不结球白菜维生素C含量主基因+多基因遗传分析

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林婷婷, 王建军, 王立, 陈暄, 侯喜林, 李英. 不结球白菜维生素C含量主基因+多基因遗传分析. 作物学报, 2014, 40(10): 1733-1739[LIN Ting-Ting, WANG Jian-Jun, WANG Li, CHEN Xuan, HOU Xi-Lin, LI Ying. Major Gene Plus Polygene Inheritance of Vitamin C Content in Non-heading Chinese Cabbage. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2014, 40(10): 1733-1739] 复制到剪切板

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不结球白菜维生素C含量主基因+多基因遗传分析

林婷婷, 王建军, 王立, 陈暄, 侯喜林, 李英^*

作物遗传与种质创新国家重点实验室 / 南京农业大学园艺学院, 江苏南京 210095

^* 通讯作者(Corresponding author): 李英, E-mail:yingli@njau.edu.cn, Tel: 025-84395756

收稿日期:2014-07-06

基金:本研究由国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2009CB119001), 中央高校基本科研业务费自主创新重点研究项目(KYZ201111), 国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)项目(2012AA100202)和江苏省科技支撑计划项目(BE2012325)资助;

摘要

以高维生素C含量不结球白菜自交系乌塌菜和低维生素C含量不结球白菜自交系二青杂交获得的6个世代(P₁、P₂、F₁、B₁、B₂和F₂)株系为材料, 应用植物数量性状主基因+多基因混合遗传模型, 对不结球白菜中维生素C含量进行遗传分析。结果显示, 不结球白菜中维生素C含量受1对加性主基因+加性-显性多基因控制, 其中2011年结果中, 主基因的加性效应为13.15, 在B₁、B₂、F₂世代中主基因的遗传率分别为54.38%、38.58%和18.69%, 多基因的遗传率分别为24.69%、36.92%和40.70%; 2013年结果中, 主基因的加性效应为6.04, 在B₁、B₂、F₂世代中主基因的遗传率分别为1.88%、6.41%和45.04%, 多基因的遗传率分别为39.67%、16.57%和16.91%。可见, 不结球白菜维生素C性状受环境影响较大, 在不结球白菜高维生素C含量品种选育过程中, 要注重环境影响, 并可以通过分子标记辅助选择, 对性状进行改良。

关键词: 不结球白菜; 维生素C; 主基因+多基因; 遗传模型分析

Major Gene Plus Polygene Inheritance of Vitamin C Content in Non-heading Chinese Cabbage

LIN Ting-Ting, WANG Jian-Jun, WANG Li, CHEN Xuan, HOU Xi-Lin, LI Ying^*

State Key Laboratory of Corp Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement / College of Horticulture of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China

Fund:

Abstract

The mixed major gene plus polygene inheritance model was used to investigate the inheritance law of vitamin C in non-heading Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris ssp.chinensis Makino) in six generations (P₁, P₂, F₁, B₁, B₂, and F₂) derived from Wutacai line (with high vitamin C content) × Erqing line (with low vitamin C content). The results showed that the trait of vitamin C was controlled by one additive major gene plus additive-dominant polygene in the joint analysis of six generations. The result in 2011 showed that the additive effect was 13.15. Heritabilities of major genes in B₁, B₂, and F₂ populations were 54.38%, 38.58%, and 18.69%, respectively, while those of polygenes in the three populations were 24.69%, 36.92%, and 40.7%, respectively. The result in 2013 showed that the additive effect was 6.04. Heritabilities of major genes in B₁, B₂, and F₂ populations were 1.88%, 6.41%, and 45.04%, respectively, while those of polygenes in B₁, B₂, and F₂ populations were 39.67%, 16.57%, and 16.91%, respectively. The results from two years indicated that environmental factors could play roles in inheritance of vitamin C in non-heading Chinese cabbage. Thus, the marker assisted selection method could be used to screen high vitamin C cultivars of non-heading Chinese cabbage. In addition, environmental conditions should also be considered in the breeding process.

Keyword: Non-heading Chinese cabbage; Vitamin C; Major gene plus polygene; Inheritance model

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随着人们生活水平的提高, 人们对蔬菜产品质量的要求日益提高, 不仅要求外观美、风味佳, 而且要求蔬菜具有丰富、均衡的营养^{[ 1]}。维生素C是一种高活性物质, 能够提高人体免疫力, 预防癌症、心脏病、中风的发生, 也可作为抗衰老及抗逆境的重要生理指标。作为不结球白菜的重要品质性状之一, 维生素C的遗传方式属于数量遗传^{[ 2]}。曾国平和曹寿椿^{[ 3]}采用经典数量遗传方法的基因效应分析初步确定, 不结球白菜中维生素C含量符合加性-显性模型。张增翠等^{[ 2]}研究显示不结球白菜中维生素C含量符合1对主基因+多基因混合遗传模型, 但没有确定具体的遗传模型, 也未确定基因间的效应和不同基因在遗传效应上的差异。近年来, 随着数量遗传分析方法的发展, 植物数量性状主基因+多基因混合遗传模型分析方法^{[ 4, 5]}应运而生, 该方法不仅可以鉴别主基因, 检测多基因效应, 还能检测基因间的交互作用^{[ 6]}和上位性, 并涉及基因与环境间的互作^{[ 7]}。近年来, 植物数量性状的主基因+多基因混合遗传模型分析方法不仅在小麦、玉米、水稻等大田作物中广泛应用^{[ 8, 9, 10, 11]}, 也越来越多地被用于辣椒、青花菜、甘蓝、西葫芦等蔬菜作物的研究^{[ 12, 13, 14, 15, 16]}。

本研究利用植物数量性状主基因+多基因多世代联合分析方法, 分析不结球白菜中维生素C含量的遗传, 以期为不结球白菜高维生素C育种和品质改良的世代选择提供理论依据。

1 材料与方法

1.1 试验材料

从不结球白菜高代自交系中, 选择具有代表性的高维生素C含量的乌塌菜(P₁)为母本, 低维生素C含量的二青(P₂)为父本, 杂交得到F₁, 分别与P₁、P₂回交得到B₁、B₂群体, F₁自交得到F₂群体。全部供试材料由南京农业大学白菜课题组提供。

2011年9月在南京农业大学大棚中种植P₁、P₂、F₁、B₁、B₂和F₂代群体, 其中, P₁、P₂和F₁各18株, F₂ 178株, B₁ 59株, B₂ 58株。2013年9月在南京农业大学江浦农场露地栽培P₁ 24株、P₂ 22株、F₁ 23株、F₂ 215株、B₁ 63株和B₂ 61株。待植株长到第8周时进行试验。

