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周清元, 崔翠, 阴涛, 陈东亮, 张正圣, 李加纳. . 作物学报, 2014, 40(8): 1493-1500[ZHOU Qing-Yuan, CUI Cui, YIN Tao, CHEN Dong-Liang, ZHANG Zheng-Sheng, LI Jia-Na. Genetic Analysis of Silique Length Using Mixture Model of Major Gene Plus Polygene inBrassica napus L. . ACTA AGRONOMICA SINICA, 2014, 40(8): 1493-1500] 复制到剪切板

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作物学报编辑部

周清元, 崔翠, 阴涛, 陈东亮, 张正圣, 李加纳^*

西南大学农学与生物科技学院 / 南方山地农业教育部工程研究中心 / 西南大学重庆市油菜工程技术研究中心, 重庆 400715

^* 通讯作者(Corresponding author): 李加纳, E-mail:ljn1950@swu.edu.cn, Tel: 023-68251950

收稿日期:2014-04-17

基金:本研究由高等学校学科创新引智计划(B12006)项目, 农业部引进国际先进农业科学技术计划(948计划)项目(2011-G23), 国家农业现代产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-13), 重庆市良种创新工程项目(CSTC2011jjA80005)和西南大学博士启动基金(SWU113064)资助;

摘要

角果是油菜产量构成要素中重要的组成部分。本文以长角果品种中双11和短角果材料10D130为亲本配制杂交组合, 采用主基因+多基因混合遗传模型分析方法对该组合6世代遗传群体(P₁、P₂、F₁、BCP₁、BCP₂和F₂)的果身长、角果长和果喙长进行遗传分析。结果表明, 该组合的3个角果性状均呈连续分布, 其中, 果身长最适遗传模型为E-0 (2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因模型), 2对主基因加性效应值分别是1.75和-0.06, 显性效应值分别是-0.59和-0.86, 主基因遗传率在BCP₁、BCP₂和F₂中分别是51.10%、74.23%和66.93%, 多基因遗传率分别为29.16%、17.11%和23.96%。角果长的最适遗传模型为E-1 (2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性多基因模型), 其中, 第1对主基因加性效应为0.34, 显性效应为-0.81, 第2对主基因加性效应为0.34, 显性效应为-0.47, 主基因遗传率在BCP₁、BCP₂和F₂中分别是47.63%、68.51%和79.45%, 多基因遗传率分别为29.40%、20.89%和12.47%。果喙长的最适遗传模型为E-3模型 (2对加性主基因+加-显多基因遗传模型), 2对主基因加性效应值分别是0.2和-0.2, 主基因遗传率在BCP₁、BCP₂和F₂中分别是33.71%、72.75%和52.25%, 多基因遗传率分别为40.08%、5.37%和27.60%。

关键词: 甘蓝型油菜; 角果长; 混合遗传模型; 遗传分析

Genetic Analysis of Silique Length Using Mixture Model of Major Gene Plus Polygene inBrassica napus L.

ZHOU Qing-Yuan, CUI Cui, YIN Tao, CHEN Dong-Liang, ZHANG Zheng-Sheng, LI Jia-Na^*

College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University / Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education / Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China

Fund:

Abstract

Silique is one of major components for rapeseed yield. Inheritance of silique body length (SBL), valid silique length (VSL) and beak length (BL) in a cross of variety Zhongshuang 11 with long silique (P₁) and line 10D130 with short silique (P₂) was investigated by the mixed major gene plus polygene inheritance model. The results showed that SBL, VSL and BL in the populations of F₂, BCP₁, and BCP₂ were controlled by the major gene and polygenes. The SBL were dominated by two major genes with additive-dominance-epistasis effects plus polygenes with additive-dominance-epistasis effects (E-0 model). The heritability values of the major genes of SBL in BCP₁, BCP₂, and F₂ were estimated as 51.10%, 74.23%, and 66.93%, respectively, and the heritability values of the polygene were 29.16%, 17.11%, and 23.96%, respectively. The additive effects of two major genes of SBL were 1.75 and -0.06, and the dominant effects of two major genes were -0.59 and -0.86, respectively. The valid silique length was controlled by two major genes with additive-dominance-epistasis effects plus polygenes with additive-dominance effects (E-1 model). Heritability values of the major genes for SL in BCP₁, BCP₂, and F₂generations were estimated as 47.63%, 68.51%, and 79.45%, respectively, and the heritability values of the polygene were 29.40%, 20.89%, and 12.47%, respectively. The additive effects of two major genes were equal (0.34) to that of the cross, but the dominant effects of the two major genes were -0.81 and -0.47, respectively. The beak length was dominated by two major gene with additive effects plus polygenes with additive-dominance effects (E-3 model). Heritability values of the major genes of BL in the cross were 33.71%, 72.75%, and 52.25%, respectively, and the heritability values of the polygene were 40.08%, 5.37%, and 27.60%, respectively. The additive effects of two major genes were 0.20 and -0.20, respectively.

Keyword: Brassica napusL.; Sileque length; Mixed inheritance modal; Genetic Analysis

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我国油菜常年种植面积和总产均居世界首位。随着人口的增长和生物柴油概念的提出, 油菜需求日益增长, 供求矛盾凸显, 因此, 提高油菜单产水平成为重要的育种目标, 也是解决该矛盾的有效方式之一。角果是油菜产量构成因素中重要的组成部分, 角果及角果相关性状对油菜产量具有直接或者间接的作用。油菜角果作为油菜的结实器官, 不仅是重要的贮藏器官, 也是重要的光合器官, 具有“库”和“源”的双重作用^{[ 1, 2]}。在油菜生长初期, 油菜的光合作用主要通过叶片和茎杆来完成, 但是当油菜进入到盛花期和角果快速生长时期, 角果及其内部籽粒的生长所需有机物大多都需要角果光合作用来提供, 叶片的作用减少^{[ 3, 4]}。因此, 角果的生长发育严重影响油菜的产量和品质^{[ 5]}。角果长度是影响油菜产量的重要因素^{[ 6]}, 与每果粒数、千粒重显著相关^{[ 7, 8]}。培养长角果可以提高油菜的产量潜力^{[ 7]}, 角果长度主要受到核基因控制, 且不同的研究材料和杂交组合在不同的研究方法下具有不同的遗传模式^{[ 8, 9, 10, 11, 12]}。

育种目标性状, 如产量、品质、生育期、耐逆性等大部分是数量性状。数量性状的遗传体系比较复杂, 可以由个别或者少数主基因组成、若干微效基因组成、也可以是个别或者少数主基因与若干微效基因共同组成。王建康等^{[ 13]}提出了分析主基因+多基因混合遗传模型的原则和步骤, 建立了多世代群体的联合分析方法, 近年已广泛应用到不同作物的不同性状上, 如水稻和小麦的抗病性^{[ 14, 15, 16, 17]}、大豆的根系性状^{[ 18]}、棉花的耐低温^{[ 19]}、花生产量^{[ 20]}、黄瓜种子休眠^{[ 21]}、油菜的含油量和芥酸含量^{[ 22, 23, 24]}、油菜株高和抗倒性^{[ 25, 26]}、油菜角果种子粒数和千粒重^{[ 27, 28]}、油菜花色^{[ 29]}等性状, 并取得了很好的研究进展。本文以6个世代研究群体(P₁、P₂、F₁、F₂、BCP₁和BCP₂), 通过主基因+多基因混合遗传模型方法研究角果长度相关的3个性状, 以期揭示角果长度的遗传机制、评估单个主基因不同的遗传效应和各分离世代的遗传率, 为进一步研究和利用奠定基础。

