烯效唑干拌种对甜荞茎秆抗倒性能的影响

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刘星贝, 汪灿, 胡丹, 杨浩, 佘恒志, 阮仁武, 吴东倩, 易泽林. . 烯效唑干拌种对甜荞茎秆抗倒性能的影响. 作物学报, 2015, 42(1): 93-103
LIU Xing-Bei, WANG Can, HU Dan, YANG Hao, SHE Heng-Zhi, RUAN Ren-Wu, WU Dong-Qian, YI Ze-Lin. . Effects of Seed Dressing with Uniconazole Powder on Lodging Resistance of Culm in Common Buckwheat. ACTA AGRONOMICA SINICA, 2015, 42(1): 93-103 复制到剪切板

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烯效唑干拌种对甜荞茎秆抗倒性能的影响

刘星贝^1,^*, 汪灿^1,^*, 胡丹¹, 杨浩¹, 佘恒志¹, 阮仁武^1,², 吴东倩^1,^*, 易泽林^1,^2,^*

¹西南大学农学与生物科技学院, 重庆 400716

²重庆市荞麦产业体系创新团队, 重庆 400716

^*通讯作者(Corresponding authors): 易泽林, E-mail: yzlin1969@126.com; 吴东倩, E-mail: 5042347111@qq.com 第一作者联系方式: 汪灿, E-mail: wangc.1989@163.com; 刘星贝, E-mail: liuxingbei1991@163.com ^*同等贡献(Contributed equally to this work)

收稿日期:2015-03-27 接受日期:2015-09-06 网络出版日期:2015-10-08

基金:本研究由中央高校基本业务费专项资金(XDJK2015B010), 重庆市荞麦产业体系创新团队建设项目(CQCYT2011001)和重庆市科技计划应用开发重点项目(cstc2013yykfb0118)资助

摘要

以中抗倒伏甜荞品种宁荞1号为材料, 设置0、100、200和300 mg kg^-1烯效唑干拌种处理, 研究倒伏习性、产量、茎秆抗折力、倒伏指数、茎秆形态特性和茎秆解剖结构的变化, 探讨烯效唑干拌种对甜荞茎秆抗倒性能的影响。结果表明, 烯效唑干拌种对甜荞茎秆抗倒性能有显著影响。随烯效唑干拌种浓度的增加, 产量、茎秆抗折力、第2节间粗、第2节间干重、节间充实度、机械组织层数、机械组织厚度、茎壁厚度、维管束数目和维管束面积先增加后降低, 倒伏率、倒伏指数、株高、茎秆重心高度、茎秆鲜重和第2节间长先降低后增加。当烯效唑干拌种浓度为200 mg kg^-1时, 能有效优化甜荞茎秆结构, 改善茎秆质量, 减小倒伏风险, 增加产量。

关键词: 甜荞; 烯效唑; 抗倒性能; 形态特性; 解剖结构

Effects of Seed Dressing with Uniconazole Powder on Lodging Resistance of Culm in Common Buckwheat

LIU Xing-Bei^1,^*, WANG Can^1,^*, HU Dan¹, YANG Hao¹, SHE Heng-Zhi¹, RUAN Ren-Wu^1,², WU Dong-Qian^1,^*, YI Ze-Lin^1,^2,^*

¹ College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China

²Innovation Team of Chongqing Buckwheat Industry System, Chongqing 400716, China

Fund:This study was supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (XDJK2015B010), Chongqing Buckwheat Industry System Innovation Team (CQCYT2011001) and Key Project of Application Development for the Chongqing Science and Technology Program (cstc2013yykfb0118)

Abstract

Lodging is one of the important factors affecting the yield and quality of common buckwheat ( Fagopyrum esculentum M.) worldwide. Ningqiao 1, a cultivar of common buckwheat with moderate lodging resistance was used in this study to investigate the dynamic changes of lodging behavior, yield, culm snapping resistance, lodging index, culm morphological characteristics and culm anatomical structure seed dressing with uniconazole powder (0, 100, 200, and 300 mg kg^-1). The results indicated that seed dressing with uniconazole powder had significantly effects on the lodging resistance of culm in common buckwheat. With the increase of uniconazole powder concentration, the yield, culm snapping resistance, diameter of the 2nd internode, dry weight of the 2nd internode, filling degree, mechanical tissue layer number, mechanical tissue thickness, culm wall thickness, vascular bundle number, and vascular bundle area showed an increased-decreased trend, whereas, the lodging percentage, lodging index, plant height, culm gravity height, culm fresh weight, and length of the 2nd internode showed an decreased-increased trend. In this case, the treatment of seed dressing with 200 mg kg^-1 uniconazole powder could optimize the culm structure, improve the culm quality, reduce the lodging risk, and enhance the yield of common buckwheat.

Keyword: Common buckwheat; Uniconazole; Lodging resistance; Morphological characteristics; Anatomical structure

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甜荞(Fagopyrum esculentum M.)起源于中国, 具有生长期短、适应性强的特点, 是重要的救灾填闲作物和蜜源作物^[1]。我国是甜荞的生产大国, 主产区集中在华北、西北和东北地区, 其中以内蒙古种植面积最大^[2]。甜荞医食同源, 含有丰富的蛋白质、脂肪、淀粉、维生素、芦丁、矿质元素和植物纤维素, 具有很高的营养、药用及保健品质, 对心血管疾病、糖尿病和便秘等有预防和治疗作用, 已成为21世纪人类的绿色食品之一^{[2, 3]}。倒伏是影响甜荞产量的重要因素之一^[4], 极大地制约了我国甜荞生产的发展及农民种植荞麦的积极性。作物茎秆的抗倒伏能力与茎秆的形态特性和解剖学结构有密切联系^{[5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]}。茎秆越粗壮、节间越密集、节间充实度越高、机械组织层数越多、机械组织和茎壁越厚、维管束数目越多且维管束面积越大就越能增强茎秆的抗折力和抗倒伏能力^{[11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16]}。烯效唑是一种新型植物生长调节剂, 它是高效的抗倒伏剂和良好的杀菌剂, 具有生物活性高、使用安全等特点^{[17, 18, 19]}。烯效唑能降低作物株高和茎秆重心高度, 缩短茎秆基部节间长度, 增大茎粗, 增加节间充实度、茎秆机械组织层数、机械组织厚度、茎壁厚度、维管束数目和维管束面积, 增强茎秆抗倒伏能力, 增加产量^{[20, 21, 22, 23]}。拌种是一种用药量少、污染小、成本低、操作简单、农民易接受的施药方式^[24]。因此, 研究烯效唑干拌种对甜荞茎秆抗倒性能的影响对实现甜荞高产、稳产具有重要的实践意义。本课题组前期研究表明, 茎秆粗壮、茎秆质量好、基部节间短、茎秆木质素含量高且相关合成酶活性强、机械组织层数多、机械组织和茎壁厚、维管束数目多且维管束面积大的甜荞品种, 其茎秆抗折力参数大、倒伏指数小、抗倒伏能力强^{[25, 26, 27, 28]}, 而关于烯效唑干拌种对甜荞茎秆抗倒性能的影响尚不清楚。为此, 本文研究不同烯效唑干拌种浓度下倒伏习性、产量、茎秆抗折力、倒伏指数、茎秆形态特性和茎秆解剖结构的变化规律, 及其对甜荞茎秆抗倒性能的影响, 旨在为甜荞的抗倒伏栽培提供理论依据。

1 材料与方法

1.1 供试材料

供试甜荞品种宁荞1号, 中抗倒伏, 松散型植株, 生育期约63 d。供试药剂烯效唑为四川国光农化股份有限公司生产的5%可湿性粉剂。

1.2 试验设计

2013— 2014连续2年在重庆西南大学歇马科研基地(19° 51′ N, 106° 37′ E)进行田间试验。试验地土壤为沙壤土, 含有机质12.6 g kg^-1、碱解氮73.2 mg kg^-1、有效磷21 mg kg^-1、速效钾106 mg kg^-1、全氮0.84 g kg^-1、全磷0.46 g kg^-1、全钾17.5 g kg^-1, pH 5.8。

采用单因素完全随机区组设计, 按烯效唑有效成分与种子干重之比设置0 (CK)、100 (T1)、200 (T2)和300 mg kg^-1 (T3) 4个浓度处理, 于播种前1 d干拌种。小区面积10 m²(2 m × 5 m), 3次重复, 分别于2013年8月28日和2014年8月25日人工条播, 基本苗90万株 hm^-2, 行距33 cm, 种植6行, 小区之间留一空行, 区组间隔50 cm, 播种行与区组走向垂直, 试验地四周播种3行保护行, 播种前一次性施总养分≥ 45%的高浓度硫酸钾复合肥(含N 14%、P₂O₅16%、K₂O 15%) 420 kg hm^-2作为种肥, 并按常规管理。

