国内外蚕豆核心种质SSR遗传多样性对比及微核心种质构建

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姜俊烨, 杨涛, 王芳, 方俐, 仲伟文, 关建平, 宗绪晓. 国内外蚕豆核心种质SSR遗传多样性对比及微核心种质构建. 作物学报, 2014, 40(7): 1311-1319
JIANG Jun-Ye, YANG Tao, WANG Fang, FANG Li, ZHONG Wei-Wen, GUAN Jian-Ping, ZONG Xu-Xiao. Genetic Diversity Analysis of Germplasm Resources and Construction of Mini-core Collections forVicia faba L. at Home and Abroad . Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2014, 40(7): 1311-1319 复制到剪切板

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国内外蚕豆核心种质SSR遗传多样性对比及微核心种质构建

姜俊烨¹, 杨涛¹, 王芳¹, 方俐¹, 仲伟文², 关建平¹, 宗绪晓^1,^*

¹中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 / 农作物基因资源与基因改良国家重大科学工程, 北京 100081

²甘肃农业大学生命科学技术学院, 甘肃兰州 730070

^* 通讯作者(Corresponding author): 宗绪晓, E-mail:zongxuxiao@caas.cn, Tel: 010-62186651

第一作者联系方式: E-mail:jiangjunye123@163.com

收稿日期:2014-04-16

基金:本研究由科技部科技支撑项目(2013BAD01B05), 科技部国际科技合作项目(2010DFB33340), 国家自然科学基金项目(31101198)和农业部作物种质资源保护项目(NB2013-2129135-25)资助;

摘要

运用24对SSR引物, 对国内外1075份初级地理蚕豆核心种质的遗传多样性分析显示, 等位变异数、有效等位变异数及Shannon’s信息指数分别为8.54、2.26和1.02; 对全部参试资源进行聚类分析, 没有发现明显的群体结构, 表明初级地理核心种质的代表性较好, 遗传背景较广泛。之后采用每个类内随机抽样的方法构建含有129份国内资源和63份国外资源的蚕豆微核心种质, 等位基因变异数、有效等位变异数和Shannon’s信息指数的保留比例分别为87.32%、 101.26%和101.82%; 经t检验得出微核心种质与全部参试资源群体间遗传多样性差异不显著, 表明构建的微核心种质的遗传多样性可以代表初级地理蚕豆核心种质。

关键词: SSR; 蚕豆; 遗传多样性; 核心种质; 微核心种质

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Germplasm Resources and Construction of Mini-core Collections forVicia faba L. at Home and Abroad

JIANG Jun-Ye¹, YANG Tao¹, WANG Fang¹, FANG Li¹, ZHONG Wei-Wen², GUAN Jian-Ping¹, ZONG Xu-Xiao^1,^*

¹National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement / Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China

²College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China

Fund:

Abstract

The genetic diversity of 1075 genotypes from a primary geographic core collection of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) was analyzed by using SSR markers. The number of observed and effective alleles of 8.54 and 2.26, the Shannon’s information index of 1.02, were detected. Unconspicuous population structure among the 1075 genotypes indicated an extensive genetic background and nice representativeness. A mini-core collection comprised 129 Chinese and 63 oversea faba bean genotypes was randomly sampled from each cluster of dendrogram including all the 1075 tested genotypes. The observed alleles, effective alleles and Shannon’s information index of the mini-core collection covered 87.32%, 101.26%, and 101.82% of the primary geographic core collection respectively. The t-test did not show significant differences in genetic diversity between the primary geographic core collection and the mini-core collection, which validated the representativeness of the mini-core collection in genetic diversity of faba bean. The mini-core collection will play an important role in exploration of new genes within faba bean.

Keyword: SSR; Faba bean; Genetic diversity; Geographic core collection; Mini-core collection

Show Figures

蚕豆( Vicia faba L., 2 n=12), 又名佛豆, 胡豆, 罗汉豆等, 是世界上第六大食用豆类作物, 植物学分类上属豆科( Leguminosae), 蝶形花亚科( Papilionoideae), 巢菜属( ViciaL.), 英文名为Faba bean或Broad bean^{[ 1]}。我国已收集保存于种质库中的蚕豆资源近6000份, 数量多, 来源广。中国是全球蚕豆栽培面积及总产量最高的国家, 据FAO^{[ 2]}最新统计资料, 2012年全世界干蚕豆栽培面积243.44万公顷, 总产405.79万吨; 其中中国干蚕豆栽培面积95.30万公顷, 总产140.00万吨, 分别占全世界的39.15%和34.50%。中国每年尚有20~30万公顷的青蚕豆生产面积, 没有列入FAO统计资料。

蚕豆作为小作物, 对其研究进展比较缓慢, 遗传研究基础相对薄弱, 但是随着生物技术的飞速发展, 蚕豆遗传图谱构建取得一定进展。Vande等^{[ 3]}于1991年运用RAPD、RFLP和同工酶等构建了第一张蚕豆遗传连锁图谱, 此图谱有17个标记位于7个遗传连锁群上; 与RAPD、RFLP等分子标记相比, SSR呈共显性, 具有更高的可靠性和重复性, 其两侧具有更保守的序列, 并符合孟德尔遗传定律, 是较适合构建遗传图谱的分子标记^{[ 4]}。Ma等^{[ 5]}于2013年构建了第一张完全基于SSR的遗传连锁图谱, 包含14个遗传连锁群, 127个SSR标记, 这对于蚕豆遗传多样性分析、关联作图、基因定位等均具有极大促进作用。

对于蚕豆遗传多样性的研究, Zong等^{[ 6]}运用10对AFLP分子标记, 对中国国家种质库保存的39份国外资源和204份国内秋播蚕豆资源的遗传多样性进行分析, 共检测出266个多态性扩增片段, 主成分分析和聚类分析显示, 能明显区分开国内外秋播蚕豆; 此外, 王海飞等^{[ 7]}运用11对ISSR标记, 对国家种质库保存的国内外802份蚕豆资源的遗传多样性进行分析, 共扩增出209个多态性片段, 其遗传多样性以中国南方蚕豆较高, 而中国中部地区的蚕豆较低, 通过主成分分析及聚类分析显示, 能明显分开春播蚕豆与秋播蚕豆。

