小麦品种汶农14抗白粉病基因的染色体定位

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宋伟, 孙会改, 孙艳玲, 赵紫慧, 王晓鸣, 武小菲, 李洪杰. 小麦品种汶农14抗白粉病基因的染色体定位. 作物学报, 2014, 40(5): 798-804[SONG Wei, SUN Hui-Gai, SUN Yan-Ling, ZHAO Zi-Hui, WANG Xiao-Ming, WU Xiao-Fei, LI Hong-Jie. Chromosomal Localization of the Gene for Resistance to Powdery Mildew in the Wheat Cultivar Wennong 14. 作物学报, 2014, 40(5): 798-804] 复制到剪切板

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小麦品种汶农14抗白粉病基因的染色体定位

宋伟^1,^2,^**, 孙会改^1,^2,^**, 孙艳玲², 赵紫慧^1,², 王晓鸣², 武小菲², 李洪杰^2,^*

¹ 河北科技师范学院生命科技学院, 河北秦皇岛066604

² 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 / 农作物基因资源与基因改良国家重大科学工程, 北京100081

^*通讯作者(Corresponding author): 李洪杰, E-mail:lihongjie@caas.cn

第一作者联系方式: E-mail:celestial99@163.com

**同等贡献(Contributed equally to this work)

收稿日期:2014-03-04

基金:本研究由国家现代农业产业体系建设专项(CARS-3-1), 国家转基因生物新品种培育重大专项(2014ZX0800906B-003), 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所基本科研业务费专项(2014JB02-001)和中国农业科学院创新团队项目资助;

摘要

汶农14是近年山东省和国家审定的一个半冬性小麦品种。采用来自不同地区的52个小麦白粉菌菌株对汶农14进行抗性鉴定, 并利用分子标记定位了其抗白粉病基因。汶农14对43个菌株(82.7%)表现抗病反应型, 对9个菌株表现感病反应型。这些菌株对汶农14的毒力谱与已知抗白粉病基因Pm2相似, 但汶农14对11个菌株的反应型与携带Pm2的Ulka/8*Cc不同。此外, 利用26个菌株的鉴定结果表明, 汶农14与携带Pm46的Tabasco相比, 对3个菌株的反应型不同。汶农14在成株期对白粉菌混合菌株表现高抗反应型。利用汶农14×邯4564的F₂和F_2:3群体进行遗传分析, 发现汶农14对E09菌株的抗性受1对显性基因控制, 暂命名为PmW14。分子标记分析显示,PmW14与Xcfd8、Xcfd81和SCAR203连锁, 遗传距离分别为7.5、1.8和7.7 cM。由于这些分子标记被定位于小麦5DS染色体的5DS-1-0-0.63区间, 且与Pm2基因紧密连锁, 因此推测,PmW14可能与Pm2位于相同的基因座。

关键词: 小麦; 白粉菌; 抗病基因; Pm2; 分子标记

Chromosomal Localization of the Gene for Resistance to Powdery Mildew in the Wheat Cultivar Wennong 14

SONG Wei^1,^2,^**, SUN Hui-Gai^1,^2,^**, SUN Yan-Ling², ZHAO Zi-Hui^1,², WANG Xiao-Ming², WU Xiao-Fei², LI Hong-Jie^2,^*

¹College of Life Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China

² National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement / Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China

Fund:

Abstract

Wennong 14 is a facultative wheat cultivar commercialized in Shandong province and the neighbouring provinces in the northern part of Yellow and Huai River Valleys Facultative Wheat Zone in China. In this study, an array ofBlumeria graminis f. sp.tritici (Bgt) isolates was used to test the resistance of Wennong 14 to powdery mildew at both seedling and adult stages. Among the 52Bgt isolates tested at the seedling stage, Wennong 14 was resistant to 43 and susceptible to 9 isolates. The virulence pattern of theseBgt isolates on Wennong 14 was similar to that of the known powdery mildew resistance genePm2, but the reactions of Wennong 14 to 11Bgt isolates differed from those of Ulka/8*Cc carryingPm2. Additionally, Wennong 14 was different from Tabasco carryingPm46 in the reaction to three of 26 isolates examined. Wennong 14 was highly resistant to a mixture ofBgt isolates at the adult stage. Using the segregation populations of F₂ and F_2:3 developed from the cross of Wennong 14 × Han 4564, genetic analysis demonstrated that the resistance againstBgt isolate E09 in Wennong 14 was controlled by a single dominant gene, designatedPmW14. Based on the results of molecular analysis,PmW14 was linked to markersXcfd8,Xcfd81, andSCAR203, with genetic distances of 7.5, 1.8, and 7.7 cM, respectively. These markers were previously localized on wheat chromosome 5DS in the region of 5DS-1-0-0.63 and linked to genePm2, therefore,PmW14 was most likely located on this locus and to be either the same as or an allele ofPm2.

Keyword: Wheat; Blumeria graminis f. sp.tritici; Resistance gene; Pm2; Molecular marker

Show Figures

小麦白粉病(病原菌为 Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici)在世界上很多小麦产区普遍发生^{[ 1]}。白粉病在我国冬麦区和春麦区均有危害, 尤其在冬麦区造成的产量损失更大, 是我国小麦( Triticum aestivum L.)生产上的一种重要流行性病害, 2013年全国发病面积估计为680万公顷(http://cb.natesc.gov.cn/sites/cb/)。小麦白粉病在我国蔓延的主要原因包括: (1)矮秆、高产、感病品种的广泛种植, 增大了田间植株群体的密度; (2)灌溉条件和生产条件的改善, 增大了田间的湿度; (3)白粉菌毒力结构的变异, 导致抗病基因失效, 而感病品种的大面积种植为白粉菌的增殖提供了寄主条件。白粉病对小麦生产造成经济损失不仅在于产量的降低, 而且还会导致加工品质和烘烤品质的下降^{[ 2, 3]}。

利用抗病品种控制小麦白粉病一方面可以降低生产成本, 另一方面还可避免化学药剂施用带来的环境问题。白粉病在我国的流行始于20世纪70年代, 早期抗白粉病育种主要依赖于小麦-黑麦( Seacle cereale L.)易位系T1BL·1RS所携带的 Pm8基因, 特别是在20世纪80—90年代选育的品种很多都含有 Pm8基因^{[ 4, 5, 6]}。 Pm8基因的广泛利用导致对该基因的毒力菌株频率迅速上升, 使其抗性在全国各地迅速丧失。

与 Pm8不同的是, 有些抗白粉病基因即使应用多年, 对其具有毒性的菌株频率仍然保持较低水平, 例如 Pm2、 Pm4和 Pm6等基因^{[ 7, 8, 9]}。 Pm2基因最早发现于前苏联的地方品种Ulka, 位于小麦5D染色体短臂(5DS)^{[ 10, 11]}。 Pm2基因在我国的小麦品种中也有较多应用^{[ 8, 11, 12, 13, 14]}。虽然在一些地区已经发现对 Pm2基因毒性频率较高的白粉菌菌株^{[ 15, 16, 17, 18]}, 但在很多冬麦和春麦区, 对 Pm2具有毒性的菌株频率仍然较低^{[ 7, 9, 19, 20]}。因此, Pm2基因在我国仍具有利用价值。

汶农14是最近通过山东省和国家品种审定委员会审定的一个小麦品种^{[ 21, 22]}。汶农14不但成株期高抗白粉病, 而且还具有很强的苗期抗性。遗传分析表明, 汶农14苗期对白粉病的抗性受1对显性基因控制, 利用与 Pm2紧密连锁的分子标记 Xcfd81检测, 汶农14与鉴别寄主Ulka/8*Cc ( Pm2)的扩增片段大小相同。因此, 汶农14的白粉病抗性可能与 P m2有关^{[ 23]}。本研究的目的是利用分子标记分析方法, 定位汶农14的白粉病抗性基因, 以便更有效地用于抗病新品种的培育。