1.3 倒伏习性和产量的测定

在甜荞收获前3 d调查各小区倒伏的株数和总株数, 倒伏率(%) = 倒伏株数/总株数× 100%; 记录不同处理倒伏的时期。根据主茎与地面的夹角度数将倒伏程度分为0~5级^[29], 0级为75° ~90° 、1级为60° ~75° 、2级为45° ~60° 、3级为30° ~45° 、4级为15° ~30° 、5级为0° ~15° 。待籽粒70%~80%成熟时单独收获和实测小区产量, 折合成公顷产量(kg hm^-2)。

1.4 茎秆抗折力和倒伏指数的测定

参照魏凤珍等^[5]和陈晓光等^[30]描述的方法。分别于开花期、灌浆期和成熟期取未倒伏的代表性植株10株, 取基部第2节间, 剥除叶鞘, 两端置高50 cm、间隔5 cm 的支撑木架凹槽内, 在其中部悬挂一容器, 向容器内匀速倒入细沙, 至茎秆折断时停止, 用弹簧秤称取容器和细沙重, 即为茎秆抗折力(g); 量取茎秆基部至该茎(含穗、叶和鞘)平衡支点的距离, 即为茎秆重心高度(cm); 先剪去样品的根部, 将地上部洗净, 用滤纸吸干水分后称重, 即为茎秆鲜重(g)。倒伏指数(cm g g^-1) = (茎秆重心高度× 茎秆鲜重) /茎秆抗折力。

1.5 茎秆形态特性的测定

分别于开花期、灌浆期和成熟期取未倒伏的代表性植株10株, 测定其茎秆重心高度(cm)和茎秆鲜重(g); 量取茎秆基部至该茎顶端的距离, 即为株高(cm); 取基部第2节间, 剥除叶鞘, 量取其长度, 即为第2节间长(cm); 用游标卡尺量取基部第2节间中部的粗度, 即为第2节间粗(mm); 将基部第2节间洗净, 用滤纸吸干水分, 于60℃下烘干后称重, 即为第2节间干重(g)。节间充实度(mg cm^-1) = 第2节间干重/第2节间长。

1.6 茎秆解剖结构的测定

分别于开花期、灌浆期和成熟期取未倒伏的代表性植株5株, 将除去叶鞘的基部第2节间中部切取成0.3~0.5 cm的横切环, 放入FAA固定液(70%乙醇90 mL、冰醋酸5 mL、福尔马林5 mL)中固定24 h以上, 按照脱水→ 透明→ 浸蜡→ 包埋→ 切片→ 粘片→ 脱蜡→ 染色→ 胶封等步骤制成厚度为15 µ m的永久性石蜡切片。置Nikon Eclipse E200生物显微镜下拍照, 数出维管束(大、小维管束)数目和机械组织层数, 用Image-Pro Plus 6.0图片分析软件测量维管束面积、机械组织厚度和茎壁厚度。维管束截面积按椭圆面积公式S = π ab/4计算, 式中a、b分别为纵、横方向的最大直径。

1.7 数据处理与分析

用Microsoft Excel 2003整理数据和作图, 用DPS v3.01进行统计分析, 采用LSD法检测显著性, 采用典型相关法进行相关分析。

2 结果与分析

2.1 不同烯效唑干拌种浓度下甜荞倒伏习性和产量

CK在灌浆期倒伏, T1和T3在成熟期倒伏, T2处理2013年未倒伏、2014年在成熟期倒伏, 且CK的倒伏级别显著高于其余处理(表1)。烯效唑干拌种对甜荞倒伏率和产量均有显著影响, 倒伏率表现为T2< T3< T1< CK, 产量表现为T2> T3> T1> CK。与CK相比, T1、T2和T3处理的倒伏率分别降低48.5%、97.5%和79.3% (2013和2014两年均值), 产量分别增加6.9%、25.2%和13.2% (2013和2014两年均值)。表明当烯效唑干拌种浓度为200 mg kg^-1时, 对降低甜荞倒伏风险和增产的效果最好。

表1 烯效唑干拌种对甜荞倒伏习性和产量的影响 Table 1 Effects of seed dressing with uniconazole powder on the lodging behavior and yield of common buckwheat

2.2 不同烯效唑干拌种浓度下甜荞茎秆抗折力和倒伏指数

甜荞茎秆抗折力从开花期至成熟期先增加后减小, 在灌浆期达最大值; 甜荞倒伏指数从开花期至成熟期逐渐增加(表2)。不同处理间茎秆抗折力和倒伏指数均存在显著差异, 茎秆抗折力表现为T2> T3> T1> CK, 倒伏指数表现为T2< T3< T1< CK。灌浆期T1、T2和T3处理的茎秆抗折力较CK分别增加5.3%、36.2%和18.8% (两年均值)。与CK相比, T2处理的倒伏指数在开花期、灌浆期和成熟期分别减小73.7%、71.8%和74.6% (两年均值)。

表2 烯效唑干拌种对甜荞茎秆抗折力和倒伏指数的影响 Table 2 Effects of seed dressing with uniconazole powder on the culm snapping resistance and lodging index of common buckwheat

2.3 不同烯效唑干拌种浓度下甜荞茎秆形态特性

2.3.1 株高和茎秆重心高度

甜荞株高从开花期至灌浆期逐渐增加, 而后变化不明显(图1-A, B); 茎秆重心高度从开花期至成熟期逐渐升高(图1-C, D)。烯效唑干拌种对株高和茎秆重心高度均有显著影响, 株高和茎秆重心高度均表现为T2< T3< T1< CK。两年平均, T2处理的株高在开花期、灌浆期和成熟期分别比CK降低22.9%、20.8%和21.3%, 茎秆重心高度分别降低30.5%、24.1%和28.5%。

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	图1 烯效唑干拌种对甜荞株高、茎秆重心高度和茎秆鲜重的影响 Fig. 1 Effects of seed dressing with uniconazole powder on the plant height, culm gravity height, and culm fresh weight of common buckwheat

2.3.2 茎秆鲜重

甜荞茎秆鲜重从开花期至成熟期逐渐增加(图1-E, F)。烯效唑干拌种对茎秆鲜重有显著影响, 随烯效唑干拌种浓度的增加, 茎秆鲜重先降低后增加, 最小值出现在T2处理。T2处理的茎秆鲜重在开花期、灌浆期和成熟期较CK分别降低42.1%、49.6%和49.7% (两年均值)。

2.3.3 第2节间长、第2节间粗和第2节间干重

从开花期至成熟期, 甜荞茎秆基部第2节间长(图2-A, B)、第2节间粗(图2-C, D)和第2节间干重(图2-E, F)均逐渐增加。烯效唑干拌种对第2节间长、第2节间粗和第2节间干重均有显著影响, 第2节间长表现为T2< T3< T1< CK, 第2节间粗和第2节间干重均表现为T2> T3> T1> CK。两年平均, T2处理的第2节间长在开花期、灌浆期和成熟期分别比CK减小37.3%、37.9%和33.5%, 第2节间粗分别增加40.2%、47.5%和51.3%, 第2节间干重分别增加338.7%、145.8%和88.9%。

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	图2 烯效唑干拌种对甜荞第2节间长、第2节间粗、第2节间干重和节间充实度的影响 Fig. 2 Effects of seed dressing with uniconazole powder on the length of 2nd internode, diameter of 2nd internode, dry weight of 2nd internode, and filling degree of common buckwheat

2.3.4 节间充实度

甜荞节间充实度从开花期至灌浆期逐渐增加, 而后变化不明显(图2-G, H)。烯效唑干拌种对节间充实度有显著影响, 随烯效唑干拌种浓度的增加, 节间充实度先增加后减小, 在T2处理达最大值。开花期、灌浆期和成熟期T2处理的节间充实度较CK分别增加611.2%、299.7%和183.5% (两年均值)。

2.4 不同烯效唑干拌种浓度下甜荞茎秆解剖结构

2.4.1 机械组织层数和维管束数目

甜荞茎秆机械组织层数(图3-A, B)和维管束数目(图3-C, D)从开花期至灌浆期逐渐增加, 而后变化不明显。不同处理间机械组织层数和维管束数目存在显著差异, 均表现为T2> T3> T1> CK。与CK相比, T2处理的机械组织层数在开花期、灌浆期和成熟期分别增加60.4%、33.8%和33.6%, 维管束数目分别增加46.9%、23.8%和23.9% (两年均值)。

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	图3 烯效唑干拌种对甜荞机械组织层数和维管束数目的影响 Fig. 3 Effects of seed dressing with uniconazole powder on the mechanical tissue layer number and vascular bundle number of common buckwheat

2.4.2 机械组织厚度、茎壁厚度和维管束面积

从开花期至成熟期, 甜荞茎秆机械组织厚度(图4-A, B)、茎壁厚度(图4-C, D)和维管束面积(图4-E, F)先增加后降低, 在灌浆期达最大值。烯效唑干拌种对上述参数均有显著影响, 随烯效唑干拌种浓度的增加, 这3个参数均表现先增加后降低, 在T2处理达最大值。两年试验结果表明灌浆期T1、T2和T3处理的机械组织层数较CK分别增加11.5%、33.3%和20.0%, 茎壁厚度分别增加39.2%、100.3%和57.7%, 维管束面积分别增加9.7%、27.9%和17.3%。

