甬优籼粳杂交稻花后干物质积累模型与特征分析

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韦还和, 孟天瑶, 李超, 张洪程, 史天宇, 马荣荣, 王晓燕, 杨筠文, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲, 魏海燕, 郭保卫. . 甬优籼粳杂交稻花后干物质积累模型与特征分析. 作物学报, 2015, 42(2): 265-277
WEI Huan-He, MENG Tian-Yao, LI Chao, ZHANG Hong-Cheng, SHI Tian-Yu, MA Rong-Rong, WANG Xiao-Yan, YANG Jun-Wen, DAI Qi-Gen, HUO Zhong-Yang, XU Ke, WEI Hai-Yan, GUO Bao-Wei. . Dynamic Model and Its Characteristics Analysis for Dry Matter Production after Heading of Indica/Japonica Hybrid Rice of Yongyou Series . ACTA AGRONOMICA SINICA, 2015, 42(2): 265-277 复制到剪切板

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甬优籼粳杂交稻花后干物质积累模型与特征分析

韦还和¹, 孟天瑶¹, 李超¹, 张洪程^1,^*, 史天宇¹, 马荣荣², 王晓燕³, 杨筠文⁴, 戴其根^1,^*, 霍中洋¹, 许轲¹, 魏海燕¹, 郭保卫¹

¹扬州大学农业部长江流域稻作技术创新中心 / 江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室, 江苏扬州 225009

²浙江省宁波市农业科学院作物研究所, 浙江宁波 315101

³浙江省宁波市种子公司, 浙江宁波315101

⁴浙江省宁波市鄞州区农业技术服务站, 浙江宁波 315100

^*通讯作者(Corresponding authors): 张洪程, E-mail: hczhang@yzu.edu.cn; 戴其根, E-mail: agdai@yzu.edu.cn

第一作者联系方式: E-mail: 920964110@qq.com

收稿日期:2015-06-09 接受日期:2015-09-06 网络出版日期:2015-10-08

基金:本研究由农业部超级稻专项(02318802013231), 国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303102), 宁波市重大科技项目(2013C11001), 江苏省重点研发项目(BE2015340)和江苏省普通高校研究生科研创新计划项目(KYLX15_1371)资助

摘要

以甬优籼粳杂交稻甬优1538和甬优7176为试材, 常规粳稻宁粳3号和武运粳24, 杂交籼稻扬两优6号和两优培九为对照, 研究甬优籼粳杂交稻花后干物质积累特征及比较不同类型品种花后干物质积累特征差异。结果表明: (1)两年中甬优籼粳杂交稻的平均产量为11.5 t hm^-2(11.3~11.7 t hm^-2), 较常规粳稻和杂交籼稻分别高7.8%和10.4% (两年平均值)。甬优籼粳杂交稻抽穗至成熟期的干物质积累量为8.9 t hm^-2, 较常规粳稻和杂交籼稻分别高19.1%和26.9% (两年平均值)。(2)不同类型品种花后干物质积累量与花后天数(抽穗当天为0 d)均可用Richards方程拟合( R²均大于0.990); 各品种花后干物重积累速率均呈先平缓增加后下降的趋势, 花后最大干物重积累速率和平均干物重积累速率呈杂交籼稻>常规粳稻>籼粳杂交稻, 籼粳杂交稻达最大干物重积累速率的时间大致在花后42~44 d, 常规粳稻和杂交籼稻则在花后26~28 d; 籼粳杂交稻在花后渐增期天数和干物质积累量显著高于常规粳稻和杂交籼稻, 渐增期干物重积累速率以杂交籼稻最高。常规粳稻在花后快增期和花后缓增期天数和干物质积累量均显著高于籼粳杂交稻和杂交籼稻, 快增期和缓增期干物重积累速率则以杂交籼稻最高。本研究表明甬优籼粳杂交稻花后较强的干物质积累优势主要体现在花后渐增期, 而花后渐增期较强的干物质积累能力主要在于其较长的渐增期持续天数。

关键词: 甬优籼粳杂交稻; 不同类型品种; 花后干物质生产

Dynamic Model and Its Characteristics Analysis for Dry Matter Production after Heading of Indica/Japonica Hybrid Rice of Yongyou Series

WEI Huan-He¹, MENG Tian-Yao¹, LI Chao¹, ZHANG Hong-Cheng^1,^*, SHI Tian-Yu¹, MA Rong-Rong², WANG Xiao-Yan³, YANG Jun-Wen⁴, DAI Qi-Gen^1,^*, HUO Zhong-Yang¹, XU Ke¹, WEI Hai-Yan¹, GUO Bao-Wei¹

¹ Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation Technology in Yangtze River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture / Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China

² Crop Research Institute, Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo 315101, China

³Ningbo Seed Company of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo 315101, China

⁴Agricultural Technology Extension and Service, Yinzhou District, Ningbo 315100, China

Fund:This research was supported by the Special Program of Super Rice of Ministry of Agriculture (02318802013231), China Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest (201303102), the Great Technology Project of Ningbo City (2013C11001), the Key Projects of Jiangsu Province (BE2015340) and the Innovative Training Program of Postgraduates, Jiangsu Province, China (KYLX15_1371)

Abstract

This study was conducted using indica-japonica hybrid rice Yongyou 1538 and Yongyou 7176 as the materials, conventional japonica rice Ningjing 3 and Wuyunjing 24, and hybrid indica rice Yangliangyou 6 and Liangyoupeijiu as the checks to study the characteristics of dry matter production after heading in indica/japonica hybrid rice of Yongyou series and compare the differences in characteristics of dry matter production after heading among different types of rice varieties. Results indicated that, grain yield of indica/japonica hybrid rice of Yongyou series was 11.5 t ha^-1, on an average, which was 7.8% and 10.4% higher than those of conventional japonica rice and hybrid indica rice, respectively. Dry matter accumulation of indica/japonica hybrid rice was 8.9 t ha^-1, which was 19.1% and 26.9% higher than those of conventional japonica rice and hybrid indica rice, respectively. Richards’ equation was fit to simulate the relationship between dry matter weight and days after heading for three types of rice varieties ( R²≥ 0.990). Rate of dry matter accumulation of three types of rice varieties decreased after an even increase. Maximum rate of biomass accumulation and mean rate of biomass accumulation after heading of hybrid indica rice were the highest, followed by those of conventional japonica rice, and indica/ japonica hybrid rice. Time to maximum rate of dry matter accumulation after heading of indica/ japonica hybrid rice was at 42-44 days after anthesis, while those of conventional japonica rice and hybrid indica rice were both at 26-28 days after anthesis. Duration of gradual increase stage and dry matter accumulation in this stage were higher in indica/ japonica hybrid rice than in the check, while mean rate of dry matter accumulation during gradual increase stage was higher in hybrid indica rice than in indica/japonica hybrid rice. The duration and dry matter accumulation during fast increase stage and slow increase stage of conventional japonica rice were the highest among three types of rice varieties, while mean rate of dry matter accumulation during fast increase stage and slow increase stage of hybrid indica rice was the highest. Our results implied that greater dry matter accumulation mainly occurred in the gradual increase stage for indica/japonica hybrid rice, which was mainly attributed to the longer duration of this stage.

Keyword: Indica/ japonica hybrid rice of Yongyou series; Different type rice varieties; Dry matter production after heading

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花后物质生产是影响水稻产量、籽粒灌浆和稻米品质的关键因素^[1]。凌启鸿依据水稻经济产量=花后光合积累量+花前贮藏物质× R的理论表述, 认为水稻产量主要取决于花后光合生产积累能力^[2]。从品种演进^{[2, 3]}、产量差异(高产、超高产)群体^{[4, 5]}的干物质生产特征的研究表明, 提高花后物质积累量是进一步提高水稻产量的有效途径。花后干物质生产特征也一直是水稻高产栽培研究的热点^{[4, 5]}。作物生长模拟模型可定量分析作物生长特征, 近年来, 众多研究者基于作物生长模拟方程就干物质生产与产量的关系进行了大量研究, 如李向岭等^[6]、刘娟等^[7]、李艳大等^[8]基于Richards方程对玉米、小麦、水稻干物质积累特征的相关研究, 赵姣等^[9]基于Logistic方程对小麦干物质积累特征的分析, 纪洪亭等^[10]基于Gompertz方程对超级杂交水稻干物质积累特征的分析。

甬优系列籼粳杂交稻已在生产上表现出较高的产量潜力。与生产上大面积种植的常规粳稻和杂交籼稻相比, 甬优系列籼粳杂交稻一般具有10%以上的产量增幅^{[11, 12]}, 人们也就甬优系列籼粳杂交稻的穗型结构、冠层结构、光合特性、茎秆特征、根系形态生理特征等方面进行了相关研究^{[11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16]}。当前就甬优系列籼粳杂交稻花后物质生产特征的研究相对较少, 且与常规粳稻和杂交籼稻相比, 甬优系列籼粳杂交稻在花后物质生产特征存在哪些差异, 尚缺乏较为系统的比较研究。此外, 当前基于作物生长模拟模型分析水稻干物质积累特征的研究多侧重于全生育期, 对花后干物质积累特征的研究相对较少。为此, 本研究采用作物生长模型对不同类型水稻品种干物质积累与花后天数的关系进行曲线估计, 并利用推导出的特征参数定量分析不同类型品种花后物质生产特征及其差异, 以期为甬优籼粳杂交稻高产机理和高产栽培提供理论与实践依据。

1 材料与方法

1.1 试验材料与栽培管理概况

以甬优系列籼粳交品种(品系)甬优1538和甬优7176, 常规粳稻宁粳3号和武运粳24, 杂交籼稻扬两优6号和两优培九为材料。甬优1538和甬优7176由宁波市种子有限公司提供。2013— 2014年供试品种的主要生育期及株高见表1。

表1 主要生育期、生育阶段天数及株高 Table 1 Development stage, period, and plant height of the tested varieties

试验于2013— 2014年在浙江省宁波市鄞州区洞桥镇百梁桥村进行。土壤类型为黄化青紫泥田, pH 5.51、含有机质38.37 g kg^-1、全氮0.16%、碱解氮82.45 mg kg^-1、速效磷20.14 mg kg^-1、速效钾78.45 mg kg^-1、水溶性盐总量0.13 g kg^-1。两年中水稻生长期间的平均温度、日照时数、降雨量见图1。

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	图1 水稻生长期间的平均温度(A)、日照时数(B)和降雨量(C)Fig. 1 Mean temperature (A), sunshine hours (B), and precipitation (C) during the rice growing seasons in 2013 and 2014

采取完全随机区组设计, 小区面积40 m², 2次重复。小区间作埂隔离, 并用塑料薄膜覆盖埂体, 保证单独排灌。毯苗育秧, 播种期见表1, 秧龄20 d, 栽插株行距为30.0 cm × 13.2 cm。籼粳杂交稻和杂交籼稻每穴2苗栽插, 常规粳稻每穴4苗栽插。籼粳杂交稻和常规粳稻施纯氮270 kg hm^-2, 杂交籼稻施纯氮225 kg hm^-2, 氮肥按基蘖肥∶ 穗粒肥=6∶ 4施用。各小区磷、钾肥施用量一致, 即过磷酸钙(含12% P₂O₅) 1125 kg hm^-2, 全部基施; 氯化钾(含60% K₂O) 450 kg hm^-2, 按基蘖肥∶ 穗粒肥=4∶ 6施用。移栽后采用湿润灌溉为主, 建立浅水层; 群体达到目标穗数的80%时搁田, 控制无效分蘖发生; 抽穗扬花期田间保持3 cm水层, 灌浆结实期间歇灌溉, 干湿交替, 收割前7 d断水搁田。按常规高产栽培要求防治病虫害。

1.2 测定项目与方法

1.2.1 花后干物质积累动态对甬优籼粳杂交稻于花后0 (抽穗期)、5、10、15、20、25、30、35、40、45、50、55、60、65 d按每小区的平均茎蘖数取样, 每次取5穴植株。对常规粳稻于花后0 (抽穗期)、5、10、15、20、25、30、35、40、45、50 d按每小区的平均茎蘖数取样, 每次取5穴植株。对杂交籼稻于花后0 (抽穗期)、5、10、15、20、25、30、35、40、45 d按每小区的平均茎蘖数取样, 每次取5穴植株。将样株分成叶、茎鞘、穗3个部分, 105℃杀青30 min, 75℃烘干至恒重, 测定干物质量。

1.2.2 产量成熟期调查每小区100穴, 计算有效穗数, 取20穴调查每穗粒数、结实率和测定千粒重及理论产量; 每小区实产收割面积8 m², 脱粒后晾晒, 并称重。

1.2.3 计算方法与数据处理

群体生长率(g m^-2 d^-1) = (W₂-W₁)/(t₂-t₁), 式中, W₁和W₂为前后2次测定的干物质量(t hm^-2), t₁和t₂为前后2次测定的时间(d)。

光合势(× 10⁴ m²d hm^-2) = × (L₁+L₂) × (t₂-t₁), 式中, L₁和L₂为前后2次测定的叶面积(m² hm^-2), t₁和t₂为前后2次测定的时间(d)。

净同化率(g m^-2 d^-1) = [(ln L₂-ln L₁)/(L₂-L₁)] × [(W₂-W₁)/(t₂-t₁)], 式中, L₁和L₂为前后2次测定的叶面积(m² hm^-2), W₁和W₂为前后2次测定的干物质重(t hm^-2), t₁和t₂前后2次测定的时间(d)。

茎鞘物质表观输出量=抽穗期单茎茎鞘重-成熟期单茎茎鞘重。

茎鞘物质最大输出量=抽穗期单茎茎鞘重-灌浆期最低单茎茎鞘重。

表观输出率(%)=100× (抽穗期单茎茎鞘重-成熟期单茎茎鞘重)/抽穗期单茎茎鞘重。

最大输出率(%)=100× (抽穗期单茎茎鞘重-灌浆期最低单茎茎鞘重)/抽穗期单茎茎鞘重。

本文以Curve Expert 1.3软件对各品种花后天数(抽穗当天为0)和群体干物重之间的关系进行拟合, 发现用Richards方程拟合的效果较好(R²均大于0.990)。Richards方程为W= , 式中, W为各期群体干物重(t hm^-2), A为终极群体干物重(t hm^-2), t为开花后天数(d), B、N、K为方程参数。参照朱庆森等^[17]的方法, 求出以下参数。

最大干物重积累速率(t hm^-2 d^-1)=

平均干物重积累速率(t hm^-2 d^-1)=

到达最大干物重积累速率的时间(d)=

干物质积累阶段的渐增期为(0-t₁), 快增期为(t₁-t₂), 缓增期为(t₂-t₃)。

t₁ (d) =

t₂(d) =

t₃ (d) =

渐增期干物重平均积累速率(t hm^-2 d^-1) =

快增期干物重平均积累速率(t hm^-2 d^-1) =

缓增期干物重平均积累速率(t hm^-2 d^-1) =

1.3 数据处理

运用Microsoft Excel软件录入计算数据, 用DPS软件统计分析。

2 结果与分析

2.1 产量及其构成因素

两年中籼粳杂交稻甬优1538和甬优7176产量均显著高于常规粳稻和杂交籼稻, 如2014年籼粳杂交稻的平均产量分别较常规粳稻和杂交籼稻高8.6%和12.0%。甬优籼粳杂交稻增产的主要原因是穗大粒多, 两年中籼粳杂交稻的每穗实粒数为255.39, 是常规粳稻(134.36)的近2倍, 较杂交籼稻(180.85)高41.2%。穗数、结实率则以常规粳稻最高。此外, 两年中参试品种的每穗粒数变化较大, 尤其对于甬优1538和甬优7176。2013年不同类型品种的平均日产量以杂交籼稻最高, 甬优籼粳杂交稻最低, 2014年则呈相反趋势(表2)。