Frankel和Brown^{[ 8]}最先提出核心种质这一概念, 并丰富完善。核心种质是指从整个种质资源中选取一定数量资源作为样本, 以最小的样本数量最大限度地代表整个种质资源的多样性。核心种质的提出为资源的研究提供了一条全新的思路, 而构建核心种质的关键是运用合适的取样方法, 李自超等^{[ 9]}提出, 核心种质的取样比例可以根据原始种质数量而浮动, 原始种质数量较大时核心种质的取样比例可相对较小; 原始种质数量较小时核心种质的取样比例可相对较大。例如, 王丽侠等^{[ 10, 11]}用2794份大豆种质资源为原始材料, 构建占原始种质资源2%的核心种质; 刘勇等^{[ 12]}利用110份柚类构建含原始种质22.7%的核心种质。以上研究结果验证了李自超等^{[ 9]}结论的正确性, 即核心种质数目的选择没有统一化的标准, 要根据原始材料的实际情况来定。微核心种质的代表性可用观测等位基因数, 有效等位变异数以及Shannon’s信息指数的保留比例来确定^{[ 13]}。目前已对很多作物构建了核心种质, 为基因定位和分子标记辅助育种工作提供了便捷途径。Ellis等^{[ 14]}从油菜核心种质中筛选了高抗蚜虫种质, Miklas等^{[ 15]}从普通菜豆核心种质中筛选抗白霉病种质, Santos和Dias^{[ 16]}从甘蓝型油菜核心种质中筛选鉴定出抗白锈病种质等等, 而蚕豆在该方面的研究基本处于空白状态。因此, 本研究从国家种质库保存的6000余份以及美国西部植物引种服务站(WRPIS)提供的蚕豆资源中, 经生态地理筛选获得国内外初级地理核心种质1075份, 旨在运用SSR分子标记对该蚕豆初选地理核心种质进行遗传多样性分析, 进而获得其微核心种质, 从而为目的基因关联分析做铺垫。

1 材料与方法

1.1 试验材料

1.1.1 参试种质国家种质中期库中, 有明确地理来源的蚕豆共3620份, 其中国内资源2759份, 国外资源861份。本研究从中选用国内资源716份, 分别来自云南(109份)、浙江(70份)、四川(60份)、江苏(56份)、安徽(56份)、湖北(42份)、甘肃(37份)、湖南(35份)、贵州(35份)、山西(31份)、内蒙古(30份)、陕西(29份)、青海(25份)、重庆(19份)、新疆(18份)、江西(17份)、河北(13份)、宁夏(13份)、广西(11份)、上海(4份)、福建(3份)、广东(1份)的共587个县(区), 每个原产县(县级市)取样1~2份; 国外资源359份, 由美国西部植物引种服务站(WRPIS)提供, 来自全球50个国家。

1.1.2 试剂 SSR引物24对, 参照Ma等^{[ 5]}构建的蚕豆SSR遗传连锁图谱, 分别选自lg1的6对引物SSR6116、SSR10296、SSR10581、SSR9810、SSR2992和SSR5078; 选自lg2的3对引物SSR4076、SSR6092和SSR6221; 选自lg3的4对引物SSR2364、SSR5594、SSR6613和SSR10421; 选自lg4的6对引物SSR102、SSR1929、SSR2577、SSR3581、SSR4798和SSR5740; 选自lg5的3对引物SSR1788、SSR3372和SSR10177; 选自lg8的SSR3637和选自lg10的SSR4056, 按每个连锁群SSR标记数量按比例均匀挑选引物, 能够比较完整地代表蚕豆全基因组。以上引物由北京中科锡林生物科技有限公司合成。 TaqDNA 聚合酶、dNTPs购自北京鼎国昌盛生物技术有限责任公司, DNA marker购自北京泽星生物技术有限责任公司。

1.2 试验方法

1.2.1 DNA提取从每份参试资源的20个单株上随机选取100~150 mg鲜叶片, 于液氮中冻干研磨成细粉。运用Dellaporta等^{[ 17]}和Doyle等^{[ 18]} 的改良CTAB法提取基因组DNA, 用双蒸水溶解DNA干粉, 置-20℃冰箱备用。

1.2.2 PCR 在PTC-220热循环仪上进PCR, 反应总体积为20 µL, 含DNA (25 ng) 4 µL、10×Tag buffer 2 µL、40 mmol µL^-1 dNTPs 0.4 µL、2 µmol µL^-1上下游引物各 2 µL、2 U µL^-1 Taq DNA聚合酶0.4 µL、ddH₂O 11.2 µL。PCR程序为95℃预变性5 min; 95℃变性30 s, 各引物相应退火温度45 s, 72℃延伸45 s, 35个循环; 72℃延伸5 min后于10℃保存。产物经8%非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分离, 银染检测。

1.2.3 数据统计和分析对每一对参试SSR引物出现的等位变异, 无扩增条带记为0, 其余按分子量由小到大记为1、2、3、……。在NtSYS pc-2.2^{[ 19]}软件包中进行参试资源材料的主成分分析(PCA)和三维作图; 在Structure 2.2.2^{[ 20]}软件包中选择微核心种质数目; 在Popgen 1.32^{[ 21]}软件包中获得群体内等位变异数( Ha)、有效等位基因数( He)、Shannon’s信息指数( I); 用Office Microsoft Excel软件获得 t检验结果。

式中, Ne为有效等位基因数, I为Shannon’s信息指数。

2 结果与分析

2.1 SSR引物标记分析

24对SSR引物在参试的国内外1075份材料中共扩增出205个等位变异, 平均每对引物扩增出8.5个等位变异, 有效等位变异数为2.26, 其所占比重为26.54%; 24对SSR引物平均Shannon’s信息指数为1.02, 不同的数据指标从不同方面揭示24对蚕豆SSR引物对于揭示1075份国内外蚕豆资源遗传多样性上存在巨大差异。其中, 等位变异数最多的SSR引物是SSR10581, 为25, 其有效等位基因为5.0092; 其次是SSR4798、SSR3372、SSR10421和SSR1929, 等位变异数分别为16、15、11和10, 有效等位

变异分别为2.47、4.36、1.38和2.85; 等位变异数最少的SSR位点是SSR6613, 仅为2, 有效等位变异数为1.83。Shannon’s信息指数( I)最大的位点为SSR10581, 最小的为SSR6092, I值变化范围为0.37~1.97 (表1), 期望杂合度的变化范围为0.17~0.80, 观测杂合度变化范围为0.03~0.98。

表1 24对SSR引物在全部参试资源以及微核心种质中扩增的等位变异数、有效变异数和Shannon’s信息指数 Table 1 Alleles, effective alleles, and polymorphic information of SSR amplified products in all tested genotypes and mini-corecollections of faba bean

数据表明, 1075份蚕豆初级核心资源具有丰富的遗传多样性, 有效等位变异数与Shannon’s信息指数大体呈一致的变化趋势, 有效等位变异数较大的SSR位点其Shannon’s信息指数也较大, 有效等位变异数与等位基因变异频率相关联。与等位变异数相比, Shannon’s信息指数更能反应群体的遗传多样性程度, 是更好的评判指标。

