甜高粱产量及品质相关性状对环境因子反应度分析

引用本文

唐朝臣, 罗峰, 李欣禹, 裴忠有, 高建明, 孙守钧. 甜高粱产量及品质相关性状对环境因子反应度分析. 作物学报, 2015, 41(10): 1612-1618
TANG Chao-Chen, LUO Feng, LI Xin-Yu, PEI Zhong-You, GAO Jian-Ming, SUN Shou-Jun. Responsiveness of Sweet Sorghum in Yield and Quality Related Traits to Environmental Factors. ACTA AGRONOMICA SINICA, 2015, 41(10): 1612-1618 复制到剪切板

Permissions

作物学报编辑部

甜高粱产量及品质相关性状对环境因子反应度分析

唐朝臣, 罗峰, 李欣禹, 裴忠有, 高建明, 孙守钧^*

天津农学院农学与资源环境学院, 天津 300384

^* 通讯作者(Corresponding author): 孙守钧, E-mail: sunshoujun@tjau.edu.cn

第一作者联系方式: E-mail: tangchaochen1988@163.com

收稿日期:2015-02-09 接受日期:2015-06-01 网络出版日期:2015-06-12

基金:本研究由天津市科技支撑计划项目(12ZCZDNC00100), 国家星火计划项目(2014GA610006), 国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503134), 天津市千人计划项目和天津市高校优秀青年教师资助计划

摘要

于2013年和2014年在天津、安徽、海南、黑龙江、新疆和内蒙古试验, 应用RBF网络模型、逐步回归等多元统计方法, 从区域的角度阐明甜高粱产量及品质相关性状与环境因子之间的关系, 明确影响目标性状的关键环境因子, 量化关键环境因子的作用程度, 剖析高产优质甜高粱对环境因子的要求并构建产量预测模型。结果表明, 环境(E)效应对甜高粱性状的影响很大, 大于基因型(G)和G×E互作效应; 甜高粱产量及品质相关性状对降水量、昼夜温差、土壤pH值、有机质、全氮和有效钾反应度较大; 土壤pH值、有机质和全氮为关键影响因子; 鲜重产量和茎秆相对总含糖量预测模型均通过显著性检验, 决定系数 R²值较高, 为可用模型。研究结果为中国甜高粱生态划区、栽培调控提供了理论依据, 使高产、优质得以充分的发挥。

关键词: 甜高粱; 性状; 环境因子; 反应度

Responsiveness of Sweet Sorghum in Yield and Quality Related Traits to Environmental Factors

TANG Chao-Chen, LUO Feng, LI Xin-Yu, PEI Zhong-You, GAO Jian-Ming, SUN Shou-Jun^*

College of Agronomy & Resources and Environment, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China

Abstract

The present study aims to elucidate the effects of environmental factors on the traits related to yield and quality in sweet sorghum, to quantify the responsive degree of sweet sorghum traits to the key factors, to analyze the requirements of environmental factors for high yield and quality, and to construct prediction models of yield. Based on the data of five traits and environmental factors obtained from six provinces of China in 2013 and 2014, we studied the responsiveness of sweet sorghum in five traits to environmental factors by the methods of RBF analysis and stepwise regression analysis. The results demonstrated that the environment was the dominant factor affecting the sweet sorghum traits, with greater effects than genotype and G×E interaction. Soil factors exerted more significant effects on sweet sorghum traits than meteorological factors. Precipitation, diurnal temperature difference, soil pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, and available potassium were important environmental factors determining fresh yield, sugar brix, juice yield, sugar yield and stem diameter in sweet sorghum. Organic matter, pH value and total nitrogen content of soil were the three most important environmental factors. The prediction models for fresh weight yield and total sugar yield were verified by significant test with high determination coefficient R². The paper provides an accurate and reliable theoretical basis for ecological region division, planting management, high yield and good quality in sweet sorghum.

Keyword: Sweet sorghum; Traits; Environmental factors; Responsiveness

Show Figures

甜高粱(Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)作为一种优质饲料作物和能源作物在许多国家有悠久的栽培历史^{[1, 2]}。在当今世界广泛关注能源危机和环境问题时, 甜高粱被公认为一种优质的生物质能源作物, 已排在众多能源植物前列^{[3, 4, 5]}。另外, 甜高粱具有适应性广、抗逆性强、耐盐碱等诸多特点, 可以有效利用干旱、盐渍化和瘠薄的边际土地^[6], 因此, 健全甜高粱产业技术体系, 对提高土地利用率、促进农村产业升级和农民增收具有重要意义, 符合我国经济转型背景下可持续发展战略。在甜高粱生产实践中, 产量和品质是品种的主要性状, 也是影响甜高粱有效利用的重要指标, 但甜高粱品种的这2个性状与其他作物相比表现出较大的不稳定性。具体表现是, 不同品种间鲜重产量和含糖量有差异; 同一品种不同地点间、同一品种、同一地点不同年份间或同一年份不同栽培技术间产量及品质相关性状均有差异^{[7, 8, 9, 10]}。出现这种现象, 无疑与环境因素有关, 其中包括可控的环境因素(栽培、土壤养分等)和非可控的环境因素(气象因子等), 而在两类因素中又可细分为许多单一因子。研究表明, 甜高粱的产量和品质除受遗传因素影响外, 全生育期内的光照、温度、降水量等气象因子及管理栽培措施、土壤因子对甜高粱的生长发育和光合产物形成也都有很大的影响^{[11, 12, 13]}; 产量及品质相关性状在单一环境下其遗传率较高, 但在不同环境下, 变异幅度较大, 环境效应甚至超过基因型和基因型与环境互作效应^{[14, 15, 16, 17]}。显然, 优良的品种和适宜的环境是甜高粱高产高糖的关键。虽然已知这些环境因素对甜高粱起综合作用, 但贡献度必有不同, 有些因子可能是限制因子, 而目前对单一因子的作用, 特别是对非可控环境因子的作用研究还相对薄弱。多根据某一地点的田间试验表现研究可控环境的作用; 试验环境单一, 主要环境因子相对稳定, 譬如气象因子和土壤因子等, 较难阐明各环境因子的综合作用。而我国气象、土壤条件的空间分布因地理位置的差异又有其独特的规律, 并且气象和土壤因子等自然要素对甜高粱的影响不是单一的, 往往是多个因素综合作用的结果, 因而不同地点种植的甜高粱, 其产量及品质相关性状有较大的差异^[18]。本试验首次利用自然和人工创造的不同环境多点试验, 系统分析环境因子与甜高粱产量及品质相关性状之间的关系, 明确起主导作用的环境因子, 量化关键环境因子的作用程度, 分析高产优质甜高粱最优环境因子并构建产量预测模型, 以期为中国甜高粱生态划区、栽培调控提供理论依据。

1 材料与方法

1.1 试验设计

试验于2013年和2014年在天津静海(38.59° N、116.59° E)、安徽含山(31.48° N、117.59° E)、海南三亚(18.22° N、108.59° E)、黑龙江大庆(46.45° N、124.55° E)、新疆阜康(44.10° N、88.17° E)和内蒙古乌拉特前旗(45.54° N、108.31° E)进行; 天津在不同地块分4个时期播种(天津1: 2013年5月4日、天津2: 2013年5月25日、天津3: 2013年6月14日和天津4: 2013年7月6日), 安徽为3个(安徽1: 2013年4月23日、安徽2: 2013年5月28日和安徽3: 2013年7月2日), 其他试验点均为1个播期。供试材料为辽甜3号、甜杂2号和Roma。采用统一设计方案: 随机区组排列, 3次重复, 小区面积37.5 m² (5.0 m × 7.5 m), 行距50 cm, 株距25 cm, 田间管理同大田。

1.2 相关性状值测定

本试验从影响产量和品质的诸多性状中, 选择实际产量及与含糖量相关性状、茎粗等主要性状进行测定。其中茎粗是既影响产量又影响品质的重要性状^[19]。甜高粱茎秆总含糖量是一个比较复杂的性状, 它受单株秆重、茎汁液糖锤度和出汁液率的影响^[20]; 多数育种者习惯于用茎汁液糖锤度来评价含糖量, 但仅用此指标是不够全面的^[21]; 因此, 本文采用经验公式计算得出一个参考值, 即相对总含糖量=茎秆鲜重× 糖锤度× 出汁液率。按统一方案采集各性状数据, 均取中间5行测定。调查性状有小区鲜重产量(y₁)、茎秆糖锤度(y₂)、出汁液率(y₃)、小区茎秆相对总含糖量(y₄)和中部节间茎粗(y₅)。田间测定植株鲜重、茎秆重、糖锤度、出汁液率和茎粗。小区鲜重产量和相对总含糖量由折算得出; 糖锤度由ATAGO数显锤度计测定压榨完整株混匀汁液得出; 采用同一手摇榨汁机, 按统一标准取鲜样压榨二遍, 出汁液率(%)=榨出汁液重/秆重× 100^[20]; 采用游标卡尺测量中部节间部位得出茎粗。

1.3 气象数据

气象因子有降水量(x₁)、日均温度(x₂)、日照时数(x₃)、≥ 10℃有效积温(x₄)和昼夜温差(x₅); 新疆试点气象数据由中国气象科学数据共享服务网提供(http://www.escience.gov.cn/metdata/page/index.html), 其他气象资料源自当地气象局。

$降水量 (P) = \sum_{i = 1}^{n} P_{i}$

$日均温度 (T_{D M}) = \sum_{i = 1}^{n} T_{D M_{i}} / n$

$日照时数 (H_{S}) = \sum_{i = 1}^{n} H_{S_{i}}$

$有效积温 (T_{A}) = \sum_{i = 1}^{n} T_{A_{i}} (\geq 10 ℃)$

$昼夜温差 (∆ T) = \sum_{i = 1}^{n} {∆ T}_{i} / n$ , 其中, n为生育期天数。

1.4 土壤数据

土壤pH值(x₆)、有机质(x₇)、全氮(x₈)、有效钾(x₉)和速效磷(x₁₀); 各试点采用五点取样法采集距地表0~20 cm土层的土壤, 四分法取土样1 kg, 分别过0.90 mm和0.15 mm筛孔。用pH计测定土壤pH值, TOP Instrument土壤养分速测仪测定有机质、有效钾和速效磷, 采用凯氏定氮法(DK8 Heating Digester, UDK142 Automatic Distillation Unit, 意大利VELP生产)测定土壤全氮^[22]。试点环境因子数据见表1。