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	图4 烯效唑干拌种对甜荞机械组织厚度、茎壁厚度和维管束面积的影响 Fig. 4 Effects of seed dressing with uniconazole powder on the mechanical tissue thickness, culm wall thickness, and vascular bundle area of common buckwheat

2.5 甜荞茎秆形态特性和解剖结构与抗倒伏能力的关系

倒伏率与茎秆抗折力呈极显著负相关, 与倒伏指数呈极显著正相关; 茎秆抗折力与株高、茎秆重心高度、茎秆鲜重和第2节间长呈极显著负相关, 与第2节间粗、第2节间干重、节间充实度、机械组织层数、机械组织厚度、茎壁厚度、维管束数目和维管束面积呈极显著正相关; 倒伏指数和倒伏率与株高、茎秆重心高度、茎秆鲜重和第2节间长呈极显著正相关, 与第2节间粗、第2节间干重、节间充实度、机械组织层数、机械组织厚度、茎壁厚度、维管束数目和维管束面积呈极显著负相关(表3)。表明甜荞茎秆抗倒伏能力与茎秆形态特性和解剖结构密切相关。植株矮小、茎秆粗壮、节间充实、机械组织层数多、机械组织和茎壁厚、维管束数目多且维管束面积大, 是甜荞茎秆抗倒伏能力强的重要特征。

表3 甜荞茎秆形态特性和解剖结构与抗倒伏能力的相关系数 Table 3 Correlation coefficients between morphology characteristics, anatomical structure, and lodging resistance of culm in common buckwheat

3 讨论

3.1 甜荞茎秆抗倒性能的评价

倒伏破坏了作物的群体结构和茎秆的输导系统, 影响根系向叶片输送水分和养分, 导致作物产量和品质的下降, 加大作物机械收获难度^{[31, 32]}。目前, 通常将提高茎秆的机械强度作为作物抗倒性栽培和育种的重要目标之一^[33]。在作物抗倒研究中, 茎秆抗折力是一个重要的力学特征, 直接反映茎秆机械强度。倒伏指数综合考虑了作物茎秆重心高度、茎秆鲜重等形态特性和茎秆抗折力等力学特征, 具有较强的综合评价性能^[34]。在小麦^{[35, 36]}和水稻^{[37, 38]}上的研究表明, 茎秆抗折力越大、倒伏指数越小, 其茎秆的抗倒伏能力越强。本研究结果与此一致, 倒伏率与茎秆抗折力呈极显著负相关, 与倒伏指数呈极显著正相关。因此, 茎秆抗折力和倒伏指数可以作为甜荞茎秆抗倒性能的重要评价指标。

3.2 甜荞茎秆抗倒伏能力与茎秆形态特性和解剖结构的关系

茎秆形态特性和解剖结构与茎秆抗倒伏能力密切相关, 植株越矮、茎秆越粗壮、节间越密集、节间越充实、机械组织层数越多、机械组织和茎壁越厚、维管束数量越多且维管束面积越大, 茎秆机械强度就越大, 会使茎秆抗性能同步增加^{[5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]}。本研究结果也表明, 茎秆抗折力与株高、茎秆重心高度、茎秆鲜重和第2节间长呈极显著负相关, 与第2节间粗、第2节间干重、节间充实度、机械组织层数、机械组织厚度、茎壁厚度、维管束数目和维管束面积呈极显著正相关; 倒伏指数和倒伏率与株高、茎秆重心高度、茎秆鲜重和第2节间长呈极显著正相关, 与第2节间粗、第2节间干重、节间充实度、机械组织层数、机械组织厚度、茎壁厚度、维管束数目和维管束面积呈极显著负相关。说明株高和茎秆重心高度低、茎秆鲜重小、第2节间粗且短、第2节间干重大、节间充实度高、机械组织层数多、机械组织和茎壁厚、维管束数目多且面积大, 有利于增强甜荞茎秆抗倒性能。

3.3 烯效唑干拌种对甜荞茎秆抗倒性能的影响

烯效唑作为一种新型植物生长调节剂, 能有效降低植株高度, 缩短茎秆节间, 加厚茎壁, 增加节间充实度, 增强作物茎秆抗倒伏能力^[23]。本研究结果表明, 烯效唑干拌种处理后, 倒伏级别、倒伏率和倒伏指数明显降低, 茎秆抗折力和产量明显增加。说明烯效唑干拌种可以增加甜荞茎秆机械强度, 降低倒伏的风险, 增强茎秆抗倒伏能力, 增加产量。株高、茎秆重心高度、第2节间长和第2节间粗是影响植株抗倒性能的重要因素。张倩等^[22]研究表明, 烯效唑处理的水稻株高和茎秆重心高度比对照显著下降, 且缩短了基部节间, 增大了茎粗; 陈丽芬等^[39]研究表明, 烯效唑拌种处理能使苦荞植株显著矮化, 茎粗明显增加; 龚万灼等^[40]研究表明, 烯效唑拌种处理可降低大豆株高, 增加茎粗, 缩短节间长度。在本研究中, 烯效唑干拌种处理后, 甜荞株高、茎秆重心高度和第2节间长明显降低, 第2节间粗明显增加, 与前人的研究结果一致, 说明烯效唑干拌种可以使甜荞植株矮化, 基部节间缩短, 重心下移, 基部节间粗度增加, 为甜荞建立良好的株型奠定基础。与对照相比, 烯效唑干拌种处理后的茎秆鲜重明显降低, 第2节间干重和节间充实度明显增加, 说明烯效唑干拌种既可以减轻甜荞茎秆自身的重量, 又能增加茎秆干物质的积累和节间充实度, 增强茎秆抗倒伏能力。烯效唑对茎秆解剖结构有显著影响。王仁怀等^[20]研究表明, 烯效唑处理后, 大麦机械组织层数、机械组织厚度、茎壁厚度、维管束数目和维管束面积显著增加。本研究结果表明, 与对照相比, 烯效唑干拌种处理后, 甜荞茎秆机械组织层数、机械组织厚度、茎壁厚度、维管束数目和维管束面积明显增加。这与前人的研究结果一致。说明烯效唑干拌种能有效优化甜荞茎秆组织结构, 增强茎秆抗倒伏能。当烯效唑干拌种浓度为200 mg kg^-1时, 甜荞产量、茎秆抗折力、第2节间粗、第2节间干重、节间充实度、机械组织层数、机械组织厚度、茎壁厚度、维管束数目和维管束面积均达最小值, 倒伏率、倒伏指数、株高、茎秆重心高度和茎秆鲜重均为最小值。说明当烯效唑干拌种浓度为200 mg kg^-1时, 有利于建立合理的群体结构, 培育健壮的个体, 增加基部节间干物质积累, 最终实现壮秆增产。

4 结论

烯效唑干拌种对甜荞茎秆抗倒性能有显著影响。随烯效唑干拌种浓度的增加, 产量、茎秆抗折力、第2节间粗、第2节间干重、节间充实度、机械组织层数、机械组织厚度、茎壁厚度、维管束数目和维管束面积先增加后降低, 倒伏率、倒伏指数、株高、茎秆重心高度、茎秆鲜重和第2节间长先降低后增加。当烯效唑干拌种浓度为200 mg kg^-1时, 能有效优化甜荞茎秆结构, 改善茎秆质量, 减小倒伏风险, 增加产量。

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

参考文献

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[37]	马均, 马文波, 田彦华, 杨建昌, 周开达, 朱庆森. 重穗型水稻植株抗倒伏能力的研究. 作物学报, 2004, 30: 143-148 Ma J, Ma W B, Tian Y H, Yang J C, Zhou K D, Zhu Q S. The culm lodging resistance of heavy panicle type of rice. Acta Agron Sin, 2004, 30: 143-148 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1]
[38]	李国辉, 钟旭华, 田卡, 黄农荣, 潘俊峰, 何庭蕙. 施氮对水稻茎秆抗倒伏能力的影响极其形态和力学机理. 中国农业科学, 2013, 46: 1323-1334 Li G H, Zhong X H, Tian K, Huang N R, Pan J F, He T H. Effect of nitrogen application on stem lodging resistance of rice and its morphological and mechanical mechanisms. Sci Agric Sin, 2013, 46: 1323-1334 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1]
[39]	陈丽芬, 李凌飞, 陈晔. 烯效唑拌种对苦荞生长的影响. 江西农业学报, 2008, 20(9): 38-39 Chen L F, Li L F, Chen Y. Effects of uniconazole seed-dressing on growth of tartary buckwheat. Acta Agric Jiangxi, 2008, 20(9): 38-39 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1]
[40]	龚万灼, 张正翼, 杨文钰, 李闻珠. 烯效唑干拌种对大豆形态特征和产量的影响. 大豆科学, 2007, 26: 369-376 Gong W Z, Zhang Z Y, Yang W Y, Li W Z. Effect of uniconazole for dry seed treatment on morphological characteristics and yield of soybean. Soybean Sci, 2007, 26: 369-376 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1]

2007

0.0

... )起源于中国, 具有生长期短、适应性强的特点, 是重要的救灾填闲作物和蜜源作物^[1] ...