表2 产量及其构成因素 Table 2 Grain yield and its components of the tested variety

2.2 花后物质生产特征

由表3可知, 抽穗期和成熟期的叶面积指数均以甬优籼粳杂交稻最高。抽穗至成熟期的干物质积累量也以甬优籼粳杂交稻最高, 如2014年甬优籼粳杂交稻抽穗至成熟阶段的干物质积累量达9.2 t hm^-2, 较常规粳稻和杂交籼稻分别高22.8%和27.1%, 差异显著。2013年抽穗至成熟期的群体生长率以杂交籼稻最高, 2014年则以甬优籼粳杂交稻最高。两年中的抽穗至成熟期的光合势以甬优籼粳杂交稻最高, 如2013年甬优籼粳杂交稻较常规粳稻和杂交籼稻分别高20.17%和35.51%, 差异显著。两年中净同化率均以杂交籼稻最高。

表3 不同类型品种花后物质生产特征 Table 3 Characteristices of photosynthate accumulation after heading in tested varieties

2.3 花后干物质积累动态

不同类型水稻品种两年花后干物质积累动态基本一致。以2014年数据为例, 各品种抽穗后干物质积累动态均呈渐增、快增、缓增的趋势(图2)。干物质积累方程见表4。

表4 各品种花后干物重积累的拟合方程 Table 4 Stimulation equations of dry matter accumulation after heading in tested varieties

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	图2 不同水稻品种抽穗后干物质积累动态Fig. 2 Dynamics of dry matter accumulation after heading in different rice varieties

2.4 花后干物质积累特征

不同类型水稻品种2013年和2014年花后干物质积累速率变化动态基本一致。以2014年数据为例, 各品种抽穗后干物质积累动态均呈先上升后下降的趋势(图3)。花后最大干物重积累速率和平均干物重积累速率呈杂交籼稻> 常规粳稻> 籼粳杂交稻, 籼粳杂交稻达最大干物重积累速率的时间大致在花后42~44 d, 常规粳稻和杂交籼稻则在26~28 d (表5)。

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	图3 不同水稻品种花后干物重积累速率Fig. 3 Rate of dry matter accumulation after heading in different rice varieties

表5 各品种花后干物重积累参数 Table 5 Parameters of dry matter accumulation after heading in tested varieties

籼粳杂交稻在渐增期天数和干物质积累量均显著高于常规粳稻和杂交籼稻, 渐增期干物重积累速率则以杂交籼稻最高。常规粳稻在快增期和缓增期天数和干物质积累量均显著高于籼粳杂交稻和杂交籼稻, 快增期和缓增期干物重积累速率则以杂交籼稻最高(表6)。

表6 各品种花后干物重积累前, 中, 后期3个阶段的特征 Table 6 Characteristics of dry matter accumulation in the early, middle and late stages after heading for tested varieties

2.5 花后单茎茎鞘重变化动态

不同类型水稻品种2013年和2014年花后单茎茎鞘重的变化趋势基本一致。以2014年为例, 不同类型品种抽穗后单茎茎鞘重的变化均呈先下降后上升的趋势(图4)。籼粳杂交稻在抽穗后30 d单茎茎鞘重最低。常规粳稻中武运粳24在抽穗后20 d单茎茎鞘重最低, 宁粳3号则在抽穗后25 d。杂交籼稻则在抽穗后20 d单茎茎鞘重最低。籼粳杂交稻茎鞘物质的平均最大输出量(g)和表观输出量(g)分别为0.891和0.343, 均显著高于常规粳稻(0.496和0.133)和杂交籼稻(0.507和0.285)。花后表观输出率(%)呈杂交籼稻(11.94) > 甬优籼粳杂交稻(9.65) > 常规粳稻(6.80), 花后最大输出率(%)呈常规粳稻(25.30) > 甬优籼粳杂交稻(25.08) > 杂交籼稻(21.29)。

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	图4 不同水稻品种抽穗后单茎茎鞘重变化动态Fig. 4 Dynamics of dry weight per stem after heading in different rice varieties

3 讨论

3.1 不同类型水稻品种花后光合物质生产差异

增加花后光合物质生产能力是提高水稻产量的有效途径, 叶面积指数、光合势、群体生长率和净同化率等是表征群体光合生产能力的重要指标^[2]。Xiong等^[18]研究表明, 超高产品种花后干物质积累量、干物质转移量、干物质转移率均显著高于一般高产品种。龚金龙等^[19]研究表明, 粳型超级稻花后干物质积累量、光合势、群体生长率、净同化率均显著高于籼型超级稻。姜元华等^[15]研究表明, 与杂交粳稻、常规粳稻和杂交籼稻相比, 甬优籼粳杂交稻花后光合势、净同化率、干物质积累量等均具有较明显的优势。本试验条件下, 两年中甬优籼粳杂交稻产量达11.5 t hm^-2, 较常规粳稻和杂交籼稻的产量均高出7%以上。抽穗期和成熟期的叶面积指数、花后光合势、花后干物质积累量均以甬优籼粳杂交稻显著高于常规粳稻和杂交籼稻。而甬优籼粳杂交稻花后净同化率并不高, 低于杂交籼稻。

3.2 不同类型水稻品种花后干物质积累模型的建立及特征参数

作物生长模拟模型可解释作物生长发育特征, 在水稻、小麦、玉米、棉花等作物上均有相关报道^{[6, 7, 8, 20]}。就水稻而言, 李艳大等^[8]基于Richards方程分析了不同株型水稻的干物质积累特征, 并将整个干物质积累过程分成前、中和后期3个阶段。纪洪亭等^{[10, 21]}基于Gompertz方程分析了超级杂交水稻的干物质积累、养分积累特征。林瑞余等^[22]研究表明, 三次曲线对杂交籼稻(汕优63和两优2186)和常规稻(IR64)的拟合效果好于Logistic模型。杨京平等^[23]借助水稻生长模型Oryza-0研究了水稻干物质和氮素积累的动态特征。本研究表明, 3种类型品种花后干物质积累量与花后天数的关系均以Richards方程的拟合效果最好(R²均大于0.990)。在此基础上, 分析了不同类型品种花后干物质生产特征。

此前, 基于作物生长模型对水稻干物质生产特征的描述多侧重于全生育期, 而对花后干物质生产特征的研究较少。杨惠杰等^[24]研究表明, 超高产水稻品种的最大干物质积累速率出现在生育中期, 且生育中期和后期的干物质积累速率与产量呈高度正相关。纪洪亭等^[10]研究表明, 超级杂交稻干物质积累速率曲线呈先升高后下降的单峰曲线, 最大干物质积累速率出现在移栽后69~72 d, 且超级杂交稻的最大干物质积累速率高于对照品种。龚金龙等^[19]研究表明, 粳型超级稻移栽至拔节期的干物质积累速率低于籼型超级稻, 拔节至抽穗期、抽穗至成熟期的干物质积累速率则以粳型超级稻高于籼型超级稻。本研究表明, 不同类型品种花后干物质积累速率均呈先上升后下降的单峰曲线, 籼粳杂交稻花后最大干物质积累速率出现在花后42~44 d, 常规粳稻和杂交籼稻则在26~28 d。花后最大干物质积累速率和平均干物质积累速率呈杂交籼稻> 常规粳稻> 甬优籼粳杂交稻, 这也表明, 甬优籼粳杂交稻花后较高的干物质积累量主要是来自其较长的灌浆期持续天数, 而不是其花后干物质积累速率。

刘娟等^[7]基于归一化法将小麦干物质积累过程划分成前、中、后期3个阶段, 前、中、后期的干物质积累量所占比例依次为10%、70%和20%。李艳大等^[8]基于Richards方程将水稻整个干物质积累过程分成渐增、快增、缓增3个阶段, 具有明显的生物学意义。纪洪亭等^{[10, 21]}研究表明, 超级杂交稻在快增期的干物质积累量显著高于对照, 而在缓增期和减速增长期的干物质积累量低于对照, 且超级杂交稻干物质和养分积累的优势在于快增期持续时间较长、花后干物质和养分积累速率较快。本研究表明, 籼粳杂交稻在渐增期的持续天数、干物质积累量均显著高于常规粳稻和杂交籼稻, 但籼粳杂交稻渐增期的平均干物质积累速率显著低于对照; 快增期和缓增期的干物质积累量和持续天数则均以常规粳稻最高, 快增期和缓增期的平均干物质积累速率则以杂交籼稻最高。该结果表明, 籼粳杂交稻花后较强的干物质积累优势主要体现在花后渐增期, 而花后渐增期较强的干物质积累能力主要在于其较长的持续天数。

3.3 不同类型水稻品种花后单茎茎鞘重的变化

较多的研究已表明, 单茎茎鞘重在花后的“ 二次增重” 现象被认为是源库关系协调的重要指标^{[25, 26]}, 即水稻单茎茎鞘重在花后经历先下降后上升的变化。较高的单茎茎鞘重是植株壮秆、抗倒伏的重要标志^[2], 由于单茎茎鞘重在花后经历先下降后上升的变化, 因此花后最低单茎茎鞘重的出现时间往往被认为是倒伏的敏感时期。一般而言, 水稻单茎茎鞘重在花后20~25 d最低, 因此, 水稻倒伏相关指标的测定也多在此时期进行^{[27, 28, 29]}。本研究结果表明, 3种类型品种花后单茎茎鞘重的变化均呈先下降后上升的趋势, 杂交籼稻花后最低单茎茎鞘重出现在花后15 d, 常规粳稻出现在花后20 d和25 d, 籼粳杂交稻则出现在花后30 d。本试验条件下, 籼粳杂交稻、常规粳稻和杂交籼稻的花后倒伏敏感期大致在花后30 d、花后20~25 d、花后15 d。该结果可为相关地区防止生育后期水稻倒伏制定的栽培措施提供一些理论与实践参考。

4 结论

甬优籼粳杂交稻花后干物质积累量显著高于对照品种, 其花后较强的干物质积累优势主要体现在花后渐增阶段, 且花后渐增阶段较强的干物质积累能力主要在于其较长的渐增期持续天数。

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

作者已声明无竞争性利益关系。The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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[24]	杨惠杰, 李义珍, 杨仁崔, 姜照伟, 郑景生. 超高产水稻的干物质生产特性研究. 中国水稻科学, 2001, 15: 265-270 Yang H J, Li Y Z, Yang R C, Jiang Z W, Zheng J S. Dry matter production characteristics of super high yielding rice. Chin J Rice Sci, 2001, 15: 265-270 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1]
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[26]	马均, 朱庆森, 马文波, 田彦华, 杨建昌, 周开达. 重穗型水稻光合作用、物质积累与运转的研究. 中国农业科学, 2003, 36: 375-381 Ma J, Zhu Q S, Ma W B, Tian Y H, Yang J C, Zhou K D. Studies on the photosynthetic characteristics and accumulation and transformation of assimilation product in heavy panicle types of rice. Sci Agric Sin, 2003, 36: 375-381 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1]
[27]	龚金龙, 邢志鹏, 胡雅杰, 张洪程, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲, 魏海燕, 高辉. 籼、粳超级稻茎秆抗倒支撑特征的差异研究. 中国水稻科学, 2015, 29: 273-281 Gong J L, Xing Z P, Hu Y J, Zhang H C, Dai Q G, Huo Z Y, Xu K, Wei H Y, Gao H. Difference in lodging resistance of culm between indica and japonica super rice. Chin J Rice Sci, 2015, 29: 273-281 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1]
[28]	李杰, 张洪程, 龚金龙, 常勇, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲, 魏海燕. 不同种植方式对超级稻植株抗倒伏能力的影响. 中国农业科学, 2011, 44: 2234-2243 Li J, Zhang H C, Gong J L, Chang Y, Dai Q G, Huo Z Y, Xu K, Wei H Y. Effects of different planting methods on the culm lodging resistance of super rice. Sci Agric Sin, 2011, 44: 2234-2243 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1]
[29]	郭保卫, 朱大伟, 许轲, 张洪程, 周兴涛, 朱聪聪, 曹利强, 陈厚存, 陈京都, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 魏海燕, 李明银. 有序摆抛栽对超级稻植株抗倒伏能力的影响. 中国水稻科学, 2015, 29: 45-55 Guo B W, Zhu D W, Xu K, Zhang H C, Zhou X T, Zhu C C, Cao L Q, Chen H C, Chen J D, Dai Q G, Huo Z Y, Wei H Y, Li M Y. Effect of ordered transplanting and optimized broadcasting on the culm lodging resistance of super rice. Chin J Rice Sci, 2015, 29: 45-55 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1]

2006

0.0

杨建昌, 杜永, 吴长付, 刘立军, 王志琴, 朱庆森. 超高产粳型水稻生长发育特性的研究. 中国农业科学, 2006, 39: 1336-1345

Yang J

, Du

, Wu C

, Liu L

, Wang Z

, Zhu Q

Growth and development characteristics of super-high-yielding mid- season japonica rice.

Sci Agric Sin, 2006, 39: 1336-1345 (in Chinese with English abstract)

【Objective】Rice is one of the most important food crops in China. The realization of its super-high-yielding has a great significance for food security of the country. This study investigated the growth and development characteristics of the super-high-yielding (grain yield >11 t·ha-1) of rice.【Method】Four mid-season japonica rice cultivars (including lines), Lianjiajing 2, Huajing 5, 0026 and 9823, were grown in a paddy field. Growth analysis was performed during the growth period, and yield and yield components were determined at maturity.【Result】Super-high-yielding rice had more sipkelets per panicle and higher filled-grain percentage than the high-yielding rice (CK, grain yield 8.98～9.16 t·ha-1). There was no significant difference in 1000-grain weight between the super-high-yielding and the CK. Super-high-yield rice exhibited fewer tillers at the early growth stage (from transplanting to jointing), while a higher ratio of productive tillers to total tillers, as compared with the CK. The leaf area index, photosynthetic potential and dry matter accumulation of the super-high-yielding rice were lower than those of the CK at the early growth stage, and their differences were not significant between the two rice types at heading, and were greater for the former than the later after heading. The root-shoot ratio at each growth stage, root bleedings from heading to maturity, grain-leaf ratio, translocation percentage of the matter from stems and sheaths and harvest index of super-high-yielding rice were greater than those of CK. 【Conclusion】 The indexes for the growth and development of super-high-yielding mid-season rice population were suggested, i. e., total spikelets > 4.5 × 104·m-2, filled-grain percentage > 90%, 1000-grain weight > 26 g; ratio of productive tillers > 80%, leaf area index at heading 7.5-8.0, photosynthetic potential during whole growth period > 5×106 m2·d·ha-1, total dry matter weight at maturity >22 t·ha-1, harvest index > 0.51; grain-leaf ratio (No of spikelets per cm2 leaf area) > 0.58; root-shoot ratio at heading stage >0.25 and the amount of root exudates > 5 g·m-2·h-1. The regulation approaches and key cultivation techniques for raising the super-high-yielding population were discussed.