1 材料与方法

1.1 植物材料

汶农14由山东省泰安市汶农种业有限责任公司育成, 系谱为84139//9215/876161, 2010年通过山东省品种审定委员会审定(编号鲁农审2010068)^{[ 21]}, 2011年通过国家品种审定委员会审定(编号国审麦2011015)^{[ 22]}。抗性鉴定和抗谱比较, 以中作9504为感病对照; Ulka/8*Cc和Tabasco分别作为 Pm2和 Pm46的载体品种^{[ 17, 24]}。

1.2 白粉病抗性鉴定

52个白粉病菌株主要采自黄淮冬麦区山东、河北、河南省, 以及邻近的湖北和江苏省(表1和表2)。采用苗期活体鉴定法或离体叶段鉴定法^{[ 25, 26]}检测每个基因型的单株反应型, 两种方法各鉴定26个菌株。活体鉴定法是将种子播种于50孔(5 cm×5 cm)育种盘中, 待植株第一片叶完全展开时, 采用抖拂法将E09菌株新生孢子抖散在待测植株上, 保湿 24 h, 然后将育种盘移至18~22℃温室中生长; 接种后 15 d, 待感病对照充分发病时, 记录第一片叶的反应型。离体叶段鉴定法, 截取3 cm左右小麦叶段, 置于铺有滤纸的塑料方盒中, 用50 mg L^-1苯骈咪唑(benzimidazole)保持滤纸湿润, 将新生的白粉菌分生孢子抖落在小麦叶段上; 接种后在18~22℃下培养7~10 d, 观察叶段的反应型。反应型调查采用0~4级标准^{[ 27]}, 其中0~2级为抗病反应型(R), 3~4级为感病反应型(S)。

在中国农业科学院作物科学研究所昌平试验站, 按李洪杰等^{[ 6]}报道的方法鉴定成株期抗性, 灌浆期采用0~9级标准调查病害的严重度^{[ 28]}。菌株的毒力型为 V1、 V3a、 V3b、 V3c、 V3d、 V3e、 V3f、 V4a、 V4b、 V5、 V6、 V7、 V8、 V17、 V19、 V25和 V35(周益林, 私人通讯)。

1.3 抗病基因遗传分析

以汶农14为母本, 感白粉病品种邯4564为父本, 配制杂交组合用于抗病性遗传分析和抗病基因定位。杂种F₁代自交获得F₂分离群体, 进而通过自交获得相应的F_2:3家系。将汶农14×邯4564杂种F₁、F₂和F_2:3群体的种子分别播于50孔(5 cm × 5 cm)育种盘中, 幼苗一叶一心期用E09菌株接种, 接种的幼苗生长在18~22℃温室中, 15 d后按照0~4级标准^{[ 28]}记载每个植株的反应型。根据不同世代的分离比例, 分析汶农14对白粉菌E09抗性的遗传规律。采用χ²测验对F₂代和F_2:3家系抗感分离比例进行适合性分析。

1.4 分子标记分析

采用CTAB法提取小麦叶片基因组DNA。分别选取10个纯合抗病和感病F₂代单株的DNA等量混合, 构成抗池(Br)和感池(Bs), 用于集群分离分析(BSA), 筛选和鉴定可能与抗病基因连锁的分子标记。所用的引物序列信息取自GrainGene 2.0网站(http://wheat.pw.usda.gov/GG2/index.shtml)。另外, 5DS染色体上开发的与抗白粉病基因连锁分子标记也被用于分析汶农14的抗病基因^{[ 13, 29, 30, 31, 32]}。PCR反应在ABI 9700型GeneAmp扩增仪上进行。DNA扩增程序为, 94℃预变性4 min; 94℃变性30 s, 50~62℃退火40 s (根据引物设置), 72℃延伸1 min, 38个循环; 最后 72℃延伸10 min。PCR产物经19∶1、29∶1或39∶1的8%非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分离, AgNO₃染色后观察带型。

用Mapmaker/Exp Version 3.0分析SSR带型数据与白粉病抗性鉴定数据, 对汶农14的抗白粉病基因进行连锁性分析^{[ 33]}。用Kosambi功能计算遗传距离(LOD≥3.0), 最大连锁距离设为50.0 cM^{[ 34]}。

2 结果与分析

2.1 汶农14对白粉菌的抗性及其与 Pm2和 Pm46基因的抗性比较

苗期活体鉴定结果显示, 汶农14对26个菌株中23个表现0、0;或1反应型, 即抗病反应型, 仅对E11、Bg37和Bg38表现感病。鉴别寄主Ulka/8*Cc ( Pm2)对Bg37、Bg56、Bg57和E18表现感病, 汶农14和Ulka/8*Cc相比, 对E11、E18、Bg38、Bg56和Bg57这5个菌株反应型不同, 汶农14抗Bg56、Bg57和E18, 但对E11和Bg38表现感病; 而Ulka/8*Cc ( Pm2)则相反; 邯4564对所有菌株都表现感病(表1)。

表1 采用苗期活体鉴定比较汶农14与Ulka/8*Cc ( Pm2)对白粉菌菌株的反应型 Table 1 Comparison of reaction patterns to Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici isolates between Wennong 14 and Ulka/8*Cc ( Pm2) using in vivo seedling test

采用离体叶段法比较鉴定了4个材料对另26个菌株的反应。汶农14对20个菌株表现抗病反应型, 其中对Bg44-4、Bg77-2、Bg79-2、Bg79-3、Bg83-2和Bg84-3共6个菌株的反应型与Ulka/8*Cc ( Pm2)

不同, 对Bg79-2、Bg79-3和Bg83-2共3个菌株的反应型与Tabasco ( Pm46)存在差异; 除这些菌株外, 3个材料的反应型相同(表2)。对照品种中作9504对所有供试菌株都表现感病。

表2 采用离体叶段鉴定比较汶农14与Ulka/8*Cc ( Pm2)、Tabasco ( Pm46)和中作9504 (感病对照)对白粉菌菌株的反应型 Table 2 Comparison of reaction patterns to Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici isolates between Wennong 14 and control genotypes Ulka/8*Cc ( Pm2), Tabasco ( Pm46), and Zhongzuo 9504 (susceptible) using detached leaf-segment test

在灌浆期, 汶农14高抗接种的白粉菌混合菌株, 反应型为1级; 邯4564表现高感, 反应型为7级。这一结果证实汶农14对白粉病的成株期抗性。

2.2 汶农14对E09菌株的抗性遗传分析

用白粉菌菌株E09接种, 汶农14的反应型为0, 邯4564的反应型为3。10株汶农14×邯4564杂种F₁植株的反应型均与汶农14相似。在鉴定的290株F₂代植株中, 抗病和感病符合3∶1的分离比例, F_2:3家系中纯合抗病、分离和纯合感病单株的比例符合1∶2∶1的理论值(表3)。这表明汶农14对E09菌株的抗性受1对显性基因控制, 将该基因暂命名为 PmW14。

2.3 汶农14抗白粉病基因的分子标记及连锁分析

前期的研究表明, Pm2连锁SSR标记 Xcfd81在汶农14中可扩增出与Ulka/8*Cc相似大小的片段^{[ 23]}。该标记在亲本及汶农14×邯4564 F₂分离群体构建的抗、感池之间表现多态病。按照 Xcfd81带型将F₂群体分为纯合抗病、杂合和纯合感病植株, 其比例符合1∶2∶1, Xcfd8检测结果与 Xcfd81类似, 两者均为共显性标记。而 SCAR203的带型呈3∶1分离, 为显性标记。χ²检验带型分离的观察值符合理论值, 表明这些标记与汶农14的抗白粉病基因 PmW14连锁(表4)。用MapMarker 3.0进行两点测验分析, Xcfd8、 Xcfd81和 SCAR203与 PmW1 4的遗传距离分别为7.5、1.8和7.7 cM (表4), 其排列顺序为 Xcfd8- PmW14-Xcfd81-SCAR203。由于这些标记已经被定位于小麦缺失系5DS-1-0-0.63^{[ 29, 31]}, 因此, PmW14亦应位于该染色体区间。