1.2 维生素C含量测定

在上午9:00, 取不结球白菜植株同一叶位叶片

的相同部位, 称0.2 g, 用铝箔纸包好立即放入液氮, 于-80℃冰箱保存。参照Bartoli等^{[ 17]}的方法, 并进行改进, 将植物叶片放在研钵中, 加入0.1%的草酸1.5 mL充分研磨; 4℃条件下15 294 × g离心15 min, 取上清液; 在高效液相色谱仪上进样, 测定维生素C含量。色谱以0.1%的乙酸为流动相, 流速1 mL min^-1, 柱温30℃, 检测波长为245 nm。

1.3 遗传模型分析

采用盖钧镒等^{[ 4, 5]}提出的植物主基因+多基因多世代联合分析方法, 对2年份6个世代的维生素C含量进行各种可能遗传模型的极大似然(maximum likelihood method)分析, 采用AIC准则选出几个备选模型, 进行一组适合性测验, 即 U₁²、 U₂²、 U₃² (均匀性检验)、 _nW² (Smirnov检验)和 D_n(Kolmogorov检验), 以确定最佳模型。根据最优模型及其对应的一组成分分布参数, 采用最小二乘法估计相应的遗传参数, 包括主基因、多基因的加性、显性、上位性, 主基因和多基因的遗传率等。

2 结果与分析

2.1 不同世代中维生素C含量的次数分布

在2011年和2013年的结果中, 亲本P₁和P₂维生素C含量差异极显著, F₁维生素C含量的平均值介于两亲本之间, 未显示超亲优势, 但数值上更偏向于维生素C含量高的P₁(表1)。B₁、B₂和F₂群体中维生素C含量次数分布(图1)表明, 不结球白菜中维生素C性状具有主基因-多基因的遗传特征, 可以进行下一步遗传分析。

表1 亲本和F₁中的维生素C含量次数分布 Table 1 Frequency distribution of vitamin C content in populations of P₁, P₂, and F₁

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图1 B₁、B₂和F₂群体的维生素C含量次数分布Fig. 1 Frequency distribution of vitamin C content in populations of B₁, B₂, and F₂C1: 20-30; C2: 30-40; C3: 40-50; C4: 50-60; C5: 60-70; C6: 70-80; C7: 80-90; C8: 90-100; C9: 100-110; C10: 110-120; C11: 120-130; C12: 130-140; C13: 140-150; C14: 150-160; D1: 37-45; D1:45-53; D3: 53-61; D4: 61-69; D5: 69-77; D6: 77-85; D7: 85-93; D8: 93-101; D9: 101-109; D10: 109-117; D11: 117-125; D12: 125-133; D13:133-141.

2.2 遗传模型的选择及模型适合性检验

利用植物数量遗传性状主基因+多基因混合遗传模型的多世代联合分析方法, 根据2年对维生素C含量的分析, 分别获得1对主基因(A)、2对主基因(B)、多基因(C)、1对主基因+多基因(D)和2对主基因+多基因(E) 5类24种模型的极大对数似然值和AIC值(表2), 根据AIC值最小原则, 从各遗传模型中初步选备选模型。其中, 2011年大棚条件下, 维生素C性状的备选遗传模型为D-2、D-4和D-1模型; 2013年露地栽培条件下, 维生素C性状的备选遗传模型为D-2、D-3和B-1模型。

对备选模型进行适合性检验, 选择统计量达到显著水平个数最少的模型作为最适遗传模型(表3)。2011年维生素C的备选模型中, D-2、D-4和D-1模型的统计量均未达到显著水平, 2013年维生素C的备选模型中, D-2、D-3和D-1模型的统计量均有一个达到显著水平。结合各模型的AIC值(表2), 比较选择结果表明, 2年的最优遗传模型均是D-2模型, 即1对加性主基因+加性-显性多基因模型。

表2 各遗传模型的极大对数似然值和AIC值 Table 2 Estimation of max-likelihood-value and AIC value of different genetic models

表3 备选模型的适合性检验 Table 3 Fitness test of candidate genetic models

2.3 遗传参数的估计

根据模型的极大似然估计值, 按照盖钧镒等^{[ 4, 5]}的方法, 估计模型的一阶遗传参数和二阶遗传参数(表4)。2011年大棚试验中, 控制不结球白菜维生素C含量的主基因加性效应值是13.15, 多基因的加性和显性效应值分别是-1.93和18.33, 而多基因的显性势能比值为-9.51, 表明多基因呈负向完全显性。数据显示, 主基因的加性效应明显高于多基因的加性效应, 而多基因的显性效应明显, 具有负向超亲优势。从效应的绝对值来看, 维生素C含量的显性效应明显高于加性效应。B₁、B₂、F₂世代中的主基因遗传率分别为54.38%、38.58%和18.69%, 多基因遗传率分别为24.69%、36.92%和40.7%, 主基因方差占总遗传方差的比例分别为68.78%、51.10%和31.47%。在F₂群体中, 主基因+多基因遗传效率决定了维生素C含量表型变异的59.39%, 其余40.61%的变异由环境因素决定, 表明环境因素对维生素C含量存在较大影响。

2013年露地栽培的调查结果显示, 控制不结球白菜维生素C含量的主基因加性效应值是6.04, 多基因的加性和显性效应值分别是2.31和-2.95, 多基因的显性势能比值为-1.28, 其显性效应大于加性效应, 有负向超显性作用。B₁、B₂、F₂世代中的主基因遗传率分别为1.88%、6.41%和45.04%, 多基因的遗传率分别为39.67%、16.57%和16.91%。在F₂群体中, 主基因+多基因遗传效率决定了维生素C含量表型变异的61.95%, 还有38.05%的变异受环境因素影响, 且在B₁、B₂群体中, 维生素C含量受环境因素的影响更大。这表明在露地环境中, 环境对维生素C含量的遗传存在较大影响。在2年结果中维生素C含量的遗传参数值相差较大, 表明环境对遗传参数有较大影响。F₂群体中主基因与多基因的遗传比例变化较大, 但整体遗传效率比较稳定, 在育种中适合在F₂群体中进行选择。

表4 维生素C含量的D-2模型遗传参数的估计 Table 4 Estimates of genetic parameters of vitamin C in D-2 model

3 讨论

维生素C含量是不结球白菜的重要品质与农艺性状, 其遗传效应属于数量遗传, 受多基因控制, 遗传机制非常复杂^{[ 2, 18]}。因此对维生素C含量遗传规律的研究就成为不结球白菜优质育种的必要前提, 同时也可以为合理的世代选择提供理论依据。张增翠等^{[ 2]}采用王建康等^{[ 19]}的数量性状遗传模型, 发现不结球白菜还原型维生素C符合1对主基因+多基因的混合遗传模型。本研究采用了盖钧镒等^{[ 4, 5]}的主基因+多基因遗传体系分离分析方法。该方法在王健康等^{[ 19]}遗传模型的基础上, 将混合基因遗传模式扩展到5类24种。本研究结果表明不结球白菜的维生素C含量符合1对加性主基因+加性-显性多基因的遗传模型, 这与张增翠等^{[ 2]}的结果类似。