1.5 统计分析

利用Microsoft Excel 2007和SPSS 19.0软件对试验数据进行方差和逐步回归统计分析。径向基函数(RBF)网络模型采用DPS 7.05统计分析软件。

2 结果与分析

2.1 甜高粱产量及品质相关性状基因型、环境及二者互作效应分析

甜高粱各性状的基因型(G)、环境(E)及G× E互作的F值均达极显著水平(表2), 从基因型、环境及二者间互作所占总平方和的百分比(P)来看, 环境变异占76.50%~ 84.73%, 基因型和交互作用所占的比例较小, 说明处理变异平方和绝大部分归因于环境间的差异, 环境对甜高粱产量及品质相关性状的影响很大。

表1 试点环境因子 Table 1 Environment factors in experimental locations

表2 甜高粱各性状方差分析结果 Table 2 ANOVA analysis results of traits

2.2 甜高粱产量及品质相关性状与环境因子的径向基函数(RBF)模型分析

采用非线性RBF网络模型分析, 试错法确定参数选定最优模型, 利用敏感性比值评价环境因子对甜高粱性状的重要程度; 敏感性比值是评估因子不存在时的误差与所有因子存在时的误差的比值, 比值大于1, 表明评估因子对目标性状影响重要^{[23, 24]}。由表3可知, 所有比值均大于1, 说明本试验选用的10个因子均为影响目标性状的重要敏感环境因子。土壤有机质、降水量和全氮为影响鲜重产量的前三位敏感因子; 糖锤度主要对昼夜温差、土壤pH值和有机质敏感; 土壤有机质、降水量和昼夜温差为影响出汁液率主要环境因子; 影响总含糖量前三位敏感因子为降水量、土壤pH值和有效钾; 降水量、昼夜温差和全氮对茎粗影响较大。

表3 影响甜高粱各性状的环境因子排序 Table 3 Ranking of environmental factors influencing traits of sweet sorghum

2.3 甜高粱产量及品质相关性状与环境因子逐步回归分析

为了确定影响甜高粱产量及品质相关性状的敏感环境因子并分析它们之间的数量关系, 采用逐步回归分析, 剔除未通过显著性检验的环境因子, 建立与结果性状的最优回归方程^[25]。回归方程决定系数均为0.5< R²< 1.0 (表4), 表明主要环境影响因子已基本考虑进去, 剩余因子 $e = \sqrt{1 - R^{2}}$ 包括其他影响较小的因子、未研究的环境因子和试验误差。结果表明: (1)降水量、土壤有机质、全氮和有效钾为鲜重产量主要影响因子, 全氮影响效应最大且为正。(2)昼夜温差、土壤pH值和速效磷为影响糖锤度的主要因子, 且均为正效应, 表明一定范围内上述因子越大, 糖锤度越高。(3)昼夜温差和土壤有机质为影响出汁液率的主要环境因子; 昼夜温差越大、土壤有机质含量越高, 甜高粱的出汁液率会越高。(4)降水量、≥ 10℃有效积温、土壤pH值和有效钾为影响总含糖量的主要因子; 土壤pH值贡献率最高, 且影响效应为正。(5)降水量、昼夜温差、土壤有机质、全氮和有效钾5个环境因子对茎粗的决定系数为70.6%, 为重要影响因子; 全氮的效应最大且为正, 表明在昼夜温差小、雨水充足、土壤高氮钾和低有机质的环境条件下茎秆较粗, 不易倒伏。

表4 影响甜高粱各性状的环境因子筛选和构建回归方程 Table 4 Stepwise regression analysis of traits and environmental factors in sweet sorghum

2.4 甜高粱鲜重产量和相对总含糖量预测模型构建

建立产量指标的预测模型, 模型为 $y = β_{1} x_{1} + β_{2} x_{2} + \dots β_{k} x_{k} + c$ , 其中y为某一甜高粱产量指标, x为环境因子指标, β 为偏相关系数。鲜重产量的预测模型为

$y_1= 4850.670–1.453x_1+77.482x_2+5.055x_3–0.851x_4–823.811x_5–297.654x_6–1792.171x_7+24500.084x_8+18.041x_9+0.529x_{10}$;

茎秆相对总含糖量的预测模型为

$y_4= 321.091–0.126x_1+6.846x_2–0.415x_3–0.067x_4–64.999x_5–21.704x_6–132.279x_7+1827.451x_8+1.403x_9+0.246x_{10}$。

模型拟合优度检验及方差分析结果表明(表5), 甜高粱鲜重产量和茎秆相对总含糖量预测模型均通过显著性检验, 上述模型为可用模型, 决定系数R²分别为0.768和0.820, 表明鲜重产量和相对总含糖量预测模型的可靠性达到76.8%和82.0%^[26]。

表5 甜高粱鲜重产量和相对总含糖量预测模型拟合度检验及方差分析 Table 5 Prediction model fit test and variance analysis for fresh weight yield and total sugar yield

3 讨论

美国生态学家R. F. Daubenminre (1947)将环境因子分为气象、土壤和生物3大类, 7个并列的项目为土壤、水分、温度、光照、大气、火和生物因子; 包括可控和非可控环境因子。现实很难将所有环境因子用于研究对作物有关性状的影响, 一般采用气象和土壤作为主要的环境因子^{[27, 28]}。从长期的甜高粱育种和栽培研究观察到, 其产量和品质相关性状是在一定的生态条件下形成的, 是不同环境因子综合作用的结果, 不同地区间环境因子存在着差异, 从而造成了产量和品质的地域差异。因此, 本试验从区域的角度研究气象及土壤因子共同作用下对甜高粱目标性状的影响。鉴于甜高粱性状与环境因子间关系的复杂性、重要性, 很难用某一种分析方法全面客观地得出影响目标性状的关键环境因子; RBF神经网络具备较强的非线性问题求解能力, 能以任意精度全局逼近一个非线性函数, 已在很多领域得到广泛应用^[29]; 因此, 本文应用非线性和多元线性回归的方法分析目标性状对环境因子反应度, 剖析影响产量及品质相关性状的主要环境因子和关键环境因子。同时表明, 综合多种统计分析方法可以有效地避免单一分析方法的局限性, 得出的结果才更加准确可靠。

本试验从307份(本课题组现有的种质资源)甜高粱材料中选出3个稳定性相对较好的, 经国家审(鉴)定并长期栽培利用的甜高粱品种, 其产量和品质相关性状在不同试点仍表现不同, 绝大部分归因于环境间的差异, 但也不排除与本试验选用的基因型数相对偏少有关。生育期内各环境因子对目标性状的影响并不是孤立的, 不同的环境因子对各性状影响的大小和方式均不同, 这些因子的影响是综合的, 且是相互联系和相互制约的。气象、土壤因子均为影响甜高粱产量和品质的重要条件, 但相比之下, 土壤因子的作用大于气象因子^[30]。降水量和昼夜温差为重要气象影响因子, 土壤pH值、有机质、全氮和有效钾为重要土壤影响因子。有研究表明, 高海拔会导致甜高粱产量和糖锤度下降^[10]; 高纬度有利于营养生长, 可提高糖锤度, 低纬度生育期缩短, 因过早开花而产量降低^[31]; 海拔和纬度的变化主要是温度和日照时数的变化, 二者主要通过对环境因子的显著作用来影响甜高粱相关性状^[32]。

甜高粱鲜重产量对降水量、土壤有机质、全氮和有效钾的反应度较大; 其中土壤全氮影响最大, 为关键因子, 即在全氮含量较高的土壤或施氮肥可获得较高产量^[33]。糖锤度主要受昼夜温差、土壤pH值、有机质和速效磷的影响; 土壤pH值为关键因子, 即相对于碱性土壤, 酸性土壤更能降低糖锤度, 在一定范围内高pH值对糖锤度有提高作用, 与甜高粱耐盐碱特性有关, 说明种植甜高粱是利用和改良我国大面积盐碱土较为经济有效且可行的方法之一。出汁液率主要受降水量、昼夜温差和有机质的影响, 有机质为关键环境因子且为正效应。相对总含糖量主要受降水量、≥ 10℃有效积温、土壤pH值和有效钾的影响; 关键因子是土壤pH值, 为正效应, 这与陈杉艳等报道pH值与苹果总糖有较高正相关的结果吻合^[34]。茎粗主要受降水量、昼夜温差、有机质、全氮和有效钾的影响, 其中全氮为关键因子, 在全氮含量较高的土壤种植甜高粱, 其茎秆有较大的库容量, 且不易倒伏。本研究通过10个环境因子建立鲜重产量和相对总含糖量预测模型均通过显著性检验, 决定系数R²值较高, 为可用模型。

致谢

天津市静海县和内蒙古乌拉特前旗的气象数据为当地气象局免费提供; 新疆气象数据由中国气象科学数据共享服务网提供; 黑龙江试点得到了大庆市老虎山生态园的大力支持, 在此对上述单位表示诚挚的谢意。同时也要感谢谢晓东研究员在本文撰写中给予的帮助。