2009

0.0

杨海霞, 赵丽芹, 付媛, 侯文娟, 张美莉. 甜荞主要贮藏蛋白的分离纯化及功能特性研究. 中国食品学报, 2009, 9(1): 72-76

Yang H

, Zhao L

, Fu

, Hou W

, Zhang M

. Extraction, purification and functional properties of main protein from buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) seeds. J Chin Inst Food Sci Technol, 2009, 9(1): 72-76 (in Chinese with English abstract)

为弄清甜荞(Fagopyrum esculentum Moench)蛋白质的结构和生理功能特性,通过对甜荞清蛋白和球蛋白进行分级提取、盐析以及DEAE-纤维素柱离子交换层析纯化,测定其功能特性,如溶解性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、起泡性和起泡稳定性等.结果表明,甜荞清蛋白主要由分布在分子质量43、31 kDa和15 kDa的组分.球蛋白在分子质量33 kDa和31 kDa处有条带分布.球蛋白较清蛋白有较好的溶解、乳化及起泡能力.

... 我国是甜荞的生产大国, 主产区集中在华北、西北和东北地区, 其中以内蒙古种植面积最大^[2] ...

... 甜荞医食同源, 含有丰富的蛋白质、脂肪、淀粉、维生素、芦丁、矿质元素和植物纤维素, 具有很高的营养、药用及保健品质, 对心血管疾病、糖尿病和便秘等有预防和治疗作用, 已成为21世纪人类的绿色食品之一^[2,3] ...

2013

0.0

1999

0.0

... 倒伏是影响甜荞产量的重要因素之一^[4], 极大地制约了我国甜荞生产的发展及农民种植荞麦的积极性 ...

2008

0.0

魏凤珍, 李金才, 王成雨, 屈会娟, 沈学善. 氮肥运筹模式对小麦茎秆抗倒性能的影响. 作物学报, 2008, 34: 1080-1085

Wei F

, Li J

, Wang C

, Qu H

, Shen X

. Effects of nitrogenous fertilizer application model on culm lodging resistance in winter wheat. Acta Agron Sin, 2008, 34: 1080-1085 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Culm lodging is a common problem in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) production causing yield loss and quality deterioration of grain. Weak mechanical strength of the 1 st and 2 nd basal internodes of culm is the major reason for wheat lodging during late growth period. It is well known that the mechanical strength is closely related to cellulose and lignin contents in culm, which are easily affected by nitrogen fertilizer. Accordingly, lodging resistance can be improved through proper nitrogen application. However, few reports have been found on it so far. We attempted to set up a nitrogen application regime for increasing longing resistance in high-yielding winter wheat through measuring the structure parameters of culm, chemical components of culm cell walls, and the culm lodging resistance index (CLRI). In the present experiment, we employed a wheat cultivar “Yannong 19” with high yield and strong-gluten content in the field with basic nutrition status in 0–20 cm soil layer as organic matter of 2.13%, total N of 1.5 g kg -1 , available N of 115.6 mg kg -1 , available P of 22.8 mg kg -1 , and available K of 142.5 mg kg -1 . N fertilizer treat-ments were set up by randomized block design with three application rates (202.5, 270.0, and 337.5 kg ha -1 , respectively) and three basal-topdressing ratios at pre-sowing, jointing, and booting stages (3:5:2, 5:5:0, and 7:3:0, respectively). The planting den-sity was 2.25´106 plants ha -1 . The results showed that N fertilizer application model significantly affected lodging-resistant capa-bility. Lengths of the 1st and 2nd basal internodes and their N contents increased with the increase of nitrogen levels, especially the basal nitrogen proportion. The cell wall cellulose and lignin contents, and culm lodging resistance index showed the trend of low-high-low in the 3 N levels, but kept decreasing when more basal nitrogen was applied. CLRI was positively correlated with the diameter of basal internodes (r = 0.9254**), thickness of culm wall (r = 0.9087**), filling degree (r = 0.9218**) and mechanical strength (r=0.9662**) of culm, but negatively correlated with the length (r = -0.8421**) and the nitrogen content (r = -0.8658**). The study also indicated the potential of CLRI for wheat lodging evaluation.

以高产强筋小麦品种烟农19为试验材料, 通过不同施氮水平(202.5、270.0和337.5 kg hm -2 )和不同基追比例的施肥试验, 对小麦茎秆结构和细胞壁化学成分及茎秆抗倒指数(CLRI, 茎秆机械强度/茎秆重心高度)等生理生化指标进行了研究。结果表明, 氮肥运筹模式显著影响小麦茎秆抗倒能力。基部节间长度和含氮量均随施氮水平和基肥比例的增加而增加, 基部节间粗度、秆壁厚度、节间充实度、机械强度则表现相反。而细胞壁纤维素、木质素含量和CLRI则随施氮水平的增加呈现出先增后降的趋势, 但随基肥比例的增加而下降。CLRI与基部节间粗度、壁厚、充实度及机械强度呈极显著正相关, 而与基部节间长度和氮含量呈极显著负相关。CLRI可作为小麦抗茎倒伏能力的综合评价指标。

... 作物茎秆的抗倒伏能力与茎秆的形态特性和解剖学结构有密切联系^{[5,6,7,8,9,10]} ...

... 4 茎秆抗折力和倒伏指数的测定参照魏凤珍等^[5]和陈晓光等^[30]描述的方法 ...

... 2 甜荞茎秆抗倒伏能力与茎秆形态特性和解剖结构的关系茎秆形态特性和解剖结构与茎秆抗倒伏能力密切相关, 植株越矮、茎秆越粗壮、节间越密集、节间越充实、机械组织层数越多、机械组织和茎壁越厚、维管束数量越多且维管束面积越大, 茎秆机械强度就越大, 会使茎秆抗性能同步增加^{[5,6,7,8,9,10]} ...

2007

0.0

罗茂春, 田翠婷, 李晓娟, 林金星. 水稻茎秆形态结构特性和化学成分与抗倒伏关系综述. 西北植物学报, 2007, 27: 2346-2353

Luo M

, Tian C

, Li X

, Lin J

. Relationship between morpho-anatomical traits together with chemical components and lodging resistance of stem in rice (Oryza sativa L. ). Acta Bot Boreal-Occident Sin, 2007, 27: 2346-2353 (in Chinese with English abstract)

水稻茎秆形态结构特征和化学成分与其抗倒伏性能相关.本文对水稻茎秆高度、茎秆基部第1、2节间长度、茎秆粗细、茎壁厚度、厚壁组织(机械组织)数量和强度、维管束数量、细胞壁纤维素和木质素含量、细胞中碳水化合物积累的数量、硅与钾的含量以及茎秆抗倒伏相关的QTL等与水稻的抗倒伏性的相互关系进行了综述,为水稻抗倒伏优良品种性状的选育提供参考.

... 作物茎秆的抗倒伏能力与茎秆的形态特性和解剖学结构有密切联系^{[5,6,7,8,9,10]} ...

1991

0.0

王群瑛, 胡昌浩. 玉米茎秆抗倒特性的解剖研究. 作物学报, 1991, 17: 70-75

Wang Q

, Hu C

. Studies on the anatomical structures of the stalks of maize with different resistance to lodging. Acta Agron Sin, 1991, 17: 70-75 (in Chinese with English abstract)

The anatomical structures of the stalks of 3 maize varieties/hybrids,namely,XiaoliHong,a non-resistant local variety,Yedan No.4,a hybrid highly resistant to lodging,andYedan No.2,a hybrid with intermediate resistance,were studied for their different resist-ance to lodging.All 3 were grown in the sam

用易倒伏的老农家品种小粒红和中抗倒伏掖单2号高产杂交种以及高抗倒伏的掖单4号高产杂交种,田间春播,于蜡熟期取地上第三节间测定,结果表明:掖单4号茎秆硬皮组织厚,机械组织发达,维管束鞘厚度大,单位面积内维管束数目多,纤维细胞机械性能好,木质化薄壁细胞多,茎秆中构成物质多等,因此抗倒能力强。

... 作物茎秆的抗倒伏能力与茎秆的形态特性和解剖学结构有密切联系^{[5,6,7,8,9,10]} ...

