rate. In terms of the maximum decreasing rate of dry matter partitioning percentage (MDRP) to leaf, Ningmai 9, Huaimai 17 and Yangmai 12 showed a decrease trend when nitrogen rate increased, while Aikang 58 was in an increase tendency. For the maximum increasing rate of dry matter partitioning percentage (MIRP) to spike, Aikang 58 and Ningmai 9 had a negative response to nitrogen rate and Huaimai 17 and Yangmai 12 had a positive response. Excessive application of nitrogen had negative effects on the promotion of MDRP to spike in Ningmai 9 and the reduction of MIRP to spike in Yangmai 12. No consistent effects were observed on the maximum changing rate of dry matter partitioning percentage to stem and sheath (R_Simax andR_Sdmax). Thereby, plant types of wheat cultivars should be considered in the nitrogen application regime in practical system of cultivation techniques.

为了揭示株型和施氮量对小麦干物质积累与分配动态的影响，通过实施不同株型小麦品种和氮肥处理的田间试验，于主要生育期测定了各处理单株及不同器官干物质积累量，并分别利用Richards和VP方程对其进行拟合。结果表明，适量施氮提高了各株型小麦的干物质平均增长速率(R_a)和最大增长速率(R_max)，缩短了各株型小麦到达R_max的时间，延长了各株型小麦的缓增持续期(D₃)。施氮提高了紧凑型矮秆品种矮抗58、松散型品种淮麦17和中间型品种扬麦12的起始生长势(R₀)，缩短了上述3种株型小麦的渐增持续期(D₁)，降低了其到达R_max时的干物质积累量(W_Rmax)，而紧凑型高秆品种宁麦9号的R₀、W_Rmax和D₁与上述3种株型小麦的变化趋势相反。随施氮量的增加，矮抗58和宁麦9号的快增持续期(D₂)呈下降趋势，而淮麦17和扬麦12的D₂以中氮处理(150 kg hm^-2)最低。施氮降低了淮麦17和扬麦12的叶、穗最大分配比例(P_max)以及矮抗58和宁麦9号的茎鞘最大分配比例(P_Smax)，但增加了矮抗58和宁麦9号的叶部和穗部P_max以及淮麦17和扬麦12的P_Smax。施氮降低了宁麦9号、淮麦17和扬麦12的叶分配比例最大下降速率及矮抗58和宁麦9号的穗分配比例最大增长速率，而增加了矮抗58的叶分配比例最大下降速率及淮麦17和扬麦12的穗分配比例最大增长速率，但过量施氮抑制了宁麦9号穗分配比例最大增长速率的增加和扬麦12穗分配比例最大增长速率的下降。施氮对各株型小麦茎鞘分配比例最大增长和下降速率(R_Simax和R_Sdmax)的影响无明显规律。因此，在建立高产小麦栽培技术体系时，应充分考虑到不同株型小麦干物质积累和分配动态对施氮量的响应差异。

2013

0.0

1.8267

Acta Agron Sin. 2013, 39(2):300 - 308 DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2013.00300

Effect of Dry Matter Accumulation Characteristics on Yield of Winter Wheat Analyzed by Dynamic Simulation Model

基于动态模拟模型分析冬小麦干物质积累特征对产量的影响

ZHAO Jiao,ZHENG Zhi-Fang,FANG Yan-Ru,ZHOU Shun-Li,LIAO Shu-Hua^*,WANG Pu^*

赵姣,郑志芳,方艳茹,周顺利,廖树华^*,王璞^*

College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China

To disclose the quantitative relationship between yield and dry matter accumulation in winter wheat, we designed three field experiments to obtain wheat populations with varying sowing date, basic seedlings, amounts of basic fertilizers, date and quantity of topdressed nitrogen fertilizer, irrigation amounts before wintering, amounts and date of irrigation after regreening of wheat in 2009–2010 and 2010–2011 growing seasons. Dry matter accumulation before wintering was represented by dry weight per plant and total stem and tiller numbers at prewintering stage, while dry matter after wintering was described by the Logistic curve characteristics based onrelative accumulated temperature(R_GDDi). The grain yield and yieldcomponents of winter wheat were closely related to characteristic parameters such as maximum rate of dry matter accumulation and two inflection points in the curve for dry matter accumulation rate. Paired-samplet-test was used to validate the models established, and no significant difference was observed between the simulated and observed values. The results indicate that the Logistic model is able to describe the process of dry matter accumulation and the formation of grain yield and its components in winter wheat. The models established can be used in analysis of population regulation in winter wheat.