表3 汶农14、邯4564、F₂和F_2:3代家系对白粉菌E09菌株的抗性遗传分析 Table 3 Inheritance analysis using Wennong 14, Han 4564, F₂, and F_2:3 lines for reactions to Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici isolate E09

表4 分子标记在汶农14×邯4564 F₂群体分离情况及其与 PmW14的遗传距离 Table 4 Segregation ratio of molecular markers linked to powdery resistance gene PmW14 in Wennong 14 × Han 4564 F₂ population

根据不同群体定位结果, Pm2基因的连锁标记还有 Xcfd26、 Xcfd7、 Xcfd102、 Xcfd189、 Xgwm190、 Xcfd159、 Xcfd78和 Xbarc44^{[ 29, 30, 31]}。在这些标记中, Xcfd189、 Xgwm190和 Xgwm159在汶农14与邯4564之间表现多态性, 但在抗、感池DNA之间没有多态性; 其他标记在亲本和抗、感池DNA之间均无多态性。为了获得更多 PmW14的连锁分子标记, 我们分析了188个小麦5DS染色体上的EST-SSR标记, 但在汶农14与邯4564以及抗、感池DNA之间均没有检测到多态性。在检测的5DS上99个SSR标记中, 9个在亲本间具多态性, 但在抗、感池DNA之间没有多态性, 因此未用于汶农14抗病基因作图(结果未列出)。

在小麦5DS染色体上定位的抗白粉病基因还有 PmD57-5D^{[ 32]}和 Pm46^{[ 13]}。与 PmD57-5D基因连锁的STS标记 Xbcd1871和 Xmag6176, 以及与 Pm46基因连锁的分子标记 Xgpw302、 Xcfd67、 Xwmc608、 Xmp510和 Xgwm205在汶农14与邯4564亲本之间没有多态性, 因而这些标记也未用于作图(结果未列出)。

3 讨论

汶农14是一个半冬性品种, 曾于2008年创造了11.4×10³ kg hm^-2的山东省小麦高产记录^{[ 22]}。汶农14分别通过了山东省和国家小麦品种审定, 可在山东、河北中南部、山西南部、河南北部等地区推广种植^{[ 21, 22]}。根据全国农业技术推广中心的资料(http://www. natesc.gov.cn/sites/cb/), 这些汶农14适宜推广的地区长期以来一直是白粉病的重发区。本研究结果显示, 无论在苗期还是在成株期, 汶农14对白粉病都表现很好的抗性, 这有助于通过寄主抗性减轻白粉病造成的经济损失, 同时降低化学药剂防治白粉病所产生的生产成本和防止施药所引起的环境问题。

鉴于汶农14具有良好的白粉病抗性, 并且农艺性状优良, 适应性广, 对汶农14的抗白粉基因进行分子定位, 发现其抗病基因连锁的分子标记, 不仅有利于抗病基因在小麦生产上的合理布局, 而且有助于通过分子标记辅助选择, 使其成为抗白粉病育种的一个有效亲本。根据汶农14×京双16的F₂分离群体遗传分析结果, 汶农14对E09、E20和Bg2菌株的抗性均受1对显性基因控制^{[ 23]}。本研究采用汶农14×邯4564分离群体也证明汶农14对E09菌株的抗性受1对显性基因控制。这表明汶农14对白粉病的抗性属质量性状, 因此, 建立与其抗病基因连锁的分子标记, 可促进该基因的利用。

通过分子标记分析, 汶农14的抗白粉病基因 PmW14被定位于小麦5DS染色体5DS-1-0-0.63区间, 介于 SCAR203和 Xcfd81标记之间。由于这2个标记与 Pm2紧密连锁, 因此 PmW14可能与 Pm2处于同一基因座上。我们检测了与 Pm2相关的11个分子标记与 PmW14的连锁关系^{[ 29, 30]}。除了 Xcfd81和 Xcfd8与 PmW14连锁之外, 其他分子标记在汶农14×邯4564作图群体中均没有多态性。位于5DS染色体上的其他抗白粉病基因 Pm57D-5D^{[ 32]}、 MlBrock^{[ 31]}和 Pm46^{[ 13]}的10个连锁标记中, 除 SCAR203外, 均不表现多态性。这些标记在不同作图群体上的多态性差异, 可能是群体的遗传背景不同所致。多菌株抗性鉴定结果表明, PmW14与 Pm2基因对鉴定的43个菌株的抗谱相似, 对9个菌株的反应型存在差异。因此, PmW14很可能与 Pm2基因相同, 亦或是 Pm2基因的一个等位基因。等位性测验可以进一步确定这两个基因是否是同一个基因。 PmW14与 Pm2基因对不同白粉菌菌株反应型的差异, 也可能是由于不同的遗传背景。除了汶农14之外, 我们还在良星66 ^{[ 35]}和中麦155 (未发表)检测到抗病基因 Pm2基因座的等位基因。

4 结论

汶农14苗期和成株期对白粉病都表现良好的抗性。采用52个不同白粉菌菌株鉴定, 汶农14的抗谱与抗白粉病基因 Pm2相似。汶农14对E09菌株的抗性受1对显性基因( PmW14)控制。 PmW14被定位在5DS染色体的5DS-1-0-0.63区间, 与SSR标记 Xcfd8、 Xcfd81和 SCAR203紧密连锁, 很可能是 Pm2基因或其等位基因。

致谢: 中国农业科学院植物保护研究所周益林研究员提供部分白粉菌菌株, 江苏省农业科学院蔡士宾研究员提供Tabasco ( Pm46)种子, 谨致谢忱。

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

作者已声明无竞争性利益关系。The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

参考文献

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2012

0.0

... tritici)在世界上很多小麦产区普遍发生^[1] ...

2001

2.455

0.0

... 白粉病对小麦生产造成经济损失不仅在于产量的降低, 而且还会导致加工品质和烘烤品质的下降^[2,3] ...

2003

0.716

0.0

... 白粉病对小麦生产造成经济损失不仅在于产量的降低, 而且还会导致加工品质和烘烤品质的下降^[2,3] ...

2003

0.0

... 90年代选育的品种很多都含有Pm8基因^[4,5,6] ...

2004

0.0

1.667

. 2004, 30:531-535

Utilization of 1BL/1RS translocation in wheat breeding in China

Institute of Crop Breeding and Cultivation, CAAS / China National Wheat Improvement Center, Beijing 100081

In total, 179 predominant cultivars in recent 30 years and new breeder’s lines from main ecological zones of China were examined by SDS-PAGE and SCAR for the presence of 1BL/1RS. On average, 38% of Chinese wheats released since 1980 contained 1BL/1RS, however, its frequency differed in different ec

采用SDS-PAGE和SCAR标记对我国小麦主产区近30年来主要推广品种和新近育成的部分品系共179份进行了1BL/1RS鉴定，结果表明：我国20世纪80年代后育成的小麦品种中约38%为1BL/1RS品种，其中北方冬麦区和黄淮冬麦区频率较高，分别为59%和42%；长江中下游冬麦区和西南冬麦区频率较低，均为20%；东北春麦区未发现1BL/1RS品种。大多

... 90年代选育的品种很多都含有Pm8基因^[4,5,6] ...