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

作者已声明无竞争性利益关系。

参考文献

View Option

[1]	张苏江, 艾买尔江·吾斯曼, 薛兴中, 张晓, 郭雪峰, 陈立强. 南疆玉米和不同糖分甜高粱的青贮品质分析. 草业学报, 2014, 23: 232-240 Zhang S J, Amerjan Osman, Xue X Z, Zhang X, Guo X F, Chen L Q. Quality analysis on different sweet sorghum silages in southern Xinjiang compared with a corn silage. Acta Pratac Sin, 2014, 23: 232-240 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1]
[2]	Oliver A L, Grant R J, Pedersen J F, O’Rear J. Comparison of brown midrib-6 and -18 forage sorghum with conventional sorghum and corn silage in diets of lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci, 2004, 87: 637-644 [本文引用:1]
[3]	黎大爵. 甜高粱可持续农业生态系统研究. 中国农业科学, 2002, 35: 1021-1024 Li D J. Studies on sustainable agro-ecology system of sweet sorghum. Sci Agric Sin, 2002, 35: 1021-1024 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1]
[4]	肖明松, 杨家象. 甜高粱茎秆固体发酵制取乙醇产业化示范工程. 农业工程学报, 2006, 22(增刊): 207-210 Xiao M S, Yang J X. Showcase project: ethanol production through solid fermentation of sweet sorghum stalks. Trans CSAE, 2006, 22(suppl): 207-210 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1]
[5]	Belum V S R, Ramesh S, Kumar A A, Wani S P, Ortiz R, Ceballos H, Sreedevi T K. Biofuel crops research for energy security and rural development in developing countries. BioEnergy Res, 2008, 1: 248-258 [本文引用:1]
[6]	刘公社, 周庆源, 宋松泉, 景海春, 谷卫彬, 李晓峰, 苏蔓. 能源植物甜高粱种质资源和分子生物学研究进展. 植物学报, 2009, 44: 253-261 Liu G S, Zhou Q Y, Song S Q, Jing H C, Gu W B, Li X F, Su M. Research advances into germplasm resources and molecular biology of the energy plant sweet sorghum. Chin Bull Bot, 2009, 44: 253-261 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1]
[7]	Olweny C, Abayo G, Dida M, Okori P. Screening of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L. ) Moench) varieties for sugar and biomass production. Sugar Tech, 2013, 15: 258-262 [本文引用:1]
[8]	Almodares A, Taheri R, Adeli S. Inter-relationship between growth analysis and carbohydrate contents of sweet sorghum cultivars and lines. J Environ Biol, 2007, 28: 527-531 [本文引用:1]
[9]	冯国郡, 叶凯, 涂振东. 时空变化对甜高粱农艺性状的影响及分析. 新疆农业科学, 2010, (2): 285-290 Feng G J, Ye K, Tu Z D. Effects of different spatial variances on agronomic character of sweet sorghum and its analysis. Xinjiang Agric Sci, 2010, (2): 285-290 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1]
[10]	李春喜, 冯海生. 甜高粱在青海高原不同海拔生态区的适应性研究. 草业学报, 2013, 22(3): 51-59 Li C X, Feng H S. A study on the adaptability of sweet sorghum planted in different altitudinal areas of the Qinghai plateau. Acta Pratac Sin, 2013, 22(3): 51-59 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:2]
[11]	王岩, 黄瑞冬. 种植密度对甜高粱生长发育、产量及含糖量的影响. 作物杂志, 2008, (3): 49-51 Wang Y, Huang R D. Effect of plant density on growth, yield and sugar content of sweet sorghum. Crops, 2008, (3): 49-51 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1]
[12]	吉春容, 邹陈, 再吐尼古丽·库尔班, 叶凯. 不同播期下甜高粱含糖量变化及其与气象因子的关系. 沙漠与绿洲气象, 2013, 7(3): 62-66 Ji C R, Zou C, Zaituniguli K, Ye K. Change of sugar contents and its relationship with meteorological factors among different sowing dates of sweet sorghum. Desert Oasis Meteor, 2013, 7(3): 62-66 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1]
[13]	Motzo R, Giunta F, Deidda M. Relationships between grain- filling parameters, fertility, earliness and grain protein of durum wheat in a Mediterranean environment. Field Crops Res, 1996, 47: 129-143 [本文引用:1]
[14]	Umakanth A V, Patil J V, Rani C, Gadakh S R, Kumar S S, Rao S S, Kotasthane T V. Combining ability and heterosis over environments for stalk and sugar related traits in sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L. ) Moench). Sugar Tech, 2012, 14: 237-246 [本文引用:1]
[15]	Rao P S, Reddy P S, Rathore A, Reddy B V S, Panwar S. Application GGE biplot and AMMI model to evaluate sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) hybrids for genotype × environment interaction and seasonal adaptation. Indian J Agric Sci, 2011, 81: 438-444 [本文引用:1]
[16]	Rao S S, Patil J V, Prasad P V V, Reddy D C S, Mishra J C, Umakanth A V, Reddy B V S, Kumar A A. Sweet sorghum planting effects on stalk yield and sugar quality in semi-arid tropical environment. Agron J, 2013, 105: 1458-1465 [本文引用:1]
[17]	陈展宇, 邓川, 边鸣镝, 白忠义, 杨振明. 不同生态环境对甜高粱生长、糖锤度及产量的影响. 作物杂志, 2013, (1): 58-62 Chen Z Y, Deng C, Bian D M, Bai Z Y, Yang Z M. The effects of different habitats on the growth, brix degree and yield of Sorghum bicolor L. Crops, 2013, (1): 58-62 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1]
[18]	杨丽萍, 朱振林, 李新华, 郭洪海, 万书波, 季明川. 基于GIS技术探讨我国花生品质空间分异规律. 安徽农业科学, 2012, 40: 17399-17401 Yang L P, Zhu Z L, Li X H, Guo H H, Wan S B, Ji M C. Discussion on spatial distribution differentiation law of peanut quality in China based on GIS technology. J Anhui Agric Sci, 2012, 40: 17399-17401 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1]
[19]	韩立朴, 马凤娇, 谢光辉, 刘金铜. 甜高粱生产要素特征、成本及能源效率分析. 中国农业大学学报, 2012, 17(6): 56-69 Han L P, Ma F J, Xie G H, Liu J T. Analysis of sweet sorghum’s characteristic of production factor, cost and energy efficiency. J China Agric Univ, 2012, 17(6): 56-69 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1]
[20]	卢峰, 邹剑秋, 段有厚, 吕香玲. 甜高粱茎秆含糖量相关性状的遗传分析. 中国农业大学学报, 2012, 17(6): 111-116 Lu F, Zou J Q, Duan Y H, Lü X L. Genetic analysis of stalk sugar content related traits in sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). J China Agric Univ, 2012, 17(6): 111-116 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:2]
[21]	卢峰, 吕香玲, 邹剑秋, 段有厚. 甜高粱茎秆含糖量遗传研究进展. 作物杂志, 2011, (2): 8-12 Lu F, Lü X L, Zou J Q, Duan Y H. Research advances in inheritance of stalk sugar content in sweet sorghum, Crops, 2011, (2): 8-12 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1]
[22]	王大勇, 刘涛, 郭慕萍, 张永清. 豆科植物对不同深度土壤水分及养分含量的影响. 土壤通报, 2013, 44: 551-555 Wang D Y, Liu T, Guo M P, Zhang Y Q. Effects of perennial leguminous plants on moisture and nutrients in different soil depths. Chin J Soil Sci, 2013, 44: 551-555 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1]
[23]	娄伟平, 吉宗伟, 温华伟. 龙井43春季茶叶生化成分对气象因子的敏感性分析. 生态学杂志, 2014, 33: 328-334 Lou W P, Ji Z W, Wen H W. Sensitivity analyses of biochemical components of the spring tea Longjing 43 to meteorological factors. Chin J Ecol, 2014, 33: 328-334 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1]
[24]	王大成, 李存军, 宋晓宇, 王纪华, 黄文江, 王俊英, 周吉红, 黄敬峰. 基于神经网络的冬小麦蛋白质含量关键生态影响因子分析. 农业工程学报, 2010, 26(7): 220-226 Wang D C, Li C J, Song X Y, Wang J H, Huang W J, Wang J Y, Zhou J H, Huang J F. Analysis of identifying important ecological factors influencing winter wheat protein content based on artificial neural networks. Trans CSAE, 2010, 26(7): 220-226 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1]
[25]	李新华, 郭洪海, 杨丽萍, 杨萍, 万书波. 气象因子对花生品质的影响. 中国农学通报, 2010, 26(16): 90-94 Li X H, Guo H H, Yang L P, Yang P, Wan S B. The effect of climatic factors on peanut quality. Chin Agric Sci Bull, 2010, 26(16): 90-94 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1]
[26]	胡标林, 万勇, 李霞, 雷建国, 罗向东, 严文贵, 谢建坤. 水稻核心种质表型性状遗传多样性分析及综合评价. 作物学报, 2012, 38: 829-839 Hu B L, Wan Y, Li X, Lei J G, Luo X D, Yan W G, Xie J K. Analysis on genetic diversity of phenotypic traits in rice (Oryza sativa) core collection and its comprehensive assessment. Acta Agron Sin, 2012, 38: 829-839 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1]
[27]	刘明, 齐华, 张振平, 梁熠, 于吉琳, 吴亚男, 贾倩. 不同环境因子对玉米叶绿素荧光特性的影响. 华北农学报, 2010, 25(6): 198-204 Liu M, Qi H, Zhang Z P, Liang Y, Yu J L, Wu Y N, Jia Q. Effects of environment factor on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters on maize. Acta Agric Boreali-Sin, 2010, 25(6): 198-204 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1]
[28]	吴统贵, 周和锋, 吴明, 萧江华, 蒋科毅. 旱柳光合作用动态及其与环境因子的关系. 生态学杂志, 2008, 27: 2056-2061 Wu G T, Zhou H F, Wu M, Xiao J H, Jiang K Y. Dynamics of Salix matsudana photosynthesis and its relations to environmental factors. Chin J Ecol, 2008, 27: 2056-2061 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1]
[29]	王炜, 吴耿锋, 张博锋, 王媛. 径向基函数RBF神经网络及其应用. 地震, 2005, 25(2): 19-25 Wang W, Wu G F, Zhang B F, Wang Y. Neural networks of radial basis function (RBF) and its application to earthquake prediction. Earthquake, 2005, 25(2): 19-25 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1]
[30]	陈国平, 陆卫平, 王忠孝. 土壤和空间因子对玉米产量的影响. 玉米科学, 2000, 8(2): 38-40 Chen G P, Lu W P, Wang Z X. Influence of soil and spatial factor to Maize yield. J Maize Sci, 2000, 8(2): 38-40 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1]
[31]	宋广巍, 黎大爵. 纬度对甜高粱营养生长和籽粒产量的影响. 植物资源与环境, 1999, 8(4): 30-36 Song G W, Li D J. The effect of latitude on the vegetative growth and seed yield of sweet sorghum. J Plant Resour Environ, 1999, 8(4): 30-36 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1]
[32]	黄芬, 朱艳, 姜东, 荆奇, 曹卫星. 基于模型与GIS的小麦籽粒品质空间差异分析. 中国农业科学, 2009, 42: 3087-3095 Huang F, Zhu Y, Jiang D, Jing Q, Cao W X. Spatial variation analysis of wheat grain quality based on model and GIS. Sci Agric Sin, 2009, 42: 3087-3095 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1]
[33]	唐朝臣, 罗峰, 高建明, 裴忠有, 李欣禹, 孙守钧. 盐碱土壤施肥对甜高粱生物产量、糖锤度及相关性状的影响. 黑龙江农业科学, 2014, (7): 46-50 Tang C C, Luo F, Gao J M, Pei Z Y, Li X Y, Sun S J. Effects of in the saline land fertilization on biomass, sugar brix and related traits of sweet sorghum. Heilongjiang Agric Sci, 2014, (7): 46-50 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1]
[34]	陈杉艳, 王蜀, 张海宁, 邵抚民, 马玉梅, 杨东生, 罗志伟. 矮化密植苹果园土壤养分对果实品质的影响. 北方园艺, 2014, (23): 161-164 Chen S Y, Wang S, Zhang H N, Shao F M, Ma Y M, Yang D S, Luo Z W. Correlation analysis between soil nutrients and fruit qualities in short-stalk close planting apple orchard. Northern Hortic, 2014, (23): 161-164 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1]