对国内春播、秋播以及国外蚕豆资源分别进行等位变异、有效等位变异和Shannon’s信息指数分析, 得出三者的等位变异数分别为155、162和196, 有效等位变异数分别为52.80、47.14和65.65, Shannon’s信息指数平均数分别为0.94、0.83和1.14 (表2)。

表2 24对SSR引物在国内春播、秋播资源以及国外资源扩增的等位变异数、有效等位变异数与Shannon’s信息指数 Table 2 Alleles, effective alleles, and polymorphic information of SSR amplified products among spring, winter sowing accessions from China and accessions from abroad

数据结果表明, 国外参试蚕豆资源虽然数量比国内参试资源少得多, 但其有效等位变异数却多于国内参试资源; Shannon’s信息指数, 在国外与国内参试蚕豆资源间差异更大。因此, 国外蚕豆资源具有更为丰富的遗传多样性。

2.2 参试资源PCA分析

运用NtSYS pc2-2对全部参试蚕豆资源进行三维主成成分(PCA)分析, 得到三维空间聚类图(图1, 前三维贡献率分别为68.88%、6.73%和3.37%)。由图可知, 国外蚕豆资源呈现均匀宽广的空间分布特征, 表明其遗传背景较国内资源更为广泛, 且分布更为均匀; 国内春播、秋播资源混聚在一起, 空间分布范围明显小于国外资源, 说明其遗传背景较国外资源狭窄。另外, 三维图上没有形成依地理来源的资源汇集空间结构, 很可能是因为这些资源已经是经地理筛选得到的初级核心种质, 较好地代表了各种遗传变异而且分布比较均匀, 故而形不成与来源地明显相关的群体结构。

	Figure Option View Download New Window
	图1 全部蚕豆参试资源PCA分析图Fig. 1 PCA analysis of all accessions

2.3 基于SSR构建参试资源微核心种质

运用Structure 2.2.2软件包, 将1075份参试资源分为国内和国外两组, 对国内716份资源选取 K=35, 即将国内资源聚类为35个群体, 类内随机选4份资源, 共选取129份资源进入微核心种质(若类内资源数小于4, 则全部进入微核心种质); 对国外359份资源选取 K=35, 类内随机选2份资源, 共选取63份资源(若类内资源数小于2, 则全部进入微核心种质)。所构建的微核心种质(表3)中, 有90份国内秋播资源, 39份国内春播资源以及63份国外资源, 较好地吻合了全部参试资源国内秋播、春播以及国外资源的比例(全部参试资源中, 国内秋播, 春播以及国外资源数分别为518、198和359)。

表3 微核心种质编号及来源地 Table 3 Serial number of mini-core germplasm in genebank and their sources

种质库编号 Acc. No.	来源地 Origin	种质库编号 Acc. No.	来源地 Origin
H0001336	中国安徽Anhui, China	H0000205	中国云南Yunnan, China
H0001359	中国安徽Anhui, China	H0000211	中国云南Yunnan, China
H0003701	中国安徽Anhui, China	H0000219	中国云南Yunnan, China
H0004336	中国安徽Anhui, China	H0000232	中国云南Yunnan, China--
H0004343	中国安徽Anhui, China	H0001768	中国云南Yunnan, China
H0000147	中国福建Fujian, China	H0001789	中国云南Yunnan, China
H0000273	中国甘肃Gansu, China	H0001801	中国云南Yunnan, China
H0001863	中国甘肃Gansu, China	H0003340	中国云南Yunnan, China
H0001868	中国甘肃Gansu, China	H0003349	中国云南Yunnan, China
H0001875	中国甘肃Gansu, China	H0003357	中国云南Yunnan, China
H0001886	中国甘肃Gansu, China	H0003367	中国云南Yunnan, China
H0001891	中国甘肃Gansu, China	H0003374	中国云南Yunnan, China
H0001895	中国甘肃Gansu, China	H0003387	中国云南Yunnan, China
H0005280	中国甘肃Gansu, China	H0003399	中国云南Yunnan, China
H0005380	中国甘肃Gansu, China	H0003405	中国云南Yunnan, China
H0005385	中国甘肃Gansu, China	H0003424	中国云南Yunnan, China
H0005386	中国甘肃Gansu, China	H0003426	中国云南Yunnan, China
H0001618	中国广西Guangxi, China	H0003431	中国云南Yunnan, China
H0004358	中国广西Guangxi, China	H0003996	中国云南Yunnan, China
H0001731	中国贵州Guizhou, China	H0004829	中国云南Yunnan, China
H0001736	中国贵州Guizhou, China	H0001051	中国浙江Zhejiang, China
H0001755	中国贵州Guizhou, China	H0001181	中国浙江Zhejiang, China
H0001759	中国贵州Guizhou, China	H0001204	中国浙江Zhejiang, China
H0001765	中国贵州Guizhou, China	H0001244	中国浙江Zhejiang, China
H0003334	中国贵州Guizhou, China	H0003597	中国浙江Zhejiang, China
H0003977	中国贵州Guizhou, China	H0003602	中国浙江Zhejiang, China
H0003988	中国贵州Guizhou, China	H0003604	中国浙江Zhejiang, China
H0003105	中国河北Hebei, China	H0003620	中国浙江Zhejiang, China
H0003549	中国河北Hebei, China	H0003634	中国浙江Zhejiang, China
H0003966	中国河南Henan, China	H0001644	中国重庆Chongqing, China
H0001470	中国湖北Hubei, China	H0001683	中国重庆Chongqing, China
H0001476	中国湖北Hubei, China	H0001685	中国重庆Chongqing, China
H0001478	中国湖北Hubei, China	H0004366	中国重庆Chongqing, China
H0001484	中国湖北Hubei, China	PI 415062	中国台湾Taiwan, China
H0001531	中国湖北Hubei, China	H0000801	阿尔及利亚Algeria
H0001551	中国湖南Hunan, China	H0002518	英国United Kingdom
H0003211	中国湖南Hunan, China	PI 469120	英国United Kingdom
H0003268	中国湖南Hunan, China	PI 469197	英国United Kingdom
H0003901	中国湖南Hunan, China	PI 469199	英国United Kingdom
H0001026	中国江苏Jiangsu, China	PI 655328	保加利亚Bulgaria
H0002541	中国江苏Jiangsu, China	PI 433531	加拿大Canada
H0002548	中国江苏Jiangsu, China	H0002504	加拿大Canada
H0003159	中国江苏Jiangsu, China	PI 251232	埃及Egypt
H0003173	中国江苏Jiangsu, China	PI 577737	埃及Egypt
H0003188	中国江苏Jiangsu, China	PI 655349	埃及Egypt
H0004306	中国江苏Jiangsu, China	H0000533	埃及Egypt
H0005080	中国江苏Jiangsu, China	PI 358304	埃塞俄比亚Ethiopia
H0001393	中国江西Jiangxi, China	PI 415044	埃塞俄比亚Ethiopia
H0001400	中国江西Jiangxi China	H0000797	埃塞俄比亚Ethiopia