2011

0.0

1.667

. 2011, 37:943-954 DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2011.00943

Response to powdery mildew and detection of resistance genes in wheat cultivars from China

Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing 100081, China

Wheat powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis (DC.) f. sp. tritici E.O. Speer is one of the major epidemic diseases threatening production of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in China. It is necessary to establish information on resistance to the disease in wheat cultivars and germplasm lines for parental selection in breeding, deployment of resistant germplasm, and application of resistant cultivars for controlling the disease. In this study, reactions to eight isolates of B. graminis (DC.) f. sp. tritici E.O. Speer were tested in commercial wheat cultivars, wheat lines involved in the national yield trials, and core collections. The presence of genes Pm4a, Pm8, and Pm21 for resistance to powdery mildew was detected using the gene-specific markers. Among 148 commercial wheat cultivars released since the 1980s, 16.9% exhibited resistance to multiple isolates, most of which were released in the 2000s. Over 50% of the cultivars released in different decades were susceptible to all the isolates tested. The frequencies of resistant cultivars from different wheat producing regions seemed to be associated with the significance of powdery mildew epidemic in a given region. Out of 1160 entries in the core collection, the proportions of entries resistant to isolate E09 were 3.4% and 4.2% in the landrace and improved cultivars, respectively. The Southwestern Autumn-Sown Spring Wheat Zone and the Xinjiang Winter-Spring Wheat Zone had higher percentages of E09-resistant cultivars than other wheat zones. None of the cultivar from the Southern Autumn-Sown Spring Wheat Zone, Northern Winter Wheat Zone, and Northern Spring Wheat Zone was resistant. The results of multiple-isolate test demonstrated that 33.7% were resistant among the 263 mini-core collection entries, most of which were resistant to one or two isolates. This indicates that there is a need to select resistant entries as recurrent parents for efficient use of existing core collection and to construct applied core collection for resistance to powdery mildew. Using the markers specific for resistance genes, the results of molecular detection demonstrated that 43.2% of the commercial cultivars contained gene Pm8. This gene was detected in the wheat lines involved in the national wheat yield trails at a high frequency. Genes Pm4a and Pm21 were detected mainly in the wheat lines or cultivars that were developed in the Yangtze River region. Some cultivars highly resistant to powdery mildew may possess other resistance genes that warrant further determination.

利用来自不同生态区的8个白粉菌菌株对20世纪80年代以来国家审定(认定)品种、近期参加国家区域试验的品系和核心种质等小麦材料进行抗病性评价，同时利用与Pm4a、Pm8和Pm21基因连锁的分子标记检测了相关抗病基因的存在。在148个国家审定品种中有16.9%的品种能够抗多个菌株，其中大多是近10年选育的品种。不同年代审定的品种中感病品种的频率均超过50%。各个小麦生产区抗病品种的频率高低与该地区白粉病的严重性和育种的关注程度有一定关系。在1 160份小麦核心种质中抗E09菌株的地方品种和育成品种的比例只有3.4%和4.2%。西南冬麦区和新疆冬麦区入选的品种抗病频率较高，华南冬麦区、东北春麦区和北方春麦区没有发现抗E09菌株的品种。多菌株鉴定结果表明，263份微核心种质中33.7%的品种表现抗病性，其中大多数品种能够抗1~2个菌株，因此在核心种质的利用中应注意选用抗性强的品种作为轮回亲本，同时有必要构建抗白粉病的应用核心种质，以提高核心种质的利用效果。根据抗病基因分子标记检测结果，我国小麦品种有43.2%含有Pm8基因，该基因在区域试验参试品种中的频率也很高，特别是在黄淮麦区培育的品种中频率仍高达50%；Pm4a和Pm21基因主要出现在长江流域培育的品种中。有些抗性突出的品种可能含有其他抗病基因。

... 90年代选育的品种很多都含有Pm8基因^[4,5,6] ...

... 在中国农业科学院作物科学研究所昌平试验站, 按李洪杰等^[6]报道的方法鉴定成株期抗性, 灌浆期采用0~9级标准调查病害的严重度^[28] ...

2006

0.0

... 与Pm8不同的是, 有些抗白粉病基因即使应用多年, 对其具有毒性的菌株频率仍然保持较低水平, 例如Pm2、Pm4和Pm6等基因^[7,8,9] ...

... 虽然在一些地区已经发现对Pm2基因毒性频率较高的白粉菌菌株^{[15,16,17,18]}, 但在很多冬麦和春麦区, 对Pm2具有毒性的菌株频率仍然较低^[7,9,19,20] ...

2009

0.0

. 2009, 29:535-539

Evaluation of the known wheat powdery mildew resistance genes in Henan Province and marker tracing of Pm2 gene

为了明确已知抗白粉病基因在河南省小麦品种中的有效性,用采自河南省主要麦区的7个白粉病菌株(YuⅠ～YuⅦ)对39份含已知抗白粉病基因的小麦品种进行苗期接菌鉴定.结果表明:Pm1、Pm3a、Pm3b、Pm3c、Pm3d、Pm3e、Pm5a、Pm7、Pm8等基因对多数白粉病菌株抗性较差,Pm2、Pm4b、Pm6、Pm12、Pm17、Pm18、Pm19、Pm22、Pm24等基因对于少数菌株表现感病,Pm3f、Pm4a、Pm5(Mli)、Pm13、Pm16、Pm20、Pm21、Pm23等基因对全部菌株均表现抗病.聚合基因材料Maris Dove、Normandie和Arthur对7个白粉菌株均表现感病;而材料CI12632、Maris Huntsman 抗性表现良好.利用Pm2基因的SSR标记Xcfd81对这5个聚合材料进行检测,结果显示,标记Xcfd81在CI12632、Maris Huntsman中可以检测到与Pm2基因相同的特异带,而在Maris Dove、Normandie和Arthur中检测不到.

... 与Pm8不同的是, 有些抗白粉病基因即使应用多年, 对其具有毒性的菌株频率仍然保持较低水平, 例如Pm2、Pm4和Pm6等基因^[7,8,9] ...

... Pm2基因在我国的小麦品种中也有较多应用^{[8,11,12,13,14]} ...

2009

0.0

... 与Pm8不同的是, 有些抗白粉病基因即使应用多年, 对其具有毒性的菌株频率仍然保持较低水平, 例如Pm2、Pm4和Pm6等基因^[7,8,9] ...

... 虽然在一些地区已经发现对Pm2基因毒性频率较高的白粉菌菌株^{[15,16,17,18]}, 但在很多冬麦和春麦区, 对Pm2具有毒性的菌株频率仍然较低^[7,9,19,20] ...

0.0

... Pm2基因最早发现于前苏联的地方品种Ulka, 位于小麦5D染色体短臂(5DS) ^[10,11] ...

1970

1.643

0.0

Euphytica. 1970, 19(1):71-77

Cytogenetical studies in wheat iv. Chromosome location and linkage studies involving thePM2 locus for powdery mildew resistance

R. A. McIntosh (1) , E. P. Baker (1)

1.Department of Agricultural Botany, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

The genePm2 conditioning resistance to powdery mildew in the cultivar Ulka was located on chromosome 5D by monosomic analysis. It showed genetic segregation independent of geneLr3 conditioning resistance to leaf rust on the same chromosome. Results of telocentric mapping demonstrated thatLr1 was on the long arm of 5D whereasPm2 was very close to the centromere on this arm or, more likely, on the opposite arm. Evidence from chimaeric sectoring favoured the latter alternative.

... Pm2基因最早发现于前苏联的地方品种Ulka, 位于小麦5D染色体短臂(5DS) ^[10,11] ...

... Pm2基因在我国的小麦品种中也有较多应用^{[8,11,12,13,14]} ...