2012

0.0

崔海岩, 靳立斌, 李波, 张吉旺, 赵斌, 董树亭, 刘鹏. 遮阴对夏玉米茎秆形态结构和倒伏的影响. 中国农业科学, 2012, 45: 3497-3505

Cui H

, Jin L

, Li

, Zhang J

, Zhao

, Dong S

, Liu

. Effects of shading on stalks morphology, structure and lodging of summer maize in field. Sci Agric Sin, 2012, 45: 3497-3505 (in Chinese with English abstract)

【Objective】 With the decreasing of the solar radiation in China, effects of shading (low light stress) on stalk morphology and microstructure of summer maize were studied to provide a theoretical basis for summer maize to adapt the current climatic condition of insufficient illumination. 【Method】 Summer maize was grown under the shading condition with a shading degree of 60%. Three shading treatments were designed in growing season ranged from tasseling to maturity (S1), from jointing to tasseling stage (S2) and whole growing period (S3), respectively. Two summer maize cultivars Denghai605 (DH605) and Zhengdan958 (ZD958) were used as experimental materials. Effects of shading in different growing seasons on stem characters and lodging property of summer maize were investigated. 【Result】 Results showed that plant height, ear height, leaf area index, the third internodes length, cross sectional area of stem, and stalk rind penetration strength reduced significantly after shading, and the response to different shading stages showed: S1＜S2＜S3. Compared to CK, stalk rind penetration strength of DH605 and ZD958 reduced by 22.23% and 24.41%, respectively. Stem rind thickness, vascular bundle number, the area of the central vascular bundle, xylem and phloem reduced significantly. Lodging property in fields increased significantly, and the lodging rate of DH605 and ZD958 in S3 were 36.5% and 24.7%, respectively. Furthermore, grain yield, kernel number per ear and harvest ear number reduced significantly. Barrenness increased and grain yield of S3 reduced. 【Conclusion】Shading had significant effects on stem form. Stem lodging resistance was also reduced by decreased basal internode length, diameter, puncture strength, hard skin tissue thickness and vascular bundle number, thus influencing yield formation. Shading before anthesis had a great influence on the lodging rate.

【目的】在太阳辐射不断减少的气候条件下，探讨遮阴（弱光胁迫）对夏玉米茎秆形态及其显微结构的影响。【方法】以登海605（DH605）和郑单958（ZD958）为试验材料，大田条件下设置花粒期遮阴（S1）、穗期遮阴（S2）、全生育期遮阴（S3）3个处理，遮光度为60%，以自然光为对照（CK），研究弱光胁迫对夏玉米茎秆性状及其倒伏的影响。【结果】遮阴后夏玉米株高、穗位高和叶面积指数，地上第3茎节长、茎节横截面积、茎秆穿刺强度均显著降低，且遮阴时期对其影响表现为S1＜S2＜S3；DH605和ZD958的茎秆穿刺强度分别较对照降低22.23%和24.41%。茎秆硬皮组织厚度和维管束数目及中央大维管束面积、木质部面积、韧皮部面积较对照也显著降低，田间倒伏率显著升高，全生育期遮阴两品种倒伏率分别高达36.5%和24.7%。遮阴后空秆率增加，收获穗数、穗粒数显著降低，产量下降，减产幅度表现为S3＞S1＞S2。【结论】夏玉米生长期内光照不足影响产量形成，改变植株形态，通过降低基部节间长度、粗度、穿刺强度和茎秆硬皮组织厚度，减少维管束数目，降低茎秆抗倒伏性能，且花前遮阴对田间倒伏率的影响大于花后遮阴。

... 作物茎秆的抗倒伏能力与茎秆的形态特性和解剖学结构有密切联系^{[5,6,7,8,9,10]} ...

2013

0.0

... 作物茎秆的抗倒伏能力与茎秆的形态特性和解剖学结构有密切联系^{[5,6,7,8,9,10]} ...

2009

0.0

王芬娥, 黄高宝, 郭维俊, 张锋伟, 赵多佳. 小麦茎秆力学性能与微观结构研究. 农业机械学报, 2009, 40(5): 92-95

Wang F

, Huang G

, Guo W

, Zhang F

, Wu J

, Zhao D

. Mechanical properties and micro-structure of wheat stems. Trans Chin Soc Agric Machinery, 2009, 40(5): 92-95 (in Chinese with English abstract)

摘　要：测定了小麦成熟期茎秆的力学性能,研究了茎秆的应力-应变规律。试验观察了茎秆的微观组织结构,得到了茎秆扫描电镜下的解剖构造图像。分析了小麦茎秆承载能力与微观组织结构的相互关系,建立了茎秆横截面的力学模型。结果表明：小麦茎秆是一种典型的多相、筛状、不连续、不均匀和各向异性的复合材料,茎秆具有较高的强度和良好的弹性,其承载能力取决于机械组织的厚度、维管束的数量以及各组织及其细胞之间的连接形式和连接强度,小麦茎秆的抗拉强度为30.36~52.65 MPa,弹性模量为1.14~2.05 GPa。

... 作物茎秆的抗倒伏能力与茎秆的形态特性和解剖学结构有密切联系^{[5,6,7,8,9,10]} ...

2011

0.0

... 茎秆越粗壮、节间越密集、节间充实度越高、机械组织层数越多、机械组织和茎壁越厚、维管束数目越多且维管束面积越大就越能增强茎秆的抗折力和抗倒伏能力^{[11,12,13,14,15,16]} ...

2012

0.0

杨艳华, 朱镇, 张亚东, 赵庆勇, 周丽慧, 王才林. 水稻茎秆解剖结构与抗倒伏能力关系的研究. 广西植物, 2012, 32: 834-839

Yang Y

, Zhu

, Zhang Y

, Zhao Q

, Zhou L

, Wang C

. Relationship between anatomic structure of the stem and lodging resistance of rice. Guihaia, 2012, 32: 834-839 (in Chinese with English abstract)

利用石蜡切片法研究了抗倒伏水稻品种南粳44、武运粳7号与不抗倒伏水稻品系宁7412基部茎秆解剖结构及其与水稻抗倒伏能力的关系。结果表明:抗倒伏水稻品种南粳44和武运粳7号基部节间的维管束数目较多,维管束鞘较厚,细胞层数较多,细胞排列紧密、体积较小;而不抗倒伏水稻品系宁7412基部节间的维管束数目偏少,维管束鞘较薄, 细胞层数较少,细胞体积大。从解剖结构还可看出,南粳44和武运粳7号茎秆内的贮藏物质明显多于宁7412。这些茎秆解剖结构的差异可用于区分不同水稻品种(系)的抗倒性强弱,可以作为抗倒伏水稻品种的选育指标和筛选依据,为水稻抗倒伏品种的选育提供了理论依据。

2011

0.0

刘仲发, 勾玲, 赵明, 张保军. 遮阴对玉米茎秆形态特征、穿刺强度及抗倒伏能力的影响. 华北农学报, 2011, 26(4): 91-96

Liu Z

, Gou

, Zhao

, Zhang B

. Effects of shading on stalk morphological characteristics, rind penetration strength and lodging resistance of maize. Acta Agric Boreal-Sin, 2011, 26(4): 91-96 (in Chinese with English abstract)

大田条件下,研究遮荫处理对玉米不同类型品种的茎秆形态特征及抗倒力学强度的影响.结果表明:稀植大穗品种JK519对弱光胁迫反应较为敏感,遮荫处理后玉米株高和穗位高均显著下降,叶面积指数降低.基部节间缩短、直径变小,单位节间长干质量减少.茎秆穿刺强度在30％和60％遮荫条件下分别下降36.4％和66.0％,田间倒伏率严重.而紧凑耐密品种CS1在遮荫 30％胁迫下穗位高、LAI下降不明显；节间缩短,但直径和单位节间长干质量变化不大；穿刺强度仅下降5.9％,田间倒伏较轻；在遮荫60％胁迫下,穿刺强度明显下降,倒伏加重.同时各个品种均随遮荫程度的增加,最终玉米产量、收获穗数、单穗粒数和千粒重明显降低.因此,30％遮荫处理(弱光胁迫)可推荐作为玉米高产抗倒品种茎秆力学强度鉴定和筛选条件之一.

2003

0.0

1994

0.0

2003

0.0

2005

0.0

杨文钰, 樊高琼, 任万军, 王竹, 于振文, 余松烈. 烯效唑干拌种对小麦根叶生理功能的影响. 中国农业科学, 2005, 38: 1339-1345

Yang W

, Fan G

, Ren W

, Wang

, Yu Z

, Yu S

. Physiological effect of uniconazole waterless-dressed seeds on root and leaf of wheat. Sci Agric Sin, 2005, 38: 1339-1345 (in Chinese with English abstract)

For a better understanding of the yield-increasing mechanism of wheat with uniconazole, the physiological effects of uniconazole (S-3307) waterless-dressed seeds on root and leaf of wheat were studied with different varieties and nitrogen levels in traditional field experiments and soil column culture. The results showed that S-3307 increased root vigor, which resulted in the absorption of 32P increased by 20.2% and the proportions of 32P distributed to tiller increased by 570% over the control. S-3307 also significantly increased the area of top leaf, improved the photosynthetic capacity of leaf, promoted the assimilatory ability of leaf by 25.9% as compared with the control, and distributed more 14C assimilates to roots and tiller nodes. At the later stage, S-3307 increased SOD activity, reduced MDA content in root and leaf. It is concluded that the best concentration of S-3307 is 20 mg per kg seeds.

为探明烯效唑对小麦的增产机理，通过常规田间试验和土柱栽培试验，研究了不同品种、不同施氮条件下烯效唑干拌种对小麦根、叶生理功能的影响。结果表明，烯效唑提高了根系活力，使根系对32P的吸收强度增加了20.2%，并大量分配给分蘖，比对照提高了5.7倍。叶面积显著增加，光合能力增强，单株对CO2的同化力提高了25.9%，14C同化物分配给根系和分蘖节的比例提高。生育后期，根、叶中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的活性增强,丙二醛（MDA）的含量降低。烯效唑的使用浓度以20 mg·kg-1为最佳。

... 烯效唑是一种新型植物生长调节剂, 它是高效的抗倒伏剂和良好的杀菌剂, 具有生物活性高、使用安全等特点^[17,18,19] ...