为揭示冬小麦产量形成与干物质积累的定量关系，2009—2011年利用3个田间试验建立了不同播种期、基本苗、底肥用量、追氮时期和用量、冬前灌水量、返青后灌水量和灌水时期等的冬小麦群体，分析了冬小麦干物质积累过程特征对产量及其构成因素的影响机制和定量关系。冬前干物质积累特征用单株干物重和冬前茎蘖数来表示，越冬后特征由基于相对积温(R_GDDi)的Logistic曲线特征来描述。结果表明，群体干物质积累最大速率、干物质积累速率的2个拐点等特征量与产量及其构成因子有紧密的联系，所建立的关系模型均达到极显著水平(P<0.01)。对有关模型进一步用独立样本进行配对t-检验，结果模拟值与实际值差异不显著(P>0.05)。基于相对积温(R_GDDi)的Logistic模型不仅能较好地描述小麦冬后干物质积累过程，而且其曲线特征也能用于分析冬小麦产量及其构成因素的形成规律，以此为基础的产量关系方程可用于冬小麦生产群体调控的理论分析。

... 赵娇等^[28]研究表明, 快增期结束时间离收获期越近, 持续时间越长, 有利于产量的提高 ...

2012

0.0

. 2012, 32(17):5512-5520

A model to predict dry matter accumulation dynamics in wheat based on the normalized method

Liu J , 刘娟), Xiong S-P , 熊淑萍), Yang Y , 杨阳), Zhai Q-Y , 翟清云), Wang Y-F , 王严峰), Wang J , 王静), Ma X-M

为探讨基于归一化法的不同分蘖力小麦品种干物质积累动态预测模型和参数特征,实现不同小麦品种干物质积累的有效预测,以3个分蘖力不同的小麦品种(豫麦49-198、兰考矮早8和偃展4110)为材料,对3个密度(75、225和375 万株/hm²)下的干物质积累动态进行了研究。结果表明,高成穗率小麦品种(豫麦49-198和偃展4110)的干物质重均以375 万株/hm²密度最高,而分蘖力高成穗率低的小麦品种(兰考矮早8)以225 万株/hm²最高。建立的基于相对干物质积累量和相对积温的干物质积累预测模型中最佳模型方程式为y=1.1435/(1+e^{0.2776-4.6558}^x)^1/0.1130,r=0.9927,可较好地对小麦干物质积累动态进行模拟。通过对小麦干物质积累模型的特征参数分析发现,干物质积累过程可划分为前、中和后期3个阶段,且干物质积累平均速率与最终干物质重呈极显著正相关,较高的干物质积累平均速率对小麦干物质重的稳定和提高都有十分重要的作用。

... 刘娟等^[29]分析得出, 快增期是干物质积累变化速率对密度的敏感反映期 ...

2007

0.0

1.0045

J Maize Sci. 2007, (3):75 - 79

Researches of Analysis and Growth on Spring Maize with Super-high Yield in Cold Region

低温冷凉地区超高产春玉米群体生长分析研究

CHENChuan-yong^[1];DONGZhi-qiang^[2];ZHAOMing^[2];ZHANGBin^[3];ZHUPing^[4]

陈传永^[1];董志强^[2];赵明^[2];张宾^[3];朱平^[4]

以"三合模式"为基础,从产量构成、光合性能、源库3方面对东北雨养玉米产区产量水平高于1.5×104 kg/bm2的不同密度玉米群体进行研究.结果表明:在东北雨养地区玉米要获得高于1.5×104 kg/hm2的产量,须选择耐密性品种,密度介于80000～87000 株/hm2,叶片光能持续期长,吐丝后光合势大于2.87×106 m2/(d·hm2),叶面积比率与叶面积维持在合理水平,生育期平均净同化率大于5.21g/(m2·d),营养生长时期相对生长率迅速,吐丝到灌浆期相对生长率稳定,吐丝后干物质积累量高于16192.48 kg/hm2,转化率大于83.6%,经济系数维持在0.5左右.

... LAR反映了源供应能力的强弱以及源库是否协调^[30], 2个超级杂交水稻在生育中后期的LAR较大, 说明其源供应能力较强 ...