2014

0.0

张苏江, 艾买尔江·吾斯曼, 薛兴中, 张晓, 郭雪峰, 陈立强. 南疆玉米和不同糖分甜高粱的青贮品质分析. 草业学报, 2014, 23: 232-240

Zhang S

, Amerjan

Osman

, Xue X

, Zhang

, Guo X

, Chen L

Quality analysis on different sweet sorghum silages in southern Xinjiang compared with a corn silage. Acta Pratac Sin, 2014, 23: 232-240 (in Chinese with English abstract)

To select sweet sorghum varieties suitable for making good silage in southern Xinjiang, the sensory traits and nutrient content in different kinds of sweet sorghum silage and maize silage were evaluated. Six varieties of sweet sorghum with different sugar contents and one maize variety were chosen to make silage in plastic cans. 1) The success rate was 100% in the ensiling from Xin-sorghum No.2, Cowley and Rio. The pH in the silage was less than 4.12 and the sensory evaluation was excellent. For Tian-si No.1 and maize, the success rate was 80%, the pHs were 4.27 and 4.18 respectively, and the sensory evaluation was good. For Hunnigreen, the success rate was 40%, pH was 4.97 with sensory evaluation a medium grade 3. For X096 the success rate was 20%, pH 5.31 and it was rated as 4-corruption. Rio, Cowley, Xin-sorghum No.2 and maize silages had higher levels of lactic acid and lower level of butyric acid, while the silages made from X096, Hunnigreen sweet sorghum had more butyric acid and less lactic acid. 2) Water content was highest in Hunnigreen sweet sorghum silage ( P <0.05) and lowest in X096 sweet sorghum silage ( P <0.05). The crude protein contents in the silages from sweet sorghum Rio, Cowley and maize were more than 7%, which was significantly ( P <0.05) higher than those in other silages, with minimum crude protein content being 5.7% from X096. Crude fat content in sweet sorghum Cowley silage was 3.30%, was significantly ( P <0.05) higher than those in other silages. Water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) contents in Cowley and Rio sweet sorghum silages were more than 4.5%, significantly ( P <0.05) higher than those in the silages from other varieties. The WSC content in maize silage was larger than those in X096 and Tian-si No.1 sweet sorghum silages. 3) The contents of crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber in X096 silage were higher compared to other silages ( P <0.05), but the amounts of such components were almost the same in Rio, Cowley and Tian-si No.1 ( P >0.05). 4) There were no significant differences between the silages in the contents of ash, calcium and phosphorus. The results suggested that choosing sweet sorghum Xin-sorghum No.2, Cowley and Rio instead of maize to make silage is possible in Southern Xinjiang. In order to reduce moisture, it is better to delay harvesting or to dry for a short time before making silage using Hunnigreen sweet sorghum as the raw material.

为筛选适宜南疆地区的青贮甜高粱品种,采用罐装青贮的方法,以青贮玉米为对照,研究了糖分含量存在差异的6个品种甜高粱青贮的感观性状及其营养成分。结果显示,1)新高粱2号、考利和丽欧3个甜高粱品种青贮成功率均达到了100%,pH值小于4.12,感官评价为1级优等。甜饲1号和玉米青贮成功率为80%,pH值分别为4.27和4.18,感官定级为2级尚好。大力士青贮成功率为40%,pH值为4.97,感官定级为3级中等。X096青贮成功率为20%,pH 5.31,定级为4级腐败。丽欧、考利、新高粱2号及玉米青贮的乳酸含量较高,丁酸含量较低;而X096、大力士青贮丁酸含量偏高,乳酸含量则较低。2)大力士甜高粱青贮水分含量最高( P <0.05),X096甜高粱青贮饲料水分含量最低( P <0.05)。甜高粱丽欧、考利和玉米青贮饲料的粗蛋白含量均超过了7%,显著高于其他各青贮样本( P <0.05),X096青贮饲料粗蛋白质含量最低( P <0.05)。粗脂肪含量以考利甜高粱青贮饲料最高,为3.30%,显著高于玉米、大力士和X096青贮饲料( P <0.05)。考利和丽欧甜高粱青贮饲料水溶性碳水化合物(water soluble carbohydrate, WSC)含量均超过了4.5%,显著高于其他各青贮饲料WSC含量( P <0.05)。青贮玉米WSC含量高于X096和甜饲1号。3)粗纤维、中性洗涤纤维及酸性洗涤纤维含量,以X096甜高粱青贮最高( P <0.05),丽欧、考利、甜饲1号和玉米青贮基本在同一水平( P >0.05)。4)各品种甜高粱及玉米青贮的灰分、钙、磷含量无显著性差异( P >0.05)。可见,在南疆可选择新高粱2号、考利、丽欧等甜高粱品种替代玉米来制作青贮饲料;选择大力士制作青贮,应采取延迟收割或晾晒等方法,以降低青贮前水分偏高的问题。

... Moench)作为一种优质饲料作物和能源作物在许多国家有悠久的栽培历史^[1,2] ...

2004

0.0

... Moench)作为一种优质饲料作物和能源作物在许多国家有悠久的栽培历史^[1,2] ...

2002

0.0

黎大爵. 甜高粱可持续农业生态系统研究. 中国农业科学, 2002, 35: 1021-1024

Li D

Studies on sustainable agro-ecology system of sweet sorghum. Sci Agric Sin, 2002, 35: 1021-1024 (in Chinese with English abstract)

甜高粱的生物学产量极高 ,故有“高能作物”之称 ,本系统以甜高粱作为龙头 (主培作物 ) ,在甜高粱田间套种木耳或其它食用菌 ,其籽粒作粮食、饲料 ,叶片喂奶牛和鱼 ,茎秆酿酒或制酒精燃料 ,酒糟喂奶牛产牛乳 ,牛粪及作物残渣作沼气原料 ,沼气供照明、煮饭或用于塑料大棚中给蔬菜加光、增温、提高CO2 浓度 ,沼肥还田 ,从而形成了农村能源自给 ,农、牧、副、渔业共同发展的可持续农业生态系统。该系统具有较高的经济效益 ,每公顷产值可达 18万元 ,为一般大田作物的 10～ 2 0倍。具有一定独创性、实用性和前瞻性 ,可在适宜栽培甜高粱的地区推广应用。

... 在当今世界广泛关注能源危机和环境问题时, 甜高粱被公认为一种优质的生物质能源作物, 已排在众多能源植物前列^[3,4,5] ...

2006

0.0

肖明松, 杨家象. 甜高粱茎秆固体发酵制取乙醇产业化示范工程. 农业工程学报, 2006, 22(增刊): 207-210

Xiao M

, Yang J

Showcase project: ethanol production through solid fermentation of sweet sorghum stalks. Trans CSAE, 2006, 22(suppl): 207-210 (in Chinese with English abstract)

摘　要：甜高粱茎秆固体发酵制取乙醇产业化示范工程是国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)《甜高粱茎秆制取乙醇》(课题编号:2001AA 514040)项目中示范工程之一,本文简要的论述了利用甜高粱茎秆固体发酵工艺技术建成年产5000 t乙醇的产业化示范工程。该工艺设备简单,对环境条件要求不高,一次性投资,适宜在经济技术不发达的农村地区推广应用,发酵期间和蒸馏过程没有污水排放。当生产设施机械化程度配置较低时,整个生产过程需消耗大量劳力,工程运行期间可充分安排冬季农闲时的劳动力。

... 在当今世界广泛关注能源危机和环境问题时, 甜高粱被公认为一种优质的生物质能源作物, 已排在众多能源植物前列^[3,4,5] ...

2008

0.0

... 在当今世界广泛关注能源危机和环境问题时, 甜高粱被公认为一种优质的生物质能源作物, 已排在众多能源植物前列^[3,4,5] ...

2009

0.0

刘公社, 周庆源, 宋松泉, 景海春, 谷卫彬, 李晓峰, 苏蔓. 能源植物甜高粱种质资源和分子生物学研究进展. 植物学报, 2009, 44: 253-261

Liu G

, Zhou Q

, Song S

, Jing H

, Gu W

, Li X

, Su

Research advances into germplasm resources and molecular biology of the energy plant sweet sorghum. Chin Bull Bot, 2009, 44: 253-261 (in Chinese with English abstract)

In light of the world’s energy crisis and the fast deterioration of the global environment, the development of renewable energy sources is urgently needed. The importance of biomass energy as a clean, renewable energy source has been recognized. Increasing a plant’s biomass is a bottleneck to overcome in developing bioenergy. Sweet is high in biomass production and sugar content, tolerates drought, water logging, low fertility, high salinity and alkalinity of the soil; And is regarded as an energy crop with great potential for improvement. This paper reviews the recent advances and problems in research into the taxonomy, biological characteristics, germplasm evaluation and genome information of sweet sorghum. It discusses the prospects of research and development of sweet sorghum as an energy crop.

世界能源危机和全球生态环境日益恶化迫使人们急需开发可再生能源。生物质能源作为一种清洁的可再生能源已受到世界各国的高度重视。发展生物质能源的瓶颈之一是生物质原料不足。甜高粱的生物学产量和含糖量极高, 同时兼有耐旱、耐涝、耐贫瘠和耐盐碱等诸多优良特性, 被认为是最具开发潜力的能源植物之一。该文从甜高粱的分类学、生物学特点、种质资源评价、功能基因以及基因组信息等方面综述了甜高粱的最新研究进展和存在的问题, 并展望了甜高粱作为能源植物的研发前景。

... 另外, 甜高粱具有适应性广、抗逆性强、耐盐碱等诸多特点, 可以有效利用干旱、盐渍化和瘠薄的边际土地^[6], 因此, 健全甜高粱产业技术体系, 对提高土地利用率、促进农村产业升级和农民增收具有重要意义, 符合我国经济转型背景下可持续发展战略 ...

2013

0.0

... 同一品种不同地点间、同一品种、同一地点不同年份间或同一年份不同栽培技术间产量及品质相关性状均有差异^[7,8,9,10] ...

2007

0.0

... 同一品种不同地点间、同一品种、同一地点不同年份间或同一年份不同栽培技术间产量及品质相关性状均有差异^[7,8,9,10] ...