2002

0.0

1.088

. 2002, 32:301-305

Analyses of resistance genes of 40 wheat cultivars or lines to wheat powdery mildew

采用21个具不同无毒性/毒性基因的小麦白粉菌菌株对40个优良品种资源进行了苗期接种,通过对其抗谱的分析发现,其中3个材料含Pm2,4个材料含Pm4b,CP91-13-4-1-4可能含Pm8,红卷芒与小白冬麦的抗谱相同,含XBD,2个具有Pm13,7个材料含2个以上的抗病基因,有11个材料含有未知的抗病基因,另外还有11个材料对所有的参试菌株都表现感病.

... Pm2基因在我国的小麦品种中也有较多应用^{[8,11,12,13,14]} ...

2010

0.0

... Pm2基因在我国的小麦品种中也有较多应用^{[8,11,12,13,14]} ...

... 另外, 5DS染色体上开发的与抗白粉病基因连锁分子标记也被用于分析汶农14的抗病基因^{[13,29,30,31,32]} ...

... 在小麦5DS染色体上定位的抗白粉病基因还有PmD57-5D^[32]和Pm46^[13] ...

... 位于5DS染色体上的其他抗白粉病基因Pm57D-5D^[32]、MlBrock^[31]和Pm46^[13]的10个连锁标记中, 除SCAR203外, 均不表现多态性 ...

2010

0.0

... Pm2基因在我国的小麦品种中也有较多应用^{[8,11,12,13,14]} ...

2009

0.0

. 2009, 29:1105-1109

Study on the validity of resistant genes for wheat powdery mildew in Shanxi

为明确小麦白粉病抗性基因在山西省的有效性,在温室条件下,通过闭囊壳释放子囊孢子侵染麦苗发病,利用28个已知抗病基因品种(系)对分离自山西省不同生态区的166个小麦白粉病菌株进行了毒性基因频率测定.结果表明,毒性基因V4a、V4b、V13、V20、V21、VXBD、V2+6、V4+8、V2+Mli、V4b+Mli、V5+6、V1+2+9的出现频率为3.6%～29.7%,其对应抗性基因Pm4a、Pm4b、Pm13、Pm20、Pm21、PmXBD、Pm2+6、Pm4+8、Pm2+Mli、Pm4b+Mli、Pm5+6、Pm1+2+9为目前山西省小麦白粉病菌的有效抗病基因,可供转育利用;毒性基因V1、V2、V3a、V3d、V3f、V6、V17、V19、V2+Ta的出现频率为38.6%～79.4%,其对应抗性基因Pm1、Pm2、Pm3a、Pm3d、Pm3f、Pm6、Pm17、Pm19、Pm2+Ta的利用价值已下降;毒性基因V3b、V3c、V3e、V5、V7、V8的出现频率为92.5%～98.7%,其对应抗性基因Pm3b、Pm3c、Pm3e、Pm5、Pm7、Pm8单独使用无利用价值.对各抗性基因在山西省小麦三个生态区的有效性差异分析认为,各生态区应针对毒性基因的变化动态结合农艺性状选择选用合适的抗性基因进行转育.

Abstract：

In order to understand the validity of the resistant genes to wheat powdery mildew in Shanxi province, in greenhouse condition, cleistothecia released ascospores were used to infect wheat seedling. The frequencies of virulence genes for 166 isolates of Erysiphe graminis f . sp. tritici from different ecological areas of Shanxi province were tested. The results showed that virulence frequency of V4a、V4b、V13、V20、V21、VXBD、V2+6、V4+8、V2+Mli、V4b+Mli、V5+6、V1+2+9 were 3.6%～29.7%, Pm4a,Pm4b,Pm13,Pm20,Pm21,PmXBD,Pm2+6,Pm4+8,Pm2+Mli,Pm4b+Mli,Pm5+6, Pm1+2+9 were effective resistant genes to Erysiphe graminis f.sp. tritici and may be applicated as resistant parents; Virulence frequency of V1、V2、V3a、V3d、V3f、V6、V17、V19、V2+Ta were 38.6%～79.4%,The validity of Pm1、Pm2、Pm3a、Pm3d、Pm3f、Pm6、Pm17、Pm19、Pm2+Ta had decreased; Virulence frequency of V3b、V3c、V3e、V5、V7、V8 were 92.5%～98.7%, Pm3b、Pm3c、Pm3e、Pm5、Pm7、Pm8 had no applicable value in breeding if they were utilized as the only resistant sources. The difference of validity of wheat resistant genes in three wheat ecological areas of Shanxi province was anlyased. Suggestions were proposed for the application of resistant materials based on their validity and agronomic characters.

... 虽然在一些地区已经发现对Pm2基因毒性频率较高的白粉菌菌株^{[15,16,17,18]}, 但在很多冬麦和春麦区, 对Pm2具有毒性的菌株频率仍然较低^[7,9,19,20] ...

2009

0.0

. 2009, 29:706-711

Analysis on the virulent genes of Erysiphe graminis f. sp. tritici and the resistance genes of wheat commercial cultivars in Shaanxi Province

为了解陕西省小麦白粉病菌毒性结构以及主栽小麦品种的抗白粉病基因状况,分别从关中和陕南地区的23个市、县采集白粉病标样,利用32个已知抗病基因品种(系)进行苗期毒力频率测定.同时在6个不同生态区对已知抗病基因品种的成株期抗病性进行了监测.结果表明,V1、V2、V3a、V3b、V3c、V3d、V3f、V5、V6、V8、V17、V2+Ta、V4+8、V1+2+19、V"Era"苗期毒力频率均在60%以上,成株期Pm3d、Pm5、Pm"Era"、Pm7、Pm21、Pm4+8在2个生态区表现感病.由此推断,陕西省优势毒性基因谱为V3d、V5、V"Era"、V4+8.已知抗白粉病基因Pm13、Pm2+Mld、Pm4b+Mli、Pm"XBD"成株期在不同生态区均表现抗病,且苗期毒力频率很低,应在小麦抗病育种中加以有效利用.陕西省主栽小麦品种抗病基因初步分析结果表明,武农148、远丰175、远丰139可能分别含有Pm8、Pm21、Pm17等抗病基因,其他6个品种抗病基因尚不明确.

Abstract：

To evaluate the virulent genes of Erysiphe graminis f.sp.tritici and the resistance of wheat cultivars in Shaanxi province, 126 samples were collected from 23 cities (counties) in Guanzhong and Shannan region, then the virulent frequency were tested in seedling stage on 32 wheat cultivars with known resistant genes. Also, the resistance of these cultivars to powdery mildew were monitored at 6 sites in Shaanxi province. The results showed that V1, V2, V3a, V3b, V3c, V3d, V3f, V5, V6, V8, V17, V2+Ta, V4+8, V1+2+19 and V"Era" had high virulent frequencies (above 60%),the resistance genes (Pm3d, Pm5, Pm"Era", Pm7, Pm21 and Pm4+8)were susceptible to powdery mildew in 2 sites at adult stage,Therefore, these virulent genes(V3d, V5, V"Era" and V4+8)would be the prevalent races in Shaanxi province. Resistant genes of Pm13, Pm2+Mld, Pm4b+Mli and Pm"XBD" were resistant in all sites at adult stage, which should be used in wheat breeding. The results of the resistance genes of wheat commercial cultivars in Shaanxi province indicate that Wunong 148, Yuanfeng 175, and Yuanfeng 139 may carry Pm8, Pm21, and Pm17, respectively.

... 虽然在一些地区已经发现对Pm2基因毒性频率较高的白粉菌菌株^{[15,16,17,18]}, 但在很多冬麦和春麦区, 对Pm2具有毒性的菌株频率仍然较低^[7,9,19,20] ...