1996

0.0

潘瑞炽. 植物生长延缓剂的生化效应. 植物生理学通讯, 1996, 32(3): 161-168

Pan R

. Biochemical effects of plant growth retardants. Plant Physiol Commun, 1996, 32(3): 161-168 (in Chinese with English abstract)

植物生长延缓剂的生化功能主要是抑制GA的生物合成。根据抑制的位置，分成类化合物（抑制GGPP转变为内根-贝壳杉烯的过程）、含氮杂环化合物（抑制内根-贝壳杉烯转变为内根-贝壳杉烯酸的过程）和酰基环己烷二酮（抑制GA12醛转变为GA8的过程）等三类。某些植物生长延缓剂还有抑制甾醇生物合成，影响ABA、乙烯、多胺及细胞分裂素代谢等副作用。

... 烯效唑是一种新型植物生长调节剂, 它是高效的抗倒伏剂和良好的杀菌剂, 具有生物活性高、使用安全等特点^[17,18,19] ...

1985

0.0

... 烯效唑是一种新型植物生长调节剂, 它是高效的抗倒伏剂和良好的杀菌剂, 具有生物活性高、使用安全等特点^[17,18,19] ...

1996

0.0

王仁杯, 徐绍英. 烯效唑对大麦的降矮抗倒效应及其机理研究. 浙江农业大学学报, 1996, 22: 579-584

Wang R

, Xu S

. Study on uniconazole anti-lodgy ability and its mechanism in barley. J Zhejiang Agric Univ, 1996, 22: 579-584 (in Chinese with English abstract)

摘　要：

... 烯效唑能降低作物株高和茎秆重心高度, 缩短茎秆基部节间长度, 增大茎粗, 增加节间充实度、茎秆机械组织层数、机械组织厚度、茎壁厚度、维管束数目和维管束面积, 增强茎秆抗倒伏能力, 增加产量^{[20,21,22,23]} ...

... 王仁怀等^[20]研究表明, 烯效唑处理后, 大麦机械组织层数、机械组织厚度、茎壁厚度、维管束数目和维管束面积显著增加 ...

2010

0.0

2011

0.0

... 张倩等^[22]研究表明, 烯效唑处理的水稻株高和茎秆重心高度比对照显著下降, 且缩短了基部节间, 增大了茎粗 ...

2011

0.0

... 3 烯效唑干拌种对甜荞茎秆抗倒性能的影响烯效唑作为一种新型植物生长调节剂, 能有效降低植株高度, 缩短茎秆节间, 加厚茎壁, 增加节间充实度, 增强作物茎秆抗倒伏能力^[23] ...

2004

0.0

杨文钰, 于振文, 余松烈, 樊高琼, 韩惠芳, 董兆勇, 梁雪莲. 烯效唑干拌种对小麦的增产作用. 作物学报, 2004, 30: 502-506

Yang W

, Yu Z

, Yu S

, Fan G

, Han H

, Dong Z

, Liang X

. Effects of uniconazole waterless-dressing seed on yield of wheat. Acta Agron Sin, 2004, 30: 502-506 (in Chinese with English abstract)

The effects of uniconazole(S-3307) waterless-dressing seed on yield of wheat under different varieties,sowing dates, planting densities and nitrogen application levels were studied from 1996 to 2001. The results showed that S-3307 20 mg per kg seed was the best treatment to increase yield. The effec

研究了不同品种、不同播期、不同密度和不同施氮条件下烯效唑干拌种对小麦的产量效应。结果表明，烯效唑干拌种提高了不同品种、播期、密度和施氮量下小麦的产量，以20 mg/kg的效果最好，烯效唑的平均增产效应在品种间差异不显著，早、迟播时增产效应更大，适宜浓度的烯效唑（10～20 mg/kg）与较高密度的基本苗（180～270×10

... 拌种是一种用药量少、污染小、成本低、操作简单、农民易接受的施药方式^[24] ...

2015

0.0

汪灿, 阮仁武, 袁晓辉, 王诗学, 李蔓, 易泽林. 不同荞麦品种抗倒伏能力与根系及茎秆性状的关系. 西南大学学报(自然科学版), 2015, 37(1): 65-71

Wang

, Ruan R

, Yuan X

, Wang S

, Li

, Yi Z

. Relationship between root and stem traits and lodging resistance in different buckwheat cultivars. J Southwest Univ (Nat Sci Edn), 2015, 37(1): 65-71 (in Chinese with English abstract)

以抗倒性不同的2个荞麦品种为材料，观测了不同时期根系和茎秆性状指标以及茎秆抗折力参数和倒伏指数的变化，探讨抗倒伏能力与根系及茎秆性状的关系。不同荞麦品种间倒伏指数和茎秆抗折力参数存在差异；在根系性状中，倒伏指数与根粗呈极显著负相关（ r ＝－0?999， p ＜0?01），与侧根数目和根系干鲜比呈显著负相关（r ＝－0?985，－0?988， p ＜0?05），而与主根长呈极显著正相关（ r ＝0?999， p ＜0?01），与根体积和最长侧根长呈不显著的正相关（r ＝0?918，0?842， p ＞0?05）；在茎秆性状中，倒伏指数与茎秆质量呈显著负相关（r ＝－0?973，p ＜0?05），与第1节间长呈极显著正相关（r ＝0?999，p ＜0?01），而与根冠比和第1节间粗呈不显著的负相关（r ＝－0?827，－0?855，p ＞0?05）。研究表明：根系粗壮，根系干鲜比大，侧根数目多，茎秆质量大，茎秆第1节间长度较短的荞麦品种，其倒伏指数小，茎秆抗折力参数大，抗倒伏能力强。

... 本课题组前期研究表明, 茎秆粗壮、茎秆质量好、基部节间短、茎秆木质素含量高且相关合成酶活性强、机械组织层数多、机械组织和茎壁厚、维管束数目多且维管束面积大的甜荞品种, 其茎秆抗折力参数大、倒伏指数小、抗倒伏能力强^{[25,26,27,28]}, 而关于烯效唑干拌种对甜荞茎秆抗倒性能的影响尚不清楚 ...

2014

0.0

汪灿, 阮仁武, 袁晓辉, 胡丹, 杨浩, 林婷婷, 何沛龙, 李燕, 易泽林. 荞麦茎秆解剖结构和木质素代谢及其与抗倒性的关系. 作物学报, 2014, 40: 1846-1856

Wang

, Ruan R

, Yuan X

, Hu

, Yang

, Lin T

, He P

, Li

, Yi Z

. Relationship of anatomical structure and lignin metabolism with lodging resistance of culm in buckwheat. Acta Agron Sin, 2014, 40: 1846-1856 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Lodging is a major problem in buckwheat ( Fagopyrum esculentum Moench ) production. In this study, we investigated the relationship between anatomical structure together with lignin metabolism and lodging resistance. The results indicated that the lodging resistance of culm in buckwheat was closely related to the anatomical structure and lignin metabolism of culm. The lodging percentage was negatively correlated with snapping resistance parameter of culm ( r = –0.907, P , lignin content ( r = –0.844, P , mechanical tissue thickness ( r = –0.881, P , culm wall thickness ( r = –0.947, P , vascular bundle area ( r = –0.846, P , mechanical tissue layer number ( r = –0.806, P r = –0.709, P , but positively correlated with lodging index ( r = 0.842 , P . The lignin content was positively correlated with activities of phenylalanine ammonialyase ( r = 0.984, P 4-coumarate: CoA ligase ( r = 0.927, P cinnam yl alcohol dehydrogenase ( r = 0.862, P Therefore, lignin content in culm, mechanical tissue layer number, mechanical tissue thickness, culm wall thickness, large vascular bundle number, and vascular bundle area can be used as main indicators to evaluate lodging resistance in buckwheat. Buckwheat cultivars with high resistance to culm snapping and lodging usually have high lignin content, large number of mechanical tissue layer, and large number of vascular bundle, and thick mechanical tissue and culm wall, and large vascular bundle area.

以抗倒伏能力不同的 4 个荞麦品种研究表明，荞麦茎秆抗倒伏能力与茎秆解剖结构和木质素代谢密切相关。倒伏率与茎秆抗折力参数 ( r = –0.907, P 、木质素含量 ( r = –0.844, P 、机械组织厚度 ( r = –0.881, P 、茎壁厚度 ( r = –0.947, P 、维管束面积 ( r = –0.846, P 、机械组织层数 ( r = –0.806, P 和大维管束数目 ( r = –0.709, P 呈显著负相关，而与倒伏指数 ( r = 0.842, P ) 呈显著正相关。木质素含量与苯丙氨酸解氨酶 (PAL) 活性 ( r = 0.984, P 、 4- 香豆酸 :CoA 连接酶 (4CL) 活性 ( r = 0.927, P 和肉桂醇脱氢酶 (CAD) 活性 ( r = 0.862, P 呈显著正相关。茎秆木质素含量、机械组织层数、机械组织厚度、茎壁厚度、大维管束数目和维管束面积可以作为荞麦茎秆抗倒伏能力的重要评价指标。茎秆木质素含量高、机械组织层数多、机械组织和茎壁厚、大维管束数目多且维管束面积大的荞麦品种，其茎秆抗折力参数大、倒伏指数小、抗倒伏能力强。

2014

0.0

2015

0.0

1988

0.0

... 根据主茎与地面的夹角度数将倒伏程度分为0~5级^[29], 0级为75#cod#x000b0 ...