本研究中, 2011年F₂群体的主基因遗传效应小于多基因遗传效应, 遗传率分别为18.69%和40.70%; 而2013年F₂群体的主基因和多基因遗传率分别是45.04%和16.91%, 这表明对于不结球白菜维生素C含量性状, F₂群体中主基因+多基因的遗传效应占60%左右, 还有很大一部分是受环境因素影响。另外, 2011和2013年的主基因遗传率相差较大, 说明环境因素造成的变异对不结球白菜维生素C含量的影响很大。许伟利等^{[ 20]}对华南型黄瓜维生素C含量的遗传分析中发现, 温室栽培条件下, 环境方差占表型方差的比例为25.78%~63.66%, 说明环境对维生素C含量的遗传有较大影响。而Massot等^{[ 21]}研究发现光照等环境因素对维生素C基因表达的影响以番茄叶片中大于果实中, 因此本研究中不结球白菜叶片中维生素C含量很可能受环境影响较大。另外Ioannidi等^{[ 22]}发现温度会通过诱导番茄中维生素C相关基因的表达, 而影响维生素C的含量。在本研究中, 大棚试验与露地试验的环境条件差别较大, 这也可能是影响不结球白菜维生素C含量遗传的原因。因此, 温度、光照等环境因素的差异, 极有可能造成2年试验中F₂世代主基因遗传率相差较大。

在不结球白菜维生素C含量的遗传中, 环境方差占表型方差的比例较高, 说明在维生素C含量的遗传中基因型与环境之间存在较强的互作效应^{[ 23]}。因此在不结球白菜高维生素C含量品质的育种过程中, 应创造良好的栽培条件, 降低环境对维生素C含量的影响。因为环境对维生素C含量影响大, 所以在育种中要加强每代植株维生素C含量的检测, 以确保选择的准确可靠。本研究将植物数量性状遗传的主基因+多基因分离分析体系应用于不结球白菜维生素C含量的遗传分析中, 发现控制不结球白菜维生素C含量的遗传效应属于主基因+多基因效应。随着测序技术和分子标记技术的发展, 在今后的研究中可以利用现有基因组测序数据进行分子标记设计和开发, 通过本研究构建的群体进行分子标记的筛选, 从而获得控制维生素C含量性状主效基因的分子标记, 并将相关基因定位到不结球白菜遗传连锁图谱上。此外, 将主基因+多基因的遗传分析结果与QTL定位数据相结合, 可以进一步验证数量遗传中主效基因的数量和作用, 从而提高遗传分析结果的准确度和可靠性^{[ 24]}。因此, 在不结球白菜维生素C含量性状分子遗传育种中, 除研究其遗传规律外, 下一步还需挖掘主效基因以及相关QTL, 为相关多基因的聚合奠定基础。由于环境因素能够影响数量性状基因的表达, 导致不同环境下遗传分析结果的差异^{[ 25]}, 因此需要利用现有6个世代材料构建稳定的不结球白菜重组自交系群体, 通过设计多个环境和多个重复条件, 提高不结球白菜维生素C含量遗传分析结果的精度, 为今后的QTL定位和分子标记开发奠定基础。