2012

3.658

0.0

Theor Appl Genet. 2012, 125(5):967-973

Genetic analysis and molecular mapping of a new powdery mildew resistant gene Pm46 in common wheat

Haidong Gao (1) (2) , Fangfang Zhu (1) (2) , Yanjie Jiang (1) , Jizhong Wu (1) , Wei Yan (1) , Qiaofeng Zhang (1) , Andreas Jacobi (3) , Shibin Cai (1)

1.Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China 2.Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China 3.Strube Research GmbH & Co. KG, Hauptstraße 1, 38387, Söllingen, Germany

Powdery mildew (PM), caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt), has become a serious disease and caused severe yield losses in the wheat production worldwide. Resistance gene(s) in wheat cultivars can be quickly overcome by newly evolved pathogen races when these genes are employed for long time or in a large area. It is urgent to search for new sources of resistance to be used in wheat breeding. Tabasco is a German resistant cultivar and a new source of resistance gene(s) to PM. An F₂ population was developed from a cross between Tabasco and a Chinese susceptible cultivar Ningnuo 1. Infection types in 472 F₂ plants and 436 F_2–3 families were evaluated by inoculating plants with isolate Bgt19. Results showed that a single dominant gene, designed Pm46, controlled powdery mildew resistance in Tabasco. This gene was located to the short arm of chromosome 5D (5DS) and flanked by simple sequence repeat markers Xgwm205 and Xcfd81 at 18.9 cM apart. Because another resistance gene Pm2 was also located on 5DS, 15 Bgt isolates were used to inoculate Tabasco and Ulka/8*Cc (Pm2 carrier). The results showed that Tabasco was highly resistant to all of the 15 isolates tested, while Ulka/8*Cc was susceptible to 4 of the isolates, suggesting that Tabasco may carry resistant gene(s) different from Pm2 gene in Ulka/8*Cc. To test the allelism between Pm46 and Pm2, an F₂ population between Tabasco and Ulka/8*Cc was developed. Isolate Bgt2, avirulent to both parents, was used to evaluate the F₂ population and two susceptible plants were identified from 536 progenies with F₂ plants. This result indicated that Pm46 is not allelic to Pm2. Therefore, Pm46 is a new gene for PM resistance identified in this study.

... 虽然在一些地区已经发现对Pm2基因毒性频率较高的白粉菌菌株^{[15,16,17,18]}, 但在很多冬麦和春麦区, 对Pm2具有毒性的菌株频率仍然较低^[7,9,19,20] ...

... Ulka/8*Cc和Tabasco分别作为Pm2和Pm46的载体品种^[17,24] ...

2013

0.0

1.667

. 2013, 39:1377-1385 DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2013.01377

Virulence and genetic diversity of Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici collected from Shandong and Hebei provinces

<div style="line-height: 150%">1 College of Life Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; 2 National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement / Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; 3 College of Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China; 4 College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400700, China?</div>

Powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt) is one of the most important diseases that damages wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production in China. Analysis of virulence structure and effectiveness of resistance genes is important in the control of powdery mildew with host resistance. This study was conducted to test virulence structures of 41 isolates collected from Shandong and Hebei provinces in 2011. The genetic diversity of these isolates was also analyzed using SSR markers. The virulence frequencies of isolates tested ranged from 0.35 (Bg40-2, Yantai, Shandong) to 0.74 (Bg46-1, Pingdu, Shandong). The mean virulence frequency for the isolates from Shandong was not significantly different from that of the isolates from Hebei Province. Except for a few resistance genes such as Pm17, the virulence frequencies of isolates from Shandong and Hebei provinces on most resistance genes were not different. None of the isolates tested was virulent on Pm24 carried by the Chinese landrace Chiyacao. A few isolates were virulent to Pm1c, Pm16, Pm20, PmH, and Mlxbd. Two isolates from Handan and Huanghuang of Hebei Province were virulent on Pm21, but none of the isolates from Shandong Province was virulent on Pm21. The virulence frequencies for Pm5e, Pm6, Pm12, Pm13, Pm17, Pm40, Pm2+6, and Pm5+6 ranged from 0.18 to 0.48. Genes Pm1a, Pm3a, Pm3c, Pm3g, Pm4a, Pm4b, Pm4c, Pm5a, Pm7, Pm8, Pm19, Pm33, Pm43, PmY39, PmPS5A, and PmDR147 had the virulence frequencies over 0.6. Analysis of genetic diversity indicated that the genetic variation of Bgt isolates occurred within the population, and gene flow occurred among isolates. Although some single spore progenies from the same location were clustered together, some were not classified into the same cluster, indicating the variation in their genetic bases. The polymorphism of virulence patterns for various resistance genes was not necessarily consistent with the DNA polymorphism as revealed by SSR markers.

由Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici引起的白粉病是危害我国小麦安全生产的重要病害之一。分析菌株毒性结构和抗病基因有效性对于利用寄主控制白粉病具有重要意义。本研究对2011年从山东和河北两省分离的41个菌株进行了毒性分析，并采用SSR标记对其遗传多样性进行了分析。测试菌株的毒性频率在0.35 (Bg40-2，山东烟台)至0.74 (Bg46-1，山东平度)之间。山东省菌株的平均毒性频率与河北省菌株没有显著差异。除别菌株外(例如Pm17)，山东省和河北省的菌株对大多数抗病基因的毒性差异不大。全部测试菌株对来自地方品种齿牙糙的Pm24基因都没有毒性。极少数菌株对Pm1c、Pm16、Pm20、PmH和Mlxbd的毒性频率低于0.1，在河北省邯郸市和黄骅市发现对Pm21基因具有毒性的菌株，但在山东省没有检测到对Pm21具有毒性的菌株。对Pm5e、Pm6、Pm12、Pm13、Pm17、Pm40、Pm2+6和Pm5+6的毒性频率在0.18~0.48之间，对Pm1a、Pm3a、Pm3c、Pm3g、Pm4a、Pm4b、Pm5a、Pm7、Pm8、Pm19、Pm33、Pm43、PmY39、PmPS5A和Pm1+2+9的毒性频率超过0.6。遗传多样性分析可见，小麦白粉菌群体的遗传变异主要发生在群体内部，菌株间具有一定程度的基因交流。同一地点采集的不同单孢分离菌株有些可聚为一类，但有些不能聚为一类，说明其遗传基础可能存在差异。供试菌株对不同抗病基因的毒性多态性与DNA多态性之间不存在一一对应的关系。

... 虽然在一些地区已经发现对Pm2基因毒性频率较高的白粉菌菌株^{[15,16,17,18]}, 但在很多冬麦和春麦区, 对Pm2具有毒性的菌株频率仍然较低^[7,9,19,20] ...

2005

0.0

... 虽然在一些地区已经发现对Pm2基因毒性频率较高的白粉菌菌株^{[15,16,17,18]}, 但在很多冬麦和春麦区, 对Pm2具有毒性的菌株频率仍然较低^[7,9,19,20] ...

2007

0.0

... 虽然在一些地区已经发现对Pm2基因毒性频率较高的白粉菌菌株^{[15,16,17,18]}, 但在很多冬麦和春麦区, 对Pm2具有毒性的菌株频率仍然较低^[7,9,19,20] ...

2011

0.0

... 汶农14是最近通过山东省和国家品种审定委员会审定的一个小麦品种^[21,22] ...

... 1 植物材料汶农14由山东省泰安市汶农种业有限责任公司育成, 系谱为84139//9215/876161, 2010年通过山东省品种审定委员会审定(编号鲁农审2010068) ^[21], 2011年通过国家品种审定委员会审定(编号国审麦2011015) ^[22] ...

... 汶农14分别通过了山东省和国家小麦品种审定, 可在山东、河北中南部、山西南部、河南北部等地区推广种植^[21,22] ...

2012

0.0

0.3657

... 汶农14是最近通过山东省和国家品种审定委员会审定的一个小麦品种^[21,22] ...

... 10³ kg hm^-2的山东省小麦高产记录^[22] ...

... 汶农14分别通过了山东省和国家小麦品种审定, 可在山东、河北中南部、山西南部、河南北部等地区推广种植^[21,22] ...