2011

0.0

陈晓光, 史春余, 尹燕枰, 王振林, 石玉华, 彭佃亮, 倪英丽, 蔡铁. 小麦茎秆木质素代谢及其与抗倒性的关系. 作物学报, 2011, 37: 1616-1622

Chen X

, Shi C

, Yin Y

, Wang Z

, Shi Y

, Peng D

, Ni Y

, Cai

. Relationship between lignin metabolism and lodging resistance in wheat. Acta Agron Sin, 2011, 37: 1616-1622 (in Chinese with English abstract)

As a component of cell wall, lignin is believed to be relevant to mechanical intensity of culm. In this study, we investigated the dynamic changes of lignin content and activities of four enzymes involved in lignin metabolism in culm as well as the snapping resistance and lodging index of wheat ( Tritcum aestivum L.) to disclose the relationship between lignin content and lodging resistance. The lignin content and activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), tyrosine ammonia-lyase (TAL), cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD), and 4-coumarate: CoA ligase (4CL) were tested with the second internode of six cultivars with different lodging resistance. The snapping resistance and culm lodging index were determined at anthesis, milking, and maturity stages. The lignin content varied significantly among cultivars. Jimai 22 and Jimai 20, which showed high resistance to culm snapping and loging, had higher lignin content and the activities of PAL, TAL, CAD, and 4CL than other cultivars. The lignin content was negatively correlated with the actual lodging ratio ( r = -0.83, P 0.05), and positively correlated with the snapping resistance of culm ( r = 0.86, P 0.05). The activities of PAL, TAL, and CAD were positively correlated with lignin content with correlation coefficients of 0.78 ( P 0.05), 0.77 ( P 0.05) and 0.85 ( P 0.05), respectively. Based on these results, we conclude that high activities of PAL and CAD are the enzymatic basis of increased lignin content, and the lignin content in culm can be used as an important indicator to evaluate lodging resistance of wheat.

以抗倒性不同的6个小麦品种为材料，观测了茎秆基部第二节间的木质素含量及苯丙氨酸转氨酶(PAL)、酪氨酸解氨酶(TAL)、肉桂醇脱氢酶(CAD)和4-香豆酸: CoA连接酶(4CL)活性以及不同时期茎秆抗折力和倒伏指数的变化，探讨木质素含量与抗倒伏能力的关系。不同小麦品种的茎秆木质素含量存在明显差异。茎秆抗折力大、倒伏指数小的品种(济麦20和济麦22)，其茎秆木质素含量高，PAL、TAL、CAD和4CL活性强。相关分析表明，茎秆木质素含量与实际倒伏率呈显著负相关( r = -0.83, P r = 0.86, P PAL 、TAL和CAD活性与木质素含量呈显著正相关( r =0.78, 0.77, 0.85, P r =0.39, P >0.05)。研究表明，较高的PAL和CAD活性是木质素含量高的酶学基础，茎秆木质素含量可作为小麦品种抗倒伏性评价的一个重要指标。

... 4 茎秆抗折力和倒伏指数的测定参照魏凤珍等^[5]和陈晓光等^[30]描述的方法 ...

2011

0.0

... 1 甜荞茎秆抗倒性能的评价倒伏破坏了作物的群体结构和茎秆的输导系统, 影响根系向叶片输送水分和养分, 导致作物产量和品质的下降, 加大作物机械收获难度^[31,32] ...

2012

0.0

2014

0.0

... 目前, 通常将提高茎秆的机械强度作为作物抗倒性栽培和育种的重要目标之一^[33] ...

2005

0.0

李金才, 尹钧, 魏凤珍. 播种密度对冬小麦茎秆形态特征和抗倒指数的影响. 作物学报, 2005, 31: 662-666

Li J

, Yin

, Wei F

. Effects of planting density on characters of culm and culm lodging resistant index in winter wheat. Acta Agron Sin, 2005, 31: 662-666 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Effects of planting density on relationship between planting density and characters of culm and culm lodging resistant index in winter wheat were carried out on the experiment farm of Anhui Agricultural University from 2001 to 2002. The main results indicated: different planting densities significan

于2001－2002年在安徽农业大学试验农场研究了不同播种密度对冬小麦茎秆形态特征和抗倒指数的影响。结果表明：播种密度大小显著影响茎秆形态特征、植株C/N比大小和茎秆抗倒指数，小麦茎秆形态特征与植株的抗倒性密切相关。其中，基部三节间的健壮程度与小麦抗倒关系最为密切，相关程度为：第2节间＞第1节间＞第3节间。茎秆健

... 倒伏指数综合考虑了作物茎秆重心高度、茎秆鲜重等形态特性和茎秆抗折力等力学特征, 具有较强的综合评价性能^[34] ...

2011

0.0

陈晓光, 王振林, 彭佃亮, 李勇, 蔡铁, 王平, 陈二影. 种植密度与喷施多效唑对冬小麦抗倒伏能力和产量的影响. 应用生态学报, 2011, 22: 1465-1470

Chen X

, Wang Z

, Peng D

, Li

, Cai

, Wang

, Chen E

. Effects of planting density and spraying PP₃₃₃ on winter wheat lodging-resistance and grain yield. Chin J Appl Ecol, 2011, 22: 1465-1470 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Taking two winter wheat varieties Gaocheng 8901 and Yannong 21 with different end-use qualities as test objects, a field experiment was conducted in the experimental farm of Shandong Agricultural University from 2008 to 2010, aimed to study the effects of different planting density and spraying PP333 on the basal stem morphological characteristics, snapping-resistance, lodging-resistant index, and grain yield. Gaocheng 8901 had higher lodging-resistance but lower grain yield than Yannong 21. Comparing with low planting density (180×10 4 basic seedlings per hm 2 ), high planting density (240×10 4 basic seedlings per hm 2 ) decreased the culm snapping-resistance and lodging-resistant index of the two varieties, especially Yannong 21. Spraying PP333 decreased the plant height and the basal internodes length, increased the snapping-resistance and lodging-resistant index, strengthened the lodging-resistance, and improved the spike number and grain yield. Correlation analysis showed that the second internode length, percentage of basal internodes (1+2) length to total internode length, and apparent lodging ratio were significantly negatively correlated with culm lodging resistant index. Therefore, to adopt an appropriate planting density combined with spraying PP333 could improve the lodging-resistance of winter wheat and its grain yield, being an important high-yielding cultivation technique for wheat production in sub-humid zone.

于2008—2010年2个生长季在山东农业大学试验农场，以烟农21和藁城8901为材料，研究了不同种植密度下喷施多效唑对冬小麦基部茎秆形态特征、抗折力和抗倒指数及产量的影响.结果表明：藁城8901的抗倒伏能力高于烟农21，但籽粒产量低.与低密度（基本苗为180×10 4 株·hm -2 ）条件相比，同一品种高密度（基本苗为240×10 4 株·hm -2 ）使茎秆抗折力和抗倒指数下降，尤以烟农21表现更为明显.喷施多效唑可明显降低株高和基部节间长度，显著提高茎秆抗折力和抗倒伏指数，增强其抗倒伏能力，提高单位面积穗数和产量.相关分析表明，茎秆抗倒伏指数与基部第2节间长度、基部(1+2)节间长度占节间总长的比例和表观倒伏率均呈显著负相关.因此，采用合理的种植密度并结合喷施多效唑，能够提高小麦的抗倒伏能力和产量，可作为半湿润地区小麦高产栽培的重要技术措施.

... 在小麦^[35,36]和水稻^[37,38]上的研究表明, 茎秆抗折力越大、倒伏指数越小, 其茎秆的抗倒伏能力越强 ...