4 结论

不结球白菜的维生素C含量受1对加性主基因+加性-显性多基因控制, 受环境影响较大。

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

作者已声明无竞争性利益关系。The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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[3]	曾国平, 曹寿椿. 不结球白菜主要品质性状遗传效应分析. 园艺学报, 1997, 24: 43-47 Zeng G P, Cao S C. Genetic analysis of the main quality characters of non-heading Chinese cabbage. Acta Hort Sin, 1997, 24: 43-47 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1]
[4]	盖钧镒, 章元明, 王建康. QTL混合遗传模型扩展至2对主基因+多基因时的多世代联合分析. 作物学报, 2000, 26: 385-391 Gai J Y, Zhang Y M, Wang J K. A joint analysis of multiple generations for QTL models extended to mixed two major genes plus polygene. Acta Agron Sin, 2000, 26: 385-391 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:4] [CJCR: 1.667]
[5]	盖钧镒, 章元明, 王建康. 植物数量性状遗传体系. 北京: 科学出版社, 2003 Gai J Y, Zhang Y M, Wang J K. Genetic System of Quantitative Traits in Plants. Beijing: Science Press, 2003 (in Chinese) [本文引用:4]
[6]	Wang J K, Gai J Y. Mixed inheritance model for resistance to agromyzid beanfly (Melanagromyza sojae Zehntner) in soybean. Euphytica, 2001, 122: 9-18 [本文引用:1] [JCR: 1.643]
[7]	Gai J Y. Segregation analysis on genetic system of quantitative traits in plants. Front Biol, 2006, 1: 85-92 [本文引用:1]
[8]	孙海艳, 徐德林, 蔡一林, 王久光, 王国强, 邵荣华. 玉米穗部性状的多世代联合遗传分析. 植物遗传资源学报, 2012, 13: 1005-1010 Sun H Y, Xu D L, Cai Y L, Wang J G, Wang G Q, Shao R H. Genetic analysis of ear-related traits in maize by using joint analysis of multiple generations. J Plant Genet Resour, 2012, 13: 1005-1010 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1] [CJCR: 1.1628]
[9]	黄冰艳, 张新友, 苗利娟, 刘华, 秦利, 徐静, 张忠信, 汤丰收, 董文召, 韩锁义, 刘志勇. 花生油酸和亚油酸含量的遗传模式分析. 中国农业科学, 2012, 45: 617-624 Huang B Y, Zhang X Y, Miao L J, Liu H, Qin L, Xu J, Zhang Z X, Tang F S, Dong W Z, Han S Y, Liu Z Y. Inheritance analysis of oleic acid and linoleic acid content of Arachis hypogaea L. Sci Agric Sin, 2012, 45: 617-624 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1] [CJCR: 1.889]
[10]	李华, 刘联正, 杨兴圣, 梁子英, 沈玮囡, 奚亚军, 王竹林, 刘曙东. 小麦抗源材料0911-3抗白粉病的主基因+多基因遗传分析. 华北农学报, 2013, 28(1): 37-43 Li H, Liu L Z, Yang X S, Liang Z Y, Shen W N, Xi Y J, Wang Z L, Liu S D. Major plus multi-gene analysis of resistance to powdery mildew in wheat strain 0911-3. Acta Agric Boreali-Sin, 2013, 28(1): 37-43 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1] [CJCR: 0.951]
[11]	李余生, 朱镇, 张亚东, 赵凌, 王才林. 水稻稻曲病抗性的主基因+多基因混合遗传模型分析. 作物学报, 2008, 34: 1728-1733 Li Y S, Zhu Z, Zhang Y D, Zhao L, Wang C L. Genetic analysis of rice false smut resistance using major gene plus polygene mixed genetic model. Acta Agron Sin, 2008, 34: 1728-1733 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1] [CJCR: 1.667]
[12]	陈学军, 方荣, 周坤华, 缪南生. 黄长林. 辣椒果实性状主基因+多基因遗传分析. 西北植物学报, 2012, 2: 246-251 Chen X J, Fang R, Zhou K H, Liao N S, Huang C L. Major gene plus polygene inheritance analysis of fruit traits in pepper. Acta Bot Boreali-Occident Sin, 2012, 2: 246-251 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1] [CJCR: 1.321]
[13]	陈凤真. 西葫芦产量性状主基因-多基因混合遗传分析. 华北农业学报, 2011, 26(3): 79-85 Chen F Z. Analysis of yield traits using mixed major gene and polygene inheritance model in summer squash. Acta Agric Boreali- Sin, 2011, 26(3): 79-85 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1]
[14]	刘二艳, 刘玉梅, 方智远, 杨丽梅, 庄木, 张扬勇, 袁素霞, 孙继峰, 李占省, 孙培田. 青花菜花球-荚叶性状主基因+多基因遗传分析. 园艺学报, 2009, 36: 1611-1618 Liu E Y, Liu Y M, Fang Z Y, Yang L M, Zhuang M, Zhang Y Y, Yuan S X, Sun J F, Li Z S, Sun P T. Genetic analysis of head-leaf traits using mixed major gene plus polygene inheritance model in Brassica oleracea L. var. italica planch. Acta Hort Sin, 2009, 36: 1611-1618 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1]
[15]	王玉刚, 李萌, 吕晓雯, 张翠庭, 屈巍巍, 冯辉. 白菜叶裂数性状主基因+多基因遗传分析. 西北植物学报, 2012, 32: 252-256 Wang Y G, Li M, Lü X W, Zhang C T, Qu W W, Feng H. Genetic analysis of leaf lobes in Brassica rapa using missed major gene plus polygene model. Acta Bot Boreali-Occident Sin, 2012, 32: 252-256 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1] [CJCR: 1.321]
[16]	苏彦宾, 刘玉梅, 方智远, 杨丽梅, 庄木, 张扬勇, 张小丽, 孙培田. 结球甘蓝耐裂球性状遗传分析. 园艺学报, 2012, 39: 1482-1490 Su Y B, Liu Y M, Fang Z Y, Yang L M, Zhuang M, Zhang Y Y, Zhang X L, Sun P T. Genetic analysis of head-splitting resistance traits in cabbage. Acta Hort Sin, 2012, 39: 1482-1490 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1]
[17]	Bartoli C G, Yu J P, Gómez F, Fernández L, McIntosh L, Foyer C H. Inter-relationships between light and respiration in the control of ascorbic acid synthesis and accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves. J Exp Bot, 2006, 57: 1621-1631 [本文引用:1] [JCR: 5.242]
[18]	郝慧楠, 王倩, 侯喜林, 张琳, 荣子龙, 徐卿. 不结球白菜主要农艺性状的分离分析. 南京农业大学学报, 2010, 33(4): 8-12 Hao H N, Wang Q, Hou X L, Zhang L, Rong Z L, Xu Q. Segregation analysis of the main agronomic characters of non-heading Chinese cabbage. J Nanjing Agric Univ, 2010, 33(4): 8-12 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1] [CJCR: 0.916]
[19]	王建康, 盖钧镒. 利用杂种F₂世代鉴定数量性状主基因-多基因混合遗传模型并估计其遗传效应. 遗传学报, 1997, 24: 432-440 Wang J K, Gai J Y. Identification of major gene and polgene mixed inheritance model and estimation of genetic parameters of a quantitative trait from F₂ progeny. Acta Genet Sin, 1997, 24: 432-440 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:2]
[20]	许伟利, 司龙亭, 闵跃, 高平, 孟茜, 李坤. 华南型黄瓜维生素C含量的遗传分析. 华北农学报, 2012, 27(4): 102-106 Xu W L, Si L T, Min Y, Gao P, Meng Q, Li K. Genetic analysis of vitamin C content of the south China type cucumber. Acta Agric Boreali-Sin, 2012, 27(4): 102-106 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1] [CJCR: 0.951]
[21]	Massot C, Stevens R, Génard M, Longuenesse J J, Gautier H. Light affects ascorbate content and ascorbate-related gene expression in tomato leaves more than in fruits. Planta, 2012, 235: 153-163 [本文引用:1] [JCR: 3.347]
[22]	Ioannidi E, Kalamaki M S, Engineer C, Pateraki I, Alexand rou D, Mellidou I, Giovannonni J, Kanellis A K. Expression profiling of ascorbic acid-related genes during tomato fruit development and ripening and in response to stress conditions. J Exp Bot, 2009, 60: 663-678 [本文引用:1] [JCR: 5.242]
[23]	陆国权, 黄华宏, 何腾弟. 甘薯维生素C和胡萝卜素含量的基因型、环境及基因型与环境互作效应的分析. 中国农业科学, 2002, 35: 482-486 Lu G Q, Huang H H, He T D. Genotype and environmental effects on vitamin C and carotene contents in sweetpotato. Sci Agric Sin, 2002, 35: 482-486 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1] [CJCR: 1.889]
[24]	张洁夫, 戚存扣, 浦惠明, 陈松, 陈锋, 高建芹, 陈新军, 顾慧, 傅寿仲. 甘蓝型油菜含油量的遗传与 QTL 定位. 作物学报, 2007, 33: 1495-1501 Zhang J F, Qi C K, Pu H M, Chen S, Chen F, Gao J Q, Chen X J, Gu H, Fu S Z. Inheritance and QTL identification of oil content in rapeseed (Brassica napus L. ). Acta Agron Sin, 2007, 33: 1495-1501 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1] [CJCR: 1.667]
[25]	张培通, 朱协飞, 郭旺珍, 俞敬忠, 张天真. 高产棉花品种泗棉 3号产量及其产量构成因素的遗传分析. 作物学报, 2006, 32: 1011-1017 Zhang P T, Zhu X F, Guo W Z, Yu J Z, Zhang T Z. Genetic analysis of yield and its components for high yield cultivar Simian 3 in G. hirsutum L. Acta Agron Sin, 2006, 32: 1011-1017 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1] [CJCR: 1.667]

1998

0.0

... 随着人们生活水平的提高, 人们对蔬菜产品质量的要求日益提高, 不仅要求外观美、风味佳, 而且要求蔬菜具有丰富、均衡的营养^[1] ...

1999

0.0

... 作为不结球白菜的重要品质性状之一, 维生素C的遗传方式属于数量遗传^[2] ...

... 张增翠等^[2]研究显示不结球白菜中维生素C含量符合1对主基因+多基因混合遗传模型, 但没有确定具体的遗传模型, 也未确定基因间的效应和不同基因在遗传效应上的差异 ...