2012

0.0

1.667

. 2012, 38:1339-1345 DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2012.01339

Inheritance of resistance to powdery mildew in 12 wheat varieties (lines)

1 Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing 100081, China; 2 Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China; 3 Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Wheat powdery mildew, caused by the biotrophic parasitic fungus Blumeria graminis (DC.) f. sp. tritici E.O. Speer. is one of the most epidemic diseases in many wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) producing regions in China and other parts of the world. The information on inheritance of resistance to powdery mildew in commercial wheat cultivars is important for controlling the disease and developing new resistant cultivars. In the present study, 17 isolates of B. graminis were used to postulate and analyze powdery mildew resistance genes in 12 wheat cultivars at seedling stage. Molecular detection was performed to disclose the presence of Pm2 and Pm8 for powdery mildew resistance. All of the 12 wheat cultivars were resistant to at least 11 tested isolates. Isolates E09, E20, and Bg2 were used to test F₂ populations for analyzing inheritance of powdery mildew resistance in these wheat cultivars. The results demonstrated that single dominant gene(s) was responsible for powdery mildew resistance in these cultivars. The reactions to different isolates of B. graminis and analysis of amplification with Pm2-linked marker Xcfd81showed that Pm2 or its allele was most likely present in Liangxing 66. Using ω-secalin gene- and Glu-B1 gene-specific markers on chromosome arms 1RS and 1BS, respectively, the presence of T1BL·1RS translocation chromosome carrying Pm8 was detected in Shannong 20 and Zhengmai 9962. Since Pm8 was not effective against most isolates tested in this study, other unknown genes for powdery mildew resistance could be present in Shannong 20 and Zhengmai 9962 in addition to Pm8. The reaction patterns of Yanzhan 4110 and Tianmin 668 were identical. The remaining cultivars developed different patterns of reaction to the B. graminis isolates tested.

利用17个不同来源和毒力的白粉菌菌株对12个小麦品种(系)进行苗期抗性鉴定和抗病性遗传分析，同时利用Pm2和Pm8基因的特异分子标记检测了相应基因。供试的12个品种至少能够抗11个白粉菌菌株。用E09、E20和Bg2菌株接种F₂群体，抗感植株分离比例和适合性测验证明这12个品种对不同白粉菌菌株的抗性均受1对显性基因控制。抗谱分析和基因紧密连锁分子标记(Xcfd81)分析表明良星66很可能含有Pm2或其等位基因。ω-黑麦碱基因(1RS染色体)和Glu-B1基因(1BS染色体)特异分子标记分析结果证明，山农20和郑麦9962含有T1BL·1RS易位染色体，即可能携带Pm8基因。由于Pm8基因对大多数菌株表现感病，所以这2个品种除Pm8外，还具有其他抗病基因。偃展4110与天民668对参试菌株的反应型表现一致，其他材料对不同菌株的反应型表现不同。

... 因此, 汶农14的白粉病抗性可能与Pm2有关^[23] ...

... 3 汶农14抗白粉病基因的分子标记及连锁分析前期的研究表明, Pm2连锁SSR标记Xcfd81在汶农14中可扩增出与Ulka/8*Cc相似大小的片段^[23] ...

... 京双16的F₂分离群体遗传分析结果, 汶农14对E09、E20和Bg2菌株的抗性均受1对显性基因控制^[23] ...

1969

1.513

0.0

... Ulka/8*Cc和Tabasco分别作为Pm2和Pm46的载体品种^[17,24] ...

2013

0.0

... 采用苗期活体鉴定法或离体叶段鉴定法^[25,26]检测每个基因型的单株反应型, 两种方法各鉴定26个菌株 ...

2013

3.658

0.0

. 2013, 126:1397-1403 DOI:10.1007/s00122-013-2060-6

Identification of the gene Pm47 on chromosome 7BS conferring resistance to powdery mildew in the Chinese wheat landrace Hong-yanglazi

<li>1.The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China</li><li>2.Forestry College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China</li><li>3.Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050021, China</li>

Abstract

Powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt), is an important disease that causes substantial yield losses in wheat (Triticum aestivum) in China and other parts of the world. This foliar disease can be effectively managed by host resistance. The Chinese landrace Hongyanglazi from Shaanxi province is highly resistant to many Bgt isolates at the seedling stage. Genetic analysis using an F_2:3 population derived from a cross between Hongyanglazi and susceptible cultivar Zhongzuo 9504 indicated that Hongyanglazi carried a single recessive gene (tentatively designated PmHYLZ) conferring its resistance to Bgt isolate E09. PmHYLZ was flanked by EST marker BE606897 and microsatellite marker Xgwm46 on chromosome 7BS at genetic distances of 1.7 and 3.6 cM, respectively. This gene differed from Pm40, also located on 7BS, by origin, linked markers, and reactions to 13 Bgt isolates. Based on these findings, PmHYLZ was permanently designated as Pm47.

... 采用苗期活体鉴定法或离体叶段鉴定法^[25,26]检测每个基因型的单株反应型, 两种方法各鉴定26个菌株 ...

1987

0.0

1.889

. 1987, 20(5):64-70

Identification of isolates of Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici

中国农业科学院植物保护研究所

本文叙述了鉴别寄主的选择及小种鉴定的结果。按分离菌对各品种的毒性频率顺序，以一定的梯度间隔选取鉴别寄主9个。小种编码用八进制。一般是编码小者毒性较弱，大者毒性较强，编码顺序即当前病菌群体毒性结构的大致体系。1984、1985年鉴定了18省、市、自治区249个标样，分出32个小种，在以鉴别寄主毒性频率划分的9个级别内，小种频率近于正态分布，以1-5群内小种频率高、分布广、占总数的79.2%，是抗病育种应予注意的小种群。四川、北京两地白粉菌群体毒性结构相近，主要差异在菌量及各基因型小种的频率上。用3个鉴别寄主品种的相应毒性基因测试其在群体中的遗传结构，其基因频率及基因型频率分配呈连锁平衡。

... 反应型调查采用0~4级标准^[27], 其中0~2级为抗病反应型(R), 3~4级为感病反应型(S) ...

1975

0.0

... 在中国农业科学院作物科学研究所昌平试验站, 按李洪杰等^[6]报道的方法鉴定成株期抗性, 灌浆期采用0~9级标准调查病害的严重度^[28] ...

... 5 cm)育种盘中, 幼苗一叶一心期用E09菌株接种, 接种的幼苗生长在18~22℃温室中, 15 d后按照0~4级标准^[28]记载每个植株的反应型 ...

2006

0.549

0.0

... 另外, 5DS染色体上开发的与抗白粉病基因连锁分子标记也被用于分析汶农14的抗病基因^{[13,29,30,31,32]} ...

... 63 ^[29,31], 因此, PmW14亦应位于该染色体区间 ...

... 根据不同群体定位结果, Pm2基因的连锁标记还有Xcfd26、Xcfd7、Xcfd102、Xcfd189、Xgwm190、Xcfd159、Xcfd78和Xbarc44^[29,30,31] ...

... 我们检测了与Pm2相关的11个分子标记与PmW14的连锁关系^[29,30] ...

2011

0.0

... 另外, 5DS染色体上开发的与抗白粉病基因连锁分子标记也被用于分析汶农14的抗病基因^{[13,29,30,31,32]} ...

... 根据不同群体定位结果, Pm2基因的连锁标记还有Xcfd26、Xcfd7、Xcfd102、Xcfd189、Xgwm190、Xcfd159、Xcfd78和Xbarc44^[29,30,31] ...

... 我们检测了与Pm2相关的11个分子标记与PmW14的连锁关系^[29,30] ...