表3 微核心种质编号及来源地 Table 3 Serial number of mini-core germplasm in genebank and their sources

续表3 微核心种质编号及来源地 Continue Table 3 Serial number of mini-core germplasm in genebank and their sources

种质库编号 Acc. No.	来源地 Origin	种质库编号 Acc. No.	来源地 Origin
H0000994	中国内蒙古Inner Mongolia, China	PI 358266	前塞尔维亚和黑山共和国Former Serbia and Montenegro
H0001005	中国内蒙古Inner Mongolia, China	PI 415063	法国 France
H0003150	中国内蒙古Inner Mongolia, China	H0004558	法国 France
H0004225	中国内蒙古Inner Mongolia, China	H0004114	德国Germany
H0004240	中国内蒙古Inner Mongolia, China	PI 430724	匈牙利Hungary
H0004264	中国内蒙古Inner Mongolia, China	PI 430730	匈牙利Hungary
H0001957	中国宁夏Ningxia, China	H0000875	印度India
H0002685	中国宁夏Ningxia, China	H0000878	印度India
H0001950	中国青海Qinghai, China	PI 469145	伊朗Iran
H0005030	中国青海Qinghai, China	PI 469148	伊朗Iran
H0005036	中国青海Qinghai, China	PI 469149	伊朗Iran
H0005053	中国青海Qinghai, China	PI 469152	伊朗Iran
H0000004	中国山西Shanxi, China	PI 469184	伊朗Iran
H0000023	中国山西Shanxi, China	H0000646	伊朗Iran
H0000914	中国山西Shanxi, China	PI 577728	伊拉克Iraq
H0000916	中国山西Shanxi, China	PI 371800	以色列Israel
H0000917	中国山西Shanxi, China	PI 284349	意大利Italy
H0000254	中国陕西Shaanxi, China	PI 347262	意大利Italy
H0000269	中国陕西Shaanxi, China	PI 655346	意大利Italy
H0004001	中国陕西Shaanxi, China	H0000636	日本Japan
H0004016	中国陕西Shaanxi, China	PI 655332	肯尼亚Kenya
H0004052	中国陕西Shaanxi, China	PI 284338	黎巴嫩Lebanon
H0000104	中国上海Shanghai, China	PI 469204	摩洛哥Morocco
H0001635	中国四川Sichuan, China	PI 655322	摩洛哥Morocco
H0001663	中国四川Sichuan, China	PI 655341	巴基斯坦Pakistan
H0001664	中国四川Sichuan, China	PI 510592	秘鲁Peru
H0001665	中国四川Sichuan, China	PI 510602	秘鲁Peru
H0001667	中国四川Sichuan, China	PI 577720	秘鲁Peru
H0001670	中国四川Sichuan, China	PI 253425	西班牙Spain
H0001673	中国四川Sichuan, China	PI 262913	西班牙Spain
H0001678	中国四川Sichuan, China	PI 420419	西班牙Spain
H0001693	中国四川Sichuan, China	PI 533729	西班牙Spain
H0001696	中国四川Sichuan, China	PI 533734	西班牙Spain
H0001706	中国四川Sichuan, China	PI 415048	苏丹Sudan
H0003936	中国四川Sichuan, China	H0000582	苏丹Sudan
H0003942	中国四川Sichuan, China	PI 254001	叙利亚Syria
H0004379	中国四川Sichuan, China	H0002258	叙利亚Syria
H0004394	中国四川Sichuan, China	PI 254006	阿富汗Afghanistan
H0004396	中国四川Sichuan, China	PI 369496	土耳其Turkey
H0004409	中国四川Sichuan, China	PI 369502	土耳其Turkey
H0002691	中国新疆Xinjiang, China	PI 369503	土耳其Turkey
H0002708	中国新疆Xinjiang, China	PI 369504	土耳其Turkey
H0002717	中国新疆Xinjiang, China	PI 369509	土耳其Turkey
H0000162	中国云南Yunnan, China	PI 568232	美国United States
H0000164	中国云南Yunnan, China	PI 568233	美国United States
H0000179	中国云南Yunnan, China	PI 655348	美国United States
H0000180	中国云南Yunnan, China	PI 319896	前苏联Former Soviet Union

续表3 微核心种质编号及来源地 Continue Table 3 Serial number of mini-core germplasm in genebank and their sources

2.4 微核心种质遗传多样性分析

24对SSR引物在构建成的192份微核心种质中共扩增出179个等位变异, 平均每对SSR引物可扩增出7.46个等位变异; 有效等位变异为2.28, 有效等位变异所占比例为30.56%, 24对SSR引物平均Shannon’s信息指数为1.034, 等位变异保留比例 R(%)为87.32%, 有效等位变异数及其所占比重均有所提升(表1), SSR标记期望杂合度变化范围为0.14~0.79, 观测杂合度变化范围为0.05~ 0.98。对初选地理核心种质及其微核心种质的等位变异数、有效等位变异数和Shannon’s信息指数进行t假设检验, 在显著水平为0.05、双尾检验的情况下, 三者的 t值绝对值分别为0.90、0.10和0.15, 均小于 t的双尾临界值2.01, 说明两者差异不显著, 因此基于SSR分子标记数据构建的微核心种质可以代表初级核心种质80%以上的遗传信息。全部参试资源观测等位变异数与微核心种质观测等位变异数对比显示: 全部参试资源中, 观测等位变异在国内春播、秋播以及国外均存在的有140个, 仅春播、秋播和国外资源中独有的观测等位变异分别为2、4和31 (图2); 在构建的微核心种质中则分别为99、2、8和26 (图2)。

	Figure Option View Download New Window
	图2 全部参试蚕豆资源(微核心种质)等位基因分布图Fig. 2 Distribution of alleles in all resources and mini-core collections

3 讨论

本研究尝试利用SSR分子标记对全部1075份蚕豆初选地理核心种质进行遗传多样性分析, 并在此基础上构建蚕豆微核心种质, 具有非常重要的理论与实际意义。宗绪晓等^{[ 6]}运用AFLP对国内外243份秋播蚕豆资源进行遗传多样性分析, 共扩增出266个多态性条带; 王海飞等^{[ 7]}运用ISSR对国内外802份蚕豆资源进行遗传多样性分析, 共扩增出209个多态性条带, 上述二人研究材料均由中国农业科学院作物科学研究所提供, 而本研究所选材料不仅包含来自中国农业科学院作物科学研究所716份国内地理核心资源, 还包含美国西部植物引种服务站(WRPIS)提供的359份国外地理核心资源, 较之前研究中所用的蚕豆资源更加全面、丰富; 虽然本研究共扩增出SSR多态性条带204个, 数量稍少于上述研究扩增的, 但是由于SSR分子标记比AFLP、ISSR更为保守, 目标片段所在的遗传连锁群以及在遗传连锁群上的位置明确, 反映的遗传多样性差异更为全面、可信。