2010

0.0

冯国郡, 叶凯, 涂振东. 时空变化对甜高粱农艺性状的影响及分析. 新疆农业科学, 2010, (2): 285-290

Feng G

, Ye

, Tu Z

Effects of different spatial variances on agronomic character of sweet sorghum and its analysis. Xinjiang Agric Sci, 2010, (2): 285-290 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[目的]时空变化对甜高粱农艺性状的影响.[方法]以 TTL-11(CK),Z6-120、Z7-120、Z8-120四个甜高粱品系为材料,分别于2005年在新疆农科院玛纳斯试验站和2005～2006年在海南三亚市新疆农科院南繁试验基地两地进行品比试验,[结果]TTL-11(CK)、Z6-120、Z7-120、Z8-1204个品系的生育期、生物产量、茎秆产量、产糖量、千粒重、单株重、秆重、株高、秆长、茎节数、茎粗在新疆、海南两地的差异达极显著水平和显著水平;生育期、生物产量、茎秆产量、产糖量、单株重、秆重、株高、秆长、茎节数、茎粗在新疆显著高于海南,籽粒产量、千粒重则是海南高于新疆;汁液锤度和籽粒产量在两地的差异不显著;有利于南繁加代.[结论]Z6-120在新疆、海南两地表现高生物产量、中锤度的品种,可作为饲料专用品种应用;Z7-120为高产、高糖品种,其锤度在新疆和海南的均值分别为17.9%、18.6%,产糖量最高,可作为能源专用型品种应用.

... 同一品种不同地点间、同一品种、同一地点不同年份间或同一年份不同栽培技术间产量及品质相关性状均有差异^[7,8,9,10] ...

2013

0.0

李春喜, 冯海生. 甜高粱在青海高原不同海拔生态区的适应性研究. 草业学报, 2013, 22(3): 51-59

Li C

, Feng H

A study on the adaptability of sweet sorghum planted in different altitudinal areas of the Qinghai plateau. Acta Pratac Sin, 2013, 22(3): 51-59 (in Chinese with English abstract)

２０１０－２０１１年在青海高原不同海拔生态区对甜高粱进行品种适应性研究，结果显示，海拔对生育期、茎秆高度、单株鲜重、叶片数、茎叶产量、糖锤度有极显著影响。海拔１８５０ｍ鲜重产量１１１１２７～１３９８４０ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，籽粒成熟，产量４１５４～７６０９ｋｇ／ｈｍ２；海拔１９９０ｍ鲜重产量９６１５６～１３９４９６ｋｇ／ｈｍ２；海拔２１００ｍ鲜重产量７０１２４～１０９５９６ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，早熟品种籽粒能成熟；海拔２３００ｍ鲜重产量７１５２８～１０２６９０ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，晚熟品种不能抽穗；海拔２５００ｍ鲜重产量４１３４０～６１０３４ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，早熟品种能进入抽穗期。茎秆糖锤度海拔２３００ｍ以下地区除晚熟品种较低外，可达１５％以上，海拔２５００ｍ茎秆糖锤度只有６．５２％～９．２８％。九甜杂三品种综合表现突出，鲜重产量６１０３３．５～１２５４３９．０ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，糖锤度９．２８％～１９．６１％。海拔１８５０ｍ籽粒产量７４６１ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，是推广种植的首选品种；吉甜５号、超级放牧者综合表现良好，可为候选品种。

... 同一品种不同地点间、同一品种、同一地点不同年份间或同一年份不同栽培技术间产量及品质相关性状均有差异^[7,8,9,10] ...

... 有研究表明, 高海拔会导致甜高粱产量和糖锤度下降^[10] ...

2008

0.0

王岩, 黄瑞冬. 种植密度对甜高粱生长发育、产量及含糖量的影响. 作物杂志, 2008, (3): 49-51

Wang

, Huang R

Effect of plant density on growth, yield and sugar content of sweet sorghum. Crops, 2008, (3): 49-51 (in Chinese with English abstract)

研究了不同种植密度对杂交甜高粱辽甜1号的生长发育、产量及茎秆汁液合糖量的影响.结果表明,不同种植密度下株高、茎叶比、叶面积指数、叶绿素含量和茎秆含糖量在生育后期均存在明显差异;且产量受种植密度影响较大,甜高梁辽甜1号鲜株产量和子粒产量均显著增加.综合分析,种植密度为8.25万株/hm2较为适宜.

... 研究表明, 甜高粱的产量和品质除受遗传因素影响外, 全生育期内的光照、温度、降水量等气象因子及管理栽培措施、土壤因子对甜高粱的生长发育和光合产物形成也都有很大的影响^[11,12,13] ...

2013

0.0

吉春容, 邹陈, 再吐尼古丽·库尔班, 叶凯. 不同播期下甜高粱含糖量变化及其与气象因子的关系. 沙漠与绿洲气象, 2013, 7(3): 62-66

Ji C

, Zou

, Zaituniguli

, Ye

Change of sugar contents and its relationship with meteorological factors among different sowing dates of sweet sorghum.

Desert Oasis Meteor, 2013, 7(3): 62-66 (in Chinese with English abstract)

In order to identify the suitable sowing date and the key effect meteorological factor, with the main cultivars of sweet sorghum as the tested materials in Manas Region of Xinjiang, the sugar content and meteorological factors were measured, to research the change of sugar content and its relationship with meteorological factors among different sowing dates of sweet sorghum. The results showed that, as the delay of the growth stage, the total sugar and sucrose sugar increased gradually, and reached the peak at mature stage. The reducing sugar expressed in a single peak curve with the peak at flowering stage, and they decreased gradually after filling stage of sweet sorghum. There were significant differences of sugar content among different sowing dates (P0.05). Xingaoliang No.3 and Zaoshu T601 were the main cultivars of sweet sorghum in Manas Region of Xinjiang. The results also indicated that, it should be sowed proper early for Xingaoliang No.3, and the sowing date of April 25th was suitable. It sowed proper lately for Zaoshu T601, and the sowing date of May 8th was suitable. The sugar contents were significantly correlated with the average of air temperature, participation, sunshine duration and wind speed. The sugar content could be calculated according to the change of temperature, participation and sunshine duration.

为确定甜高粱适宜播期及含糖量关键气象影响因子，以新疆玛纳斯地区甜高粱主栽品种为试验材料，对不同播期下甜高粱含糖量的变化及其与气象因子的关系进行了比较分析。结果表明，随生育期延迟，甜高粱茎秆总糖含量、蔗糖含量逐渐升高，成熟期最高；还原糖含量开花期达到最大值，灌浆期后逐渐下降，至成熟期最低。不同播期之间甜高粱茎秆含糖量存在显著差异（P0.05），‘新高粱3号’适宜早播，以4月25日播种较为适宜；T601适宜迟播，以5月8日播种较为适宜。相关分析结果表明，不同播期下不同品种甜高粱茎秆糖分含量与平均温度、降水、日照时数和风速存在显著相关(P0.05)，可根据气温、降水和日照时数进行甜高粱含糖量预测。

1996

0.0

2012

0.0

... 产量及品质相关性状在单一环境下其遗传率较高, 但在不同环境下, 变异幅度较大, 环境效应甚至超过基因型和基因型与环境互作效应^{[14,15,16,17]} ...

2011

0.0

... 产量及品质相关性状在单一环境下其遗传率较高, 但在不同环境下, 变异幅度较大, 环境效应甚至超过基因型和基因型与环境互作效应^{[14,15,16,17]} ...

2013

0.0

... 产量及品质相关性状在单一环境下其遗传率较高, 但在不同环境下, 变异幅度较大, 环境效应甚至超过基因型和基因型与环境互作效应^{[14,15,16,17]} ...

2013

0.0

陈展宇, 邓川, 边鸣镝, 白忠义, 杨振明. 不同生态环境对甜高粱生长、糖锤度及产量的影响. 作物杂志, 2013, (1): 58-62

Chen Z

, Deng

, Bian D

, Bai Z

, Yang Z

The effects of different habitats on the growth, brix degree and yield of Sorghum bicolor L. Crops, 2013, (1): 58-62 (in Chinese with English abstract)

试验选择8个代表性的甜高粱品种分别在半干旱地区、半湿润地区种植,研究两种生境对不同甜高梁品种苗期生长及成熟期农艺性状、生物产量、糖锤度的影响.结果表明:半干旱地区种植的甜高粱苗期生长速度高于半湿润地区,植株含水量低于半湿润地区；在成熟收获期,半干旱地区种植的甜高粱品种株高、茎粗均低于半湿润地区,生物产量均低于半湿润地区,茎秆含水量略有下降,茎秆糖锤度均高于半湿润地区,半干旱条件降低甜高粱的生物产量,增加茎秆汁液锤度.本试验为筛选适宜吉林省西部半干旱地区种植的甜高梁品种提供理论依据.

... 产量及品质相关性状在单一环境下其遗传率较高, 但在不同环境下, 变异幅度较大, 环境效应甚至超过基因型和基因型与环境互作效应^{[14,15,16,17]} ...

2012

0.0

杨丽萍, 朱振林, 李新华, 郭洪海, 万书波, 季明川. 基于GIS技术探讨我国花生品质空间分异规律. 安徽农业科学, 2012, 40: 17399-17401

Yang L

, Zhu Z

, Li X

, Guo H

, Wan S

, Ji M

Discussion on spatial distribution differentiation law of peanut quality in China based on GIS technology.

J Anhui Agric Sci, 2012, 40: 17399-17401 (in Chinese with English abstract)

摘　要：探讨一种利用GIS技术实现定量分析花生品质空间分异规律的方法。根据光、温、水、土与花生品质表现的耦合性,选择对花生品质有影响的9个生态因子,建立空间分布分析模型,在Arcgis环境下利用该模型分析我国花生品质的空间分异规律。结果表明,借助于GIS技术,可以实现在空间上分析花生品质的分异规律,以花生脂肪含量为例,其空间分布趋势明显,呈从北至南减小趋势,其高含量区域主要分布在甘新区域,而川渝黔地区最低。分析结果对花生生产及育种部门有针对性地提高花生品质,开展品质育种工作,建立花生专用生产基地、优化区域生产布局具有指导性意义。同时,该方法可以为其他作物品质、种植等区划工作提供借鉴。

... 而我国气象、土壤条件的空间分布因地理位置的差异又有其独特的规律, 并且气象和土壤因子等自然要素对甜高粱的影响不是单一的, 往往是多个因素综合作用的结果, 因而不同地点种植的甜高粱, 其产量及品质相关性状有较大的差异^[18] ...