【目的】水稻是中国最重要的粮食作物，实现水稻超高产对保证国家粮食安全有重要作用。本研究旨在探讨超高产水稻（产量>11 t·ha-1）的生长发育特性。【方法】4个中熟粳稻品种（含品系）连嘉粳2号、华粳5号、0026和9823种植于大田，对其物质生产和产量形成进行了观察分析。【结果】与高产水稻（CK，产量为8.98～9.16 t·ha-1）相比，超高产水稻每穗颖花数多，结实率高，千粒重与CK无显著差异；超高产水稻移栽至拔节期的茎蘖数较CK少，但分蘖成穗率较高；超高产水稻的叶面积指数、光合势和干物质积累，生育前期较CK低，抽穗期与CK无显著差异，抽穗后则显著高于CK。超高产水稻各生育时期的根冠比、抽穗至成熟的根系伤流量以及粒叶比、茎鞘物质运转率和收获指数均显著高于CK。【结论】提出了中熟粳稻超高产群体的生育诊断指标：总颖花量>4.5万/m2，结实率>90%，千粒重>26 g；茎蘖成穗率>80%，抽穗期叶面积指数7.5～8.0，全生育期光合势>5×106 m2·d·ha-1，成熟期总干重>22 t·ha-1，收获指数>0.51；抽穗期粒叶比[颖花/叶(cm2)]>0.58，根冠比>0.25，根系伤流量>5 g·m-2·h-1。对培育超高产水稻群体的调控途径与关键栽培技术进行了讨论。

... 花后物质生产是影响水稻产量、籽粒灌浆和稻米品质的关键因素^[1] ...

2000

0.0

... R的理论表述, 认为水稻产量主要取决于花后光合生产积累能力^[2] ...

... 从品种演进^[2,3]、产量差异(高产、超高产)群体^[4,5]的干物质生产特征的研究表明, 提高花后物质积累量是进一步提高水稻产量的有效途径 ...

... 1 不同类型水稻品种花后光合物质生产差异增加花后光合物质生产能力是提高水稻产量的有效途径, 叶面积指数、光合势、群体生长率和净同化率等是表征群体光合生产能力的重要指标^[2] ...

... 较高的单茎茎鞘重是植株壮秆、抗倒伏的重要标志^[2], 由于单茎茎鞘重在花后经历先下降后上升的变化, 因此花后最低单茎茎鞘重的出现时间往往被认为是倒伏的敏感时期 ...

2013

0.0

... 从品种演进^[2,3]、产量差异(高产、超高产)群体^[4,5]的干物质生产特征的研究表明, 提高花后物质积累量是进一步提高水稻产量的有效途径 ...

2010

0.0

吴桂成, 张洪程, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲, 高辉, 魏海燕, 沙安勤, 徐宗进, 钱宗华, 孙菊英. 南方粳型超级稻物质生产积累及超高产特征的研究. 作物学报, 2010, 36: 1921-1930

Wu G

, Zhang H

, Dai Q

, Huo Z

, Xu

, Gao

, Wei H

, Sha A

, Xu Z

, Qian Z

, Sun J

Characteristics of dry matter production and accumulation and super-high yield of japonica super rice in South China.

Acta Agron Sin, 2010, 36: 1921-1930 (in Chinese with English abstract)

The relationship between dry matter production and yield, dynamics of dry matter accumulation and output and translocation in middle and last stages of three types of populations (High Yield: 8.25–9.75 t ha -1 ; Higher Yield: 9.75-11.25 t ha -1 ; Super High Yield:＞11.25 t ha -1 ) in four japonica super rice (Wujing 15, Huaidao 9, Xudao 3 and Changyou 1) were analyzed. The results showed that yield was significantly positively correlated with weight of dry matter at maturity and the dry matter accumulation from heading to maturity, there were parabolic relationships between yield and weight of dry matter at heading in high yield, higher yield and super-high yield populations. Weight of dry matter from jointing to heading was significantly positively correlated with yield from high yield population to higher yield population and from higher yield population to super-high yield population. Super-high yield population had more biomass at maturity than higher yield and high yield populations, and the harvest index was not significantly higher than that of higher yield population, but was significantly higher than that of high yield population. Weight of dry matter, LAI in heading, rate of leaf area of productive tillers, rate of leaf area from flag leaf to 3rd leaf, spikelets of population and spikelets per square centimeter leaf area in middle stage (from jointing to heading) were significantly higher than these of higher yield and high yield populations. Leaf area decreasing per day of super-high yield population from heading to maturity was significantly less than that of higher yield and high yield populations. Leaf area duration, crop growth rate, net assimilation rate, biomass and grain-leaf ratio (filled grains per square centimeter leaf area, grain weight per square centimeter leaf area) from heading to maturity were significantly higher than these of higher yield and high yield populations. Output and translocation of dry matter in super-high yield population from heading to milky stages were significantly higher than these of higher yield and high yield populations, while these from heading to maturity were significantly lower than these of higher yield and high yield populations. Weight per stem and sheath and total filling in maturity of super-high yield population were significantly higher than these of higher yield and high yield populations.

以超级粳稻品种武粳15、淮稻9号、徐稻3号和常优1号为材料，对高产(8.25~9.75 t hm -2 )、更高产(9.75~11.25 t hm -2 )和超高产(＞11.25 t hm -2 ) 3个产量等级群体的物质生产与产量的关系、干物质积累、输出与转运等方面进行了系统的比较研究。结果表明，4个超级稻品种成熟期、抽穗至成熟期的干物质重与产量呈极显著正相关，抽穗期干物质重均与产量呈抛物线关系，拔节至抽穗期的干物质重与产量呈极显著正相关(高产—更高产、更高产—超高产以及将3个产量等级综合起来)；从高产到更高产再到超高产，4个超级稻品种的生物学产量不断提高(差异显著)，而超高产群体的经济系数则与更高产水平相当(0.5000以上)，显著高于高产水平；较之更高产、高产群体，超高产群体在生育中期(拔节至抽穗期)干物质积累量大，抽穗期叶面积指数高、株型挺拔、群体质量优[有效叶面积率、高效叶面积率、总颖花量与颖花/叶(cm 2 )、基部节间粗、单茎茎鞘重均高]，在生育后期(抽穗至成熟期)，光合能力强(叶面积衰减率小，光合势、群体生长率、净同化率高)、干物质积累量高(占生物学产量的40.0%以上)、茎鞘物质的输出与转运协调[实粒/叶(cm 2 )、粒重(mg)/叶(cm 2 )均高]。

... 从品种演进^[2,3]、产量差异(高产、超高产)群体^[4,5]的干物质生产特征的研究表明, 提高花后物质积累量是进一步提高水稻产量的有效途径 ...

... 花后干物质生产特征也一直是水稻高产栽培研究的热点^[4,5] ...

2009

0.0

李杰, 张洪程, 钱银飞, 郭振华, 陈烨, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲, 李德剑, 华正雄, 沙安勤, 周有炎, 刘国林. 两个杂交粳稻组合超高产生长特性的研究. 中国水稻科学, 2009, 22: 179-185

, Zhang H

, Qian Y

, Guo Z

, Chen

, Dai Q

, Huo Z

, Xu

, Li D

, Hua Z

, Sha A

, Zhou Y

, Liu G

Growth characteristics of two super high-yielding japonica hybrid rice combinations.

Chin J Rice Sci, 2009, 22: 179-185 (in Chinese with English abstract)

摘　要：将两个杂交粳稻组合（陵香优18和常优1号）于大田条件下种植，对超高产（产量〉 12．0t／hm^2）田块的水稻物质生产和产量形成生长特性进行了分析。结果表明，与高产栽培（CK，10．5～11．0t／hm^2）水稻相比，超高产栽培水稻穗数、每穗粒数显著高于CK，结实率和千粒重略高于CK，但差异不显著；超高产栽培水稻二次枝梗数、二次枝梗总粒数显著高于CK；有效分蘖临界叶龄期之前，超高产栽培条件下水稻生长比CK快，在有效分蘖临界叶龄期茎蘖数达到预期的穗数，叶面积指数、光合势、干物质积累和群体生长率较CK大；有效分蘖临界叶龄期至拔节期，超高产栽培条件下水稻生长平稳，无效分蘖发生少，高峰苗低，叶面积指数、光合势、干物质积累和群体生长率较CK小；拔节以后，超高产栽培条件下水稻茎蘖数下降平缓，成穗率高，叶面积指数、光合势、干物质积累和群体生长率较CK高，尤其是抽穗以后，超高产栽培条件下水稻具有明显的生长优势，叶面积指数、光合势、干物质积累和群体生长率均极显著高于CK。

... 从品种演进^[2,3]、产量差异(高产、超高产)群体^[4,5]的干物质生产特征的研究表明, 提高花后物质积累量是进一步提高水稻产量的有效途径 ...

... 花后干物质生产特征也一直是水稻高产栽培研究的热点^[4,5] ...

2010

0.0

李向岭, 赵明, 李从锋, 葛均筑, 侯海鹏, 李琦, 侯立白. 播期和密度对玉米干物质积累动态地影响及其模型的建立. 作物学报, 2010, 36: 2143-2153

Li X

, Zhao

, Li C

, Ge J

, Hou H

, Li

, Hou L

Effects of sowing date and planting density on dry matter accumulation dynamic and establishment of its simulated model in maize.

Acta Agron Sin, 2010, 36: 2143-2153 (in Chinese with English abstract)

The research and application of crop growth model is a foundation of agricultural production information and digital technology, the quantitative research of leaf area index (LAI) model in different sowing dates can provide a theoretical basis for the highing-yield in maize,and further study the relationship of dry matter accumulation with sowing date and densities.Three maize cultivars(Yinong 103, Xianyu 335, and Denghai 661) with four density treatments in 45 000 plants ha -1 , 60 000 plants ha -1 , 75 000 plants ha -1 and 90 000 plants ha -1 in three sowing date(May 3rd, May 28th, and June 22nd) were used in field experiments, dynamic dry matter accumulation and grain yield were measured. A Richard curveequation, y = 1.1044/(1+e 2.0253 - 5.1927 x ) 1/0.4448 , was developed with relative DMA and relative accumulated temperature.The basic parameter of ultimate growth (a) was 1, initial growth parameter (b) and growth rate parameter (c) changed dramatically, shape parameter (d) changed small. The accuracy and precision of relative model were tested with the data in 2008 and 2007 in Huadian, Jilin province, the dynamic model could make a good estimation for DMA dynamics with the accuracies of above 1.0486 ** , and the precision ( R 2 ) of above 0.9534 ** . According to accumulated temperature and the largest dry matter accumulation, the model can better predict the dynamic dry matter accumulation of the growth period. Sowing-date and density had a regulated role in the change rate of dry matter accumulation. The sixth leaf and waxy stage was the sensitive reaction period of dry matter accumulation rate with density. In the slow increase and decrease stage of the dry matter accumulation rate, the accumulated temperature for maize increased gradually; in the rapid increase stage, the accumulated temperature for maize decreased gradually; in the growing period, theaverage rate of dry matter accumulation of different cultivars showed as Xianyu 335> Denghai 661 >Yinong 103. Theaverage rate of dry matter accumulation of treatments with different sowing dates showed as early sowing > middle sowing>late sowing,and increased with the density increasing.

在大田条件下, 以益农103、先玉335和登海661为材料, 设置3个播种期(5月3日，5月28日，6月22日)和4个密度处理(4.5万株 hm -2 ，6.0万株 hm -2 ，7.5万株 hm -2 ，9.0万株 hm -2 ), 测定其干物质积累动态和产量, 分析播期、密度和玉米群体干物质积累动态特征的关系及其积温模型。结果表明: (1)将3个播期玉米不同处理的最大群体干物质积累和出苗至成熟的积温分别定为1, 建立了相对群体干物质积累和相对积温的Richards模拟模型, 方程式为 y = 1.1044/(1+e 2.0253 - 5.1927 x ) 1/0.4448 , r =0.9950 ** 。(2)方程参数 a 值(终极生长量参数)基本为1； b 值(初值生长量参数)和 c 值(生长速率参数)在播期、品种间变异较大, 密度间变异较小； d 值(形状参数)在播期、品种和密度间变异较小, 可见播期主要通过调节参数 b 、 c 值来实现对整个方程的调控。应用2008年本试验和另一试验的数据对模型进行验证,模拟准确度(以 k 表示)均在1.0486 ** 以上；精确度(以 R 2 表示)均在0.9534 ** 以上。(3)拔节期至蜡熟期是玉米群体干物质积累变化速率对密度的敏感反应期；晚播玉米所需积温在群体干物质积累变化速率的缓慢增加和下降阶段逐渐减少，在快速增加阶段逐渐增加。全生育期的群体干物质积累平均速率表现为先玉335>登海661>益农103；且早播>中播>晚播；密度越高群体干物质积累平均速率越大, 达到显著水平。

... 作物生长模拟模型可定量分析作物生长特征, 近年来, 众多研究者基于作物生长模拟方程就干物质生产与产量的关系进行了大量研究, 如李向岭等^[6]、刘娟等^[7]、李艳大等^[8]基于Richards方程对玉米、小麦、水稻干物质积累特征的相关研究, 赵姣等^[9]基于Logistic方程对小麦干物质积累特征的分析, 纪洪亭等^[10]基于Gompertz方程对超级杂交水稻干物质积累特征的分析 ...

... 2 不同类型水稻品种花后干物质积累模型的建立及特征参数作物生长模拟模型可解释作物生长发育特征, 在水稻、小麦、玉米、棉花等作物上均有相关报道^[6,7,8,20] ...

2012

0.0

刘娟, 熊淑萍, 杨阳, 翟清云, 王严峰, 王静, 马新明. 基于归一化法的小麦干物质积累动态预测模型. 生态学报, 2012, 32: 5512-5520

Liu

, Xiong S

, Yang

, Zhai Q

, Wang Y

, Wang

, Ma X

A method to predict dry matter accumulation dynamics in wheat based on the normalized method.

Acta Ecol Sin, 2012, 32: 5512-5520 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Dry matter accumulation plays an important role in the wheat yield. Under field condition, wheat cultivars with different tillering abilities have different dry matter accumulation characteristics. So it has great significance to realize the simulation and prediction of wheat dry matter accumulation process. Simulation models can quantitatively describe dry matter accumulation, and the equation based on the normalized method is widely applicable. Accumulated temperature is superior to time parameters as the variable of the prediction model. To investigate a model to simulate wheat dry matter accumulation, three wheat cultivars (Yumai 49-198, Lankaoaizao 8, and Yanzhan 4110) with different tillering abilities were grown at three densities each (750000, 2250000 and 3750000 plants/hm 2 ) in a field experiment. The dry matter accumulation of wheat varieties with higher ear-bearing tiller percentages (YM49-198 and YZ4110) were highest at a density of 3750000 plants/hm 2 , while that of the variety with a lower ear-bearing tiller percentage (LKAZ8) peaked at 2250000 plants/hm 2 . The dry matter accumulation of different varieties differed with density, therefore a suitable density should be chosen for each variety to maximize dry matter accumulation in wheat production. Five simulation models with high correlation coefficients for relative dry matter accumulation were established using normalized accumulated temperature and dry matter accumulation. We tested five models, and the optimal model was found through the limit of all the equations. The best predictive model for dry matter accumulation was the Richard curve equation, i.e., y =1.1435/(1+e 0.2776-4.6558 x ) 1/0.1130 , r =0.9927, and its characteristic parameters were calculated based on the relative dry matter accumulation model. This Richard equation had relatively small parameters and a straightforward biological interpretation. Normalization overcame changes in model parameters caused by different cultivation techniques and varieties and improved the versatility of the model. The values of parameters b and c changed dramatically among varieties and densities, while parameters a and d varied only slightly. The model was tested with relative dry matter accumulation data from 2010-2011; the correlation coefficient r of simulated dry matter accumulation was above 0.98 * * , and the accuracy K was above 0.91 * * , showing that this model could accurately predict dry matter accumulation. This model simulated dry matter accumulation of wheat using accumulated temperature in any growth period and predicted well the actual wheat production, making it highly suitable for practical use. Overall, dry matter accumulation could be divided into early, middle, and late phases based on the two inflexion points in the rate equation. The dry matter accumulation rate was very sensitive to density in the middle phase. The relative accumulated temperature was 0.53 at the maximum dry matter accumulation rate, when the dry matter weight was about one-half of the total weight. These data indicated the importance to improving wheat yields of enhancing field management in the early growth phases, including the cultivation of sound seedlings and the construction of appropriate populations. The average rates of dry matter accumulation were highly significantly correlated with dry matter weight, and they were the most important factor influencing dry matter accumulation according to path analysis. Higher average rates of dry matter accumulation had significant effects on stabilizing and increasing the dry matter weight of wheat.