所构建的微核心种质, 要以较小的样本数量最大限度地代表整个初选核心种质的遗传多样性, 因此对初选核心种质和微核心种质遗传多样性的评估极为重要。崔艳华等^{[ 22]}通过研究提出, 对于不同的作物, 应该有不同的遗传多样性评估指标和方法。随着生物技术的不断发展, 各种分子标记逐步运用到作物核心种质构建中, 在食用豆核心种质的构建上, 杨菁等^{[ 23]}对153份蚕豆开花天数和株高等18项农艺性状统计分析, 构建了21份青海蚕豆核心种质, 所选核心种质在所有数量特征性状上符合率均占总体资源的88.72%, 21份核心种质的遗传多样性与总体资源差异不显著, 表明其能在形态多样性上代表总体资源; 宗绪晓等^{[ 24]}运用分子标记手段, 对1243份中国地方豌豆资源构建了146份核心种质; 刘玉皎等^{[ 25]}利用AFLP分子标记, 对149份青海蚕豆种质资源进行遗传多样性分析, 构建了40份青海蚕豆核心种质, 包含全部种质80%以上的遗传信息, 可作为杂交育种的优异亲本材料。国内外基于较广范围内的蚕豆资源并未在SSR分子水平上构建微核心种质, 本研究填补这一方面的空白; 运用24对SSR分子标记, 完成国内外1075份蚕豆初级地理核心种质的遗传多样性分析, 并根据Structure 2.2.2软件包聚类结果, 类内随机抽样构建了含192份蚕豆资源的微核心种质, 其中, 中国地方品种129份, 国外品种63份, 占1075份初级核心种质的18.14%, 观测等位变异数, 有效等位基因变异数, Shannon’s信息指数保留比例分别为87.32%、101.26%和101.82%, t检测结果显示微核心种质的遗传多样性与原始地理初选核心种质差异不显著, 证明本研究所构建的微核心种质可以较完整地代替原始地理初选核心种质。

王丽侠等^{[ 10, 11]}提出, 利用SSR数据聚类取样, 在原始种质数目比较大时, 类内随机取样为最佳选择, 本研究证明其结论的正确性。Hintum等^{[ 26]}利用中国大麦地方品种, Balfourier等^{[ 27]}利用饲料作物自然群体, Ortiz等^{[ 28]}利用安第斯山脉的藜麦, Gizlicel等^{[ 29]}利用北美大豆, Malosetti等^{[ 30]}利用乌拉圭地方玉米品种, Chandra等^{[ 31]}利用安第斯山脉四倍体土豆, 对其核心种质的取样策略做了研究。本研究运用王丽侠等^{[ 10]}设计的聚类后类内随机取样法构建蚕豆的微核心种质, 与初级核心种质结果比较证明其可靠性。

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

作者已声明无竞争性利益关系。

参考文献

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1997

0.0

... ), 英文名为Faba bean或Broad bean^[1] ...

2012

0.0

... 中国是全球蚕豆栽培面积及总产量最高的国家, 据FAO^[2]最新统计资料, 2012年全世界干蚕豆栽培面积243 ...

199l

0.0

... Vande等^[3]于1991年运用RAPD、RFLP和同工酶等构建了第一张蚕豆遗传连锁图谱, 此图谱有17个标记位于7个遗传连锁群上 ...

2000

1.513

0.0

... 与RAPD、RFLP等分子标记相比, SSR呈共显性, 具有更高的可靠性和重复性, 其两侧具有更保守的序列, 并符合孟德尔遗传定律, 是较适合构建遗传图谱的分子标记^[4] ...

2013

1.175

0.0

... Ma等^[5]于2013年构建了第一张完全基于SSR的遗传连锁图谱, 包含14个遗传连锁群, 127个SSR标记, 这对于蚕豆遗传多样性分析、关联作图、基因定位等均具有极大促进作用 ...

... 2 试剂 SSR引物24对, 参照Ma等^[5]构建的蚕豆SSR遗传连锁图谱, 分别选自lg1的6对引物SSR6116、SSR10296、SSR10581、SSR9810、SSR2992和SSR5078 ...

2009

3.658

0.0

. 2009, 118:971-978 DOI:10.1007/s00122-008-0954-5

Molecular variation among Chinese and global winter faba bean germplasm

1.Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Crop Sciences/The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement 100081 Beijing China 2.China Agricultural University Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding 100094 Beijing China 3.University of Adelaide School of Agriculture, Food and Wine Adelaide SA Australia 4.Australian Temperate Field Crops Collection, Grains Innovation Park The Department of Primary Industries Private Bag 260 Horsham VIC 3401 Australia

A sample of winter faba bean germplasm from China was compared with germplasm from outside China, using AFLP analyses. Both sets of germplasm were obtained from the National Genebank of China, Institute of Crop Sciences (ICS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China. A sample of 39 winter type accessions from outside of China and 204 Chinese landraces and varieties (201 winter types and 3 spring types) were characterized with 10 AFLP primers. These detected 266 polymorphic bands. The Chinese germplasm was clearly separated from the rest of the world in principal component analysis and clustering analysis, with the spring types from China showing the greatest separation. Yunnan germplasm, both landraces and commercial varieties, showed the greatest separation among the germplasm of Chinese winter faba bean provinces. The landraces/varieties from Anhui, Zhejiang, Sichuan, Jianxi, Guizhou and Fujian provinces clustered in a central group.

... 对于蚕豆遗传多样性的研究, Zong等^[6]运用10对AFLP分子标记, 对中国国家种质库保存的39份国外资源和204份国内秋播蚕豆资源的遗传多样性进行分析, 共检测出266个多态性扩增片段, 主成分分析和聚类分析显示, 能明显区分开国内外秋播蚕豆 ...

... 宗绪晓等^[6]运用AFLP对国内外243份秋播蚕豆资源进行遗传多样性分析, 共扩增出266个多态性条带 ...

2012

3.658

0.0

... 此外, 王海飞等^[7]运用11对ISSR标记, 对国家种质库保存的国内外802份蚕豆资源的遗传多样性进行分析, 共扩增出209个多态性片段, 其遗传多样性以中国南方蚕豆较高, 而中国中部地区的蚕豆较低, 通过主成分分析及聚类分析显示, 能明显分开春播蚕豆与秋播蚕豆 ...