2012

0.0

韩立朴, 马凤娇, 谢光辉, 刘金铜. 甜高粱生产要素特征、成本及能源效率分析. 中国农业大学学报, 2012, 17(6): 56-69

Han L

, Ma F

, Xie G

, Liu J

Analysis of sweet sorghum’s characteristic of production factor, cost and energy efficiency. J China Agric Univ, 2012, 17(6): 56-69 (in Chinese with English abstract)

In order to summarize the varieties of sweet sorghum in China,production technology and the difference of production cost and energy efficiency in different areas,we carried out an analysis of sweet sorghum's variety characteristics,production technology,production cost and energy efficiency in cold areas (Inner Mongolia),arid areas(Xinjiang) and saline areas(Shandong) of sweet sorghum by literature research and field investigation based on the numerical and factor analysis method.The results showed that the varieties with growth period of 113-130 d,brix of 9.0%-16.0%,fresh straw yield of 31.2-64.7 t/hm 2 ,plant height of 223.1-312.7 cm,stem diameter of 1.48-1.89 cm and grain yield of 2.07-3.39 t/hm 2 accounted for the most.The variation coefficient of grain yield,straw yield and brix were 42.1%,50.5% and 41.9% respectively.Agronomic measures such as tillage,irrigation,fertilization,removing tillers,chemical spray and lodging-prevention all had significant effect on the yield of sweet sorghum.The result of factor analysis of production cost illustrated that the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy was 0.84 and the value of Bartlett’s sphericity test ( P 3 -7.4×10 3 MJ/t,and 1.4×10 3 - 3.9×10 3 MJ/t are consumed after comprehensive utilization.The energy output-input ratios were 4.0-10.9 and 7.6-20.7 respectively.Sweet sorghum is feasible as an energy crop,considering the economic cost and energy efficiency.Manual input and raw material were the most influential factor towards cost and energy efficiency respectively.Factor analysis comprehensive evaluation shows that factor cost has a significant difference among different regions.Balancing mechanical and manual input has an important significance to cost and energy efficiency in different regions.

为总结我国甜高粱品种、生产技术以及不同区域生产成本和能源效率的差异,通过文献研究和田间调查,采用数值描述和因子分析的方法对我国现有甜高粱品种的特性、生产技术以及对冷凉地区(内蒙)、干旱地区(新疆)和盐碱地区(山东)的生产成本和能源效率进行分析。结果显示:多数品种生育期113~130 d,锤度9.0%~16.0%,鲜秸秆产量31.2~64.7 t/hm 2 ,株高223.1~312.7 cm,茎粗1.48~1.89 cm,籽粒产量在2.07~3.39 t/hm 2 之间。籽粒、秸秆产量和锤度的变异系数分别为42.1%、50.5%和41.9%。耕作、灌溉、施肥、除分蘖、施用农药和防止倒伏等农艺措施都会对甜高粱的产量产生显著影响。对生产成本的因子分析结果为:其KMO值为0.84,Bartlett球型检验值( P 3 ~7.4×10 3 MJ/t,综合利用后耗能1.4 ×10 3 ~3.9 ×10 3 MJ/t。能量产投比分别为4.0~10.9和7.6~20.7。甜高粱作为能源作物从经济成本和能源效率上可行,各生产要素中人工投入对成本、生产资料对能源效率的影响最大。因子分析综合评价认为各要素成本在区域之间有显著差异。在不同区域平衡机械和人工投入对成本和能源效率的影响具有重要意义。

... 其中茎粗是既影响产量又影响品质的重要性状^[19] ...

2012

0.0

卢峰, 邹剑秋, 段有厚, 吕香玲. 甜高粱茎秆含糖量相关性状的遗传分析. 中国农业大学学报, 2012, 17(6): 111-116

, Zou J

, Duan Y

, Lü X

Genetic analysis of stalk sugar content related traits in sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). J China Agric Univ, 2012, 17(6): 111-116 (in Chinese with English abstract)

A genetic segregation analysis of stalk sugar content related traits was made with the parents of LR625,a grain sorghum variety (P 1 ),Rio,a sweet sorghum variety (P 2 ) and their F 1 and F 2:3 populations by using the mixed major gene plus poly-gene inheritance model.The results suggested that the genetic control of the stalk sugar content (brix) is consistent with E-1 model,the trait is controlled by two major genes with additive-dominant-epistatic effects and poly-genes.The poly-genes effects were higher than major gene effects,and the heritability of major genes and poly-genes were 48.98% and 39.52%,respectively.Environmental effects accounted for 11.59% of total phenotypic variance.Juice ratio was consistent with B-5 model,the trait is controlled by two major genes with dominant effects.Heritability account for 75.3% of phenotypic variation,and environmental factors accounted for 24.7%.Stalk fresh weight was consistent with E-2 model,the trait was controlled by two major genes with additive-dominant effects and poly-genes with additive-dominant effects.Heritability of major genes was 58.85%,and heritability of poly-genes was 17.63%,environmental factor effects accounted for 23.52%.

为探讨甜高粱茎秆含糖量相关数量性状的遗传基础,以粒用高粱品系LR625(P 1 )和甜高粱品系Rio(P 2 )为亲本杂交构建的一组包含4个世代的遗传群体(P 1 、P 2 、F 1 、F 2:3 ),采用数量性状主基因+多基因混合遗传模型,对茎秆含糖量(混合锤度)、出汁率和茎秆鲜重性状进行了遗传分析。结果表明:茎秆含糖量符合E-1模型,性状是由两对主基因+多基因遗传模型控制的,主基因作用方式包括加性、显性和上位性3种效应。其中多基因效应高于主基因效应,遗传率分别为48.89%和39.52%。环境效应较小,占总表型方差的11.59%;出汁率性状符合B-5模型,即性状表现受2对主基因遗传控制,基因作用方式为完全显性作用。遗传力决定了出汁率表型变异的75.3%,环境因素影响24.7%,该性状的表现受遗传因素和环境因素共同影响;茎秆鲜重符合E-2模型即两对加性-显性主基因+加性-显性多基因遗传模型,无上位性效应,性状的主基因效应大于多基因效应,主基因遗传率为58.85%,多基因遗传率为17.63%,环境因素影响占23.52%。

... 甜高粱茎秆总含糖量是一个比较复杂的性状, 它受单株秆重、茎汁液糖锤度和出汁液率的影响^[20] ...

... 100^[20] ...

2011

0.0

卢峰, 吕香玲, 邹剑秋, 段有厚. 甜高粱茎秆含糖量遗传研究进展. 作物杂志, 2011, (2): 8-12

, Lü X

, Zou J

, Duan Y

Research advances in inheritance of stalk sugar content in sweet sorghum,

Crops, 2011, (2): 8-12 (in Chinese with English abstract)

甜高粱(Sorghum bicolor)是普通粒用高粱的一个变种.与粒用高粱相比,甜高粱育种研究进展相对缓慢,特别是茎秆含糖量高的亲本系创造比较滞后.开展甜高粱茎秆含糖量的遗传研究,对甜高粱亲本系选育及杂交种组配具有重要意义.本文从茎秆含糖量的评价指标入手,分别对茎秆含糖量的遗传与子粒产量及其他性状的关系、基因定位等方面的相关研究结果进行了系统地概括和归纳,并分析了当前茎秆含糖量研究的热点和亟待解决的问题.

... 多数育种者习惯于用茎汁液糖锤度来评价含糖量, 但仅用此指标是不够全面的^[21] ...

2013

0.0

王大勇, 刘涛, 郭慕萍, 张永清. 豆科植物对不同深度土壤水分及养分含量的影响. 土壤通报, 2013, 44: 551-555

Wang D

, Liu

, Guo M

, Zhang Y

Effects of perennial leguminous plants on moisture and nutrients in different soil depths. Chin J Soil Sci, 2013, 44: 551-555 (in Chinese with English abstract)

摘　要：选取人工种植自然生长4年的小冠花和紫花苜蓿的土壤和无豆科植物覆盖的土壤为研究对象，设置 4个采样深度，测定有机质、全氮、有效磷、速效钾和吸湿水含量等。结果表明：紫花苜蓿试验区0—15cm、15—30em、30～45cm和 45～60cm土壤水分含量均高于对照区，且与对照区土壤水分含量随深度变化趋势相同，表明紫花苜蓿对土壤水分有较显著的提高作用；小冠花仅对 15～30CI／1土壤水分有较显著提高作用。小冠花和紫花苜蓿提高45～60cm土层的有机质和15～30cm和45～60em土壤全氮含量的效果显著，特别是45—60cm深度，小冠花和紫花苜蓿试验区土壤有机质含量分别为对照区2．6和2．8倍，全氮含量为对照区的3．3和3．2倍。小冠花和紫花苜蓿均能显著提高土壤表层（0～15cm）有效磷含量，分别高出对照区56．54％和31．55％，同时紫花苜蓿能在一定程度上改善45～60cm土壤有效磷含量。紫花苜蓿对土壤速效钾含量的改善作用有随土层深度增加而增加的趋势，45～60om的土层改善作用最显著，从整体上讲，紫花苜蓿改善土壤速效钾含量的作用优于小冠花。试验区表层土壤（O～15cm）有机质与全氮和有效磷显著相关，但与速效钾无显著相关关系。0-45cm的土层，小冠花和紫花苜蓿试验区和对照区土壤均不缺乏营养物质，而45～60cm的土层，小冠花和紫环苜蓿试验区有机质含量较低，对照区全氮含量过低，小冠花试验区和对照区速效钾含量偏低。

... 用pH计测定土壤pH值, TOP Instrument土壤养分速测仪测定有机质、有效钾和速效磷, 采用凯氏定氮法(DK8 Heating Digester, UDK142 Automatic Distillation Unit, 意大利VELP生产)测定土壤全氮^[22] ...

2014

0.0

娄伟平, 吉宗伟, 温华伟. 龙井43春季茶叶生化成分对气象因子的敏感性分析. 生态学杂志, 2014, 33: 328-334

Lou W

, Ji Z

, Wen H

Sensitivity analyses of biochemical components of the spring tea Longjing 43 to meteorological factors.