... 3 讨论维生素C含量是不结球白菜的重要品质与农艺性状, 其遗传效应属于数量遗传, 受多基因控制, 遗传机制非常复杂^[2,18] ...

... 张增翠等^[2]采用王建康等^[19]的数量性状遗传模型, 发现不结球白菜还原型维生素C符合1对主基因+多基因的混合遗传模型 ...

... 本研究结果表明不结球白菜的维生素C含量符合1对加性主基因+加性-显性多基因的遗传模型, 这与张增翠等^[2]的结果类似 ...

1997

0.0

... 曾国平和曹寿椿^[3]采用经典数量遗传方法的基因效应分析初步确定, 不结球白菜中维生素C含量符合加性-显性模型 ...

2000

0.0

1.667

盖钧镒, 章元明, 王建康. QTL混合遗传模型扩展至2对主基因+多基因时的多世代联合分析. 作物学报, 2000, 26: 385-391

Gai

J Y

, Zhang

Y M

, Wang

J K

. A joint analysis of multiple generations for QTL models extended to mixed two major genes plus polygene. Acta Agron Sin, 2000, 26: 385-391 (in Chinese with English abstract)

The two major genes plus polygene Model (Model E) of QTL in a joint a n alysis of P1, F1, P2, B1, B2 and F2 was extended to based on Gai a nd Wang (1998). The major steps were to establish the genetic models and re spective max im um likelihood functions, to estimate the distribution parameters thro

Soybean Research Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University; National Center of Soybean Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095

本文将Gai and Wang(1998)的P1、 F1、 P2、 B1、 B2和F2 6个世代联合分离分析方法从A、 B、 C、 D 4类共17种遗传模型扩展至E(2对主基因＋多基因)共5类24种遗传模型。成分分布参数估计的方法由EM算法改进为迭代条件EM算法(IECM)，其收敛性和所获结果优于EM算法。水稻株高例中2对主基因+多基因的遗传模型(E-2)优于原所

... 近年来, 随着数量遗传分析方法的发展, 植物数量性状主基因+多基因混合遗传模型分析方法^[4,5]应运而生, 该方法不仅可以鉴别主基因, 检测多基因效应, 还能检测基因间的交互作用^[6]和上位性, 并涉及基因与环境间的互作^[7] ...

... 3 遗传模型分析采用盖钧镒等^[4,5]提出的植物主基因+多基因多世代联合分析方法, 对2年份6个世代的维生素C含量进行各种可能遗传模型的极大似然(maximum likelihood method)分析, 采用AIC准则选出几个备选模型, 进行一组适合性测验, 即U₁²、U₂²、U₃² (均匀性检验)、_nW² (Smirnov检验)和D_n_{(Kolmogorov检验), 以确定最佳模型 ...}

... 3 遗传参数的估计根据模型的极大似然估计值, 按照盖钧镒等^[4,5]的方法, 估计模型的一阶遗传参数和二阶遗传参数(表4) ...

... 本研究采用了盖钧镒等^[4,5]的主基因+多基因遗传体系分离分析方法 ...

2003

0.0

... 3 遗传参数的估计根据模型的极大似然估计值, 按照盖钧镒等^[4,5]的方法, 估计模型的一阶遗传参数和二阶遗传参数(表4) ...

... 本研究采用了盖钧镒等^[4,5]的主基因+多基因遗传体系分离分析方法 ...

2001

1.643

0.0

Wang

J K

, Gai

J Y

. Mixed inheritance model for resistance to agromyzid beanfly (Melanagromyza sojae Zehntner) in soybean. Euphytica, 2001, 122: 9-18

A quantitative trait could be controlled by a few major genes and many polygenes. Distinguishing the effects of major genes from polygenes and/or environments is important for understanding the expression of a major gene in relation to its genetic background, and for predicting the segregation of a cross in breeding. Our objective was to re-analyze the resistance of soybean to agromyzid beanfly by a mixed inheritance model. Number of insects in stem (NIS) was used as an indicator of resistance. The previous result from the segregation ratio of resistance and susceptibility was that resistance was controlled by one dominant gene. The major results from the mixed inheritance model were (1) the inheritance of resistance was controlled by one major gene along with minor genes; (2) Additive and dominance effects of minor genes were generally less than those of the major gene and varied among crosses, indicating different minor gene systems; (3) Heritability was higher for the major gene than for the minor genes; (4) The F 2 plants and F 2:3 lines were classified into appropriate genotypes according to their posterior probabilities and the critical value to distinguish resistant and susceptible plants was given for NIS based on the classification. These results indicated that mixed major gene and polygene genetic analysis was superior to the frequently used classical Mendelian method.

1.Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou Laboratory Center Henan 450002 PR China Henan 450002 PR China 2.Nanjing Agricultural University Soybean Research Institute Nanjing 210095 PR China Nanjing 210095 PR China

2006

0.0

Gai

J Y

. Segregation analysis on genetic system of quantitative traits in plants. Front Biol, 2006, 1: 85-92

2012

0.0

1.1628

... 近年来, 植物数量性状的主基因+多基因混合遗传模型分析方法不仅在小麦、玉米、水稻等大田作物中广泛应用^[8,9,10,11], 也越来越多地被用于辣椒、青花菜、甘蓝、西葫芦等蔬菜作物的研究^{[12,13,14,15,16]} ...

2012

0.0

1.889

黄冰艳, 张新友, 苗利娟, 刘华, 秦利, 徐静, 张忠信, 汤丰收, 董文召, 韩锁义, 刘志勇. 花生油酸和亚油酸含量的遗传模式分析. 中国农业科学, 2012, 45: 617-624

Huang

B Y

, Zhang

X Y

, Miao

L J

, Liu

, Qin

, Xu

, Zhang

Z X

, Tang

F S

, Dong

W Z

, Han

S Y

, Liu

Z Y

. Inheritance analysis of oleic acid and linoleic acid content of Arachis hypogaea L. Sci Agric Sin, 2012, 45: 617-624 (in Chinese with English abstract)

【Objective】In order to understand the genetic basis of oleic acid content in peanut, the genetic models of oleic acid and linoleic acid was proposed by using F2 populations derived from crosses between normal-oleic and high-oleic genotypes. 【Method】Four cross combinations were made between 4 genotypes with normal oleic acid content and 2 high-oleic genotypes, wt08-0932 and wt08-0934, respectively. The number of major genes controlling oleic acid and linoleic acid contents, their additive and/or dominant effects and heritabilities were estimated using genetic parameters based on genetic models. 【Result】The results indicated that oleic acid and linoleic acid contents were controlled by two major genes with additive-dominant-epistatic effects. The heritabilities of the two major genes were 66%-89% for oleic acid and 70%-85% for linoleic acid, respectively, implying the existence of polygenic effects. Negative dominant effects were observed for both major genes controlling oleic acid content, while positive dominant effects were detected for linoleic acid content. 【Conclusion】The oleic and linoleic acid contents in peanut were controlled by two major genes together with gene interactions and polygene effects. Both of the additive and dominant effects of the first major gene were much higher than that of the second one. The high oleic acid content resulted from the mutation effects of the two major genes and the medium-low and medium-high oleic acid content was the result of the single gene mutation depending on the additive and dominant effects of the individual gene.