为探讨基于归一化法的不同分蘖力小麦品种干物质积累动态预测模型和参数特征,实现不同小麦品种干物质积累的有效预测,以3个分蘖力不同的小麦品种(豫麦49-198、兰考矮早8和偃展4110)为材料,对3个密度(75、225和375 万株/hm 2 )下的干物质积累动态进行了研究。结果表明,高成穗率小麦品种(豫麦49-198和偃展4110)的干物质重均以375 万株/hm 2 密度最高,而分蘖力高成穗率低的小麦品种(兰考矮早8)以225 万株/hm 2 最高。建立的基于相对干物质积累量和相对积温的干物质积累预测模型中最佳模型方程式为 y =1.1435/(1+e 0.2776-4.6558 x ) 1/0.1130 , r =0.9927,可较好地对小麦干物质积累动态进行模拟。通过对小麦干物质积累模型的特征参数分析发现,干物质积累过程可划分为前、中和后期3个阶段,且干物质积累平均速率与最终干物质重呈极显著正相关,较高的干物质积累平均速率对小麦干物质重的稳定和提高都有十分重要的作用。

... 刘娟等^[7]基于归一化法将小麦干物质积累过程划分成前、中、后期3个阶段, 前、中、后期的干物质积累量所占比例依次为10%、70%和20% ...

2010

0.0

李艳大, 汤亮, 陈青春, 张玉屏, 曹卫星, 朱艳. 水稻地上部干物质积累动态的定量模拟. 应用生态学报, 2010, 21: 1504-1510

Li Y

, Tang

, Chen Q

, Zhang Y

, Cao W

, Zhu

Dry matter accumulation in rice aboveground part quantitative simulation.

Chin J Appl Ecol, 2010, 21: 1504-1510 (in Chinese with English abstract)

A field experiment with four rice ( Oryza sativa L.) cultivars and different nitrogen application rates was conducted, with the dry matter accumulation (DMA) in the cultivars aboveground part measured at their main growth stages. The dynamic model of relative dry matter accumulation (RDMA) was established with the normalized DMA and TEP (product of thermal effectiveness and PAR) from emergence to maturity, and the temporal characteristics of DMA changes was quantitatively analyzed based on the RDMA model. The dynamic changes of the RDMA could be well described with Richards equation, i.e ., RDMA =1.0157/(1+e 3.6329-7.5907×RTEP ) 1/0.5574 ( r =0.9938). The model was validated with independent field experiment datasets, involving different eco-sites, cultivars, and nitrogen application rates. The RMSE (root mean square error) between the simulated and observed values of DMA at varied RTEP was 0.86 t·hm -2 . According to the two inflexion points of dry matter accumulation rate equation, the whole process of dry matter accumulation could be divided into early, middle, and late phases. The maximum dry matter accumulation rate ( AR max ), relative TEP at AR max , and relative dry matter accumulation at AR max were found to be 2.24, 0.56, and 0.46, respectively.

选用4个不同株型水稻品种进行不同施氮水平的田间试验，于主要生育期测定植株地上部干物质积累量（DMA），并对DMA及出苗至成熟期累积辐热积（TEP）进行归一化处理，建立了基于相对DMA（RDMA）和相对TEP（RTEP）的水稻相对干物质积累（RDMA）动态模型，进而定量分析了水稻干物质积累过程的动态特征.结果表明：Richards方程能够准确描述水稻地上部干物质积累的动态模式，具有明确的生物学意义，具体方程式为 RDMA =1.0157/(1+e 3,6329-7.5907×RTEP ) 1/0.5574 ， r =0.9938；利用独立的水稻田间试验资料对所建模型进行了检验，水稻不同RTEP所对应的DMA观测值与模拟值之间的根均方差为0.86 t·hm -2 .根据水稻地上部干物质积累速率方程的2个拐点，可将整个干物质积累过程划分为前、中和后期3个阶段，发现水稻干物质最大积累速率及其出现时的相对辐热积和相对干物质积累量分别为2.24、0.56和0.46.

... 就水稻而言, 李艳大等^[8]基于Richards方程分析了不同株型水稻的干物质积累特征, 并将整个干物质积累过程分成前、中和后期3个阶段 ...

... 李艳大等^[8]基于Richards方程将水稻整个干物质积累过程分成渐增、快增、缓增3个阶段, 具有明显的生物学意义 ...

2013

0.0

赵姣, 郑志芳, 方艳茹, 周顺利, 廖树华, 王璞. 基于动态模拟模型分析冬小麦干物质积累特征对产量的影响. 作物学报, 2013, 39: 300-308

Zhao

, Zheng Z

, Fang Y

, Zhou S

, Liao S

, Wang

Effect of dry matter accumulation characteristics on yield of winter wheat analyzed by dynamics simulation model.

Acta Agron Sin, 2013, 39: 300-308 (in Chinese with English abstract)

To disclose the quantitative relationship between yield and dry matter accumulation in winter wheat, we designed three field experiments to obtain wheat populations with varying sowing date, basic seedlings, amounts of basic fertilizers, date and quantity of topdressed nitrogen fertilizer, irrigation amounts before wintering, amounts and date of irrigation after regreening of wheat in 2009–2010 and 2010–2011 growing seasons. Dry matter accumulation before wintering was represented by dry weight per plant and total stem and tiller numbers at prewintering stage, while dry matter after wintering was described by the Logistic curve characteristics based on relative accumulated temperature ( R GDDi ) . The grain yield and yield components of winter wheat were closely related to characteristic parameters such as maximum rate of dry matter accumulation and two inflection points in the curve for dry matter accumulation rate. Paired-sample t -test was used to validate the models established, and no significant difference was observed between the simulated and observed values. The results indicate that the Logistic model is able to describe the process of dry matter accumulation and the formation of grain yield and its components in winter wheat. The models established can be used in analysis of population regulation in winter wheat.

为揭示冬小麦产量形成与干物质积累的定量关系， 2009—2011 年利用 3 个田间试验建立了不同播种期、基本苗、底肥用量、追氮时期和用量、冬前灌水量、返青后灌水量和灌水时期等的冬小麦群体，分析了冬小麦干物质积累过程特征对产量及其构成因素的影响机制和定量关系。冬前干物质积累特征用单株干物重和冬前茎蘖数来表示，越冬后特征由基于相对积温 ( R GDDi ) 的 Logistic 曲线特征来描述。结果表明，群体干物质积累最大速率、干物质积累速率的 2 个拐点等特征量与产量及其构成因子有紧密的联系，所建立的关系模型均达到极显著水平 ( P 。对有关模型进一步用独立样本进行配对 t- 检验，结果模拟值与实际值差异不显著 ( P >0.05) 。基于相对积温 ( R GDDi ) 的 Logistic 模型不仅能较好地描述小麦冬后干物质积累过程，而且其曲线特征也能用于分析冬小麦产量及其构成因素的形成规律，以此为基础的产量关系方程可用于冬小麦生产群体调控的理论分析。

2013

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纪洪亭, 冯跃华, 何腾兵, 李云, 武彪, 王小艳. 两个超级杂交水稻品种物质生产的特性. 作物学报, 2013, 39: 2238-2246

Ji H

, Feng Y

, He T

, Li

, Wu

, Wang X

Dynamic characteristics of matter population in two super hybrid rice cultivars.

Acta Agron Sin, 2013, 39: 2238-2246 (in Chinese with English abstract)

In order to find foundations of high-yield cultivation in super hybrid rice (SHR), we modeled on dynamics of population indexes. A field experiment with two super hybrid cultivars (Zhunliangyou 527, Q you 6) and Control ( II you 838) was conducted in 2011 and 2012, and dry matter accumulation (DMA) and leaf area index (LAI) were measured. The dynamic equations of DMA and relative leaf area index (RLAI) were established and the dynamic characteristics of crop growth rate (CGR), relative growth rate (RGR), leaf area duration (LAD), net assimilation rate (NAR), and Specific leaf area (LAR) were analyzed based on the equations. The DMA and its proportion to the total biomass at rapid growth stage were significantly higher than those of Control. In the process of time after transplanting, the tendency of CGR was expressed in a single peak curve, and CGR of two SHR was higher than that of Control in rapid growth stage. The RGR of Zhunliangyou 527 was higher than that of control from 23 d after transplanting to mature period. As compared with the RGR of Control, the RGR of Q you 6 was lower before 43 d after transplanting, higher from 43 d to 113 d after transplanting , and not much difference from 113 d after transplanting to maturity . A significant correlation was observed between gross LAD and LAD at rapid growth stage, and also between gross LAD and duration of LAI at rapid growth stage. Compared with Control, the RGR of SHR showed faster increasing and decreasing, and its peak value was higher. A single peak curve was available for the dynamic changes of NAR with its most high value from 43 d to 53 d after transplanting. The LAR of two SHR decreased fast from 23 d to 43 d after transplanting, moderately from 73 d to mature stage, and slowly from 43 d to 73 d after transplanting stage. The LAR of two SHR was higher in rapid growth stage than that of Control.

定量分析超级杂交水稻若干群体指标的动态特征，以期为其高产栽培提供依据。于 2011 年和 2012 年在大田条件下，以超级杂交水稻准两优 527 、 Q 优 6 号和对照品种 II 优 838 为试材，通过连续测定干物质和叶面积，建立了水稻群体干物质和相对叶面积指数动态模型，进而以群体干物质和相对叶面积指数模型为基础，分析了超级杂交水稻作物生长率、相对生长率、光合势、净同化率、叶面积比率动态变化特征。结果表明，超级杂交水稻快增期的干物质积累量及其占总生物量的比例均高于对照。作物生长率 ( CGR ) 随移栽后时间呈先升高后下降的单峰曲线变化，其快增期的 CGR 较大。与对照相比，超级杂交水稻相对生长率 ( RGR ) 表现出上升快、峰值大、下降快的特点。准两优 527 在移栽后 23 d 至成熟期高于对照， Q 优 6 号的 RGR 在移栽后 43 d 以前低于对照，移栽后 43 d 至 113 d 高于对照，两者在移栽后 113 d 至成熟期的 RGR 相差不大。不同水稻净同化率 ( NAR ) 随移栽后时间呈先上升后下降的单峰曲线变化，最大 NAR 出现在移栽后 43 ~ 53 d 。总光合势与快增期光合势及与快增期绿叶面积持续时间均呈极显著正相关。 2 个超级杂交水稻叶面积比率 ( LAR ) 在移栽后 23 d 至 43 d 迅速下降，移栽后 43 d 至 73 d 缓慢下降，移栽后 73 d 至成熟期快速下降，其快增期的 LAR 较大。

... 纪洪亭等^[10,21]基于Gompertz方程分析了超级杂交水稻的干物质积累、养分积累特征 ...

... 纪洪亭等^[10]研究表明, 超级杂交稻干物质积累速率曲线呈先升高后下降的单峰曲线, 最大干物质积累速率出现在移栽后69~72 d, 且超级杂交稻的最大干物质积累速率高于对照品种 ...

... 纪洪亭等^[10,21]研究表明, 超级杂交稻在快增期的干物质积累量显著高于对照, 而在缓增期和减速增长期的干物质积累量低于对照, 且超级杂交稻干物质和养分积累的优势在于快增期持续时间较长、花后干物质和养分积累速率较快 ...

2014

0.0

姜元华, 张洪程, 赵可, 许俊伟, 韦还和, 龙厚元, 王文婷, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲, 魏海燕, 郭保卫. 长江下游地区不同类型水稻品种产量及其构成因素特征的研究. 中国水稻科学, 2014, 28: 621-631

Jiang Y

, Zhang H

, Zhao

, Xu J

, Wei H

, Long H

, Wang W

, Dai Q

, Huo Z

, Xu

, Wei H

, Guo B

Difference in yield and its components characteristics of different type rice cultivars in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

Chin J Rice Sci, 2014, 28: 621-631 (in Chinese with English abstract)

With 20 representative rice cultivars belonging to four types as materials, a field experiment was conducted to reveal the difference in yield and its components in the ricewheat cropping areas(Yangzhou, Changshu) in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River in 2012-2013. Grain yield and its components, stems and tillers and panicle traits and grainfilling were analyzed systematically.Result show that, 1)under the high yielding cultivation conditions, rice grain yield followed a decline trend of indicajaponica hybrid rice(IJHR) >japonica hybrid rice(JHR)>traditional japonica rice(TJR)>indica hybrid rice(IHR) in different sites and years.The average yield of IJHR in both years in Yangzhou was 12499.4 kg·hm-2, 4.82%,11.94% and 19.68% higher than those of JHR,TJR and IHR.2)The contribution of yield components to yield was total spikelet number>seedsetting rate>1000grain weight,and the contribution to total spikelet number was grain number per panicle>number of effective panicles.It illustrated that big panicle remained the main way for high yield of rice.3)The number of stems and tillers at jointing stage was TJR>IHR>JHR>IJHR,the contribution rates of stems and primary tillers were IJHR>IHR>TJR>JHR, while the contribution rate of the secondary tillers was JHR>TJR>IHR>IJHR, the composition of stems and tillers at waxy stage was the same as that at jointing stage;percentage of effective tillers of TJR(7576%) ranked first，followed by JHR(7287%),IJHR(6680%) and IHR(63.24%).4)Panicle length followed a trend of IHR>IJHR>JHR>TJR;grain density,single panicle weight were IJHR>JHR>IHR>TJR;grain number on the primary rachis branch was JHR>IJHR>TJR>IHR,while number of branches and total grain number on the primary rachis branch were IJHR>JHR>TJR>IHR,the trend of the contribution rate of grain number on the primary rachis branch to grain number per panicle from high to low was TJR（41.00%）,JHR（35.50%）,IJHR（31.83%）,IHR（27.92%）;grain number on the secondary rachis branch was IHR>IJHR>TJR>JHR,while number of branches and total grain number on the secondary rachis branch were IJHR>JHR>IHR>TJR,the trend of the contribution rate of grain number on the secondary rachis branch to grain number per panicle from high to low was IHR(72.80%),IJHR(68.17%),JHR(64.50%),TJR(59.00%). 5)The final grain weight was TJR>JHR>IHR>IJHR，maximum grainfilling rate was IHR>TJR>JHR>IJHR,the time reaching the maximum grainfilling rate was JHR>TJR>IJHR>IHR,mean grainfilling rate was IHR>TJR>JHR>IJHR,effective grainfilling time was JHR>IJHR>TJR>IHR;For grainfilling characteristics during different stages，grainfilling amount of gradual growth stage, fast growth stage and slow growth stage were TJR>JHR>IHR>IJHR;grainfilling time of gradual growth stage was JHR>TJR>IJHR>IHR,grainfilling time of fast growth stage and slow growth stage were JHR>IJHR>TJR>IHR; mean grainfilling rate of gradual growth stage was IHR>TJR>IJHR>JHR,grainfilling rate of fast growth stage and slow growth stage were IHR>TJR>JHR>IJHR.Compared with JHR ,TJR and IHR, IJHR had obvious advantages in productivity with big panicle as the basis.