2009

0.0

1.667

. 2009, 35:1613-1619 DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2009.01613

Molecular identification of a powdery mildew resistance gene from common wheat cultivar Brock

<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 7.5pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">Department of Plant Genetics & Breeding, China Agricultural University / State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology / Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture / Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement / Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis Research & Utilization, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China

Powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt), is one of the most important diseases of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) worldwide. Common wheat cultivar Brock introduced from UK is highly resistant (IT: 0;) to powdery mildew prevalent isolate E09 at the seedling and adult plant stages in North China. Genetic analysis using an F₂ segregating population and F_2:3 lines, derived from a cross between susceptible common wheat lines Xuezao and resistant common wheat line 3B529 (Jing 411*7//Nongda 015/Brock, F₆), indicated that a single dominant gene, temporarily designated MlBrock, was responsible for the resistance of 3B529. By bulked segregant and molecular marker analyses, three polymorphic SSR markers (Xcfd81, Xcfd78, and Xgwm159) and two SCAR markers (SCAR203 and SCAR112) were found to belinked to MlBrock. Among these markers, Xcfd81 and SCAR203 were cosegregated with MlBrock, and SCAR112, Xcfd78, and Xgwm159 were linked to MlBrock with genetic distances of 0.5, 5.5, and 12.7 cM, respectively. According to the available physical bin mapping result of MlBrock cosegregated SSR marker Xcfd81 and SCAR203 in Chinese Spring, MlBrock was further located on chromosome bin 0–0.63 of 5DS. According to the infection-type of E09 Bgt isolate and mapping results, MlBrock might be powdery mildew resistance gene Pm2. The molecular markers developed in this study are useful for marker-assisted selection (MAS) and gene pyramiding of powdery mildew resistance genes in wheat breeding programs.

为明确利用Brock转育成的小麦抗白粉病品系3B529(京411*7//农大015/Brock, F₆)抗性的遗传基础，将高感白粉病小麦品系薛早和3B529杂交，获得F₁代、F₂分离群体和F_2:3家系。抗病性鉴定和遗传分析结果表明，3B529对E09小种的抗性受1对显性基因控制，暂被定名为MlBrock。利用BSA和分子标记分析，获得了与MlBrock连锁的3个SSR标记Xcfd81、Xcfd78、Xgwm159和2个SCAR标记SCAR203和SCAR112，根据SSR和SCAR标记在中国春缺体四体、双端体和缺失系的定位结果，将MlBrock定位在小麦染色体臂5DS Bin 0~0.63区间上。MlBrock与Xcfd81和SCAR203共分离，与SCAR112的遗传距离为0.5 cM。这些分子标记的建立有利于今后Brock抗白粉病基因分子标记辅助选择和基因聚合。综合抗白粉病基因MlBrock的染色体定位和抗谱分析结果，推测MlBrock很可能是Pm2基因。

... 另外, 5DS染色体上开发的与抗白粉病基因连锁分子标记也被用于分析汶农14的抗病基因^{[13,29,30,31,32]} ...

... 63 ^[29,31], 因此, PmW14亦应位于该染色体区间 ...

... 根据不同群体定位结果, Pm2基因的连锁标记还有Xcfd26、Xcfd7、Xcfd102、Xcfd189、Xgwm190、Xcfd159、Xcfd78和Xbarc44^[29,30,31] ...

... 位于5DS染色体上的其他抗白粉病基因Pm57D-5D^[32]、MlBrock^[31]和Pm46^[13]的10个连锁标记中, 除SCAR203外, 均不表现多态性 ...

2011

3.658

0.0

Theor Appl Genet. 2011, 123(7):1099-1106

Identification and mapping of a new powdery mildew resistance gene on chromosome 6D of common wheat

Hongqi Ma (1) , Zhongxin Kong (1) , Bisheng Fu (1) , Na Li (1) , Lixia Zhang (1) , Haiyan Jia (1) , Zhengqiang Ma (1)

1.Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics Centre and National Key Lab of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China

Powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, is one of the most serious wheat diseases. The rapid evolution of the pathogen’s virulence, due to the heavy use of resistance genes, necessitates the expansion of resistance gene diversity. The common wheat line D57 is highly resistant to powdery mildew. A genetic analysis using an F₂ population derived from the cross of D57 with the susceptible cultivar Yangmai 158 and the derived F_2:3 lines indicated that D57 carries two dominant powdery mildew resistance genes. Based on mapping information of polymorphic markers identified by bulk segregant analysis, these two genes were assigned to chromosomes 5DS and 6DS. Using the F_2:3 lines that segregated in a single-gene mode, closely linked PCR-based markers were identified for both genes, and their chromosome assignments were confirmed through linkage mapping. The gene on chromosome 5DS was flanked by Xgwm205 and Xmag6176, with a genetic distance of 8.3 cM and 2.8 cM, respectively. This gene was 3.3 cM from a locus mapped by the STS marker MAG6137, converted from the RFLP marker BCD1871, which was 3.5 cM from Pm2. An evaluation with 15 pathogen isolates indicated that this gene and Pm2 were similar in their resistance spectra. The gene on chromosome 6DS was flanked by co-segregating Xcfd80 and Xmag6139 on one side and Xmag6140 on the other, with a genetic distance of 0.7 cM and 2.7 cM, respectively. This is the first powdery mildew resistance gene identified on chromosome 6DS, and plants that carried this gene were highly resistant to all of the 15 tested pathogen isolates. This gene was designated Pm45. The new resistance gene in D57 could easily be transferred to elite cultivars due to its common wheat origin and the availability of closely linked molecular markers.

... 另外, 5DS染色体上开发的与抗白粉病基因连锁分子标记也被用于分析汶农14的抗病基因^{[13,29,30,31,32]} ...

... 在小麦5DS染色体上定位的抗白粉病基因还有PmD57-5D^[32]和Pm46^[13] ...

... 位于5DS染色体上的其他抗白粉病基因Pm57D-5D^[32]、MlBrock^[31]和Pm46^[13]的10个连锁标记中, 除SCAR203外, 均不表现多态性 ...

1993

0.0

... 0分析SSR带型数据与白粉病抗性鉴定数据, 对汶农14的抗白粉病基因进行连锁性分析^[33] ...

1944

0.0

... 0 cM ^[34] ...

2012

3.251

0.0

. 2012, 30:1737-1745 DOI:10.1007/s11032-012-9757-0

Molecular detection of a gene effective against powdery mildew in the wheat cultivar Liangxing 66

<li>1.Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050021, China</li><li>2.The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China</li><li>4.Graduated School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China</li><li>3.College of Life Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China</li>

Abstract
Since it was commercialized in 2008, Liangxing 66 is one of the most widely grown cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in winter and facultative wheat-producing regions in northern China. This cultivar displays broad-spectrum resistance to isolates of powdery mildew. To identify the powdery mildew resistance gene in Liangxing 66, genetic analysis and molecular mapping were conducted using the F₂ populations and F_2:3 families derived from the reciprocal crosses of Liangxing 66 and the susceptible cultivar Jingshuang 16. A single dominant gene, tentatively designated PmLX66, conferred resistance in Liangxing 66 to the powdery mildew isolate E09. The results of molecular mapping indicated that this gene was located on the short arm of chromosome 5D and flanked by SCAR203 and Xcfd81 at genetic distances of 0.4 and 2.8 cM, respectively, which is similar to the position of locus Pm2. However, PmLX66 and Pm2 showed different reactions to five of the 42 isolates of powdery mildew tested. Together, these results indicated that PmLX66 was most likely an allele of Pm2. Based on its superior yield and agronomic performance, in combination with powdery mildew resistance, Liangxing 66 is useful as a promising parent for control of powdery mildew and for the development of new disease-resistant cultivars.

... 除了汶农14之外, 我们还在良星66 ^[35]和中麦155 (未发表)检测到抗病基因Pm2基因座的等位基因 ...