1.中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院，北京 100193 2.河南省农业科学院经济作物研究所/农业部黄淮海油料作物重点实验室/河南省油料作物遗传改良重点实验室，郑州 450002

【目的】利用F2遗传群体分析油酸和亚油酸含量的遗传模式，为高油酸种质的利用奠定基础。【方法】利用高油酸亲本wt08-0932和wt08-0934与普通（低）油酸含量品种配制杂交组合，建立不同杂交组合的遗传模型，并进行遗传参数估计，明确控制油酸性状的主基因个数、加性或显性效应值、遗传力等。【结果】获得控制油酸和亚油酸性状遗传的2对主基因加性-显性-上位性遗传模型，油酸和亚油酸性状的2对主基因遗传力分别为66%—89%和70%—85%，并存在多基因效应。控制油酸含量的2个主基因显性效应值均为负值，控制亚油酸含量的2个主基因的显性效应值均为正值。【结论】花生的油酸和亚油酸性状分别由2对主基因控制，同时存在基因互作及多基因效应。第一对主基因的加性和显性效应均大于第二对主基因。2对主基因同时变异形成高油酸性状；2对主基因之间的加性和显性效应的差异导致在1对主基因变异时形成中低油酸含量和中高油酸含量的性状表现。

2013

0.0

0.951

2008

0.0

1.667

李余生, 朱镇, 张亚东, 赵凌, 王才林. 水稻稻曲病抗性的主基因+多基因混合遗传模型分析. 作物学报, 2008, 34: 1728-1733

Y S

, Zhu

, Zhang

Y D

, Zhao

, Wang

C L

. Genetic analysis of rice false smut resistance using major gene plus polygene mixed genetic model. Acta Agron Sin, 2008, 34: 1728-1733 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Rice false smut, a fungus disease caused by Ustilaginoidea virens (Cooke) Takahashi, has become one of the most important rice diseases in China. It is of practical guiding significance to probe resistant mechanism for programming rice breeding for resistance to false smut. The present study was aimed to estimate the genetic model and genetic parameters of rice false smut resistance using the artificial inoculation technique to induce the rice false smut efficiently, and the disease rate index scored based on percentage of the infected grains. The experiment was conducted using 157 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) population of F10 derived from a cross of IR28 ( indica ) ´ Daguandao ( japonica ), two parents exhibited resistant and susceptible to rice false smut respectively. The results showed that the rice false smut resistance was controlled by two major genes plus polygene mixed ge-netic model (model E-1-3), and two major genes had equivalent additive effect of 11.41, their heritability was about 76.67%, while the heritability of polygene was about 22.86%. The resistance to rice false smut had significant major gene effect, and the results implied that not only major gene’s effect but also polygene’s effect should be considered in breeding for resistance to rice false smut.

Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science / Jiangsu High Quality Rice Research and Development Center, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China

稻曲病是由稻曲病菌引起的水稻真菌病害, 目前已上升为我国水稻主要病害之一, 探明水稻稻曲病的抗性遗传机制对制定抗病育种策略具有现实指导意义。本研究以病情指数为指标, 利用高效引发稻曲病人工接种方法对来自抗病亲本IR28(籼稻)与感病亲本大关稻(粳稻)组合的亲本及其衍生的F 10 代重组自交系群体(RIL)进行抗病性评价, 采用数量性状的主基因+多基因混合遗传模型对抗性的遗传模型进行判别与遗传参数的估计。结果表明, 水稻稻曲病抗性的遗传除受主基因控制外还受多基因的影响, 符合E-1-3遗传模型, 即2对主基因+多基因混合遗传模型, 2对主基因间表现为等加性作用, 加性效应为11.41; 主基因遗传率为76.67%, 多基因遗传率为22.86%, 抗性遗传存在明显的主基因效应。提示抗稻曲病育种时不仅要考虑主基因对抗病性的作用, 也不能忽视基因对抗性的影响。

2012

0.0

1.321

陈学军, 方荣, 周坤华, 缪南生. 黄长林. 辣椒果实性状主基因+多基因遗传分析. 西北植物学报, 2012, 2: 246-251

Chen

X J

, Fang

, Zhou

K H

, Liao

N S

, Huang

C L

. Major gene plus polygene inheritance analysis of fruit traits in pepper. Acta Bot Boreali-Occident Sin, 2012, 2: 246-251 (in Chinese with English abstract)

In order to afford a theoretical basis for the further study of QTL mapping of fruit traits and molecular marker assisted breeding program in pepper,we used the mixed major gene plus polygene inheritance model to analyze the inheritance of 6 fruit traits in pepper with four generations of C.annuum B 9431 (P 1 ) and C.frutescens H 108 (P 2 ) and their F 1 ,F 2 .All examined traits showed the models of two major genes plus polygenes,among which fruit mass,fruit length,fruit diameter,fruit shape index and flesh thickness were apt to E-0 model,namely two additive-domiance-epistatic major genes plus additive-dominance-epistatic polygene model.Fruit peduncle was fitting E-5 model which was two complete dominant major genes plus additive-dominance polygene model.The heritability of major gene for the six fruit traits of fruit mass,fruit length,fruit diameter,fruit shape index,flesh thickness and fruit peduncle were 87.64%,37.67%,82.46%,94.82%,83.33% and 40.00%,and the heritability of polygene for the six fruit traits were 7.50%,54.56%,10.53%,0.27%,12.96% and 37.78%,respectively.

以果实性状差异较大的一年生辣椒材料 C.annuum B 9431 （P 1 ）和灌木辣椒材料 C.frutescens H 108 （P 2 ）为亲本，构建4世代群体（P 1 、P 2 、F 1 、F 2 ），应用数量性状主基因+多基因混合遗传模型方法对辣椒6个果实性状进行遗传分析，为辣椒果实性状QTL定位及分子标记辅助育种研究奠定理论基础。结果表明：6个果实性状均符合2对主基因+多基因遗传模型。其中，单果重量、果实纵径、果实横径、果形指数和果肉厚度5个性状均符合E-0模型，即2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因混合遗传模型；果柄长度最佳遗传模型为E-5，即2对完全显性主基因+加性-显性多基因模型。单果重量、果实纵径、果实横径、果形指数、果肉厚度和果柄长度主基因遗传率分别为87.64%、37.67%、82.46%、94.82%、83.33%和40.00%，多基因遗传率分别为7.50%、54.56%、10.53%、0.27%、12.96%和37.78%。