为阐明长江下游地区稻麦两熟制高产栽培条件下不同类型水稻品种产量及其构成因素特征的差异，2012-2013年，在江苏扬州、常熟以籼粳杂交稻、杂交粳稻、常规粳稻和杂交籼稻四种类型20个具有代表性的品种为材料，系统比较分析了不同类型水稻品种产量、茎蘖组成、穗部性状、籽粒灌浆等方面的差异。结果表明：1）在高产栽培条件下，不同地点和年份间产量均呈籼粳杂交稻>杂交粳稻>常规粳稻>杂交籼稻趋势，其中，籼粳杂交稻品种平均产量为12499.4kg/hm2，分别较杂交粳稻、常规粳稻和杂交籼稻高4.82%、11.94%和19.68%，籼粳杂交稻品种增产的主要原因为每穗粒数极显著高于其他品种类型。2）产量构成因素对产量的净贡献率表现为总颖花量>结实率>千粒重，对总颖花量的净贡献率表现为每穗粒数大于有效穗数，说明大穗依然是水稻高产的主要途径。3）不同类型水稻品种拔节期茎蘖数表现为常规粳稻>杂交籼稻>杂交粳稻>籼粳杂交稻，主茎和一级分蘖贡献率表现为籼粳杂交稻>杂交籼稻>常规粳稻>杂交粳稻，二级分蘖贡献率表现为杂交粳稻>常规粳稻>杂交籼稻>籼粳杂交稻；蜡熟期茎蘖组成特点与拔节期一致；不同类型水稻品种成穗率表现为常规粳稻最高（75.76%），杂交粳稻其次（72.87%），籼粳杂交稻再次（66.80%），杂交籼稻最低（63.24%）。4）不同类型水稻品种穗长表现为杂交籼稻>籼粳杂交稻>杂交粳稻>常规粳稻，着粒密度、每穗粒数和单穗重均表现为籼粳杂交稻>杂交粳稻>杂交籼稻>常规粳稻；一次枝梗数、二次枝梗数、一次枝梗总粒数和二次枝梗总粒数均表现为籼粳杂交稻>杂交粳稻>常规粳稻>杂交籼稻，一次枝梗粒数对总粒数的贡献率表现为常规粳稻最大（41.00%），其次为杂交粳稻（35.50%）和籼粳杂交稻（3183%），杂交籼稻最低（27.92%），二次枝梗总粒对每穗粒数的贡献率表现为杂交籼稻最大（72.80%），其次为籼粳杂交稻（6817%）和杂交粳稻（64.50%），常规粳稻最小（59.00%）。5）不同类型水稻品种终极生长量Wo呈常规粳稻>杂交粳稻>杂交籼稻>籼粳杂交稻趋势，最大灌浆速率Vmax表现为常规粳稻>杂交籼稻>杂交粳稻>籼粳杂交稻，到达最大灌浆速率的时间Tmax表现为杂交粳稻>籼粳杂交稻>常规粳稻>杂交籼稻，平均灌浆速率Vmean表现为杂交籼稻>常规粳稻>杂交粳稻>籼粳杂交稻，有效灌浆时间T99表现为籼粳杂交稻>杂交粳稻>常规粳稻>杂交籼稻；阶段性灌浆特征方面，灌浆量在渐增期、快增期和缓增期均表现为常规粳稻>杂交粳稻>杂交籼稻>籼粳杂交稻；灌浆时间在渐增期表现为杂交粳稻>常规粳稻>籼粳杂交稻>杂交籼稻，在快增期和缓增期均表现为籼粳杂交稻>杂交粳稻>常规粳稻>杂交籼稻；灌浆速率在渐增期表现为杂交籼稻>籼粳杂交稻>常规粳稻>杂交粳稻，在快增期和缓增期表现为常规粳稻>杂交籼稻>杂交粳稻>籼粳杂交稻。籼粳杂交稻较杂交粳稻、常规粳稻和杂交籼稻有明显的产量优势，“穗大粒多”是其产量优势形成的基础。

... 与生产上大面积种植的常规粳稻和杂交籼稻相比, 甬优系列籼粳杂交稻一般具有10%以上的产量增幅^[11,12], 人们也就甬优系列籼粳杂交稻的穗型结构、冠层结构、光合特性、茎秆特征、根系形态生理特征等方面进行了相关研究^{[11,12,13,14,15,16]} ...

2010

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许德海, 王晓燕, 马荣荣, 禹盛苗, 朱练峰, 欧阳由男, 金千瑜. 重穗型籼粳杂交稻甬优6号超高产生理特性. 中国农业科学, 2010, 43: 4796-4804

Xu D

, Wang X

, Ma R

, Yu S

, Zhu L

, Ou-Yang Y N, Jin Q Y. Analysis on physiological properties of the heavy panicle type of indica-japonica inter-subspecific hybrid rice Yongyou 6. Sci Agric Sin, 2010, 43: 4796-4804 (in Chinese with English abstract)

摘　要：【目的】探明籼粳杂交稻甬优6号的重穗、超高产与生理特性的关系。【方法】以重穗型籼粳杂交稻甬优6号、轻穗型常规晚粳稻秀水63和中穗型籼型杂交晚稻汕优63为试验材料,进行组合（品种）间物质生产过程中的＂源、流、库＂等生理特性的对比考查与测定,研究和探讨甬优6号超高产的生理特性。【结果】重穗型籼粳杂交稻甬优6号突出的生理特性是：①＂源足＂,表现为叶面积指数大、叶片功能期较长、叶绿素含量多、叶片光合速率高、比叶重和粒叶比较大;②＂流畅＂,为齐穗期单株茎鞘物质向成熟期的穗部输出量大、输出率和转换率高;③＂库大＂,为单位面积总颖花量和有效颖花量多、库容量大、穗重5g以上;④＂根强＂,为次生根发达、根量大、根活力强、根冠比值高,为地上部生长健壮抗倒、活熟到老并实现超高产提供根本保障。【结论】从重穗型的甬优6号优良生理特性得到启示：为实现籼粳杂交稻的超高产目标,育种者在选择亲本,尤其是筛选F1代时,应着重鉴别亲本、新组合物质生产过程中＂源、流、库＂的协调性,以及根冠比值的适宜大小。

2007

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马荣荣, 许德海, 王晓燕, 禹盛苗, 金千瑜, 欧阳由男, 朱连峰. 籼粳亚种间杂交稻甬优6号超高产株型特征与竞争优势分析. 中国水稻科学, 2007, 21: 281-286

Ma R

, Xu D

, Wang X

, Yu S

, Jin Q

, Ou-Yang Y N, Zhu L F. Heterosis on plant morphology of Yongyou 6, an indica-japonica inter-subspecific super high-yielding hybrid rice. Chin J Rice Sci, 2007, 21: 281-286 (in Chinese with English abstract)

According to the results of the experiments conducted in 2003-2005,Yongyou 6,a late season inter-subspecific hybrid rice combination derived from a japonica cytoplasmic male sterile line Yongjing 2A and an indica restorer line K264806,performed high yielding potential,which was closely related to its outstanding heterosis in plant morphology over the japonica inbred rice Xiushui 63 and indica hybrid rice Shanyou 63.At the early growth stage,the tiller number of Yongyou 6 was between that of Shanyou 63 and that of Xiushui 63,and it showed a moderate tillering ability and less non-effective tillers.At the middle growth stage,the culms,sheaths and leaves of Yongyou 6 grew faster with higher biomass.The population of Yongyou 6 had better light distribution in its canopy because of its three top upright,longer and cured leaves.At the late growth stage,although Yongyou 6 was of high plant,but it perfected very strong tolerance to lodging due to its long and closed sheathes and short and thick basal internodes.At the maturity stage,Yongyou 6 showed arc-shaped panicles with more primary and secondary branches.The grain density of panicle was moderate with more oblate grains.The root-shoot ratio of Yongyou 6 was very higher at the whole growth stage.Moreover,the ideo-plant morphology of indica-japonica inter-subspecific super high-yielding hybrid was also discussed.

2003-2005年的试验结果表明，与常规晚粳稻秀水63和籼型杂交晚稻汕优63相比，三系籼粳亚种间杂交晚粳稻甬优6号的超高产与其生育期间株形特征及竞争优势密切相关。生育前期，甬优6号的分蘖数介于籼、粳稻之间，消长平稳，分蘖力中等，无效分蘖少；生育中期，植株的茎、鞘、叶生长快，生物量大，上3叶长而内卷挺立，群体上下受光态势好；生育后期，植株高大，茎秆粗壮，鞘叶长而抱秆紧密，茎基部节间短而厚重；成熟期，穗呈弧形，一、二次枝梗数特别多，粒多穗重，着粒密度适中，粒形偏团；各生育阶段的根冠比高。另外，对籼粳亚种间超级杂交稻的理想株形进行了讨论。

2015

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姜元华, 许俊伟, 赵可, 韦还和, 孙建军, 张洪程, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲, 魏海燕, 郭保卫. 甬优系列籼粳杂交稻根系形态与生理特征. 作物学报, 2015, 41: 89-99

Jiang Y

, Xu J

, Zhao

, Wei H

, Sun J

, Zhang H

, Dai Q

, Huo Z

, Xu

, Wei H

, Guo B

Root system morphological and physiological characteristics of indica-japonica hybrid rice of Yongyou series.

Acta Agron Sin, 2015, 41: 89-99 (in Chinese with English abstract)

A field experiment was conducted to compare the root system morphological and physiological characteristics of four types of rice populations including indica-japonica hybrid rice of Yongyou series (A), japonica hybrid rice (B), conventional japonica rice (C), and indica hybrid rice (D) under high-yielding cultivation condition in the rice-wheat cropping system. Results were as follows: (1) The root dry weight, aboveground dry weight, number of root tips, root length, root surface area, root-shoot ratio and root volume of A were obviously higher than those of B, C, and D at the middle and late growth stage. (2) The proportion of number, length, surface area and volume of the adventitious roots(root diameter > 0.3 mm) to the whole roots of A were higher than those of B and C, while lower than those of D at heading; the proportion of number, length, surface area and volume of the fine branches (root diameter ≤ 0.1 mm) and coarse branches (0.1 mm while lower than those of B and C at heading. The proportions of root weight in 0–5 cm, 5–10 cm, and 10–15 cm soil layers to total roots weight of A were higher than those of B and C, while lower than those of D; however, the proportions of root weight in 15–25 cm, 25–35 cm, 35–45 cm, and 45–55 cm soil layers to the total root weight where lower than those of B and C, while higher than these of D at heading. (3) The total absorbing surface area, active absorbing surface area, bleeding intensity, root oxidation activity, and root reducing activity of A were higher than those of B, C, and D. Compared with B, C, and D, the indica-japonica hybrid rice of Yongyou series had significant advantage in root-shoot coordination level, root amount. branch structure, root distribution in soil and biological activity in the middle and late growth stage. This peculiarity of A provides an important guarantee to realize the super-high-yield.

以甬优籼粳杂交稻群体(A)为研究对象，在稻麦两熟制机插高产栽培条件下，以三系杂交粳稻群体(B)、超级常规粳稻(C)和超级杂交籼稻群体(D)为对照的试验，旨在揭示甬优系列籼粳杂交稻超高产根系形态生理特征。结果表明：(1) 在生育中、后期，A的根系干重、地上部干重、根尖数、根系长度、根系表面积、根系体积及根冠比均显著高于B、C和D。(2) 抽穗期不定根(根径>0.3 mm)的根尖数、根系长度、根系表面积和根系体积占总根的比例表现为A大于B和C，小于D；细分支(根径≤0.1 mm)与粗分支(0.1 mm＜根径≤0.3 mm)的根尖数、根系长度、根系表面积和根系体积占总根的比例均表现为A大于D，小于B和C。抽穗期土层 0~5 cm、5~10 cm和10~15 cm范围根干重占根系总干重的比例表现为A大于B和C，小于D；土层15~25 cm、25~35 cm、35~45 cm、45~55 cm范围根干重占根系总干重的比例表现为A大于D，小于B和C。 (3) A抽穗后根系总吸收面积、根系活跃吸收面积、根系伤流强度以及根系氧化力和根系还原力均高于B、C和D。与杂交粳稻、常规粳稻和杂交籼稻相比，甬优系列籼粳杂交稻具有根冠协调水平高、群体根量大、分支结构优、根系深扎性好以及中、后期生理活性强等优势，这种根系特征为其超高产的实现提供了重要保障。

2015

0.0

姜元华, 许轲, 赵可, 孙建军, 韦还和, 许俊伟, 魏海燕, 郭保卫, 霍中洋, 戴其根, 张洪程. 甬优系列籼粳杂交稻的冠层结构与光合特性. 作物学报, 2015, 41: 286-296

Jiang Y

, Xu

, Zhao

, Sun J

, Wei H

, Xu J

, Wei H

, Guo B

, Huo Z

, Dai Q

, Zhang H

Canopy structure and photosynthetic characteristics of Yongyou series of indica-japonica hybrid rice under high-yielding cultivation condition.

Acta Agron Sin, 2015, 41: 286-296 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Compared with japonica hybrid rice cultivars(B), conventional japonica rice cultivars (C) and indica hybrid rice cultivars (D), Yongyou series of indica-japonica hybrid rice cultivars (A) were adopted to analyze the lightened posture of leave, light distribution of canopy and photosynthetic characteristics of plant systematically. Results were as follows: (1) leaf length, leaf width of top three leaves showed the trend of A>B>D>C, canopy extinction coefficient showed the trend of C>D>B>A, leaf basic angle of top three leaves and relative height of the largest leaf area density were D>A,>B>C, lower canopy leaf area density was C>B>A>D, plant height and largest leaf area density showed the trend of A>D>B>C, leaf drop angle of top three leaves showed the trend of D>B>C>A, upper canopy leaf area density observed D>A>B>C, lower canopy relative light showed the trend of A>B>C>D, lower canopy relative light and canopy average relative light showed the trend of B>A>C>D; (2) population LAI and high valid leaf area rate showed the trend of D>A>B>C at heading, valid leaf area rate, spikelets per cm2 leaf area, filled grains per cm2 leaf area, total biomass, economic yield, Chlorophyll (a+b) content, carotenoid content, PSII actual photochemical efficiency, net photosynthetic rate, enzyme activities of SOD, POD and CAT after heading showed the trend of A>B>C>D, harvest index and MDA content showed the trend of D>C>B>A. Therefore, compared with other three types of rice, Yongyou Series of indica-japonica hybrid rice had significant advantages in the canopy structure and photosynthetic characteristics, which are both normal ecological and physiological bases of high yield, and maybe an important way to improve the population productivity of inter-subspecific hybrid rice.