... 王海飞等^[7]运用ISSR对国内外802份蚕豆资源进行遗传多样性分析, 共扩增出209个多态性条带, 上述二人研究材料均由中国农业科学院作物科学研究所提供, 而本研究所选材料不仅包含来自中国农业科学院作物科学研究所716份国内地理核心资源, 还包含美国西部植物引种服务站(WRPIS)提供的359份国外地理核心资源, 较之前研究中所用的蚕豆资源更加全面、丰富 ...

1984

0.0

... Frankel和Brown^[8]最先提出核心种质这一概念, 并丰富完善 ...

2003

0.0

1.667

. 2003, 29:20-24

Studies on the sampling strategy for primary core collection of Chinese ingenious rice

以国家品种资源库编目入库的中国地方稻种资源50526份的26个数量和质量性状为基本数据, 研究了中国地方稻种资源的初级核心种质取样策略, 包括分组原则、组内取样比例和组内取样方法. 分组原则为按丁颖分类体系、按中国稻作生态区划、按中国稻作生态区内分籼粳两亚种、按中国行政省或自治区、按中国行政省或自治区内分籼粳两

... 核心种质的提出为资源的研究提供了一条全新的思路, 而构建核心种质的关键是运用合适的取样方法, 李自超等^[9]提出, 核心种质的取样比例可以根据原始种质数量而浮动, 原始种质数量较大时核心种质的取样比例可相对较小 ...

... 以上研究结果验证了李自超等^[9]结论的正确性, 即核心种质数目的选择没有统一化的标准, 要根据原始材料的实际情况来定 ...

2006

1.643

0.0

. 2006, 151:215-223 DOI:10.1007/s10681-006-9142-3

Establishment of Chinese soybean (Glycine max) core collections with agronomic traits and SSR markers

1.Institute of Crop Science, National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resource and Genetic Improvement, Key Lab of Crop Germplasm & Biotechnology (MOA), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081 Beijing, China 2.Xinjiang Agricultural University, 830046 Urumqi, China 3.Department of agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, 130118 Changchun, China 4.Department of Agronomy, Liaoning Agricultural University, 110161 Shenyang, China 5.Northeast Agricultural University, 150030 Haerbin, China 6.Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 310029 Hangzhou, China 7.Northwest Science and Technology, University of Agriculture & Forestry, Yangling, 712100 Shannxi, China 8.College of Agriculture Northwest Sci-Tech, University Agriculture and Forestry, Shanxi Yanglin, 712100 Shannxi, China 9.Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, U.S.A.

It is very important to efficiently study and use genetic diversity resources in crop breeding and sustainable agriculture. In this study, different sampling methods and sample sizes were compared in order to optimize the strategies for building a rationally sized core collection of Chinese soybean (Glycine max). The diversity in the core collection captured more than 70% of that in the pre-core collection, no matter what sampling methods were used, at a sampling proportion of 1%. Core collections established with both simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker data and agronomic traits were more representative than those chosen on an independent basis. An optimal sampling method for a soybean core collection was determined, in which strategy ‘S’ (allocating accessions to clusters according to the proportion of square root of the original sample size within each ecotype) was used based on SSR and agronomic data. Curve estimation was used to estimate the allelic richness of the entire Chinese soybean germplasm and a minimum sample size for a core collection, on which a sampling proportion of about 2% was determined to be optimal for a core collection. Further analysis on the core collection with fourteen agronomic traits and allelic constitution at 60 SSR loci suggested that it highly represented the entire collections both on genetic structure and diversity distribution. This core collection would provide an effective platform in proper exploitation of soybean germplasm resources for the study of complex traits and discovering important novel traits for crop genetic development.

... 例如, 王丽侠等^[10,11]用2794份大豆种质资源为原始材料, 构建占原始种质资源2%的核心种质 ...

... 王丽侠等^[10,11]提出, 利用SSR数据聚类取样, 在原始种质数目比较大时, 类内随机取样为最佳选择, 本研究证明其结论的正确性 ...

... 本研究运用王丽侠等^[10]设计的聚类后类内随机取样法构建蚕豆的微核心种质, 与初级核心种质结果比较证明其可靠性 ...

2004

0.0

. 2004, 12:578-585

Establishment of a core collection of Changjiang spring sowing soybean

Key Lab of Crop Germplasm Resources and Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081

Sampling strategy is very important for core collection establishment. In this study, different methods to construct a core collection of Changjiang spring sowing soybean were performed based on data of SSR（simple sequence repeat） markers and agronomic traits in order to optimize the sampling strategy for core collection. The results showed that, based on cluster analysis of SSR data, each of the three methods, i.e., random sampling within each group, sampling by genetic similarity coefficient within each group and sampling by genetic similarity coefficient, could be used to construct a soybean core collection. When SSR allelic reserving ratios were maintained at 90% and 80%, the core collections had higher genetic diversity indices of SSR alleles than if maintained at 70%. Core collections could also be constructed by agronomic and other basic data if there was no molecular data; however, SSR allelic reserving ratio might be decreased, which suggested that assessment of genetic diversity by SSR data was not always consistent with assessment by agronomic data. We found that core collections were heterogeneous, either when created with different sampling methods or with the same sampling method in different repeats, because randomicity always existed in selecting individuals. This indicated that the germplasm to form a core collection was variable, so optimal sampling strategies should be chosen to establish core collections based on different data according to practical or scientific objectives. Integrating phenotypic and genotypic data together would be better for improving the representativeness of core collections.

利用长江春大豆初选核心种质SSR（simple sequence repeat）标记和农艺性状表型等基础数据，对用不同个体取样方法以及不同数据类型建立的核心种质进行评价，目的是为确定中国大豆（Glycine max）核心种质的最佳取样策略提供依据。结果表明，根据SSR分子数据聚类，采用类内随机取样、类内以遗传相似性系数取样以及仅依据遗传相似性系数取样都可用于大豆核心种质构建。但是综合不同评价参数发现，以类内随机取样最佳，类内按遗传相似性系数取样次之，单独以遗传相似性系数取样较差。分析不同SSR等位变异保留比例的遗传多样性指数发现，当保留90%和80%的SSR等位变异时，核心种质具有更高的遗传多样性。由于与SSR分子数据对种质遗传关系评价的不一致性，农艺性状等基础数据虽然可用来构建核心种质，但其SSR分子水平代表性相对较低。本研究结果还表明，用不同方法或同一方法不同重复次数取样建立的核心种质具有异质性，且这种异质性随核心种质取样比例的降低而增大。因此，虽然可依据不同数据类型确定相应的方法建立核心种质，但综合表型和分子数据建立的核心种质更具有代表性。

... 例如, 王丽侠等^[10,11]用2794份大豆种质资源为原始材料, 构建占原始种质资源2%的核心种质 ...

... 王丽侠等^[10,11]提出, 利用SSR数据聚类取样, 在原始种质数目比较大时, 类内随机取样为最佳选择, 本研究证明其结论的正确性 ...