1 材料与方法

1.1 试验材料

亲本材料分别为中双11 (P₁)和10D130 (P₂), 中双11是中国农业科学院油料所选育的常规优质油菜品种, 主要遗传来源为(中双96/2F₁₀)//26102, 角果长度在9~10 cm之间; 10D130是由西南大学油菜工程技术中心从芥菜型油菜和羽衣甘蓝种间杂种后代中选育出来的高油黄籽半矮杆短角果稳定的高世代自交系(S₆)^{[ 30]}, 角果长度在5~6 cm之间。从2009年到2011年, 我们连续3年将2个亲本材料杂交, 并在次年观察其杂种F₁代角果长度, 结果均表明, 2个亲本间角果长度(3个性状)差异显著( P<0.05), 且F₁介于2个亲本之间, 与2012年研究结果相似。

2009年秋, 在西南大学油菜工程技术中心歇马实验基地(29.45°N, 106.22°E)种植亲本, 2010年春配制并获得F₁(P₁×P₂)种子。2011年春对F₁套袋自交得到F₂, 并配制获得BCP₁(F₁×P₁)和BCP₂(F₁×P₂)。2011年, 收集6个世代(P₁、P₂、F₁、F₂、BCP₁和BCP₂)种子。

1.2 田间试验

2011年9月, 将6个世代群体种子同期播种在西南大学油菜工程技术中心歇马实验基地, 11月1日移栽。行距 40 cm、株距21 cm, 每窝单株。试验地前茬为空闲地, 黏壤土, 肥力中等; 2011年10月26日基施375 kg hm^-2复合肥(N∶P∶K=1∶1∶1), 27日由拖拉机旋耕, 深度30~40 cm。2011年12月3日追肥(每公顷施52 500 kg清水+75 kg尿素), 12月13日中耕培土1次。其他措施按常规栽培管理。其中, P₁、P₂和F₁每个群体种植3~5行(每行10株), F₂群体共种植38行, BCP₁群体种植13行, BCP₂群体种植19行。2012年5月8号按单株收获各群体。自然风干后, 在每个单株主花序中部收获发育完全的10个角果, 分别测定其果身长(包含果喙长度)、有效角果长(不包含果喙长度)和果喙长度。计算10个角果的平均长度作为单株角果长度, 用于遗传分析。

1.3 数据分析

根据盖钧镒等^{[ 13]}和章元明等^{[ 31]}提出的植物数量性状主基因+多基因混合遗传多世代联合分析方法, 对油菜角果长性状进行联合分析, 采用极大似然法和IECM算法估计各世代、各成分分布的参数, 通过AIC值选择最佳模型^{[ 32]}, 并进行一组适合性检验, 包括均匀性 U₁²、 U₂²和 U₃²检验, Kolmo-Smimov检验( _n W²)和Kolmo-Gorov检验( D _n), 根据检验结果选择最优遗传模型。最后采用最小二乘法依据最优模型的各成分分布参数估计各基因效应值、方差等遗传参数^{[ 13]}。植物数量性状主基因+多基因遗传体系分析软件由南京农业大学国家大豆改良中心提供(http://jpkc. njau.edu.cn/swtj/show.asp?classid=35&classtype=26)。用Mi-crosoft Excel软件估算平均数、遗传参数等, DPS7.05软件进行方差分析和多重比较。

2 结果与分析

2.1 表型数据分析

比较亲本和F₁群体3个角果长性状(表1)表明, 中双11的角果果身长、有效角果长和果喙长分别为9.87、8.32和1.55, 而10D130 3个性状分别为5.55、4.37和1.18, 2个亲本3个性状间差异均达到显著水平( P<0.05); 杂种F₁的这3个性状分别为8.97、7.35和1.61, 更接近于中双11, 与10D130差异达到显著水平( P<0.05)。表2表明, 3个分离世代群体(F₂、BCP₁和BCP₂)的极差和变异系数均大于3个不分离世代群体(P₁、P₂和F₁), 说明分离世代群体离散程度高, 具有较高的遗传多态性, 为进一步遗传分析提供较好的研究基础。

表1 中双11、10D130及其F₁角果长(2012) Table 1 Statistics of traits related to silique among P₁, P₂, and F₁ generations in 2012 (mean± SD, cm)

表2 中双11×10D130各世代角果长极差和变异系数 Table 2 Variation coefficients of rapeseed traits related to silique in six generations of ZS11×10D130

2.2 角果长度的次数分布

将3个世代群体(BCP₁、BCP₂和F₂)角果的果身长、有效角果长和果喙长分组, 统计其分布频次(图1、图2和图3)表明, 该组合角果长度3个性状具有广泛的遗传变异, 且均呈连续性分布, 不易分组, 具有典型的数量性状遗传特征。另外, 部分分离世代群体具有明显多峰现象, 说明该组合3个角果长度性状属于受到主基因遗传效应影响的数量性状。

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	图1 中双11×10D130杂交组合3个分离世代群体果身长的次数分布Fig. 1 Frequency distribution of silique body length in BCP₁, BCP₂, and F₂ populations from the cross of ZS11×10D130

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	图2 中双11×10D130杂交组合3个分离世代群体角果长的次数分布Fig. 2 Frequency distribution of valid silique length in BCP₁, BCP₂, and F₂ populations from the cross of ZS11×10D130

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	图3 中双11×10D130杂交组合3个分离世代群体果喙长的次数分布Fig. 3 Frequency distribution of beak length in BCP₁, BCP₂, and F₂ populations from the cross of ZS11×10D130

2.3 遗传模型选择

估算获得1对主基因(A类)、2对主基因(B类)、多基因(C类)、1对主基因+多基因(D类)、2对主基因+多基因(E类)共5类24种遗传模型的极大似然函数值和AIC值^{[ 13]}, 每个性状获得23种遗传模型的AIC值(表3)。根据遗传模型的选取原则, 即AIC最小准则^{[ 32]}, 选取AIC值最小及与最小AIC值比较接近的一组遗传模型作为备选模型。结果3个角果性状的AIC值主要以E类模型为较小, 其中果身长和角果长备选模型为E-0和E-1, 果喙长备选模型为E-1和E-3。

表3 中双11×10D130组合后代各遗传模型的AIC值 Table 3 AIC values of the genetic models from the cross of ZS11×10D130

表4 中双11×10D130组合后代备选遗传模型的适合性检验 Table 4 Test of goodness-of-fit in the selected genetic models from the cross of 10D130×ZS11

表5 10D130×中双11杂交组合角果长的一阶遗传参数估计值 Table 5 First order genetic parameters estimated for the fitting models from the cross of 10D130×ZS11

表6 10D130×中双11杂交组合角果长的二阶遗传参数估计值 Table 6 Second order genetic parameters estimated for the fitting models from the cross of ZS11×10D130