旨在阐明甬优系列籼粳杂交稻的冠层结构与光合特性。以甬优籼粳杂交稻(A)为研究对象，以三系杂交粳稻(B)、超级常规粳稻(C)和超级杂交籼稻(D)为对照，在机插高产栽培条件下，对不同类型水稻的叶片受光姿态和群体冠层光分布、光合特性系统比较研究。结果表明: (1)上3张叶片的长度、宽度表现为A>B>D>C，叶基角表现为D>A>B>C，披垂度表现为D>B>C>A。冠层上部叶面积密度表现为D>A>B>C，冠层下部叶面积密度表现为C>B>A>D，最大叶面积密度表现为A>D>B>C，最大叶面积密度出现的相对高度表现为D>A>B>C。冠层上部相对光照表现为A>B>C>D，冠层下部相对光照表现为B>A>C>D，冠层平均相对光照表现为B>A>C>D，冠层消光系数表现为C>D>B>A。(2)抽穗期群体叶面积指数、高效叶面积率均呈D>A>B>C趋势，有效叶面积率呈A>B>C>D趋势；颖花/叶和实粒/叶均表现为A>B>C>D。经济产量、生物产量均表现为A>B>C>D，经济系数呈D>C>B>A趋势；蜡熟期和成熟期剑叶的叶绿素含量、类胡萝卜素含量、PSII的光化学效率及净光合速率呈A>B>C>D趋势；抽穗至成熟期剑叶的MAD含量呈D>C>B>A趋势，SOD、POD、CAT酶活性呈A>B>C>D趋势。与其他3种类型水稻相比，甬优系列籼粳杂交稻的冠层结构与光合特性具有显著优势，这是甬优系列杂交稻产量潜力正常发挥的生态生理基础，也是进一步提高亚种间杂交稻群体生产力的重要途径。

... 姜元华等^[15]研究表明, 与杂交粳稻、常规粳稻和杂交籼稻相比, 甬优籼粳杂交稻花后光合势、净同化率、干物质积累量等均具有较明显的优势 ...

2014

0.0

韦还和, 李超, 张洪程, 孙玉海, 马荣荣, 王晓燕, 杨筠文, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲, 魏海燕, 郭保卫. 水稻甬优12不同产量群体的株型特征. 作物学报, 2014, 40: 2160-2168

Wei H

, Li

, Zhang H

, Sun Y

, Ma R

, Wang X

, Yang J

, Dai Q

, Huo Z

, Xu

, Wei H

, Guo B

Plant-type characteristics in populations with different yield of Yongyou 12.

Acta Agron Sin, 2014, 40: 2160-2168 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Using indica-japonica super rice Yongyou 12, we compared the plant-type characteristics among three types of populations (high yield: 10.5–12.0 t ha -1 ; higher yield: 12.0–13.5 t ha -1 ; super-high yield: >13.5 t ha -1 ). The main results indicated that in super-high yield population, the mean values of panicle length, total grains per spike, number of the primary and secondary rachises were 21.56, 356.34, 20.46, and 73.98, respectively, being higher than those in the high and higher yield populations. However, the seed-setting rate in the primary and secondary rachises showed slight reduction. Super-high yield population had longer length, larger width and higher rolling rate, smaller leaf basic angle and dropping angle, more green leaves after heading for the top-most three leaves in comparison with the other two populations. Compared with the other two populations, super-high yield population had higher plant height, longer length of top three internodes, higher ratio of sum of panicle and neck internode to plant height 39.84% and ratio of neck internode to stalk length 37.75%. The decreased length of basal three internodes, increased culm diameter, culm wall thickness and dry weight of culm and sheath made higher anti-broken strength and lower lodging index in super-high yield population.

以籼粳交超级稻甬优12为试材，比较研究高产(10.5~12.0 t hm -2 )、更高产(12.0~13.5 t hm -2 )、超高产( >13.5 t hm -2 ) 3个群体的株型特征。结果表明，穗长、穗粒数、一次和二次枝梗数，超高产群体分别为21.56、356.34、20.46和73.98 (两年平均值)，均高于对应的高产和更高产群体，但一次和二次枝梗的结实率略微降低。超高产群体上部三叶的长、宽以及卷曲率高，倒一、二、三叶的卷曲率分别为1.84、1.47、1.26，叶基角和披垂度小，抽穗后的主茎绿叶数多。超高产群体株高为143.50 cm，分别较更高产、高产群体高1.98%和3.83%，上部第一、二、三节间长度增加，穗长加穗下节间长占株高比例、穗下节间占秆长比例高，分别为39.84%和37.75%；基部第一、二、三节间长度缩短，茎秆粗度和茎壁厚度增加，茎、鞘干物重以及K、Si含量高，提高了基部节间的抗折力同时降低了倒伏指数。

1988

0.0

朱庆森, 曹显祖, 骆亦其. 水稻籽粒灌浆的生长分析. 作物学报, 1988, 14: 182-193

Zhu Q

, Cao X

, Luo Y

Growth analysis on the process of grain filling in rice.

Acta Agron Sin, 1988, 14: 182-193 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Richards equation W=A/(1+Be~(-kt)) 1/N was used to describe theweight increasing of the strong and the weak grains of six rice varieties(including hybrids).According to N values in the equation of theweak grain,the grain-filling processes of the six rice varieties fall intotwo types,one was synchron

用 Richards 方程 W=A/(1+Be~(-kt))1/N 配合农垦57号、汕优63号等6个品种(含杂种)强、弱势粒的籽粒增重资料。依弱势粒配得方程的 N 值,将此6个水稻品种的籽粒灌浆状况分为两个类型,即:01的异步灌浆型。并据籽粒生长速率曲线的两个拐点,将籽粒灌浆过程划分为:前,中(盛)、后(至90%A 止)3个期。同时导出:起始生长势 Ro=K/N,生

... 参照朱庆森等^[17]的方法, 求出以下参数 ...

2013

0.0

... Xiong等^[18]研究表明, 超高产品种花后干物质积累量、干物质转移量、干物质转移率均显著高于一般高产品种 ...

2014

0.0

龚金龙, 邢志鹏, 胡雅杰, 张洪程, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲, 魏海燕, 高辉. 籼、粳超级稻光合物质生产与转运特征的差异. 作物学报, 2014, 40: 494-510

Gong J

, Xing Z

, Hu Y

, Zhang H

, Dai Q

, Huo Z

, Xu

, Wei H

, Gao

Difference in characteristics of photosynthesis, matter production and translocation between indica and japonica super rice.

Acta Agron Sin, 2014, 40: 494-510 (in Chinese with English abstract)

为阐明籼、粳超级稻干物质积累及光合生产特征的差异,以江苏地区大面积推广种植的5个超级杂交籼稻组合和5个常规粳型超级稻品种为试验材料,对稻麦两熟制条件下籼、粳超级稻干物质积累、分配、运转及叶面积、光合势、群体生长率、净同化率、秧苗素质、叶型等方面进行了系统的比较研究。结果表明,粳稻生育前期(移栽至拔节期)干物质积累量、光合势、群体生长率、净同化率及上三叶叶长、叶基角、叶开角、披垂度和叶面积衰减率、收获指数均小于籼稻,而生育中后期(拔节至成熟期)干物质积累量、光合势、群体生长率、净同化率及有效叶面积率、高效叶面积率、粒叶比(颖花/叶、实粒/叶、粒重/叶)、最大叶面积指数、总充实量、实收产量、生物产量、茎鞘最大输出量和表观输出量及比率均大于籼稻,差异显著或极显著。虽然粳稻主要生育期单茎干物重均不及籼稻,但群体数量优势保证粳稻具有较高的群体干物质积累量和叶面积,且随着生长发育的持续,群体光合物质生产优势不断加大,群体干物质积累量于抽穗后25 d前后超过籼稻。粳稻灌浆后期(乳熟至成熟期)仍保持强劲生长优势,而灌浆初期(抽穗至乳熟期)茎鞘贮存物质合理输出,有效保障了高效光合层的安全支撑及高积累产量库的流畅充实。高生物学产量的稳定形成和叶面积"稳升缓降"态势以及拔节至成熟期较强的高效光合物质生产,是粳稻光合系统高效持续产出、灌浆充实多及高产形成的重要特征和原因。

... 龚金龙等^[19]研究表明, 粳型超级稻花后干物质积累量、光合势、群体生长率、净同化率均显著高于籼型超级稻 ...

... 龚金龙等^[19]研究表明, 粳型超级稻移栽至拔节期的干物质积累速率低于籼型超级稻, 拔节至抽穗期、抽穗至成熟期的干物质积累速率则以粳型超级稻高于籼型超级稻 ...

2011

0.0

赵新华, 束红梅, 王友华, 陈兵林, 周治国. 施氮量对棉铃干物质和氮累积及分配的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2011, 17: 888-897

Zhao X

, Shu H

, Wang Y

, Chen B

, Zhou Z

Effects of nitrogen fertilization on accumulation and distribution of dry weight and nitrogen of cotton bolls.

Plant Nutr Fert Sci, 2011, 17: 888-897 (in Chinese with English abstract)

To investigate the responses of the accumulation and distribution of dry weight and nitrogen of cotton bolls to nitrogen applications and their relationships with fiber and seed quality characteristics, field experiments were carried out in Xuzhou (117°11′E, 34°15′N) and Anyang (114°13′E, 36°04′N) using two cotton cultivars, Kemian 1 and NuCOTN, with three nitrogen levels (N0, 240 and 480 kg/ ha). The results show that the dry weights, nitrogen accumulation characteristics of cotton bolls (shell, fiber and seed) and quality of cotton bolls are affected under the N fertilization. In a single boll, at the N240 kg/ha, its dry weight is the highest except cotton shell, its nitrogen content is in the middle, and its nitrogen accumulation amount is the highest. Thus the boll weight is the highest and the cotton boll quality (fiber and cottonseed quality) is the best. At the N 0 kg/ ha, the start time of rapid dry weight is earlier, the rates of dry weight and nitrogen accumulation are slower, and the dry weight and nitrogen accumulation amounts are lower, which result in the lowest boll weight and the poorest cotton boll quality. At the N 480 kg/ha, the nitrogen content and accumulation amount are increased in cotton bolls. In mature one, dry weight distributive indices are decreased in cotton fiber, while nitrogen distributive indices are increased in cotton seeds. The seed protein content is increased, while boll weight, fiber strength and seed oil content are decreased. These results indicate that the low nitrogen rate affects the transportation of photosynthesis production and nitrogen to bolls, the high nitrogen rate affects the distribution of cotton dry weight and nitrogen in cotton bolls, and both of the rates decrease the boll weight and qualities of fiber and cotton seeds.

以高品质棉（科棉1号）和常规棉（美棉33B）品种为材料，2005年在江苏徐州（117°11′E, 34°15′N）、2007年在河南安阳（114°13′E, 36°04′N）设置施氮量（低氮N 0 kg/hm2，适氮N 240 kg/hm2，高氮N 480 kg/hm2）试验，研究施氮量对棉铃干物质、氮累积分配和棉铃（纤维、棉子）品质的影响。结果表明：施氮可改变棉铃各部分干物质和氮素的累积特征，进而影响棉铃重和棉铃品质。在本试验N 240 kg/hm2水平下，单铃棉子和纤维的干物质累积量最大，棉铃各部分（铃壳、纤维、棉子）氮含量适中、氮累积量最高，最终铃重最大，棉纤维和棉子品质最优；在不施氮（N 0 kg/hm2）时，棉铃干物质和氮快速累积期开始较早、累积速率较低，最终干物质和氮累积量均较低，铃重最低，棉纤维和棉子品质最差。在N 480 kg/hm2水平下，棉铃各部分（铃壳、纤维、棉子）的氮含量和累积量提高，且在成熟棉铃中棉纤维干物质的分配系数下降，棉子中的氮分配系数提高，最终棉子中蛋白质含量上升，铃重和棉纤维比强度、棉子油分含量均降低。综上所述，施氮量过低影响棉铃干物质和氮素的累积，而施氮量过高则主要影响棉铃干物质和氮素在铃壳、棉子和纤维间的分配，二者均导致最终的铃重降低、棉纤维和棉子品质变劣。

2012

0.0

纪洪亭, 冯跃华, 何腾兵, 潘剑, 范乐乐, 李云, 武彪, 肖铭, 梁显林. 超级杂交稻群体干物质和养分积累动态模型与特征分析. 中国农业科学, 2012, 45: 3709-3720

Ji H

, Feng Y

, He T

, Pan

, Fan L

, Li

, Wu

, Xiao

, Liang X

A dynamic model of dry matter and nutrient accumulation in super hybrid rice and analysis of its characteristics.

Sci Agric Sin, 2012, 45: 3709-3720 (in Chinese with English abstract)

【Objective】 Modeling dynamics of dry matter and nutrient accumulation of super hybrid rice is an important task for further improvement of yield and rational application of fertilizer.【Method】A field experiment with two super hybrid cultivars (Zhunliangyou527, Qyou 6) and CK(Ⅱyou838) was conducted in 2011, and dry matter accumulation (DMA) and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium accumulation（NA, PA, KA）were measured. The dynamic equations of relative dry matter accumulation (DMAR) and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium accumulation （NAR, PAR, KAR） were established with the normalized DMA, normalized NA, PK and KA and normalized growth time, and the dynamic characteristics of DMA and NA, PA, KA changes were analyzed based on the relative equations.【Result】Gompertz simulated better than the other equations for the DMA and nutrient dynamic accumulation characteristics of super hybrid rice. The equations were validated with field experimental data of 2009 and 2011.The NRMSE of DMA simulation were relatively smaller, and R2 values were above 0.9820. The accuracies were about 1, and the NS values were above 0.9530. Validation for the nutrient accumulation equation showed that the model simulated well. The R2, k and NS were all about 1. The analysis of growth characteristics of super hybrid rice showed that the rate of DMA in super hybrid rice was slightly higher than CK at earlier stage and significantly at last stage. The maximum rate of DMA of super hybrid rice was from boot stage to heading stage. The initial of DMA rapid growth stage for super hybrid rice were lower than the CK. The duration of rapid growth period of DMA of super hybrid rice was 71-75 d, which was 16-19 d longer than the CK and the ratio of DMA of rapid growth period in total DMA of super hybrid rice was 4.47%-11.25% higher than that of the CK. The maximum NA rate of super hybrid rice was in 10 d before boot stage. The NA (nitrogen accumulation) rapid growth stage was from 12 d before jointing stage to heading stage, and the NA in rapid growth period was 65.60% of total NA. The maximum PA rate of super hybrid rice was in 8 d before boot stage. The PA（phosphorus accumulation）rapid growth stage was from after jointing stage to 7 d before heading stage, and the PA in rapid growth period was 68.36% of total PA. The maximum KA rate of super hybrid rice was in 3-4 d after jointing stage. The PA(potassium accumulation) rapid growth stage was from 12-16 d after jointing stage to 1-5 d before heading stage, and the KA in rapid growth period was 60.10%-61.71% of total KA. 【Conclusion】The study used the Gompertz equation to simulate the DMA and nutrient dynamic accumulation characteristics of super hybrid rice. The advantage of DMA and nutrient of super hybrid rice were that the duration of rapid growth was longer than that of conventional rice, and the accumulation rate at last stage was faster relatively.