2006

0.0

1.045

. 2006, 23:339-345

Screening the core collection of pomelo germplasm based on molecular marker

根据678个SSR和AFLP分子标记聚类结果,对110份柚类资源采用逐级压缩法选择核心种质,比较了样本数不同的8个核心样本群的多态性位点数、多态性位点百分率、观测等位基因数、有效等位基因数、Nei's遗传多样性指数和Shannon's信息指数等参数,最终选择了25个样本组成的样本群作为核心种质.用简明统计软件(CS10.1)对初始种质和核心种质群体的观测等位基因数、有效等位基因数、Nei's遗传多样性指数和Shannon's信息指数分别作t测验,可看出核心种质保留了初始种质22.73%的样品,多态性位点和多态性位点百分率保留率均达到了94.87%,观测等位基因数、有效等位基因数、Nei's遗传多样性指数、Shannon's信息指数的保留率分别为97.80%、99.86%、100.72%、101.16%,可见核心种质能很好的代表初始种质.

... 刘勇等^[12]利用110份柚类构建含原始种质22 ...

2011

0.0

1.889

. 2011, 44:3193-3205 DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2011.15.015

The core-collection construction of flower lotus based on AFLP molecular markers

1. 中国科学院武汉植物园水生植物与流域生态重点实验室

【Objective】 The construction of the core collection is very important for preservation, study and application of flower lotus (Nelumbo Adans.) germplasm resources. 【Method】 Based on AFLP markers, candidate core collections were constructed by using proportional strategy and UPGMA clustering sampling method within subgroups after dividing 395 flower lotus germplasm into 4 subgroups. By comparison of the genetic diversity parameters of these candidate core collection, such as the number of polymorphic loci, percentage of polymorphic loci, observed number of alleles, effective number of alleles, Nei’s gene diversity and Shannon’s information index, the core collection of flower lotus were screened, and genetic diversity comparison and t-test between original collection and core collection were analyzed. 【Result】 The core collection of flower lotus with 88 cultivars including 60 Chinese flower lotus (Nelumbo nucifera), 3 American louts (Nelumbo lutea), 16 hybrids between N. nucifera and N. lutea, and 9 Japanese lotus cultivars. The core collection reserved 22.27% samples of original collection. The reserved rate of number of polymorphic loci and percentage of polymorphic loci were 99.27%, and the reserved rate of observed number of alleles, effective number of alleles, Nei’s gene diversity and Shannon’s information index were 100.00%, 101.72%, 110.00% and 106.67%, respectively. t-test’s results showed that no significant difference was found in genetic diversity indexes between the core collection and original collection. 【Conclusion】 The core collection excluded the redundant germplasm from the original collection and conserved maximum genetic diversity with minimum lotus germplasm resource. These results demonstrated that the core collection could stand for original collection excellently.

【目的】构建花莲核心种质，以利于对花莲种质资源的保存、研究和利用。【方法】利用AFLP分子标记，对395份花莲原始种质按照种属来源分组后采用组内简单比例法和聚类抽样法建立候选核心种质，比较不同候选核心种质的多态性位点数、多态性位点百分率、观测等位基因数、有效等位基因数、Nei’s遗传多样性指数和Shannon’s信息指数等参数，最终确定花莲核心种质，并进行核心种质与原始种质的遗传多样性比较和t检验。【结果】所获得88个品种的花莲核心种质包括60份中国花莲品种，3份美洲黄莲，16份中美杂交莲和9份日本莲品种。核心种质保留了原始种质22.27%的样品，多态性位点和多态性位点百分率保留率为99.27%，观测等位基因数、有效等位基因数、Nei’s遗传多样性指数、Shannon’s信息指数的保留率分别为100.00%、101.72%、110.00%、106.67%。t测验结果表明，核心种质的遗传多样性指数与原始种质差异不显著。【结论】根据聚类分析结果剔除原始种质中的冗余种质后，建立的核心种质以最少的花莲资源可代表原始种质最大的遗传多样性。本文所构建的花莲核心种质在遗传上能最大程度地代表原始种质资源。

... 微核心种质的代表性可用观测等位基因数, 有效等位变异数以及Shannon’s信息指数的保留比例来确定^[13] ...

1998

1.643

0.0

... Ellis等^[14]从油菜核心种质中筛选了高抗蚜虫种质, Miklas等^[15]从普通菜豆核心种质中筛选抗白霉病种质, Santos和Dias^[16]从甘蓝型油菜核心种质中筛选鉴定出抗白锈病种质等等, 而蚕豆在该方面的研究基本处于空白状态 ...

1999

1.513

0.0

2004

0.0

. 2004, 51:713-722 DOI:10.1023/B:GRES.0000034577.82868.5d

Evaluation of a core collection of Brassica oleracea accessions for resistance to white rust of crucifers (Albugo candida) at the cotyledon stage. Genet

1.CEPTA-IICT Apartado 3014, Tapada da Ajuda Lisboa 1301-901 Portugal 2.Instituto Superior de Agronomia Technical University of Lisbon Tapada da Ajuda Lisboa 1349-017 Portugal

The identification of seedling resistance to white rust of crucifers was performed in a screening of a B. oleracea core collection with 400 accessions representing the genetic and geographic diversity of the species. Fifty seedlings per accession were tested against the Portuguese isolate Ac502 using the methodology and evaluation procedures developed by and . The percentage of resistant seedlings (%R) and the conventional rating criteria of the mean Disease Index (DI) based on the two different evaluation procedures of disease expression used, were compared and adopted as the criteria to rank the accessions for their interest as sources of resistance. A great variability of reactions was found between and within accessions of the core collection, ranging from complete resistance to full susceptibility. Sources of resistance were found namely among the cauliflowers, broccoli and tronchuda cabbages gene pools. Forty-seven accessions presented at least 20% of resistant seedlings. Nine accessions (the kales INRA18 and INRA62, the cauliflowers HRI4856, HRI4866 and HRI5424, the loose-head cabbage HRI11555, the savoy cabbage BRA848, the black broccoli HRI6318 and the Portuguese tronchuda cabbage ISA207) presented 50–78% of resistant seedlings and so they should be considered as potential and useful sources for direct use in breeding programs for white rust resistance. Fourteen inbred lines, representing the full range of disease expression, derived from resistant accessions of the core collection were also tested for resistance to other two Portuguese isolates (Ac503 and Ac504) and to a UK isolate. The results provided no evidence of differential reaction to the A. candida isolates tested.

1983

3.518

0.0

... 运用Dellaporta等^[17]和Doyle等^[18] 的改良CTAB法提取基因组DNA, 用双蒸水溶解DNA干粉, 置-20℃冰箱备用 ...