对备选模型进行一组( U₁²、 U₂²、 U₃²、 _n W²和 D _n)适合性检验(表4)表明, 果身长的E-0模型检验统计量达到显著水平( P<0.05)为0个, E-1模型有1个, 根据AIC值和达到显著水平统计量最少的原则, 果身长的最适模型为E-0 (2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因)。角果长和果喙长的2个备选模型检验统计量达到显著水平均为0个, 根据AIC值大小确定角果长的最适模型为E-1 (2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性多基因)、果喙长的最适模型为E-3 (2对加性主基因+加性-显性多基因)。

2.4 最适遗传模型遗传参数估算

根据选择的最优遗传模型估计3个性状最优遗传模型一阶、二阶遗传参数^{[ 13]}(表5和表6)。控制角果果身长的2对主基因加性效应值差别较大, 分别为1.75和-0.06, 第1对基因加性效应( d _a)作用大于第2对基因( d _b), 长角果亲本中双11加性效应大于短角果亲本10D130; 2对基因的显性效应值( h _a和 h _b)分别为-0.59和-0.86, 均为负值, 表明10D130显性效应作用大于中双11。2对基因的加性效应间互作( i)为-0.16, 显性效应间互作( l)为1.76, 2对基因加性和显性效应之间的互作( j _ab和 j _ba)分别为-0.81和0.20, 表明2对基因之间存在着明显互作, 对该组合果身长影响较大。2对基因的显性度( h _a/ d _a和 h _b/ d _b )分别为-0.34和13.77, 说明第1对主基因部分显性, 第2对基因超显性。BCP₁、BCP₂和F₂ 分离世代群体遗传率分别为80.26%、91.34%和90.89%, 其中主基因遗传率分别为51.10%、74.23%和66.93%, 多基因遗传率分别为29.16%、17.11%和23.96%, 主基因遗传率占总遗传率的比值分别为0.64, 0.81和0.74, 结果表明果身长主要受到2对主基因影响。3个分离世代群体环境因素引起的变异分别占19.74%、8.66%和9.11%。

控制角果长的2对主基因的加性效应( d _a和 d _b)大小相当, 都为0.34, 2对主基因的显性效应( h _a和 h _b)分别为-0.81和-0.476。2对主基因的加性互作效应( i)为-1.5, 显性互作效应( l)为1.75, 2对主基因加性和显性效应之间的互作( j _ab和 j _ba)分别为0.86和-0.17, 说明2对基因之间存在着明显互作。2对基因的显性度 h _a /d_a、 h _b /d _b分别为-2.38和-1.77, 均表现为超显性。多基因的加性累计效应[ d]为1.64, 显性效应[ h]为-0.90。BCP₁、BCP₂和F₂分离世代群体总遗传率分别为77.03%、89.40%和91.92%, 其中主基因遗传率分别为47.63%、68.51%和79.45%, 多基因遗传率分别为29.40%、20.89%和12.47%, 主基因遗传率和多基因遗传率的比值分别为1.63、3.28和6.25, 表明角果长主要受2对主基因的影响。3个分离世代中环境因素引起的变异分别占22.97%、10.60%和8.08%。

控制果喙长的2对主基因加性效应( d _a和 d _b)分别是0.20和-0.20, 微效多基因加性效应[ d]为0.18, 显性效应[ h]为0.29。BCP₁、BCP₂和F₂分离世代群体遗传率分别为73.79%、78.12%和79.85%, 其中主基因遗传率分别为33.71%、72.75%和52.25%, 多基因遗传率分别为40.08%、5.37%和27.60%。3个分离世代中环境因素引起的变异分别占26.21%、22.88%和20.15%。

3 讨论

角果在产量形成中具有重要的地位和作用, 是油菜产量构成的重要要素。本研究表明角果长度性状分为果身长(包含果喙长度)、有效角果长(不包含角果果喙的长度)和果喙长3个性状在2个亲本中差异均达到显著水平, F₁代均接近于中双11, 和10D130差异达到显著水平, 3个性状中长角果较短角果为显性性状, 但是从3个世代分离群体的频次分布来看, 3个性状均表现为连续分布, 不应该简单分组, 因此应采用植物数量性状主基因+多基因混合遗传模型进行遗传分析。

在现有的甘蓝型油菜品种资源中, 果身一般长度为6~8 cm, 近年来由于部分长角材料的发现, 角果长度的遗传相继有报道。Chay等^{[ 7]}利用经典遗传分析认为长角性状受2对主效基因的控制, 长角对短角为显性。危文亮^{[ 10]}用6个世代的遗传分析后认为角果长性状在双亲间存在2对基因的差异, 遗传符合加性显性二基因互作模型, 存在显著的上位性效应, 且存在超显性。王艳惠等^{[ 11, 12]}用世代均数法进行基因效应分析后认为, 角果长、果身长均符合加性-显性-上位性模型, 且以加性效应为主; 用主基因+多基因模型分析后认为, 2个组合的果身长、角果长均以C-0模型为最适遗传模型, 即受加性-显性-上位性多基因系统控制。我们用六世代群体联合遗传分析表明, 果身长、角果长和果喙长度均受2对基因控制, 其中角果长和有效角果长受2对加性-显性-上位性基因控制, 果喙长受2对加性效应为主的主基因控制, 同时3对性状也受微效多基因影响, 研究结果与以往研究也存在着差异^{[ 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12]}, 这可能与研究材料的遗传背景和研究方法不同有关。控制果身长的2对主基因加性效应分别为1.75和-0.06, 二者差异极大, 因此在果身长的选育过程中尤其要注重第1对基因的选择; 角果长的2对基因的加性效应值相等, 果喙长的2对主基因加性效应值作用方向相反, 大小相等, 这也为选育提供了理论依据。虽然F₁群体3个角果性状均接近于长角果材料, 但是从果身长和角果长的显性效应值均为负值, 与预期相反, 这可能与2对基因间复杂互作和多基因作用有关。因此, 适当的育种方法, 如回交育种和杂交育种, 可将长角果有利基因转育到相应的育种材料中。由于角果长度相关基因存在着明显的显性效应和基因互作, 因此, 适宜的杂交组合可以获得强杂种优势。从遗传率来看, 该组合角果长、果身长和果喙长的遗传率均大于70%, 且其中主基因遗传率大于多基因遗传率, 这表明角果长性状主要受遗传因素影响, 环境作用较小, 因此, 早期选择角果长性状是有效的, 且在选择中应优先考虑主基因的作用。

在植物主基因+多基因混合遗传模型联合分析方法中, 确定一个基因位点属于主基因或多基因是由其表型效应大小来决定的, 一般情况下, 主基因具有较高的遗传效应值, 在分离群体表现出多峰。本文研究结果表明, 有效角果长和果喙长分别由2对主基因控制, 虽然角果果身长包含了有效角果长和果喙长, 但是仍然由2对主基因作用, 这说明同样的基因对不同的性状作用效应值不同, 也表明主基因和多基因之间没有明显的划分标准, 对决定相关性状的主基因数目不能简单地相加或者相减; 从另外角度看, 角果果身长、果喙长和角果长之间也可能受同一主基因影响。已经有的研究结果表明, 植物数量性状的遗传模型分析分离方法与QTL检测主基因的数量相对一致^{[ 33]}, 由于该方法所推论的基因仅仅是一个概念上的基因, 很难作个别比较, 为了更好地解释控制角果长3个性状的基因数目多少、效应值大小和是否为同一基因, 有必要利用分子标记进行QTL定位研究。目前, 我们正利用SSR等分子标记对F₂群体开展角果长QTL分析, 初步研究结果已经证实“一因多效”的存在, 这为分子水平上进一步阐明这些基因的遗传效应、发掘与主基因紧密连锁的分子标记、实现油菜角果长分子标记辅助育种和基因克隆提供了前期研究基础。

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

作者已声明无竞争性利益关系。

参考文献

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2005

6.555

0.0

... 油菜角果作为油菜的结实器官, 不仅是重要的贮藏器官, 也是重要的光合器官, 具有“库”和“源”的双重作用^[1,2] ...