【目的】定量描述超级杂交稻干物质与养分积累的动态变化，为进一步提高超级杂交稻干物质积累的潜力以及肥料的合理施用提供依据。【方法】于2011年在大田条件下，以超级杂交稻准两优527、Q优6号和对照品种Ⅱ优838为供试材料，通过连续测定干物质和氮磷钾含量，并对干物质和氮磷钾积累量及生长时间进行归一化处理，建立超级杂交稻相对干物质和相对氮磷钾积累动态模型，进而分析超级杂交稻干物质和氮磷钾积累的动态特征。【结果】Gompertz方程对超级杂交稻干物质和养分的动态模拟效果较好。利用2009年和2011年试验数据对模型进行验证，干物质积累模型模拟的NRMSE较小，R2值均达到0.9820以上，模拟的准确度（以k表示）约为1，NS均在0.9530以上；对养分积累模型检验表明，模型模拟效果较好，不同模型NRMSE较小，R2和k值以及NS值趋近于1。对超级杂交稻生长特性分析表明，超级杂交稻干物质积累速率在前期略高于对照，后期尤为明显，最大干物质积累速率出现在孕穗至抽穗期；超级杂交稻干物质积累快速增长期持续的时间为71—75 d，比对照持续时间长15—19 d；快速增长期干物质积累量占总积累量的比例，超级杂稻比对照品种高4.47%—11.25%。超级杂交稻氮积累的最大速率出现在孕穗期前10 d；氮积累的快速增长期出现在拔节期前12 d至抽穗期，在快速增长期氮的积累量占氮总积累量的65.60%。超级杂交稻磷积累的最大速率出现在孕穗期前8 d；磷积累的快速增长期出现在拔节期至抽穗期前7 d，在快速增长期的磷积累量占磷总积累量的68.36%；超级杂交稻钾积累的最大速率出现在拔节期后3—4 d；钾积累的快速增长期出现在拔节期前12—16 d至孕穗期前1—5 d，在快速增长期的钾积累量占钾总积累量的60.10%—61.71%。【结论】采用Gompertz模型y=ae-exp(b-cx)模拟了超级杂交稻干物质和养分的积累动态。超级杂交稻干物质和养分的优势在于快速增长期持续时间较长，中后期干物质和养分积累速率较快。

... 纪洪亭等^[10,21]基于Gompertz方程分析了超级杂交水稻的干物质积累、养分积累特征 ...

2006

0.0

林瑞余, 梁义元, 蔡碧琼, 何海斌, 林文雄. 不同水稻产量形成过程的干物质积累与分配特征. 中国农学通报, 2006, 22(2): 185-190

Lin R

, Liang Y

, Cai B

, He H

, Lin W

Characteristics of dry matter accumulation and partitioning in the process of yield formation in different rice cultivars.

Chin Agric Sci Bull, 2006, 22(2): 185-190 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Characteristics of dry matter accumulation and distribution in three different rice cultivars, i.e. three-line hybrid rice Shanyou 63, two-line hybrid rice Liangyou 2186 and traditional rice IR 64, were studied in experimental farm of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou China in 2003. The results showed that the three rice cultivars performanced the same trends in the accumulation of dry matter, and no significant difference was found in all entries throughout all developmental stages. The amounts of accumulated dry matter in Shanyou 63, Liangyou 2186 and IR64 were 2074.13 g/m2, 1976.10 g/m2 and 1924.14 g/m2 at yellow mature stage, respectively, showing no significant different among them, then went down to 1926.38 g/m2, 1933.80 g/m2 and 1842.30 g/m2 at fully grain-maturing stage, accompanying with 7.12%, 2.63% and 4.25% consumed amounts of total dry matter accumulated at yellow maturing stage during full mature stage for Shanyou 63, Liangyou 2186 and IR64, which were considered to be related to higher respiration and natural plant aging. The community growth rate(CGR) of Shanyou 63 and IR64 peaked at full tilling stage, indicating 52.13 g/(m2?d) and 44.26 g/(m2?d) respectively, and Liangyou 2186 peaked at early heading stage with a value of 45.15 g/(m2?d). The CGR of the three rice cultivars changed in different developmental stage showed in the order: Early heading stage(Full heading stage)>Grain filling stage >Yellow maturing stage>Full tilling stage>Early tilling stage. Moreover, the rates of dry matter partitioning to the sink of grain in Shanyou 63, Liangyou 2186 and IR 64 were 47.94%, 41.14% and 45.69% respectively, of which about 46.87%, 24.98% and 34.41% dry matter stored in leaf, stem, shealth and root were translocated to grain sink in the process of grain filling. In view of translocation and partitioning coefficients of dry matter to grain, Shanyou 63（three-line hybrid rice）was much more advantageous over Liangyou 2186 (two-line hybrid rice) and IR 64 (traditional rice). In addition, the regression for dry matter accumulation over the rice growing and developing course showed that it could be fit by cubic equation better than that by Logistic equation, with R2 > 0.99 for any of the three rice cultivars.

2003年在福建农林大学教学农场以晚季稻汕优63（三系杂交稻）、两优2186（二系杂交稻）和IR64（常规稻）为材料，研究了3种晚季水稻产量形成过程的干物质积累与分配特征。结果表明，汕优63、两优2186和IR64的干物质积累量在各生育期的变化趋势相似，干物质积累量间亦无显著差异。汕优63、两优2186和IR64的干物质积累量均在黄熟期最高，依次达到2074.13 g/m2、1976.10 g/m2和1924.14 g/m2，完熟期时依次降低到1926.38 g/m2、1933.80 g/m2和1842.30 g/m2，完熟过程中损耗的干物质分别占其干物质积累量的7.12%、2.63%和4.25%，这与呼吸消耗增强，稻株自然衰老有关。汕优63和IR64的群体生长率均以孕穗初期最大，分别为52.13 g/(m2·d)和44.26 g/(m2·d)，两优2186的CGR以齐穗期最大（45.15 g/ )，3种水稻各生育期CGR的大小依次为：孕穗初期（齐穗期）>灌浆期>黄熟期>分蘖盛期>分蘖初期。3种水稻的干物质在各器官中的分配比例均以籽粒的最大，汕优63、两优2186和IR64的干物质分配在籽粒中的比例分别为47.94%，41.14% 和45.69%。灌浆过程中，汕优63、两优2186和IR64总干物质的表观转化率依次为46.87%、24.98%和34.41%。汕优63（三系杂交稻）在物质转化和分配方面比两优2186（二系杂交稻）和IR64 （常规稻）更优。采用三次曲线模型和Logistic模型对3种水稻产量形成过程干物质积累变化进行拟合的结果表明，三次曲线模型拟合的精度均比Logistic模型高，R2均大于0.99。

... 林瑞余等^[22]研究表明, 三次曲线对杂交籼稻(汕优63和两优2186)和常规稻(IR64)的拟合效果好于Logistic模型 ...

2002

0.0

杨京平, 姜宁, 陈杰. 水稻吸氮量和干物质积累的模拟试验研究. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2002, 8: 318-324

Yang J

, Jiang

, Chen

The validation of modeling effects of different nitrogen levels on the leaf nitrogen and yield dynamic of rice.

Plant Nutr Fert Sci, 2002, 8: 318-324 (in Chinese with English abstract)

This paper described the soil nitrogen and fertilizer nitrogen effects on the rice ( Oryza sativa L.) growth in different stages and how about the rice absorbs the nitrogen process and nitrogen distribution in the organs. By means of the rice growth simulation model ORYZA, combined with the field experiments and water tank plots, the model and nitrogen dynamic modules for rice were tested and validated. The modeling results presented a reasonable fitness with the real measured results on the biological yield, economic yield, leaf nitrogen content and total nitrogen of rice. The relationship co-efficiency between the modeling and measured figures for the biological yield, economic yield, leaf nitrogen and total nitrogen of rice were r=0.9889;r=0.9922;r=0.9597; r=0.9234 respectively. The results indicated that the rice model and nitrogen modules can predicted the actual rice growth and nitrogen accumulation and distribution dynamics in two rice varieties.

本文描述了土壤氮和肥料氮素对水稻不同时期生长的影响及水稻对氮素吸收和在各组织器官的分布模式 ,借助水稻生长模型ORYZA - 0 ,通过田间和水槽的氮肥试验结果对水稻模型和氮素动态模块进行了验证。结果表明 ,模型模拟的水稻生物量、产量、叶片吸氮量和地上部吸氮量与实测值呈明显的正相关 ,其相关系数分别为 :生物量r=0.9889;产量r =0.9992 ;叶片吸氮量r =0.9597;地上部吸氮量r =0.9234。模拟生物量、产量和实测的生物及产量的相关性较高 ;而对叶片吸氮量、地上部吸氮量的模拟值与实测值的相关性稍低一些。但总体来看 ,该模型不仅能较准确地模拟水稻生长动态 ,而且可以模拟水稻氮吸收和积累的行为动态

... 杨京平等^[23]借助水稻生长模型Oryza-0研究了水稻干物质和氮素积累的动态特征 ...

2001

0.0

杨惠杰, 李义珍, 杨仁崔, 姜照伟, 郑景生. 超高产水稻的干物质生产特性研究. 中国水稻科学, 2001, 15: 265-270

Yang H

, Li Y

, Yang R

, Jiang Z

, Zheng J

Dry matter production characteristics of super high yielding rice.

Chin J Rice Sci, 2001, 15: 265-270 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Physiological characteristics of super high yielding rice cultivars, which were bred recently, were studied in Longhai, Fujian and Taoyuan, Yunnan. The results showed that super high yielding rice cultivars accumulated high biomass production. The grain yield were raised with the increase of total dry matter accumulation. The grain yield resulted primarily from biomass production and harvest index contributed little to the grain yield. The production superiority of super high yielding rice was exhibited during the middle and late growth stages and the yield was increased with the increase of net dry matter accumulation during the two stages. The crop growth rate(CGR) of the cultivar during the middle and late growth stages had high positive correlation with the yield. However there was no close correlation between the CGR and the yield during the early stage. The average exportation amount of stem and leaf dry matter contributed 24%(Fujian) or 33%(Yunnan) to grain production. Both stem and leaf dry matter exportation amount and dry matter accumulation after heading had a very significant positive correlation with the grain yield. The contribution of CGR to dry matter accumulation was significantly larger than that of growth duration.

以我国近年育成的超高产水稻品种为材料, 在福建龙海和云南涛源研究分析了超高产水稻品种的高产生理特性。结果表明超高产水稻品种积累了高额的生物量。稻谷产量随干物质积累总量的增加而提高，产量主要取决于生物产量的高低，而收获指数对稻谷产量的贡献较小。超高产水稻干物质生产优势在中期和后期，产量随中期和后期干物质净积累量的增加而提高。中期和后期的群体生长率(CGR)与产量呈高度正相关，而前期CGR与产量的关系不密切。茎叶干物质输出量构成籽粒产量平均为24％（福建龙海）和33％（云南涛源），茎叶干物质输出量和抽穗后干物质积累量均与稻谷产量呈极显著正相关。在同一地点，对干物质积累的作用，CGR显著大于生长日数。

... 杨惠杰等^[24]研究表明, 超高产水稻品种的最大干物质积累速率出现在生育中期, 且生育中期和后期的干物质积累速率与产量呈高度正相关 ...

2014

0.0

姜元华, 张洪程, 韦还和, 赵可, 许俊伟, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲, 魏海燕, 郭保卫. 亚种间杂交稻不同冠层叶形组合产量差异及其形成机理. 中国农业科学, 2014, 47: 2313-2325

Jiang Y

, Zhang H

, Wei H

, Zhao

, Xu J

, Dai Q

, Huo Z

, Xu

, Wei H

, Guo B

Difference of yield and its formation mechanism of indica-japonica inter-subspecific hybrid rice with different canopy leaf types.

Sci Agric Sin, 2014, 47: 2313-2325 (in Chinese with English abstract)

【Objective】The objective of this study was to reveal the difference of grain yield and its formation mechanism between clown leaf moderate type(CLMT) and clown leaf long type(CLLT) of Yongyou series of indica-japonica-hybrid-rice under the super high yield cultivation conditions. 【Method】 A field experiment was conducted with CLMT combination such as A26/F9250, A16/F9250, Yongyou 12, Yongyou 13 and CLLT combination such as A43/F8585, A41/ F8585, Yongyou 15, Yongyou 11 as materials in rice-wheat cropping areas (Yangzhou, Changshu of Jiangsu) in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River in 2011-2012. Difference in grain yield, the sink structure, stem and sheath material accumulation and transfer, photosynthetic characteristics and superior and inferior grain-filling characteristics between CLMT and CLLT of indica-japonica hybrid rice were analyzed systematically. 【Result】 Under the super high yield cultivation conditions, the grain yield of CLMT was significantly higher than that of CLLT, the yields of CLMT were 11.62 t•hm-2(Changshu, 2011), 11.98 t•hm-2(Yangzhou, 2011), 12.51 t•hm-2(Changshu, 2011), and 12.30 t•hm-2(Yangzhou, 2011), and were 8.85%, 9.75%, 9.60%, and 10.26% higher than those of CLLT, respectively. Effective panicles, effective spikelets per panicle, total spikelets of the CLMT were higher than those of CLLT. Total sink weight of CLMT was equal with CLLT, while 1000- grain weight, filling index of the CLMT were lower than those of CLLT. It was indicated that the increasement of filling index was the key point of higher yield of CLMT. Stem and sheath weight at heading and milky stages, stem and sheath apparent output, apparent output rate, apparent transfer rate from heading to maturity of CLMT were lower than that of CLLT, but stem and sheath weight in maturity, the maximum output, the maximum output rate, maximum transport rate from heading to milk stage of CLMT was higher than those of CLLT. It was found that translocation mechanism of stem and sheath of CLMT was more reasonable than those of CLLT. Leaf area index of CLMT was lower than that of CLLT at heading stage, and equal to that of CLLT at milk stage, and higher than that of CLLT at maturity . Photosynthetic rate of flag leaf of CLMT was equal to that of CLLT at heading and milk stages, and was higher than that of CLLT at maturity stage. Leaf area duration of CLMT was equal to that of CLLT from heading stage to milk stage and was higher than that of CLLT from milky stage to maturity stage. The decreasing rate of leaf area and photosynthetic rate of CLMT were lower than those of CLLT both from heading to milk stage and from milk stage to maturity. It was indicated that CLMT had photosynthetic production advantages during the late solid phase. For superior grain, initial growth power (Ro), time of the relative maximum grain filling rate (Tmax), active grain filling period (D) and effective filling time (T99) of CLMT were higher or longer than those of CLLT, while the relative maximum grain filling rate (RGRmax), the relative average grain filling rate (RGRmean) in superior grain of CLMT were lower slightly than those of CLLT. For inferior grain, RO of CLMT was lower than that of CLLT, while Tmax, D, T99, RGRmax, RGRmean of CLMT were longer or higher than those of CLLT. Both for superior grain and for inferior grain, the grain filling rate of CLMT was higher than those of CLLT. 【Conclusion】Under the mechanized and simplified super high cultivation conditions, there was no big difference in total sink weight between CLMT and CLLT, but matter translocation of stem and sheath at early grain filling stage, photosynthetic characteristics at later grain filling stage of CLMT were higher than that of CLLT, therefore，the grain filling rate and yield of CLMT were higher than that of CLLT. Reasonable stem sheath matter transport mechanism, strong photosynthetic production performance and gentle lasting filling characteristics were the mainly physiological basis of the formation of the yield advantage.