1990

0.0

... 运用Dellaporta等^[17]和Doyle等^[18] 的改良CTAB法提取基因组DNA, 用双蒸水溶解DNA干粉, 置-20℃冰箱备用 ...

2006

0.0

... 2^[19]软件包中进行参试资源材料的主成分分析(PCA)和三维作图 ...

2003

4.389

0.0

... 2^[20]软件包中选择微核心种质数目 ...

1997

0.625

0.0

... 32^[21]软件包中获得群体内等位变异数(Ha)、有效等位基因数(He)、Shannon’s信息指数(I) ...

2003

0.0

... 崔艳华等^[22]通过研究提出, 对于不同的作物, 应该有不同的遗传多样性评估指标和方法 ...

2009

0.0

1.23

. 2009, 7:599-606

Preliminary construction of core collection of broad bean in Qinghai based on morphological traits

通过对153份供试蚕豆资源的开花天数和株高等18项形态性状进行统计和分级整理,利用NTSYSpc软件对其表型性状的数据进行聚类分析,并在聚类过程中结合育种需要,优先选择花色、开花习性、粒色和脐色等性状特异性较大的种质,次要选择荚粒数和百粒重等优质性状的种质,初步构建21份核心种质,占总体资源的13.73%.结果显示,这21份核心种质的遗传多样性指数与总体资源差异不显著,表明初步构建的蚕豆核心种质能代表总体资源的遗传多样性,在一定程度上为青海省蚕豆种质资源的有效利用奠定了基础.

... 随着生物技术的不断发展, 各种分子标记逐步运用到作物核心种质构建中, 在食用豆核心种质的构建上, 杨菁等^[23]对153份蚕豆开花天数和株高等18项农艺性状统计分析, 构建了21份青海蚕豆核心种质, 所选核心种质在所有数量特征性状上符合率均占总体资源的88 ...

2009

3.658

0.0

. 2009, 118:193-204 DOI:10.1007/s00122-008-0887-z

Analysis of a diverse global Pisum sp. collection and comparison to a Chinese local P. sativum collection with microsatellite markers

1.Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Crop Sciences/The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement Beijing 100081 People’s Republic of China 2.China Agricultural University Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding Beijing 100094 People’s Republic of China 3.The Department of Primary Industries Australian Temperate Field Crops Collection, Grains Innovation Park Private Bag 260 Horsham VIC 3401 Australia 4.The University of Melbourne BioMarka, Faculty of Land and Food Resources Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia

Twenty-one informative microsatellite loci were used to assess and compare the genetic diversity among Pisum genotypes sourced from within and outside China. The Chinese germplasm comprised 1243 P. sativum genotypes from 28 provinces and this was compared to 774 P. sativum genotypes that represented a globally diverse germplasm collection, as well as 103 genotypes from related Pisum species. The Chinese P. sativum germplasm was found to contain genotypes genetically distinct from the global gene pool sourced outside China. The Chinese spring type genotypes were separate from the global gene pool and from the other main Chinese gene pool of winter types. The distinct Chinese spring gene pool comprised genotypes from Inner Mongolia and Sha’anxi provinces, with those from Sha’anxi showing the greatest diversity. The other main gene pool within China included both spring types from other northern provinces and winter types from central and southern China, plus some accessions from Inner Mongolia and Sha’anxi. A core collection of Chinese landraces chosen to represent molecular diversity was compared both to the wider Chinese collection and to a geographically diverse core collection of Chinese landraces. The average gene diversity and allelic richness per locus of both the micro-satellite based core and the wider collection were similar, and greater than the geographically diverse core. The genetic diversity of P. sativum within China appears to be quite different to that detected in the global gene pool, including the presence of several rare alleles, and may be a useful source of allelic variation for both major gene and quantitative traits.

... 宗绪晓等^[24]运用分子标记手段, 对1243份中国地方豌豆资源构建了146份核心种质 ...

2011

0.0

0.833

... 刘玉皎等^[25]利用AFLP分子标记, 对149份青海蚕豆种质资源进行遗传多样性分析, 构建了40份青海蚕豆核心种质, 包含全部种质80%以上的遗传信息, 可作为杂交育种的优异亲本材料 ...

1995

0.0

0.928

... Hintum等^[26]利用中国大麦地方品种, Balfourier等^[27]利用饲料作物自然群体, Ortiz等^[28]利用安第斯山脉的藜麦, Gizlicel等^[29]利用北美大豆, Malosetti等^[30]利用乌拉圭地方玉米品种, Chandra等^[31]利用安第斯山脉四倍体土豆, 对其核心种质的取样策略做了研究 ...

1998

0.0

1998

3.658

0.0

1994

1.513

0.0

2001

1.593

0.0

. 2001, 48:381-390 DOI:10.1023/A:1012003611371

Sampling strategy to develop a core collection of Uruguayan maize landraces based on morphological traits. Genet Res

1.Universidad de la República

Core collections were suggested to improve germplasmutilization. A core collection is a subset chosen to represent thediversity of a collection with a minimum of redundancies. Becausediversity is distributed between and within groups with differentdegrees of organization, an adequate classification of accessionsinto related groups should be performed prior to the selection of acore collection. Different classification strategies for theUruguayan Maize Collection were compared, and the best one was usedto select a core collection. The following classification strategieswere compared following a multivariate approach using the availablemaize data base: i) racial classification, ii) geographicorigin (south and north of the country), and iii) acombination of kernel type and geographic origin. The third optionwas considered the best classification rule, since it takes intoaccount two points which are closely related to the distribution ofdiversity: genotypic composition and geographic origin. The followingfive groups were identified in the collection: a) pop, b)floury, c) dent, d) southern flint-semiflints, ande) northern flint-semiflints. Eight core collections,each of 90 accessions, were selected, using different strategies toweight the groups in the core and to select the accessions from thegroups. The P, C, and L strategies were used and combined with eitherrandom selection within the group or the Relative Diversity method.Two samples of 90 accessions were obtained at random withoutconsidering the classification. The Relative Diversity methodcombined with the L strategy produced the best core collection, as itretained the highest percentage of the ranges for the 17 variablesincluded in the analysis. On average, 91% of the ranges wereretained in the core, confirming its representativeness.

2002

3.658

0.0

. 2002, 104:1325-1334 DOI:10.1007/s00122-001-0854-4

Optimal sampling strategy and core collection size of Andean tetraploid potato based on isozyme data: a simulation study

1.International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, 502 324 AP, India 2.Centro Internacional de la Papa, Apartado 1558, Lima 100, Perú 3.International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), c/o Lambourn & Co., Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall Road, Croydon, CR9 3EE, UK 4.Present address: Pro Biodiversity of the Andes, Av. Raul Ferrero # 1354, Lima 12, Perú