2012

3.658

0.0

... 油菜角果作为油菜的结实器官, 不仅是重要的贮藏器官, 也是重要的光合器官, 具有“库”和“源”的双重作用^[1,2] ...

1984

2.474

0.0

... 在油菜生长初期, 油菜的光合作用主要通过叶片和茎杆来完成, 但是当油菜进入到盛花期和角果快速生长时期, 角果及其内部籽粒的生长所需有机物大多都需要角果光合作用来提供, 叶片的作用减少^[3,4] ...

1992

0.0

1.667

. 1992, 18:250-257

Study on the sources of the dry matter in the seed of rapeseed

Jiangsu Agricultural College

Treatments of partial removal of leaves, shading and circumferential cutting ofpedicals were carried out and the accumulation of the dry matter in the stem andbranches of rapeseed plant was measured in order to study the influence of thephotosynthates and storage matter of different plant parts on t

本试验采用分部位去叶、遮光、环割果柄和测定茎枝的干物质积累等方法,研究了油菜的光合产物和贮藏物质对籽粒产量的影响,结果表明:(1)角果的光合产物是籽粒产量的主要来源,占2/3左右,其中果喙的光合产物约占籽粒产量的8％。(2)茎枝的光合产物对产量的贡献占13.5％,其中花序轴供给约5％。(3)茎枝中的贮藏物质对籽粒的灌浆结实

2011

6.736

0.0

... 因此, 角果的生长发育严重影响油菜的产量和品质^[5] ...

1996

0.0

... 角果长度是影响油菜产量的重要因素^[6], 与每果粒数、千粒重显著相关^[7,8] ...

1989

1.175

0.0

... 角果长度是影响油菜产量的重要因素^[6], 与每果粒数、千粒重显著相关^[7,8] ...

... 培养长角果可以提高油菜的产量潜力^[7], 角果长度主要受到核基因控制, 且不同的研究材料和杂交组合在不同的研究方法下具有不同的遗传模式^{[8,9,10,11,12]} ...

... Chay等^[7]利用经典遗传分析认为长角性状受2对主效基因的控制, 长角对短角为显性 ...

... 我们用六世代群体联合遗传分析表明, 果身长、角果长和果喙长度均受2对基因控制, 其中角果长和有效角果长受2对加性-显性-上位性基因控制, 果喙长受2对加性效应为主的主基因控制, 同时3对性状也受微效多基因影响, 研究结果与以往研究也存在着差异^{[7,8,9,10,11,12]}, 这可能与研究材料的遗传背景和研究方法不同有关 ...

2000

2.474

0.0

... 角果长度是影响油菜产量的重要因素^[6], 与每果粒数、千粒重显著相关^[7,8] ...

2008

0.0

2000

0.0

. 2000, 22:93-95

Studies of the inheritance of a long-pod mutant in Brassica napus L

用在中国发现的甘蓝型油菜长角果变异体的优良后代“鄂油长角”及短角果品种“中油821”为亲本，研究了角果长及与角果长密切相关的两个性状――千粒重和每果粒数的遗传。结果表明，角果长、千粒重、每果粒数3个性状受核基因控制，不存在任何形式的母性遗传。供试双亲间角果长性状存在2对基因的差异。长角果对短角果为显性。数量遗传分析表明，角果长、千粒重的遗传符合加性显性二基因互作模型，存在显著的上位性效应。角果长性状在两个基因座上呈联合分布,显性效应均大于加性效应，且存在超显性。千粒重性状以加性效应为主。 Abstract：Eryou long-pod,which was derived from the unique long-pod mutant discovered in China，was crossed with the commercial broad rapeseed cultivar Zhongyou 821.From the crossing six basic generations were generated for studying the genetical behaviors of pod length and two related characters i.e.1000?seed weight and seed number per pod.The results showed that the three characters were governed by nuclear genes.The difference in pod length between two parents was related to two loci.Generation mean analyses revealed that the 6?parameter mode was to interpret the inheritance of the characters studied and the epistasis was significant.Pod length mainly showed association of its genes and highly significant dominant effect,and even superdominant effect too.Meanwhile,additive effect was predominant in 1000-seed weight.

... 危文亮^[10]用6个世代的遗传分析后认为角果长性状在双亲间存在2对基因的差异, 遗传符合加性显性二基因互作模型, 存在显著的上位性效应, 且存在超显性 ...

2006

0.0

... 王艳惠等^[11,12]用世代均数法进行基因效应分析后认为, 角果长、果身长均符合加性-显性-上位性模型, 且以加性效应为主 ...

2009

0.0

... 王艳惠等^[11,12]用世代均数法进行基因效应分析后认为, 角果长、果身长均符合加性-显性-上位性模型, 且以加性效应为主 ...

2003

0.0

... 王建康等^[13]提出了分析主基因+多基因混合遗传模型的原则和步骤, 建立了多世代群体的联合分析方法, 近年已广泛应用到不同作物的不同性状上, 如水稻和小麦的抗病性^{[14,15,16,17]}、大豆的根系性状^[18]、棉花的耐低温^[19]、花生产量^[20]、黄瓜种子休眠^[21]、油菜的含油量和芥酸含量^[22,23,24]、油菜株高和抗倒性^[25,26]、油菜角果种子粒数和千粒重^[27,28]、油菜花色^[29]等性状, 并取得了很好的研究进展 ...

... 3 数据分析根据盖钧镒等^[13]和章元明等^[31]提出的植物数量性状主基因+多基因混合遗传多世代联合分析方法, 对油菜角果长性状进行联合分析, 采用极大似然法和IECM算法估计各世代、各成分分布的参数, 通过AIC值选择最佳模型^[32], 并进行一组适合性检验, 包括均匀性U₁²、U₂²和U₃²检验, Kolmo-Smimov检验(_nW²)和Kolmo-Gorov检验(D_n), 根据检验结果选择最优遗传模型 ...

... 最后采用最小二乘法依据最优模型的各成分分布参数估计各基因效应值、方差等遗传参数^[13] ...

... 3 遗传模型选择估算获得1对主基因(A类)、2对主基因(B类)、多基因(C类)、1对主基因+多基因(D类)、2对主基因+多基因(E类)共5类24种遗传模型的极大似然函数值和AIC值^[13], 每个性状获得23种遗传模型的AIC值(表3) ...

... 4 最适遗传模型遗传参数估算根据选择的最优遗传模型估计3个性状最优遗传模型一阶、二阶遗传参数^[13](表5和表6) ...