2011

0.0

陈凤真. 西葫芦产量性状主基因-多基因混合遗传分析. 华北农业学报, 2011, 26(3): 79-85

Chen

F Z

. Analysis of yield traits using mixed major gene and polygene inheritance model in summer squash. Acta Agric Boreali- Sin, 2011, 26(3): 79-85 (in Chinese with English abstract)

选用蔓生和矮生的西葫芦自交系配制q-1×23-4G(组合1)和q-1×A-7(组合2)2个组合,构建P1、F1、P2、BC1、BC2和F26个家系世代群体,应用植物数量性状主基因-多基因混合遗传模型对该6个世代群体单株结果数和单果质量进行多世代联合分析.结果表明:2个组合的西葫芦的单株结果数遗传符合一对加性主基因+加性-显性多基因(D-2)模型,单果质量遗传为加性-显性-上位性两对主基因(B-1)遗传模型;组合1的单株结果数以基因的加性效应为主,而组合2除了加性效应之外,还有显性效应的影响;而西葫芦2个组合单果质量起主要作用的是显性效应与显性×显性互作效应.单株结果数的F2的基因遗传率较高,环境影响相对较小,表明对西葫芦单株结果数育种宜早代选择.2个组合单果质量的F2主基因遗传率较低,环境影响较大,表明对西葫芦单果质量的育种宜分离晚代进行.

2009

0.0

2012

0.0

1.321

2012

0.0

2006

5.242

0.0

... 参照Bartoli等^[17]的方法, 并进行改进, 将植物叶片放在研钵中, 加入0 ...

2010

0.0

0.916

郝慧楠, 王倩, 侯喜林, 张琳, 荣子龙, 徐卿. 不结球白菜主要农艺性状的分离分析. 南京农业大学学报, 2010, 33(4): 8-12

Hao

H N

, Wang

, Hou

X L

, Zhang

, Rong

Z L

, Xu

. Segregation analysis of the main agronomic characters of non-heading Chinese cabbage. J Nanjing Agric Univ, 2010, 33(4): 8-12 (in Chinese with English abstract)

利用NJ089×NJ074构建不结球白菜双单倍体群体,应用主基因+多基因联合分离分析方法,研究了不结球白菜株高、开展度、最大叶长、最大叶宽、叶色、抽薹指数和冷害指数7个主要农艺性状的遗传效应.结果表明:7个性状均符合主基因+多基因遗传模型.其中,抽薹指数为3对主基因,其余均为两主基因+多基因遗传模型,主基因遗传率由大到小依次为叶色、开展度、叶宽、叶长、冷害指数和株高.

... 3 讨论维生素C含量是不结球白菜的重要品质与农艺性状, 其遗传效应属于数量遗传, 受多基因控制, 遗传机制非常复杂^[2,18] ...

1997

0.0

... 张增翠等^[2]采用王建康等^[19]的数量性状遗传模型, 发现不结球白菜还原型维生素C符合1对主基因+多基因的混合遗传模型 ...

... 该方法在王健康等^[19]遗传模型的基础上, 将混合基因遗传模式扩展到5类24种 ...

2012

0.0

0.951

... 许伟利等^[20]对华南型黄瓜维生素C含量的遗传分析中发现, 温室栽培条件下, 环境方差占表型方差的比例为25 ...

2012

3.347

0.0

Massot

, Stevens

, Génard

, Longuenesse

J J

, Gautier

. Light affects ascorbate content and ascorbate-related gene expression in tomato leaves more than in fruits. Planta, 2012, 235: 153-163

Abstract Little is known about the light regulation of vitamin C synthesis in fruits. In contrast, previous studies in leaves revealed that VTC2 (coding for GDP- l -galactose phosphorylase) was one of the key genes up-regulated by light in leaves. Our objective was to determine how the expression of ascorbate (AsA) synthesis genes in tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum ) was modified according to light irradiance in both leaves and fruits. Seven days of shading strongly decreased total ascorbate (reduced and oxidized form) content in leaves (50%) and to a lesser extent in fruits (10%). Among the last six steps of AsA biosynthesis, only two genes, VTC2 and GPP1 (one of the two unigenes coding for l -galactose-1-P phosphatase in tomato), were down-regulated by long-term shading in red ripe fruits, compared to seven genes regulated in leaves. This underlines that light affects AsA-related gene expression more in leaves than in ripening fruits. Moreover, this study reveals strong daily changes in transcript levels of enzymes of the AsA biosynthetic pathway in leaves (11 of the 12 studied genes showed significant changes in their expression pattern). Among those genes, we found that diurnal variation in transcript levels of VTC2 and GME1 correlated to leaf AsA content measured 8 h later. This study provides a new hypothesis on the role of GME1 in addition to VTC2 in light-regulated AsA biosynthesis.

1. INRA UR 1115 Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles, Domaine St Paul, Site Agroparc, 84914, Avignon, France 2. INRA UR 1052 Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes, Domaine St Maurice, 84143, Montfavet, France

... 而Massot等^[21]研究发现光照等环境因素对维生素C基因表达的影响以番茄叶片中大于果实中, 因此本研究中不结球白菜叶片中维生素C含量很可能受环境影响较大 ...

2009

5.242

0.0

... 另外Ioannidi等^[22]发现温度会通过诱导番茄中维生素C相关基因的表达, 而影响维生素C的含量 ...

2002

0.0

1.889

陆国权, 黄华宏, 何腾弟. 甘薯维生素C和胡萝卜素含量的基因型、环境及基因型与环境互作效应的分析. 中国农业科学, 2002, 35: 482-486

G Q

, Huang

H H

, He

T D

. Genotype and environmental effects on vitamin C and carotene contents in sweetpotato. Sci Agric Sin, 2002, 35: 482-486 (in Chinese with English abstract)

浙江大学农业与生物技术学院

为探明甘薯维生素C和胡萝卜素含量的基因型与环境效应 ,精选 11个有代表性的甘薯品种 (系 ) ,分别在 5个产地进行多品种多试点有重复的品质稳定性研究。结果表明 ,在随机效应中 ,甘薯维生素C的试点效应最为明显 ,而胡萝卜素则以基因型与试点互作效应最为明显。这表明需针对甘薯不同品质特点筛选和确定不同品种所适宜种植的地区 ,或不同地区所适宜种植的品种 ,以实现优质品种优质生产目的。

... 在不结球白菜维生素C含量的遗传中, 环境方差占表型方差的比例较高, 说明在维生素C含量的遗传中基因型与环境之间存在较强的互作效应^[23] ...