2011

0.0

陈晓光, 石玉华, 王成雨, 尹燕枰, 宁堂原, 史春余, 李勇, 王振林. 氮肥和多效唑对小麦茎秆木质素合成的影响及其与抗倒伏性的关系. 中国农业科学, 2011, 44: 3529-3536

Chen X

, Shi Y

, Wang C

, Yin Y

, Ning T

, Shi C

, Li

, Wang Z

. Effects of nitrogen and PP₃₃₃ application on the lignin synthesis of stem in relation to lodging resistance of wheat. Sci Agric Sin, 2011, 44: 3529-3536 (in Chinese with English abstract)

【Objective】 This study was carried out to elucidate the effects of nitrogen and PP333 application on lignin content in culm of wheat, and discuss the physiological mechanism of nitrogen and PP333 in regulating the lodging resistance of wheat. 【Method】A field experiment was conducted with two nitrogen application rates and two PP333 levels to study the changes of snapping resistance, culm lodging resistance index (CLRI), lignin content and activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), tyrosine ammonia-lyase (TAL), cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) and 4-coumarate CoA ligase (4CL) of wheat, and the effect of nitrogen and spraying PP333 on the lignin content, related enzyme activities in the lignin biosynthesis of wheat and their relationships with lodging resistance.【Result】 Compared with the low N (225 kg•hm-2) rate, the high N (300 kg•hm-2) rate reduced the PAL, TAL, CAD and 4CL activities and lignin content, reduced snapping resistance and CLRI of the same cultivar. The application of PP333 improved the PAL, TAL and CAD activities, increased lignin content, snapping resistance and CLRI, thus reduced lodging area and lodging degree. Correlation analysis showed that the lignin content of basal stem had a significant and positive correlation with PAL, CAL and CAD activity and CLRI, respectively, yet had no significant correlation with 4CL activity.【Conclusion】The high N(300 kg•hm-2) rate reduced the PAL, TAL,CAD enzyme activities and lodging resistance. Spraying PP333 improved the PAL, TAL, CAD enzyme activities and lignin content, and thus enhanced the lodging resistance.

【目的】明确氮肥和多效唑对小麦茎秆木质素含量的影响，探讨氮肥和多效唑调节茎秆抗倒伏能力的机制。【方法】以小麦品种烟农21和藁城8901为材料，通过田间试验和室内分析，研究氮肥和多效唑对小麦不同时期茎秆抗折力、抗倒伏指数、木质素含量的影响以及木质素合成相关酶的活性变化。【结果】同品种条件下，与低施氮（225 kg•hm-2）处理相比，高施氮（300 kg•hm-2）处理降低了茎秆苯丙氨酸转氨酶（PAL）、酪氨酸解氨酶（TAL）、肉桂醇脱氢酶（CAD）和4-香豆酸:CoA连接酶（4CL）的活性，茎秆木质素含量、抗折力和抗倒伏指数降低。而喷施多效唑显著提高茎秆PAL、TAL和CAD的活性，木质素含量、茎秆抗折力和抗倒伏指数提高，倒伏面积和倒伏程度降低。相关分析表明，茎秆抗倒伏指数与木质素含量呈显著正相关（r=0.61，P＜0.05）；木质素含量与PAL、TAL和CAD酶活性呈显著正相关，与4CL酶活性相关不显著。【结论】高施氮量处理降低了茎秆木质素合成相关酶的活性和木质素含量，茎秆抗倒伏能力降低。而施用多效唑显著提高茎秆木质素合成相关酶的活性和木质素含量，进而增强了茎秆抗倒伏能力。

... 在小麦^[35,36]和水稻^[37,38]上的研究表明, 茎秆抗折力越大、倒伏指数越小, 其茎秆的抗倒伏能力越强 ...

2004

0.0

马均, 马文波, 田彦华, 杨建昌, 周开达, 朱庆森. 重穗型水稻植株抗倒伏能力的研究. 作物学报, 2004, 30: 143-148

, Ma W

, Tian Y

, Yang J

, Zhou K

, Zhu Q

. The culm lodging resistance of heavy panicle type of rice. Acta Agron Sin, 2004, 30: 143-148 (in Chinese with English abstract)

The lodging resistance of the culm and its physics characteristics and mechanics tissue related to the trait in heavy panicle type of rice (HPT) were studied. The weight per panicle and the grain yield were significantly positively correlated with the plant height. The heavier panicle and the higher

以18个不同穗重型水稻品种为材料，研究了重穗型水稻植株的抗倒伏能力及其与茎秆的物理性状、机械组织特性的关系。结果表明：重穗型品种单穗重大、产量高与其株高的适当增加密切相关。重穗型品种由于单穗重和株高的增加，弯曲力矩加大，但抗折力也明显提高，故而其茎秆抗倒伏能力并未降低。重穗型品种茎秆抗折力强的主要原因

... 在小麦^[35,36]和水稻^[37,38]上的研究表明, 茎秆抗折力越大、倒伏指数越小, 其茎秆的抗倒伏能力越强 ...

2013

0.0

李国辉, 钟旭华, 田卡, 黄农荣, 潘俊峰, 何庭蕙. 施氮对水稻茎秆抗倒伏能力的影响极其形态和力学机理. 中国农业科学, 2013, 46: 1323-1334

Li G

, Zhong X

, Tian

, Huang N

, Pan J

, He T

. Effect of nitrogen application on stem lodging resistance of rice and its morphological and mechanical mechanisms. Sci Agric Sin, 2013, 46: 1323-1334 (in Chinese with English abstract)

【Objective】 Lodging is one of the important constraints to high yield and stable production of rice. This study investigated the effects of nitrogen application on stem lodging resistance and its relationship with stem morphological and mechanical traits. The mechanisms of stem lodging resistance were explored. Results of the study will provide a theoretical basis for lodging resistance and high yield cultivation of rice. 【Method】 An indica rice cv. Yinjinruanzhan was grown in field experiments conducted with four nitrogen levels at Guangzhou. Lodging index and morphological and mechanical traits of basal culms were measured.【Result】As nitrogen input increased, plant height, gravity center height and basal internode length increased, basal internode plumpness declined, breaking resistance and elastic modulus decreased, lodging index increased and lodging resistance declined. Nitrogen treatment affected stem morphological and mechanical traits of rice. Lodging index was positively correlated with plant height, gravity center height and basal internode length, while negatively correlated with basal internode plumpness, breaking resistance and elastic modulus, and mostly significant. Positive correlation was found between lodging index and spikelet number per m2, while the correlation between lodging index and filled grain rate and 1000-grain weight were negative.【Conclusion】Nitrogen application affects stem lodging resistance through morphological traits such as plant height, gravity center height, basal internode length, basal internode plumpness, and mechanical traits such as stem bending moment and breaking resistance.

【目的】研究施氮对水稻茎秆抗倒伏能力的影响及其与茎秆形态性状和力学性状的关系及其作用机理，为水稻抗倒高产栽培调控提供依据。【方法】以常规籼稻银晶软占为材料，设置4个氮水平，进行大田试验，研究施氮对水稻茎秆基部节间形态和力学性状的影响及其与倒伏指数的关系。【结果】施氮影响水稻茎秆的形态和力学性状。随着施氮量的增加，株高增加，重心上移，基部节间长度增加，节间充实度下降，抗折力和弹性模量减小，茎秆倒伏指数增加，抗倒伏能力下降。倒伏指数与株高、重心高度及基部节间长度呈正相关，而与基部节间充实度、抗折力及弹性模量呈负相关，且相关系数大多达到显著或极显著水平。倒伏指数与单位面积有效穗数和每穗总粒数呈显著或极显著正相关，而与结实率和千粒重呈负相关趋势。【结论】株高、重心高度、基部节间长度和基部节间充实度等形态性状，以及弯曲力矩、抗折力等力学性状，是影响水稻茎秆抗倒伏能力的主要因素。

... 在小麦^[35,36]和水稻^[37,38]上的研究表明, 茎秆抗折力越大、倒伏指数越小, 其茎秆的抗倒伏能力越强 ...

2008

0.0

陈丽芬, 李凌飞, 陈晔. 烯效唑拌种对苦荞生长的影响. 江西农业学报, 2008, 20(9): 38-39

Chen L

, Li L

, Chen

. Effects of uniconazole seed-dressing on growth of tartary buckwheat. Acta Agric Jiangxi, 2008, 20(9): 38-39 (in Chinese with English abstract)

以九江苦荞为材料,采用拌种处理方法,探讨了烯效唑对苦荞生长的影响.研究结果表明,烯效唑处理能使苦荞植株显著矮化,叶面积缩小,茎节数、茎粗明显增加,根干重显著增加.以200～400 mg/1kg烯效唑处理效果较佳.

... 陈丽芬等^[39]研究表明, 烯效唑拌种处理能使苦荞植株显著矮化, 茎粗明显增加 ...

2007

0.0

龚万灼, 张正翼, 杨文钰, 李闻珠. 烯效唑干拌种对大豆形态特征和产量的影响. 大豆科学, 2007, 26: 369-376

Gong W

, Zhang Z

, Yang W

, Li W

. Effect of uniconazole for dry seed treatment on morphological characteristics and yield of soybean. Soybean Sci, 2007, 26: 369-376 (in Chinese with English abstract)

以晚熟大豆品种贡选1号为材料,研究了烯效唑干拌种对大豆生长过程中的主要形态特征和产量的效应.结果表明:干拌种处理降低了株高,增加茎粗,缩短主茎长,增加了叶片数和分枝数,提高了叶片SPAD、叶面积指数和干物质积累,最终通过增加单株有效荚数提高了产量,以3.2 mg/kg浓度拌种的增产作用最大.

... 龚万灼等^[40]研究表明, 烯效唑拌种处理可降低大豆株高, 增加茎粗, 缩短节间长度 ...