2013

0.0

1.667

. 2013, 39:642-648 DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2013.00642

Genetic analysis of common wheat cultivar Taikong 6 for resistance to Heterodera avenae Zhengzhou population

1 College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; 2 Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing 100081, China

Taikong 6 is a common wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar with high-yield and good agronomic performance bred by Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences with Satellite-loaded mutation breeding. This cultivar was shown to be resistant to H. avenaee Zhengzhou population in the conditions of repeated inoculation and field tests . In this study, Taikong 6 was crossed with the susceptible cultivars Yumai 47 to produce F 2 segregating population. Reactions of the F 2 progeny to H. avenaee Zhengzhou population was investigated in the field and inoculation tests. The results of genetic analysis showed that the cyst number of F 2 population was the quantitative character with a continuous and skewed distribution, indicating that there are major genes in Taikong 6. The method of joint segregation analysis of single generation of major gene plus polygene mixed inheritance model was used to analyze the inheritance of resistance to H. avenaee Zhengzhou population in Taikong 6, showing that the genetic model B-2 was the most fitted genetic model for the resistance for the cross of Yumai 47 × Taikong 6 in the conditions of inoculation and field tests. This indicates that the resistance to cereal cyst nematode in Taikong 6 is controlled by two major genes with additive-dominant effects plus polygene effect. The major gene heritability of resistance for the cross of Yumai 47 × Taikong 6 to H. avenaee Zhengzhou population in the conditions of inoculation and field tests was 73.54% and 86.90%, indicating the two major genes with the dominant role to resistance of Taikong 6 to H. avenaee Zhengzhou population.

通过多年接虫和田间病圃抗性鉴定，发现普通小麦品种太空 6 号对燕麦孢囊线虫 ( Heterodera avenae ) 郑州群体具有较好的抗性。以抗病品种太空 6 号为父本、感病品种豫麦 47 为母本配置杂交组合构建遗传分离群体，通过田间病圃鉴定和室内接虫鉴定对太空 6 号进行了抗性遗传分析，发现豫麦 47× 太空 6 号杂种 F 2 代单株孢囊量为连续分布，具有数量性状特征； F 2 代群体单株孢囊量分布图呈偏态分布，说明存在明显的主效基因。应用植物数量性状主基因 + 多基因混合遗传模型单个分离世代分析方法，分析豫麦 47× 太空 6 号杂种 F 2 代群体在室内接种二龄幼虫和田间病圃中对 H. avenae 郑州群体的抗性遗传效应均符合 B-2 模型，推测太空 6 号对 H. avenae 的抗性由 2 对主基因 + 多基因控制，主基因表现为加性 - 显性效应，在室内人工接种和田间病圃鉴定条件下主基因的遗传率分别为 73.54% 和 86.90% ，说明太空 6 号对燕麦孢囊线虫郑州群体的抗性是主效基因起主要作用。

2008

0.0

1.667

. 2008, 34:1728-1733 DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2008.01728

Genetic analysis of rice false smut resistance using major gene plus polygene mixed genetic model

Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science / Jiangsu High Quality Rice Research and Development Center, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China

Rice false smut, a fungus disease caused by Ustilaginoidea virens (Cooke) Takahashi, has become one of the most important rice diseases in China. It is of practical guiding significance to probe resistant mechanism for programming rice breeding for resistance to false smut. The present study was aimed to estimate the genetic model and genetic parameters of rice false smut resistance using the artificial inoculation technique to induce the rice false smut efficiently, and the disease rate index scored based on percentage of the infected grains. The experiment was conducted using 157 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) population of F10 derived from a cross of IR28 ( indica ) ´ Daguandao ( japonica ), two parents exhibited resistant and susceptible to rice false smut respectively. The results showed that the rice false smut resistance was controlled by two major genes plus polygene mixed ge-netic model (model E-1-3), and two major genes had equivalent additive effect of 11.41, their heritability was about 76.67%, while the heritability of polygene was about 22.86%. The resistance to rice false smut had significant major gene effect, and the results implied that not only major gene’s effect but also polygene’s effect should be considered in breeding for resistance to rice false smut.

稻曲病是由稻曲病菌引起的水稻真菌病害, 目前已上升为我国水稻主要病害之一, 探明水稻稻曲病的抗性遗传机制对制定抗病育种策略具有现实指导意义。本研究以病情指数为指标, 利用高效引发稻曲病人工接种方法对来自抗病亲本IR28(籼稻)与感病亲本大关稻(粳稻)组合的亲本及其衍生的F 10 代重组自交系群体(RIL)进行抗病性评价, 采用数量性状的主基因+多基因混合遗传模型对抗性的遗传模型进行判别与遗传参数的估计。结果表明, 水稻稻曲病抗性的遗传除受主基因控制外还受多基因的影响, 符合E-1-3遗传模型, 即2对主基因+多基因混合遗传模型, 2对主基因间表现为等加性作用, 加性效应为11.41; 主基因遗传率为76.67%, 多基因遗传率为22.86%, 抗性遗传存在明显的主基因效应。提示抗稻曲病育种时不仅要考虑主基因对抗病性的作用, 也不能忽视基因对抗性的影响。

2000

0.0

. 2000, 27:34-38

Major-polygene effect analysis of resistance to bacterial blight (Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae) in rice

1: Beijing Agricultural and Forest Academy Beijing Vegetable Research Center Beijing 100081 China 2: Heman Agricultural Academy Zhenzhou 450002 China 3: Department of Agronomy Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China

Five crosses between resistance and susceptible were analyzed to study major-polygene effect using major-polygene mixed mode. The result showed that 3 of 5 crosses were controlled by both major gene and polygene. In addition, there were large variation of additive effect, variance as well as heredity of major gene polygene in 3 crosses. Major gene was predominant in resistant variation, but durability should be considered. We suggested that construcr major-polygene system be constructed in the long run in breeding program to ensure a durable and high level of resistance to constrain fulctuation of races of Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae population.

利用主基因-多基因混合遗传模型分析了5个抗感交组合对水稻白叶枯病菌抗性的基因效应,结果表明5个组合中的3个在主基因抗性遗传符合孟德尔分离比的前提下存在多基因抗性,而且这3个组合彼此间抗病基因的加性效应、主基因和多基因遗传方差及其遗传率存在变异。说明水稻白叶枯病抗性虽以主基因作用为主,但考虑到抗性的持久性,建议在水稻白叶枯病育种中构建主基因-多基因混合遗传体系,以有效抑制白叶枯病菌群体中小种的波动。

2012

0.0

0.3579

2005

0.0

. 2005, 32:855-863

Identification of drought tolerant germplasm and inheritance and QTL mapping of related root traits in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)

1.Soybean Research Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University/ National Center for Soybean Improvement/ National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing 210095, China;2.Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Being 100101, China；3. Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China

Fifty nine accessions of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) selected from 301 ones from Huang-Huai-Hai and Middle-Lower Changjiang Valleys were tested in two years for their tolerance to drought by using the mean membership index value averaged over those of plant height, leave number, dry root weight and dry stem and leaf weight. Four most tolerant accessions (Rank 1) and two most sensitive ones (Rank 5) were identified. There existed very significant correlations between drought tolerance and relative values of dry root weight, total root length, and root volume (per plant dry weight basis), respectively, which could be used as root indicators of drought tolerance. The RIL population derived from Kefeng 1×Nannong 1138-2 was used to analyze the inheritance of the three relative root traits by using the segregation analysis of quantitative trait under the major gene plus polygene mixed inheritance model. The results showed that between the two parents (Rank 1×Rank 4), the relative values of dry root weight, total root length and root volume were respectively controlled by two major genes (linked together for the latter two traits, recombination value being 4.30% and 1.93%, respectively) plus polygenes with their major gene heritability values 62.26%–91.81% and polygene heritability values 2.99%–24.75%, indicating that major gene, especially the one with larger effect, accounted for a major part of the genetic variation between the two parents. There identified were five, three, and five QTLs located on N6-C2, N8-D1b+W, N11-E, and N18-K linkage groups for relative dry root weight, total root length and root volume, respectively. Each of the traits appeared to have one locus (Dw1, Rl1, and Rv1) with relatively large effect in comparison with their other loci, and those major ones were located at about a same site of a same linkage group N6-C2. The results between segregation analysis and QTL mapping appeared pretty consistent, therefore could be used for verification each other.