【目的】旨在明确稻麦两熟制地区超高产栽培条件下甬优系列籼粳杂交稻不同冠层叶形组合产量差异及其形成机理。【方法】2011—2012年，在长江下游稻麦两熟制地区（江苏常熟、扬州）选用甬优系列冠叶适中型组合A26/F9250、A16/F9250、甬优12、甬优13与冠叶过长型组合A43/F8585、A41/F8585、甬优15、甬优11为试验材料，在超高产栽培条件下，系统研究了二者产量构成因素特征、茎鞘物质积累与转运机制、叶片光合特性和强、弱势粒灌浆特性等方面的差异。【结果】（1）两年、两点的试验均表明，籼粳亚种间杂交稻冠叶适中型产量明显高于冠叶过长型组合，2011年常熟、2011年扬州、2012年常熟和2012年扬州冠叶适中型组合实际产量分别达11.62、11.98、12.51、和12.30 t•hm-2，较冠叶过长型组合分别增产8.85%、9.75%、9.60%和10.26%。与冠叶过长型组合相比，冠叶适中型组合有效穗数略多，每穗粒数明显多，群体颖花量大、饱粒千粒重小，最大库容重与冠叶过长型组合相当，但籽粒充实度明显高，说明冠叶适中型组合较冠叶过长型组合增产的主要原因为籽粒充实度的提高。（2）冠叶适中型组合抽穗期单茎茎鞘重、乳熟期单茎茎鞘重、抽穗至成熟期的茎鞘表观输出量、表观输出率和表观转运率低于冠叶过长型组合，但成熟期单茎茎鞘重、抽穗至乳熟期的最大输出量、最大输出率、最大转运率均高于冠叶过长型组合。说明冠叶适中型组合在结实期具有合理的茎鞘物质转运机制。（3）与冠叶特长型组合相比，冠叶适中型组合叶面积指数抽穗期稍低，乳熟期相当，成熟期明显高；净光合速率在抽穗期和乳熟期相当，在成熟期明显高；光合势在抽穗期至乳熟期相当，乳熟至成熟期明显高；叶面积衰减率和净光合速率衰减率在抽穗至乳熟期以及乳熟至成熟期均明显高。说明冠叶适中型组合结实后期光合生产具有优势。（4）与冠叶过长型组合相比，冠叶适中型组合强势粒起始生长势（R0）高、达到相对最大灌浆速率的时间（Tmax）推迟、活跃灌浆期（D）和有效灌浆时间（T99）延长，相对最大灌浆速率（RGRmax）和相对平均灌浆速率（RGRmean）略低，终极充实度（A）高；冠叶适中型组合弱势粒R0低，Tmax推迟，D和T99延长，RGRmax和RGRmean略高，A也明显高。【结论】在稻麦两熟制稻区超高产栽培条件下，甬优系列冠叶适中型组合具有明显的产量优势；结实期合理的茎鞘物质转运机制、较强的光合生产性能和平缓持久的灌浆特性是该类组合产量优势形成的主要生理基础。

... 现象被认为是源库关系协调的重要指标^[25,26], 即水稻单茎茎鞘重在花后经历先下降后上升的变化 ...

2003

0.0

马均, 朱庆森, 马文波, 田彦华, 杨建昌, 周开达. 重穗型水稻光合作用、物质积累与运转的研究. 中国农业科学, 2003, 36: 375-381

, Zhu Q

, Ma W

, Tian Y

, Yang J

, Zhou K

Studies on the photosynthetic characteristics and accumulation and transformation of assimilation product in heavy panicle types of rice.

Sci Agric Sin, 2003, 36: 375-381 (in Chinese with English abstract)

以 18个不同穗重型籼稻品种为材料 ,研究了重穗型水稻的光合作用及物质运转。结果表明 ,重穗型水稻在齐穗后的剑叶净光合速率明显高于中、轻穗型品种。其机理是剑叶的Rubisco活性提高及叶绿素含量增加 ;有在高、低光强、高温和低CO2 浓度下对CO2 较强的同化能力的优势 ,光合“午休”现象较轻 ,能保持较高的净光合速率 ,显示其对环境有较强的适应性 ;气孔性状优良、气孔开度积 (单位面积气孔密度×气孔开度 )大 ,也是重穗型水稻净光合速率高的重要气孔因素。重穗型水稻抽穗后物质积累的优势明显 ,且茎鞘物质向穗部的转运量、转运率和转化率也远高于中、轻穗型品种。

... 现象被认为是源库关系协调的重要指标^[25,26], 即水稻单茎茎鞘重在花后经历先下降后上升的变化 ...

2015

0.0

龚金龙, 邢志鹏, 胡雅杰, 张洪程, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲, 魏海燕, 高辉. 籼、粳超级稻茎秆抗倒支撑特征的差异研究. 中国水稻科学, 2015, 29: 273-281

Gong J

, Xing Z

, Hu Y

, Zhang H

, Dai Q

, Huo Z

, Xu

, Wei H

, Gao

Difference in lodging resistance of culm between indica and japonica super rice.

Chin J Rice Sci, 2015, 29: 273-281 (in Chinese with English abstract)

To reveal the difference in lodging resistance of culm between indica and japonica super rice, a field experiment was conducted by using two main representative super hybrid indica combinations and two conventional japonica super rice varieties as materials in the ricewheat cropping regions. Characteristics of morphology, Filling and mechanics, breaking resistance, bending moment, lodging index, apparent lodging rate in the field and grain yield were analyzed systematically. Results showed that: 1) grain yield of japonica rice was significantly higher than that of indica rice, with a rate of 12.30%. For the culm of 0-20 cm from the bottom, the bending moment of japonica rice was significantly higher than indica rice and the lodging index followed an opposite trend without lodging, compared to the average apparent lodging rates in the field of 11.97%, 12.50% from 2011 to 2012 for Yangliangyou 6 and Liangyoupeijiu, respectively. 2) For all the four basal internodes, indica rice had significantly higher breaking resistance and lodging index, while bending moment followed an opposite tendency. 3) Length of each internode and plant height, outer diameter of basal internode, stalk type index, single panicle weight, height of gravity center and ratio of gravity center height to plant height of japonica rice were lower than that of indica rice significantly, with an opposite trend for ratio of neck internode length to stalk length. 4) Culm diameter and wall thickness for all the six elongated internodes of japonica rice were less than that of indica rice, with culm diameter from 1st internode from the bottom to the 4th internode from the bottom reaching a significant level. 5) Dry weight of culm of each internode in japonica rice was lower than that of indica rice and dry weight of leaf sheath of each internode in Liangyoupeijiu was significantly higher than that in the other three varieties. Dry weight per unit internode for the second internode from the bottom of japonica rice was slightly higher than indica rice, while the opposite trend was found for the others. 6) Retaining force per hill and buckling resistance of japonica rice were greater than indica rice significantly, while recovery after pushing followed an opposite tendency accordingly. Therefore, japonica rice was provided with strong ability of retaining and lodging, and indica rice had strong recovering ability. Moreover, for japonica rice, high yield and lodging resistance can be achieved at the same time, owing to its small breaking resistance, large bending moment, low plant height, appropriate internode charactericstics, low height of gravity center, enough dry matter of basal internode, and so on.

为阐明籼、粳超级稻茎秆抗倒支撑特征的差异，以当地主栽且具有代表性的2个超级杂交籼稻组合和2个常规粳型超级稻品种为试验材料，在稻麦两熟制条件下对籼、粳超级稻茎秆形态特征、充实性状和力学特性以及弯曲力矩、抗折力、倒伏指数、田间表观倒伏率和实收产量等进行了系统的比较研究。结果表明，1)粳稻实收产量较籼稻高12.30%，差异极显著；基部0~20 cm节间抗折力极显著高于籼稻、倒伏指数极显著低于籼稻，没有出现明显倒伏现象，而籼稻扬两优6号和两优培九两年平均田间表观倒伏率分别达11.97%和12.50%；2)粳稻基部四个节间弯曲力矩均极显著小于籼稻，抗折力均极显著大于籼稻，最终粳稻基部第1至第4节间的倒伏指数均极显著低于籼稻；3)粳稻各节间长度和株高以及基部节间外径、秆型指数、单穗质量、重心高和相对重心高度均小于籼稻，差异显著或极显著，而穗下节间长/秆长粳稻极显著大于籼稻；4)粳稻六个伸长节间的茎秆粗度和茎壁厚度均小于籼稻，其中，基部第1至第4伸长节间的茎秆粗度达到显著或极显著水平；5)粳稻各节间茎秆干质量均小于籼稻，两优培九各节间叶鞘干质量极显著高于其他3个品种，且粳稻基部第2节间单位节间茎秆干质量略高于籼稻，而基部第1、3、4、5、6节间粳稻单位节间茎秆干质量均低于籼稻；6)粳稻单穴固持力和抗弯阻力均显著或极显著大于籼稻，而按压恢复度显著或极显著小于籼稻。可见粳稻固持抗倒能力较强，籼稻抗倒恢复能力较强，且粳稻能协调实现高产与抗倒，这可能与其弯曲力矩小、抗折力大、株高矮、节间配置合理、重心低以及基部节间物质充实足等有关。

... 一般而言, 水稻单茎茎鞘重在花后20~25 d最低, 因此, 水稻倒伏相关指标的测定也多在此时期进行^[27,28,29] ...

2011

0.0

李杰, 张洪程, 龚金龙, 常勇, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲, 魏海燕. 不同种植方式对超级稻植株抗倒伏能力的影响. 中国农业科学, 2011, 44: 2234-2243

, Zhang H

, Gong J

, Chang

, Dai Q

, Huo Z

, Xu

, Wei H

Effects of different planting methods on the culm lodging resistance of super rice.

Sci Agric Sin, 2011, 44: 2234-2243 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[目的]倒伏是水稻"高产、优质、高效、生态、安全"综合生产目标的限制因素之一.本研究旨在探讨不同种植方式超级稻的抗倒伏能力,为合理选用种植方式,实现"十字"综合目标提供理论依据.[方法]长江下游稻-麦两熟制条件下,以超级稻品种淮稻9号和Ⅲ优98为材料,设置旱育中苗壮秧精量手栽、小苗机插、直播3种种植方式,以倒伏指数作为衡量植株抗倒伏能力的指标,在齐穗后25 d,研究不同种植方式水稻基部第1节间(N1)、第2节间(N2)、第3节间(N3)、第4节间(N4)抗倒伏能力和主要物理性状的差异,并对倒伏指数、抗折力与茎秆主要物理性状进行相关分析.[结果]不同种植方式水稻抗倒伏能力差异极显著,手栽稻倒伏指数最小,抗倒伏能力最强,直播稻倒伏指数最大,抗倒伏能力最差,机插稻居于二者之间.抗折力的大小是不同种植方式水稻倒伏指数差异的主要原因,N1、N2、N3、N4节间的抗折力与株高、重心高度、茎秆粗度、茎壁厚度、茎秆干重、叶鞘干重、单位节间干重、节间基部至穗顶的长度和鲜重及弯曲力矩呈显著或极显著正相关,与相对重心高度和节间长度呈显著或极显著负相关.与机插稻和直播稻相比,手栽稻基部节间抗折力大、倒伏指数小的主要原因是:(1)株高的增加是节间数增多、穗长及穗下2个节间变长所致,而茎秆基部易于发生倒伏的2-3个节间长度反而比机插稻和直播稻短;(2)基部各节间粗度和茎壁厚度均有明显增加,且茎、鞘干重大,单位节间干重极显著增加,茎秆的充实度好.[结论]不同种植方式水稻茎秆主要物理性状优化组合不同,基部节间短而粗,茎壁厚度大,茎秆充实程度好,是手栽稻抗折力大、倒伏指数小、抗倒伏能力强的直接原因.

... 一般而言, 水稻单茎茎鞘重在花后20~25 d最低, 因此, 水稻倒伏相关指标的测定也多在此时期进行^[27,28,29] ...

2015

0.0

郭保卫, 朱大伟, 许轲, 张洪程, 周兴涛, 朱聪聪, 曹利强, 陈厚存, 陈京都, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 魏海燕, 李明银. 有序摆抛栽对超级稻植株抗倒伏能力的影响. 中国水稻科学, 2015, 29: 45-55

Guo B

, Zhu D

, Xu

, Zhang H

, Zhou X

, Zhu C

, Cao L

, Chen H

, Chen J

, Dai Q

, Huo Z

, Wei H

, Li M

Effect of ordered transplanting and optimized broadcasting on the culm lodging resistance of super rice.

Chin J Rice Sci, 2015, 29: 45-55 (in Chinese with English abstract)

The lodging resistance of rice under ordered transplanting (OT), optimized broadcasting (OB) and cast transplanting (CT) was compared with that under mechanical transplanting (MT) based on culm breaking resistance, culm diameter, internodes length, culm wall thickness, dry weight, etc by using super rice wuyunjing 24 and nanjing 44. The results are as follows: 1) The lodging resistance significantly differed under different transplanting patterns. The breaking force (BF), bending moment (BM) and lodging resistance among different transplanting treatments were OT>OB>CT, MT. There were no significant differences in lodging index(LI) of the 1st basal internodes for 3hole, 2hole and singlehole seedlings while the lodging resistance of 2hole and 3hole rice was higher than that of singlehole rice for the 2nd, 3rd, 4th basal internodes. 2) Ordered transplanting and optimized broadcasting resulted in slightly lower ratio of gravity center height to plant height, heavier dry weight of leaf and sheath and single panicle weight, especially for 2hole and 3hole cultivated rice. And culm diameter, culm wall thickness, dry weight of culm, dry weight per unit internode under different transplanting treatments followed a trend of OB>OT>CT and 2hole>3hole>singlehole. While internode length of the basal 2nd, 3rd, 4th internodes showed a trend of OB

以粳型超级稻武运粳24和南粳44为试材，设置摆栽、点抛和撒抛三种抛栽方式，并以机插为对照，从茎秆抗折力、茎秆壁厚、节间长度、粗度、干质量等方面系统研究了有序摆抛稻的茎秆特性及其抗倒伏能力，结果如下：1）超级稻不同抛栽方式间抗倒伏能力差异显著，茎秆倒伏指数不同抛栽方式间表现为摆栽点抛>撒抛、机插。就各抛栽方式下不同连孔处理而言，基部N1节间倒伏指数差异不显著，N2、N3、N4抗倒伏能力表现为2连孔、3连孔>单孔。2）有序摆抛栽水稻相对重心高度稍低，成熟期茎鞘干物质量大，单穗干质量大，尤其2连孔和3连孔植株优势明显。不同抛栽方式间基部节间粗度、壁厚、节间质量和单位干质量表现为摆栽>点抛>撒抛，不同连孔处理间为2连孔>3连孔>单孔。除基部第1节间外，节间长度在抛栽方式间表现为摆栽>点抛>撒抛的趋势，不同连孔节间表现为2连孔、3连孔<单孔的趋势。2连孔、3连孔钵苗有序摆抛在高产条件下稻株茎秆粗壮，节间短粗，节间壁厚，茎秆单位节间重，基部节间抗折力大，抗倒伏能力强，是一种利于提高水稻抗倒能力的新型水稻轻简高产栽培方式。

... 一般而言, 水稻单茎茎鞘重在花后20~25 d最低, 因此, 水稻倒伏相关指标的测定也多在此时期进行^[27,28,29] ...