2007

0.0

1.667

张洁夫, 戚存扣, 浦惠明, 陈松, 陈锋, 高建芹, 陈新军, 顾慧, 傅寿仲. 甘蓝型油菜含油量的遗传与 QTL 定位. 作物学报, 2007, 33: 1495-1501

Zhang

J F

, Qi

C K

, Pu

H M

, Chen

, Gao

J Q

, Chen

X J

, Gu

, Fu

S Z

. Inheritance and QTL identification of oil content in rapeseed (Brassica napus L. ). Acta Agron Sin, 2007, 33: 1495-1501 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Oilseed rape is one of the most important oil crops in China, and its oil content is a very important quantitative trait, which is easily affected by environment. Oil content in seeds of oilseed rape is mainly controlled by genes and affected by the interaction of genotype and environment. In the present research, a low oil content line APL01 ( Brassica napus L.) was crossed with a high oil content line M083 ( B. napus L.) to develop six basic populations (P 1 , P 2 , F 1 , B 1 , B 2 and F 2 ) for analysis of the genetic model. Results showed that seed oil content in this cross was controlled by an additive-dominance major gene plus additive-dominance-epistasis polygene. The heritabilities of major gene were 38.37%–47.16%, while those of the polygene were 24.29%-38.28%. A genetic linkage map of Brassica napus L. was constructed by BC 1 F 1 and 251 molecular markers, which contained 19 linkage groups. Five QTLs, qOC1 , qOC8 , qOC10 , qOC13-1 and qOC13-2 , related to seed oil content were identified from this cross by WinQtlCart 2.0. qOC1 was located in the region of m19e21c–A0214Ra142 on linkage group N1, which could explain 5.21% of the oil content variation in the population. qOC8 was located in the region of A0216Gb206-m5e42 on N8, and accounted for 6.34% of phenotypic variation. qOC10 was located between m15e48 and A0228Bb437 on linkage group N10 and explained 9.45% of phenotypic variation. qOC13-1 was located in the region of A0224Rb157–A0301Gb399 on linkage group N13, and accounted for 18.12% of phenotypic variation. qOC13-2 was located in the region of A0226Ba377–A0226Ba367 on linkage group N13, and accounted for 10.17% of phenotypic variation. Among these five QTLs, the positive effects of qOC10 and qOC13-2 loci for oil content were from APL01, while those of qOC1 , qOC8 and qOC13-1 loci from M083. The qOC13-1 with larger phenotypic effect could be regarded as major gene locus, and other four QTLs with relative smaller effects could be regarded as polygene loci.

1 National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Innovation, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu; 2 Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China

利用主基因+多基因遗传模型对甘蓝型油菜品系APL01（低含油量亲本）与M083（高含油量亲本）杂交所获得的6个基本世代（P 1 , P 2 , F 1 , B 1 , B 2 , F 2 ）的含油量进行遗传分析，并以（APL01/M083）BC 1 F 1 为作图群体，利用251个分子标记，构建了由19个连锁群组成的分子标记遗传图谱，经WinQTLCart 2.0对种子含油量进行QTL扫描。结果表明，该杂交组合种子含油量由1对加性-显性主基因＋加性-显性-上位性多基因控制，主基因遗传率为38.37%~47.16%，多基因遗传率为24.29%~38.28%。共获得 qOC1 、 qOC8 、 qOC10 、 qOC13-1 和 qOC13-2 等5个与含油量相关的QTL，其中 qOC1 位于N1连锁群的m19e21c~A0214Ra142区间，可解释含油量表型变异的5.21%； qOC8 位于N8连锁群的A0216Gb206~m5e42区间，可解释含油量表型变异的6.34%； qOC10 位于N10连锁群的m15e48~A0228Bb437区间，可解释含油量表型变异的9.45%； qOC13-1 位于N13连锁群的A0224Rb157~A0301Gb399区间，可解释含油量表型变异的18.12%； qOC13-2 位于N13连锁群的A0226Ba377~A0226Ba367区间，可解释含油量表型变异的10.17%。5个QTL中 qOC10 和 qOC13-2 位点APL01对含油量的贡献为正值， qOC1 、 qOC8 和 qOC13-1 位点M083的贡献为正值。 qOC13-1 效应值较大，属主效基因位点，其余4个QTL效应相对较小，可作为多基因位点。

... 此外, 将主基因+多基因的遗传分析结果与QTL定位数据相结合, 可以进一步验证数量遗传中主效基因的数量和作用, 从而提高遗传分析结果的准确度和可靠性^[24] ...

2006

0.0

1.667

张培通, 朱协飞, 郭旺珍, 俞敬忠, 张天真. 高产棉花品种泗棉 3号产量及其产量构成因素的遗传分析. 作物学报, 2006, 32: 1011-1017

Zhang

P T

, Zhu

X F

, Guo

W Z

, Yu

J Z

, Zhang

T Z

. Genetic analysis of yield and its components for high yield cultivar Simian 3 in G. hirsutum L. Acta Agron Sin, 2006, 32: 1011-1017 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Simian 3, with high yield and high lint percentage, have been one of the most excellent cotton cultivars in China and most extensively grown in Yangtze River cotton-growing valley. The genetics mechanism of high yield in Simian 3 is the key of great significance to high yield breeding. Both RIL population and B 1 , B 2 and F 2 generations derived from the cross Simian 3×Carmen, together with two parents and F 1 generation, were grown in 3 environments at Nanjing city and Guanyun county, Jiangsu Province, to make a genetics analysis of high yield and its components for G. hirsutum cv. Simian 3. Jointly segregating analysis were used to analyze the genetics of lint yield and its components in the combination of Simian 3×Carmen by using the method of major gene plus polygene mixed inheritance model. The optimum models of all traits were major gene plus polygene mixed inheritance models. The result indicated that there might be all major genes for yield and its components, and their expression could be greatly influenced by various environments. The genetics parameters of major genes were varied more greatly than those of the polygene, which indicated that the effect of environmental condition on the performance of the major gene was larger than that of the polygene. More environments should be used in genetic studies or breeding to improve the selection efficiency for the yield, which can be influenced sharp by environmental condition.

National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China

利用泗棉3号和CARMEN构建的RIL及其F 2 、B 1 、B 2 、P 1 、P 2 、F 1 两套群体，同时在3个环境中，采用各自的联合世代分析方法，研究了我国长江流域棉区广泛种植的优良品种泗棉3号高产性状的遗传规律。遗传模型分析揭示泗棉3号×Carmen组合的产量及其产量构成因素的最适遗传模型符合主基因+多基因混合遗传模型，说明存在控制这些性状的主基因。所有性状在不同环境中的遗传模型不同。同时，各性状在不同环境中的主基因遗传率变化较大，而多基因遗传率在不同环境中变化相对较小，表明环境对数量性状主基因的表达影响大，对多基因的表达也存在影响。对环境间差异较大性状的研究和选育，要在多个特定的环境中进行，才能提高效率。

... 由于环境因素能够影响数量性状基因的表达, 导致不同环境下遗传分析结果的差异^[25], 因此需要利用现有6个世代材料构建稳定的不结球白菜重组自交系群体, 通过设计多个环境和多个重复条件, 提高不结球白菜维生素C含量遗传分析结果的精度, 为今后的QTL定位和分子标记开发奠定基础 ...