从301份黄淮海和长江中下游地区代表性大豆地方品种和育成品种(系)中按根系类型选取59份，在苗期干旱胁迫和非胁迫条件下对地上部和地下部性状进行2年重复鉴定，发现材料间性状隶属函数值具有丰富遗传变异，以株高、叶龄、根干重和茎叶干重隶属函数的算术平均数为抗旱综合指标从中筛选出汉中八月黄、晋豆14 、科丰1号、圆黑豆等强耐旱型（1级）和临河大粉青、宁海晚黄豆等干旱敏感型（5级）材料。比根干重、比总根长、比根体积与耐旱隶属函数平均值均呈极显著正相关，可作为耐旱性的根系性状指标。利用“科丰1号×南农1138-2” (1级×4级) 衍生的RIL群体为材料，对耐旱相关根系性状采用主基因+多基因混合遗传模型分离分析法进行遗传分析并进行QTL定位。结果表明，该两亲本间比根干重、比总根长、比根体积的遗传均为两对主基因加多基因模型，后两者主基因间有连锁（重组率分别为4.30%和1.93%）；主基因遗传率为62.26%–91.81%%, 多基因遗传率为2.99%–24.75%；耐旱相关根系性状各主要由1对主基因控制，另1对效应较小。QTL分析检测到5、3、5个QTLs分别控制比根重、比根总长、比根体积，位于N6-C2, N8-D1b+W, N11-E, N18-K连锁群上。3性状各有1个贡献率大的QTL（Dw1, Rl1, Rv1），而且均位在N6-C2的STAS8_3T-STAS8_6T相同距离的区段上, 其他QTLs效应均较小。分离分析与QTL定位的结果相对一致。

2012

0.0

. 2012, 11:537-544

Genetic analysis of cryotolerance in cotton during the overwintering period using mixed model of major gene and polygene

1.College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, P.R.China 2.Cotton Research Institute, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, P.R.China

The joint analysis of the mixed genetic model of major gene and polygene was conducted to study the inheritance of cryotolerance in cotton during the overwintering period. H077 (G. hirsutum L., weak cryotolerance) and H113 (G. barbadence L., strong cryotolerance) were used as parents. Cryotolerance of six generation populations including P1, P2, F1, B1, B2, and F2, from each of the two reciprocal crosses H077×H113 and H113×H077 were all investigated. The results showed that cryotolerance in cotton during the overwintering period was accorded with two additive major genes and additivedominance polygene genetic model. For cross H077×H113, the heritabilities of major genes in B1, B2, and F2 were 83.62, 76.84, and 90.56%, respectively; and the heritability of polygene could only be detected in B2, which was 7.76%. For cross H113×H077, the heritabilities of major genes in B1, B2, and F2 were 67.42, 68.95, and 83.40%, respectively; and the heritability of polygene was only detected in F2, which was 6.51%. In addition, the whole heritability in F2 was always higher than that in B1 and B2 in each cross. Therefore, for the cryotolerance breeding of perennial cotton, the method of single cross recombination or single backcross should be adopted to transfer major genes, and the selection in F2 would be more efficient than that in other generations.

2011

0.573

0.0

2013

1.44

0.0

2001

0.0

2006

0.0

. 2006, 33:171-180 DOI:10.1016/S0379-4172(06)60036-X

Genetic analysis of oil content in Brassica napus L. using mixed model of major gene and polygene

Abstract The joint segregation analysis of a mixed genetic model of major gene plus poly-gene was conducted to study the inheritance of oil content in Brassica napus L. Five populations, i.e the populations of 2 parents(P 1 and P 2 ), F 1 , F 2 and F 2:3 (derived from F 2 ) family, from each of the two crosses (1141B × Ken C 1 -1, 32B × Ken C 1 -2) were investigated. The frequency distributions of oil content in F 2 and F 2:3 family populations show characteristics of a mixed normal distribution, which indicated that the inheritance of oil content followed a major gene plus poly-gene model. Twenty-one genetic models were established, which could be classified into five types: one and two major genes, polygenes, one and two major genes plus polygenes. The most suitable genetic model could be selected using Akaike's Information Criterion and the fitness of the selected one could be examined by a set of tests. Results show that genetic model D-2 is the most fitting genetic model for the trait. In other words, oil content in oilseed rape is controlled by one additive major gene plus additive and dominance polygenes. For cross 1 (1141B × Ken C 1 -1) the heritabilities of major gene and poly-genes in F 2 are 68.21% and 27.17%, respectively, and in F 2:3 are 81.70% and 16.80%, respectively. The additive effect of major gene is–1.74, which indicates that the locus of the allele in parent 1141B may decrease the oil content, but that in parent Ken C 1 -1 may increase it. The additive and dominance effects of the polygenes are 1.20 and -1.93, respectively. For cross 2 (32B × Ken C 1 -2) the heritabilities of major gene and polygenes in F 2 are 66.20% and 28.10%, respectively, and in F 2:3 were 81.00% and 14.90%, respectively. The additive effect of major gene was -3.74, which also indicates that the locus of the allele in parent 32B may decrease the oil content, but that in parent Ken C 1 -2 may increase it. The additive and dominance effects are -1.99 and 0.93, respectively. The heritability of the major gene in F 2:3 is higher than that in F 2 in both crosses, so it would be more efficent to conduct selection in F 2:3 families for high oil content in breeding.

2007

0.0

1.667

. 2007, 33:1495-1501

Inheritance and QTL identification of oil content in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)

1 National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Innovation, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu; 2 Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China

Oilseed rape is one of the most important oil crops in China, and its oil content is a very important quantitative trait, which is easily affected by environment. Oil content in seeds of oilseed rape is mainly controlled by genes and affected by the interaction of genotype and environment. In the present research, a low oil content line APL01 ( Brassica napus L.) was crossed with a high oil content line M083 ( B. napus L.) to develop six basic populations (P 1 , P 2 , F 1 , B 1 , B 2 and F 2 ) for analysis of the genetic model. Results showed that seed oil content in this cross was controlled by an additive-dominance major gene plus additive-dominance-epistasis polygene. The heritabilities of major gene were 38.37%–47.16%, while those of the polygene were 24.29%-38.28%. A genetic linkage map of Brassica napus L. was constructed by BC 1 F 1 and 251 molecular markers, which contained 19 linkage groups. Five QTLs, qOC1 , qOC8 , qOC10 , qOC13-1 and qOC13-2 , related to seed oil content were identified from this cross by WinQtlCart 2.0. qOC1 was located in the region of m19e21c–A0214Ra142 on linkage group N1, which could explain 5.21% of the oil content variation in the population. qOC8 was located in the region of A0216Gb206-m5e42 on N8, and accounted for 6.34% of phenotypic variation. qOC10 was located between m15e48 and A0228Bb437 on linkage group N10 and explained 9.45% of phenotypic variation. qOC13-1 was located in the region of A0224Rb157–A0301Gb399 on linkage group N13, and accounted for 18.12% of phenotypic variation. qOC13-2 was located in the region of A0226Ba377–A0226Ba367 on linkage group N13, and accounted for 10.17% of phenotypic variation. Among these five QTLs, the positive effects of qOC10 and qOC13-2 loci for oil content were from APL01, while those of qOC1 , qOC8 and qOC13-1 loci from M083. The qOC13-1 with larger phenotypic effect could be regarded as major gene locus, and other four QTLs with relative smaller effects could be regarded as polygene loci.