Chin J Ecol, 2014, 33: 328-334 (in Chinese with English abstract)

By using the support vector machine technology, the impacts of meteorological conditions on the biochemical component contents ( e.g ., tea polyphenol, amino acid, caffeine and total catechins) of the spring tea Longjing 43 were analyzed. The results showed that the support vector machine was useful and efficient for analyzing the relationships between meteorological factors and the tea biochemical components. The order of correlation coefficients for the tea biochemical components with the meteorological factors was not exactly in accordance with the order of the meteorological factors based on their sensitivities to the selected meteorological factors. The impacts of meteorological factors on the tea biochemical components could be classified into sensitive and insensitive sections. The biochemical components significantly changed in the sensitive section, but did not vary in the insensitive section.

利用支持向量机分析了气象条件对龙井43茶树春季生产的茶叶中茶多酚、氨基酸、咖啡因、总儿茶素含量的影响。结果表明：支持向量机能很好地分析气象因子与茶叶生化成分的关系；茶叶生化成分和气象因子的相关性大小与茶叶生化成分和该气象因子的敏感性排序不存在一一对应关系；气象因子对龙井43春茶生化成分的影响可划分为敏感区间和不敏感区间，在敏感区间，生化成分随气象因子显著变化；在不敏感区间，生化成分不随气象因子变化。

... 敏感性比值是评估因子不存在时的误差与所有因子存在时的误差的比值, 比值大于1, 表明评估因子对目标性状影响重要^[23,24] ...

2010

0.0

王大成, 李存军, 宋晓宇, 王纪华, 黄文江, 王俊英, 周吉红, 黄敬峰. 基于神经网络的冬小麦蛋白质含量关键生态影响因子分析. 农业工程学报, 2010, 26(7): 220-226

Wang D

, Li C

, Song X

, Wang J

, Huang W

, Wang J

, Zhou J

, Huang J

Analysis of identifying important ecological factors influencing winter wheat protein content based on artificial neural networks. Trans CSAE, 2010, 26(7): 220-226 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Temperature, rainfall, illumination time and soil nutrients are major ecological factors to influence protein content forming of winter wheat. This study focused on the evaluation of the relative weighting of those factors on winter wheat grain quality (protein) based on the wheat planting, soil and weather data in Beijing, China. artificial neural network (ANN) analysis is employed in this study. The result indicated that the 10 factors have significant impact on the formation of wheat protein. The most important factor is illumination time from 6th June to 10th June, followered by the number of days which the temperature above 32℃, available nitrogen content of soil, average temperature from 1st May to 10th June, average temperature from 26 May to 30 May, accumulated temperature from 20th May to 10th June, average temperature from 1st June to 5th June, range of temperature from 20th May to 10th June, rainfall from 20th May to 10th June, and organic matter in soil respectively. Then, the response curves for key factors are generated by the ANN models in order to reflect the wheat protein variant trend according to the different ecological factors. The results of this study can probably be used for provided the reference basis for the winter wheat quality regionalization of Beijing area

温度、降雨、光照和土壤等生态因子影响冬小麦籽粒蛋白质含量，确定这些因子是否有重要影响及影响程度对于小麦种植区划具有重要意义。该文利用北京地区具有代表性的小麦种植点的气象数据和土壤养分数据，通过神经网络方法来评估温度、降雨、光照和土壤等因子对蛋白质含量影响的相对重要程度。研究表明，影响北京地区蛋白质含量的主要因素依次有：6月6日至6月10日的光照时间、气温大于32℃的天数、土壤碱解氮含量、5月上旬至6月上旬的平均气温、5月26日至5月30日的平均气温、5月下旬至6月上旬≥0℃的积温、6月1日至6月5日的平均气温、5月下旬至6月上旬的温差、5月下旬至6月上旬的降雨量和土壤有机质含量；并针对部分关键因子利用神经网络模型制作了响应曲线以反映蛋白质含量随生态因子的变化趋势。

... 敏感性比值是评估因子不存在时的误差与所有因子存在时的误差的比值, 比值大于1, 表明评估因子对目标性状影响重要^[23,24] ...

2010

0.0

李新华, 郭洪海, 杨丽萍, 杨萍, 万书波. 气象因子对花生品质的影响. 中国农学通报, 2010, 26(16): 90-94

Li X

, Guo H

, Yang L

, Yang

, Wan S

The effect of climatic factors on peanut quality. Chin Agric Sci Bull, 2010, 26(16): 90-94 (in Chinese with English abstract)

In order to determine the key meteorological factors affecting the peanut quality and quantify the effect degree of the key climatic factors, using the methods of correlation analysis, path analysis and stepwise regression analysis, the paper studied the effects of meteorological factors on peanut quality based on the peanut quality data and meteorological data in growth period coming from the 18 main peanut producing provinces in China in 2008. The result showed that peanut protein content with the various meteorological factors were not reached significant levels, peanut fat content and >15℃ accumulated temperature was highly significant positive correlation, with the temperature difference between day and night was significantly negative correlation, and peanut O/L with the meteorological factors in growth period were all reached highly significant level in which was very significant positive correlation with the >15℃ accumulated temperature and rainfall in growth period, and was very significant negative correlation with sunshine hours and day and night temperature difference in growth period. The path analysis and stepwise regression analysis showed that the effects of various meteorological factors on the peanut protein content are not large, the main meteorological factor affecting the peanut fat content was the >15℃ accumulated temperature in growth period, and the main meteorological factor affecting the peanut O/L was day and night temperature difference in growth period. The relationship between the peanut fat content, O/L and its main impact factor can be described by a linear equation.

为了确定影响花生品质的主要气象因子，量化主要影响因子的作用程度，本文以2008年全国18个花生主产省的花生品质数据及其对应点生育期的气象资料为基础，利用相关分析、通径分析和逐步回归分析的方法，探讨了气象因子对花生品质的影响，结果表明花生蛋白质含量与生育期各气象因子间均未达到显著水平，花生脂肪含量与生育期>15℃积温呈极显著正相关，与生育期昼夜温差呈显著负相关，花生油亚比与生育期各气象因子间均达到了极显著相关水平，其中与>15℃积温和降雨量呈极显著正相关，与日照时数和昼夜温差呈极显著负相关。通径分析和逐步回归分析显示：生育期各气象因子对花生蛋白质含量的影响均不大，影响花生脂肪含量的主要因素是生育期>15℃积温，影响花生油亚比的主要因素是生育期昼夜温差。花生脂肪含量和油亚比与其主要影响因子之间的关系可以用一次线性方程来描述。

... 3 甜高粱产量及品质相关性状与环境因子逐步回归分析为了确定影响甜高粱产量及品质相关性状的敏感环境因子并分析它们之间的数量关系, 采用逐步回归分析, 剔除未通过显著性检验的环境因子, 建立与结果性状的最优回归方程^[25] ...

2012

0.0

胡标林, 万勇, 李霞, 雷建国, 罗向东, 严文贵, 谢建坤. 水稻核心种质表型性状遗传多样性分析及综合评价. 作物学报, 2012, 38: 829-839

Hu B

, Wan

, Li

, Lei J

, Luo X

, Yan W

, Xie J

Analysis on genetic diversity of phenotypic traits in rice (Oryza sativa) core collection and its comprehensive assessment. Acta Agron Sin, 2012, 38: 829-839 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Germplasm resources are fundamental in rice breeding and dissecting complex traits; however, assessment of genetic diversity benefits the identification of optimal parental combinations to produce segregating offspring with maximum genetic variability , and facilitates the introgression of favorable genes from various germplasm into commercial cultivars. The USDA rice core collection (USDA-RCC) (1 579 rice accessions originated from six continents), was analyzed with 14 phenotypic traits to assess diversity and phenotypically superior rice germplasm. Themain results were summarized as follows: (1) Genetic distance of the germplasm from Asia and Africa to that of Oceania was larger. Rice germplasm from Asia, Africa and Oceania had accordingly greater phenotypic and genetic diversities, and genetic diversity of different traits was different among continents. Six traits including kernel length/width (KLW), alkali spreading value (ASC), plant height (PH), kernel width (KW), 1000-kernel weight (TKW) and amylose content (AC) had greater genetic diversity. (2) Comprehensive assessment of phenotypic traits was conducted using principal component analysis (392768 from Vietnam had the best comprehensive traits while the accession PI 281760 performed the worst comprehensive traits, and AC, HD, PH, lodging, BRC and HC would be suitable as comprehensive criteria for assessing USDA-RCC germplasm. We suggest these rice germplasm possessing great phenotypic diversity should be widely utilized in breeding programs, moreover, these rice germplasm with farther genetic distance and different comprehensive traits should be appropriately considered for the parental selection. PCA) and step regression analysis, demonstrating that the accession PI

种质资源是水稻遗传育种和解析复杂性状的重要基础，而对遗传多样评估有利于鉴定最优亲本组合以产生遗传变异最大的后代群体和促进不同资源的有利基因渗透到栽培品种。选用14个表型性状对美国农业部水稻核心种质中的6大洲 1 579份水稻种质, 分析与评价其遗传多样性和优良稻种资源，主要结果如下: (1)亚洲、非洲与大洋洲间遗传距离较远，且亚洲、非洲和大洋洲的水稻资源具有较丰富的表型遗传多样性，而不同性状的遗传多样性在洲际间表现不同；粒长宽比、碱消值、株高、粒宽、千粒重和淀粉含量等6个性状具有很高的表型遗传多样性。(2)采用主成分分析法和逐步回归分析法综合评判表明，越南的PI392768的综合性状表现最好，法国的PI281760综合性状表现最差，同时淀粉含量、抽穗期、株高、倒伏性、糙米色和颖壳色等6个性状可作为种质资源综合评价指标。在水稻育种中应注重利用具有丰富遗传多样性的种质资源，并在亲本选配时适当选择遗传距离较远且综合性状表现差异大的种质材料。

... 0%^[26] ...

2010

0.0

刘明, 齐华, 张振平, 梁熠, 于吉琳, 吴亚男, 贾倩. 不同环境因子对玉米叶绿素荧光特性的影响. 华北农学报, 2010, 25(6): 198-204

Liu

, Qi

, Zhang Z

, Liang

, Yu J

, Wu Y

, Jia

Effects of environment factor on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters on maize.