利用主基因+多基因遗传模型对甘蓝型油菜品系APL01（低含油量亲本）与M083（高含油量亲本）杂交所获得的6个基本世代（P 1 , P 2 , F 1 , B 1 , B 2 , F 2 ）的含油量进行遗传分析，并以（APL01/M083）BC 1 F 1 为作图群体，利用251个分子标记，构建了由19个连锁群组成的分子标记遗传图谱，经WinQTLCart 2.0对种子含油量进行QTL扫描。结果表明，该杂交组合种子含油量由1对加性-显性主基因＋加性-显性-上位性多基因控制，主基因遗传率为38.37%~47.16%，多基因遗传率为24.29%~38.28%。共获得 qOC1 、 qOC8 、 qOC10 、 qOC13-1 和 qOC13-2 等5个与含油量相关的QTL，其中 qOC1 位于N1连锁群的m19e21c~A0214Ra142区间，可解释含油量表型变异的5.21%； qOC8 位于N8连锁群的A0216Gb206~m5e42区间，可解释含油量表型变异的6.34%； qOC10 位于N10连锁群的m15e48~A0228Bb437区间，可解释含油量表型变异的9.45%； qOC13-1 位于N13连锁群的A0224Rb157~A0301Gb399区间，可解释含油量表型变异的18.12%； qOC13-2 位于N13连锁群的A0226Ba377~A0226Ba367区间，可解释含油量表型变异的10.17%。5个QTL中 qOC10 和 qOC13-2 位点APL01对含油量的贡献为正值， qOC1 、 qOC8 和 qOC13-1 位点M083的贡献为正值。 qOC13-1 效应值较大，属主效基因位点，其余4个QTL效应相对较小，可作为多基因位点。

2008

0.0

1.667

. 2008, 34:376-381 DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2008.00376

Genetic analysis of lodging resistance with mixed model of major gene plus polygene in Brassica napus L

1 Agronomy College of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu; 2 Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China

Rapeseed is one of the most important oil crops in the world. Lodging damage results in not only lower seed yield and oil quality, but also easier infection to the infection of Sclerotinia and more difficulties for mechanized harvest. So it is of a great significance to study lodging resistance in B. napus L. However, lodging is a complex trait associated with several factors. It is difficult to evaluate in field. In this paper, inheritance of lodging resistance was analyzed applying the joint segregation analysis of a mixed genetic model of major gene plus polygene in six generations (P1, P2, F1, B1, B2, and F2 ) derived from two crosses of Zheping 1 (lodging resistance) × 04Pb11 (lodging) (Cross I) and Ning 1243 (lodging resistance) × 04Pb11 (Cross II) in B. napus L. Resistant pressure per plant (RPPP) was measured at flowering time by Digital Force Gauge, which was used to assess the ability of lodging resistance, and the correlation between RPPP and lodging scale was scored at mature time (r = -0.38, P≤0.01). The results showed that lodging resistance was dominated by two major genes with additive-dominance-epistatic effects plus polygenes with additive-dominance-epistatic effects (E-0 model) in Cross I, and two major genes with additive-dominance-epistatic effects plus polygenes with additive-dominance effects (E-1 model) in Cross II. The additive effects of two major genes in two crosses were more powerful than the dominant one (︱h/d︱＜1). On average, Hereditability of major genes (hmg2) was 54.71% in F2 population, and that of polygenes (hpg2) only detected in B1 population was 10.56%. It indicated that the lodging resistance in B. napus L. was dominated by major genes. In addition, the environmental variance and the genetic variance accounted for 46.57% and 53.43% of the phenotypic variance in each population respectively, indicating that the environmental factors have a great effect on lodging in B. napus L.. However, higher hereditability of major genes can be favorable to an efficient selection in early generation of lodging resistance breeding.

应用植物数量性状主基因+多基因混合遗传模型多世代联合分析方法，研究了甘蓝型油菜浙平1号×04Pb11(I)和宁1243×04Pb11(II)的P1、P2、F1、B1、B2和F2 6个世代初花期单株抗压力的遗传。结果表明：抗倒伏性状的遗传在组合I受2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因控制，在组合II受2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性多基因控制；2个组合中的2对主基因都以加性效应为主，都表现抗倒对易倒部分显性或完全显性，2对主基因间存在明显的基因互作效应；2个组合中，F2群体主基因遗传率平均为54.71%，而多基因遗传率只在B1群体中检测到，平均为10.56%，表明2个组合的抗倒伏性状是以主基因遗传为主，应在早期世代进行选择；2个组合各群体中，遗传变异平均占表型变异的53.43%，而环境变异平均占表型变异的46.57%，表明环境对油菜抗倒伏性状的影响比较大。

2013

0.0

1.667

. 2013, 39:207-215 DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2013.00216

Genetic analysis of plant type in semi-dwarf new line (10D130) of rapeseed

College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, South west University / Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education / Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, Chongqing 400716, China

Improvement of plant types is one of main methods to increase yield and qualities of rapeseed. D warf and semi-dwarf plant types help for enhancements of lodging resistance and harvest index. Six generations (P 1 , P 2 , F 1 , F 2 , B 1 , and B 2 ) were produced from a cross between semi-dwarf 10D130 and Zhongshuang 11 (ZS11) to analyze inheritances of plant height, branch height, length of main inflorescence, valid branch space and numbers of valid branch in rapeseed ( Brassica napus ) by the mixed major gene plus polygene inheritance model. The results showed that the plant height, branch height, length of main inflorescence and va lid branch space of 10D130×ZS11 were dominated by a pair of major gene with additive-dominant-epistasis effects plus polygenes with additive-dominance-epistasis effects (D-0 model). The additive effect and dominant effect of major gene of plant height were –8.58 and 7.44, and the heritability of the major gene in B 1 , B 2 , and F 2 was 23.52%, 0.91%, and17.81%, respectively. The additive effect and dominant effect of major gene of branch height were –22.11 and 3.13, and the heritability of the major gene in B 1 , B 2 and F 2 was 49.95%, 40.85%, and 61.15%, respectively. The additive effect and dominant effect of major gene of length of main inflorescence were –2.21 and 1.6, and the heritability of the major gene of length of main inflorescence in B 1 , B 2 , and F 2 was 0.68%, 47.94%, and 40.07%. The first valid branch space of 10D130×ZS11 was dominated by two pairs of major gene with additive-dominant-epistasis effects plus polygenes with additive-dominance-epistasis (E-1 model). The additive effects of major genes are –0.55 and 0.74, and the dominance effects of the two major genes were –1.66 and –1.29, respectively, and the heritability of the major genes in B 1 , B 2 ,and F 2 was 10.99%, 38.65%, and 44.10%. The branch height, length of main inflorescence, valid branch space and number of valid branch were significantly and positively correlated with plant height.

株型改良是油菜高产、优质育种的主攻方向之一。矮杆及半矮杆株型有利于提高植株抗倒伏能力和经济系数、减少收获难度。 10D130 是一个半矮杆新品系 , 用 10D130 和常规优良品种中双 11 杂交 , 构建 6 世代遗传群体 (P 1 、 F 1 、 P 2 、 B 1 、 B 2 和 F 2 ), 以主基因 + 多基因混合遗传模型对该组合株高及其关联性状进行遗传分析。结果表明 , 10D130× 中双 11 组合株高、分枝部位、主花序长度的遗传均受到 1 对加性 - 显性 - 上位性主基因 + 加性 - 显性 - 上位性多基因控制 (D-0 模型 ) 。其中 , 株高性状加性效应值为 –8.58, 显性效应值为 7.44, 主基因遗传率在 B 1 、 B 2 和 F 2 中分别为 23.52% 、 0.91% 和 17.81% ；一次有效分枝起始部位的 1 对主基因加性效应值为 –22.11, 显性效应值为 3.13, 主基因遗传率在 B 1 、 B 2 和 F 2 中分别为 49.95% 、 40.85% 和 61.15% ；主花序长的主基因加性效应值为 –2.21, 显性效应值为 1.6, 主基因遗传率在 B 1 、 B 2 和 F 2 中分别为 0.68% 、 47.94% 和 40.07% 。一次有效分枝间距的最适宜遗传模型为 E-1 模型 (2 对加 - 显 - 上位性主基因 + 加 - 显 - 上位性多基因混合遗传模型 ), 其中第 1 对主基因加性效应值为 –0.55 、显性效应值为 –1.66, 第 2 对主基因加性效应值为 0.74 、显性效应值为 –1.29, 均表现超显性遗传 , 主基因遗传率在 B 1 、 B 2 和 F 2 三个分离世代群体中分别为 10.99% 、 38.65% 和 44.10% 。一次有效分枝部位高度、主花序长、有效分枝节间距和有效分枝数与株高均呈显著正相关。

2004

0.0

1.667

. 2004, 30:1274-1277

Analysis of genetic system of 1000 seed weight in Brassica napus L

Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu

Genetic system of 1 000-seed weight in Brassica napus L. was studied by means of a joint segregation analysis in a multi-family generations (P1, F1, P2, B1∶2, B2∶2 and F2∶3) of HSTC14 × Ningyou 7. Results showed that genetic system of 1 000-seed weight of HSTC14 × Ningyou 7 was consisted of one

通过遗传差异较大的2个甘蓝型油菜（Brassica napus L.）纯系亲本组合（HSTC14×宁油7号）衍生后代的世代家系群体分析，应用主基因+多基因家系世代联合分离分析方法研究油菜千粒重的遗传体系。结果表明，甘蓝型油菜HSTC14×宁油7号组合千粒重遗传体系系由一对主基因+多基因构成，主基因中只有加性效应(d = 0.1062),不存在显

2010

2.474

0.0

2009

0.0

. 2009, 42:3987-3995

Genetic analysis of white flower color with mixed model of major gene plus polygene in Brassica napus L

（四川农业大学油菜研究中心/教育部作物基因资源与遗传改良重点实验室）

【Objective】 White flower color in Brassica napus L. was observed quantitatively and the genetic characteristics were analyzed in order to provide a theoretical basis for its applications in rapeseed breeding. 【Method】 Six generations (P1, P2, F1, B1, B2 and F2) of two crosses (HW243×HZ21-1, HW243×Zhongyou 821) were used as genetic populations and fresh petals were taken and scanned with a computer scanner. The characteristic values（CIE RGB system）of petal color were obtained with a self-designed computer software. The genetic characteristics of the white flower color were analyzed with a mixed model of major genes plus polygenes. 【Result】 It was found that the white flower color in Brassica napus L. appeared to be a quantitative trait and its inheritance fitted to a mixed genetic model of two major genes with additive-dominant-epistatic effects plus polygenes with additive-dominant-epistatic effects (the E-0 model). The additive, dominant and epistatic effects of major genes were all important. Heritabilities of the major genes were estimated to be 96.94% and 95.83% in F2, 54.58% and 49.57% in B1, 98.14% and 97.67% in B2. Heritabilities of the polygenes were estimated to be 3.93% and 2.47% in F2, 35.64% and 46.9% in B1, 0.98% and 2.06% in B2. 【Conclusion】 The white flower color in B. napus L. appeared to be a quantitative trait. Its inheritance fitted to a genetic model of two major genes with additive, dominant and epistatic effects plus polygenes with additive, dominant and epistatic effects. The effects of major genes were dominant and the effects of polygenes were relatively small. Heritabilities of the major genes were high, and environmental influence was small.

【目的】对甘蓝型油菜白花性状进行量化观察,研究其数量遗传特性,为育种利用提供理论依据。【方法】利用扫描仪和颜色提取软件对油菜新鲜花瓣进行处理,获得花瓣颜色特征值（CIE RGB值）,选择能反映花瓣颜色差异的B值,应用植物数量性状主基因+多基因混合遗传模型多世代联合分析方法,对甘蓝型油菜杂交组合（HW243×HZ21-1和HW243×中油821）的P1、P2、F1、B1、B2和F2世代群体进行分析。【结果】甘蓝型油菜白花性状表现为一数量性状,其遗传符合两对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因遗传模型,以主基因作用为主,多基因的作用相对较小。两对主基因的加性、显性和上位性效应均具有较大的作用。在F2群体中主基因的遗传率为96.94%和95.83%,多基因遗传率为3.93%和2.47%;在B1群体中主基因的遗传率为54.58%和49.57%,多基因遗传率分别为35.64%和46.9%;在B2群体中主基因的遗传率为98.14%和97.67%,多基因遗传率分别为0.98%和2.06%。【结论】甘蓝型油菜白花性状具有数量性状的遗传特性,其遗传符合两对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因遗传模型,以主基因效应为主,多基因效应相对较小。主基因的遗传力较高,受环境影响较小。

2009

0.0

... 10D130是由西南大学油菜工程技术中心从芥菜型油菜和羽衣甘蓝种间杂种后代中选育出来的高油黄籽半矮杆短角果稳定的高世代自交系(S₆)^[30], 角果长度在5~6 cm之间 ...

2003

2.0

0.0

1977

0.0

... 根据遗传模型的选取原则, 即AIC最小准则^[32], 选取AIC值最小及与最小AIC值比较接近的一组遗传模型作为备选模型 ...

2008

0.0

... 已经有的研究结果表明, 植物数量性状的遗传模型分析分离方法与QTL检测主基因的数量相对一致^[33], 由于该方法所推论的基因仅仅是一个概念上的基因, 很难作个别比较, 为了更好地解释控制角果长3个性状的基因数目多少、效应值大小和是否为同一基因, 有必要利用分子标记进行QTL定位研究 ...