Acta Agric Boreali-Sin, 2010, 25(6): 198-204 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Effects of different light time, light intensity, C0 2 consistence and water level were studied on the chlo— rophyll fluorescence parameters of leaves in maize.The Fluorescence kinetic curve show that with the lighting pro· longed, chlorophyll fluorescence presented the ETR, qP and NPQ that gradually rose and kept stable after 20 minutes illumination in synchronization with it photosynthesis.Fluorescence light curve show that with the lighting strengthen, its PhiPS II and light intensity appeared linearly and negatively correlated.Its PhiC0 2 and light intensity appeared lin— early and negatively correlated when the light intensity surpassed 500 mol/(m 2 ·s)extension.PhiC0 2 and light in· tensity appeared linearly and positively correlated when the light intensity less then 500 p。mol/(m 2 ·s)extension.ACI Curve show that its photosynthetic rate, PhiPS II and PhiC0 2 and ETR value have a positive relation to carbon dioxide concentration in a certain extent.The value of Fm, Fv/Fm, PhiPSⅡ, PhiC0 2 and ETR were decreased under the ana— batic water stress.But the Fo and NPQ value were increased with the deepening water stress.Analysis indicated that photosystemH was damaged, and heat disseminate was increased to defend strong light damage.Light suppress phenom— ena was emerged in diurnal variation of Fv/Fm.Suppress degree was increased and the ordinary level time was pro— longed under water stress.

为了揭示玉米生态适应性,研究了不同光照时间、不同光照强度、不同二氧化碳浓度和不同水分等环境因子对玉米叶片叶绿素荧光特性的影响。荧光动力学曲线表明,随着光照时间的延长,荧光参数ETR、PhiP s Ⅱ、qP、NPQ等值逐渐上升并在20 min左右达到稳定,与光合同步。荧光光响应曲线表明,光照强度大于500μmol/(m2.s)时,PhiP s Ⅱ与PhiCO2均与光照强度呈线性负相关关系,而当光照强度小于500μmol/(m2.s)时,PhiP s Ⅱ与光照强度呈线性负相关关系,PhiCO2与光照强度呈线性正相关关系。说明在强光下PhiP s II所吸收的光能用于光化学反应的比例较少,而过剩的光能较多的以热的形式耗散掉了。荧光ACI曲线表明,在一定CO2浓度范围内,CO2浓度和荧光光合速率、PhiP s Ⅱ、PhiCO2及ETR值存在一定的正相关关系。在水分胁迫条件下,Fm、Fv/Fm、PhiP s Ⅱ、PhiCO2及ETR值随水分胁迫的增强而下降,而Fo和NPQ值却随水分胁迫的增强而升高,说明水分胁迫条件下光系统P s II受到了伤害,起光保护作用的热耗散提高。Fv/Fm的日间变化出现了光抑制现象,水分胁迫加重了抑制程度,恢复到正常水平的时间延长。

... 现实很难将所有环境因子用于研究对作物有关性状的影响, 一般采用气象和土壤作为主要的环境因子^[27,28] ...

2008

0.0

吴统贵, 周和锋, 吴明, 萧江华, 蒋科毅. 旱柳光合作用动态及其与环境因子的关系. 生态学杂志, 2008, 27: 2056-2061

Wu G

, Zhou H

, Wu

, Xiao J

, Jiang K

Dynamics of Salix matsudana photosynthesis and its relations to environmental factors. Chin J Ecol, 2008, 27: 2056-2061 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Salix matsudana is the only tree species in Hangzhou Bay wetland of East China. From May to November 2007, the diurnal and seasonal dynamics of its photosynthes is were determined with Li-6400 Portable Photosynthesis System, and the relationships between the dynamics and environmental factors were analyzed by stepwise multiple-regression and path analysis. The results showed the daily mean value of net photosynthesis rate P n for each month was in the sequence of August>September>July>June>May>October>November. The diurnal course of P n had a unimodal pattern in May, June, October and November, and a mid-depression in July, August and September. The dynamics of P n was very sensitive to the leaf temperature ( T l ), vapor pressure deficit ( VPD ), and photosynthetic active radiation ( PAR ) in May, June, October and November, to VPD , T l , and relative humidity ( RH ) in July, August and September, and to T l and VPD in the whole growth period. It was suggested there existed greater variations in the diurnal and seasonal dynamics of P n in the growth period of S. matsudana , and the effects of test environmental factors differed each other to some extent.

运用Li-6400便携式光合作用系统，于2007年5—11月对杭州湾滨海湿地自然生长的唯一乔木树种——旱柳( Salix matsudana )的叶片光合作用和环境因子动态变化进行了测定，并通过多元逐步回归和通径分析方法分析了光合作用与环境因子间的相互关系。结果发现，生长季节各月所选典型天气下的P n 大小顺序表现为8月>9月>7月>6月>5月>10月>11月；其中5、6、10和11月，旱柳净光合速率(P n )日变化呈现“单峰”曲线，经分析发现叶片温度( T l )、大气水汽压亏缺( VPD )和光合有效辐射( PAR )是影响 P n 变化的主导因子；7—9月 P n 日变化出现“午休”现象，环境因子 VPD T、和相对湿度( RH )成为主导影响因子；就整个生长季节来看，各因子对 P n 变化的影响均显著， T l 和 VPD 是最主要的2个影响因子。由此可见，旱柳生长季节光合作用存在较大的差异，同时各环境因子对光合作用的影响及影响程度也各不相同。

... 现实很难将所有环境因子用于研究对作物有关性状的影响, 一般采用气象和土壤作为主要的环境因子^[27,28] ...

2005

0.0

王炜, 吴耿锋, 张博锋, 王媛. 径向基函数RBF神经网络及其应用. 地震, 2005, 25(2): 19-25

Wang

, Wu G

, Zhang B

, Wang

Neural networks of radial basis function (RBF) and its application to earthquake prediction. Earthquake, 2005, 25(2): 19-25 (in Chinese with English abstract)

介绍了径向基函数(RBF)神经网络的原理、学习算法及其在地震预报专家系统ESEP 3.0中的应用. 实际应用结果表明, 该神经网络可以很好地克服BP神经网络学习过程的收敛过分依赖于初值和可能出现局部收敛的缺陷, 具有较快的运算速度、较强的非线性映射能力和较好的预报效能.

... RBF神经网络具备较强的非线性问题求解能力, 能以任意精度全局逼近一个非线性函数, 已在很多领域得到广泛应用^[29] ...

2000

0.0

陈国平, 陆卫平, 王忠孝. 土壤和空间因子对玉米产量的影响. 玉米科学, 2000, 8(2): 38-40

Chen G

, Lu W

, Wang Z

Influence of soil and spatial factor to Maize yield. J Maize Sci, 2000, 8(2): 38-40 (in Chinese with English abstract)

控制土壤和地上部营养空间观察玉米生育和产量的结果表明:改善空间因子使玉米增产17.0%,而改善土壤因子仅使玉米增产13.0%.土壤和地上部营养条件对穗粒数的影响高于对千粒重的影响,开花以前土壤因子是决定生长的主要矛盾,而开花以后空间因子则是决定生长的主要矛盾.

... 气象、土壤因子均为影响甜高粱产量和品质的重要条件, 但相比之下, 土壤因子的作用大于气象因子^[30] ...

1999

0.0

宋广巍, 黎大爵. 纬度对甜高粱营养生长和籽粒产量的影响. 植物资源与环境, 1999, 8(4): 30-36

Song G

, Li D

The effect of latitude on the vegetative growth and seed yield of sweet sorghum. J Plant Resour Environ, 1999, 8(4): 30-36 (in Chinese with English abstract)

摘　要：为了解甜高梁（Ｓｏｒｇｈｕｍｂｉｃｏｌｏｒ（Ｌ．）Ｍｏｅｎｃｈ）各品种在我国的适应性，在淡同地区进行了‘意达利’、‘雷伊’、‘凯勒’、‘Ｍ－８１Ｅ’的品种比较试验，对各种的生育期、株高、茎杆直径、茎杆重量、茎杆汁锤度、籽粒产量与纬度的关系进行了一元线性回归分析。结果表明：纬度变化，实际上是日照长度的变化，对甜着重同纬度度有于其营养生长。各品种对纬度变化从大到小国：‘意达利’〉Ｍ－８１Ｅ‘〈’

... 高纬度有利于营养生长, 可提高糖锤度, 低纬度生育期缩短, 因过早开花而产量降低^[31] ...

2009

0.0

黄芬, 朱艳, 姜东, 荆奇, 曹卫星. 基于模型与GIS的小麦籽粒品质空间差异分析. 中国农业科学, 2009, 42: 3087-3095

Huang

, Zhu

, Jiang

, Jing

, Cao W

Spatial variation analysis of wheat grain quality based on model and GIS.

Sci Agric Sin, 2009, 42: 3087-3095 (in Chinese with English abstract)

升尺度方法进行区域籽粒品质模拟和空间变异分析是可行的,为小麦籽粒品质的生态变异研究提供了参考.

... 海拔和纬度的变化主要是温度和日照时数的变化, 二者主要通过对环境因子的显著作用来影响甜高粱相关性状^[32] ...

2014

0.0

唐朝臣, 罗峰, 高建明, 裴忠有, 李欣禹, 孙守钧. 盐碱土壤施肥对甜高粱生物产量、糖锤度及相关性状的影响. 黑龙江农业科学, 2014, (7): 46-50

Tang C

, Luo

, Gao J

, Pei Z

, Li X

, Sun S

Effects of in the saline land fertilization on biomass, sugar brix and related traits of sweet sorghum. Heilongjiang Agric Sci, 2014, (7): 46-50 (in Chinese with English abstract)

... 其中土壤全氮影响最大, 为关键因子, 即在全氮含量较高的土壤或施氮肥可获得较高产量^[33] ...

2014

0.0

陈杉艳, 王蜀, 张海宁, 邵抚民, 马玉梅, 杨东生, 罗志伟. 矮化密植苹果园土壤养分对果实品质的影响. 北方园艺, 2014, (23): 161-164

Chen S

, Wang

, Zhang H

, Shao F

, Ma Y

, Yang D

, Luo Z

Correlation analysis between soil nutrients and fruit qualities in short-stalk close planting apple orchard. Northern Hortic, 2014, (23): 161-164 (in Chinese with English abstract)

以"金世纪"苹果为试材,对昆明市西山区团结街道办事处4个矮化密植苹果园的土壤养分状况、果实品质进行了调查、测定和分析。结果表明:4个矮化密植苹果园的土壤pH值平均为 5.99;土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量偏低,且果园之间各肥料的施用水平存在较大差异。土壤有机质与土壤各养分间均呈正相关,pH值与土壤各养分间呈负相关;不同土壤养分与果实品质也存在着相关性,其中单果质量与土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、全硼、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾均呈正相关,与土壤pH值呈极显著负相关,可溶性固形物与pH值、有机质、全氮、速效钾呈正相关。

... 关键因子是土壤pH值, 为正效应, 这与陈杉艳等报道pH值与苹果总糖有较高正相关的结果吻合^[34] ...