籼粳交超级稻甬优538花后氮素积累模型与特征分析

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韦还和, 孟天瑶, 李超, 张洪程, 史天宇, 马荣荣, 王晓燕, 杨筠文, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲, 魏海燕, 郭保卫. . 籼粳交超级稻甬优538花后氮素积累模型与特征分析. 作物学报, 2016, 42(4): 540-550
WEI Huan-He, MENG Tian-Yao, LI Chao, ZHANG Hong-Cheng, SHI Tian-Yu, MA Rong-Rong, WANG Xiao-Yan, YANG Jun-Wen, DAI Qi-Gen, HUO Zhong-Yang, XU Ke, WEI Hai-Yan, GUO Bao-Wei. . Dynamic Model and Its Characteristics Analysis for Nitrogen Accumulation after Heading in Yongyou 538. ACTA AGRONOMICA SINICA, 2016, 42(4): 540-550 复制到剪切板

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籼粳交超级稻甬优538花后氮素积累模型与特征分析

韦还和¹, 孟天瑶¹, 李超¹, 张洪程^1,^*, 史天宇¹, 马荣荣², 王晓燕³, 杨筠文⁴, 戴其根^1,^*, 霍中洋¹, 许轲¹, 魏海燕¹, 郭保卫¹

¹扬州大学农业部长江流域稻作技术创新中心 / 江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室, 江苏扬州 225009

²浙江省宁波市农业科学院作物研究所, 浙江宁波 315101

³浙江省宁波市种子公司, 浙江宁波 315101

⁴浙江省宁波市鄞州区农业技术服务站, 浙江宁波 315100

^*通讯作者(Corresponding authors): 张洪程, E-mail: hczhang@yzu.edu.cn; 戴其根, E-mail: qgdai@yzu.edu.cn

第一作者联系方式: E-mail: 920964110@qq.com

收稿日期:2015-10-25 接受日期:2016-01-11 网络出版日期:2016-01-25

基金:本研究由农业部超级稻专项(02318802013231), 国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303102), 宁波市重大科技项目(2013C11001), 江苏省重点研发项目(BE2015340)和扬州大学研究生创新培养计划项目(KYLX15_1371), 扬州大学科技创新培育基金(2015CXJ042)和基于模型与GIS的高邮市小麦精确管理和诊断调控技术的开发与示范推广(SXGC[2013]248)资助

摘要

以甬优籼粳交超级稻甬优538为试材, 常规粳稻镇稻18和杂交籼稻中浙优1号为对照, 研究甬优籼粳杂交稻花后氮素积累特征以及比较不同类型品种花后氮素积累特征差异。结果表明: (1)两年中, 甬优538平均产量为12.5 t hm^-2, 显著高于对照。抽穗期、成熟期及抽穗-成熟期氮素积累量均呈甬优538>镇稻18>中浙优1号。百千克籽粒吸氮量以镇稻18最高, 甬优538最低; 氮肥偏生产力则以甬优538最高, 镇稻18最低。甬优538花后茎鞘氮素转运量和转运率、穗部氮素积累量显著高于对照。(2)镇稻18和甬优538花后各时期氮素积累量均高于中浙优1号, 且各品种花后氮素积累量与花后天数均以Richards方程拟合效果较好( R²均大于0.995)。分析特征参数, 花后最大氮素积累速率、花后平均氮素积累速率及花后到达最大氮素积累速率的时间均呈镇稻18>中浙优1号>甬优538, 花后氮素有效吸收时间则呈甬优538>镇稻18>中浙优1号。花后氮素积累渐增期、缓增期的持续天数、积累速率和积累量以镇稻18最高、甬优538最低, 快增期的持续天数和积累量以甬优538显著高于对照。本研究结果表明, 甬优538花后较强的氮素积累优势集中在快增期, 此期氮素积累量占其花后氮素积累总量的86.1% (两年平均值)。且甬优538在花后快增期较强的氮素积累能力主要在于其较长的快增期持续天数。

关键词: 籼粳交超级稻; 品种类型; 花后氮素积累

Dynamic Model and Its Characteristics Analysis for Nitrogen Accumulation after Heading in Yongyou 538

WEI Huan-He¹, MENG Tian-Yao¹, LI Chao¹, ZHANG Hong-Cheng^1,^*, SHI Tian-Yu¹, MA Rong-Rong², WANG Xiao-Yan³, YANG Jun-Wen⁴, DAI Qi-Gen^1,^*, HUO Zhong-Yang¹, XU Ke¹, WEI Hai-Yan¹, GUO Bao-Wei¹

¹ Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation Technology in Yangtze River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture / Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China

² Crop Research Institute, Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo 315101, China

³Ningbo Seed Company of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo 315101, China

⁴Agricultural Technology Extension and Service of Yinzhou District, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, Ningbo 315100, China

Fund:This study was supported by the Special Program of Super Rice of the Ministry of Agricultural (02318802013231), China Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest (201303102), the Major Technology Project of Ningbo City (2013C11001), the Key Projects of Jiangsu Province (BE2015340), and Innovative Program for Graduate Students of Yangzhou University (KYLX15_1371), Science and Technology Innovation Fund of Yangzhou University (2015CXJ042), and Precise Diagnosis and Management of Control Technology Based on Modelling and GIS of Gaoyou City (SXGC[2013]248)

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted using indica/japonica hybrid super rice Yongyou 538 as the material, conventional japonica rice Zhendao 18 and hybrid indica rice Zhongzheyou 1 as the check to study the characteristics of nitrogen accumulation after heading and compare the differences in characteristics of nitrogen accumulation after heading in different types of rice variety. Results followed that, on an average across two years, grain yield of Yongyou 538 was 12.5 t ha^-1, significantly higher than that of check varieties. Nitrogen accumulation at heading, at maturity, and from heading to maturity showed a trend of Yongyou 538 > Zhendao 18 > Zhongzheyou 1. Nitrogen absorption of 100 kg seeds of Zhendao 18 was the highest, followed by Zhongzheyou 1, and Yongyou 538, while opposite trends was observed for N partial factor productivity. Compared with the check, nitrogen output from stem and nitrogen increase in panicle of Yongyou 538 were consistently higher. Nitrogen accumulation in Yongyou 538 and Zhendao 18 was both higher than that of Zhongzheyou 1 after heading, and Richards' equation was fit to simulate the relationship between nitrogen accumulation and days after heading for three types of rice variety ( R²≥ 0.995). Maximum rate of nitrogen accumulation, mean rate of nitrogen accumulation, and days to maximum rate of nitrogen accumulation after heading in Zhendao 18 were the highest, while those in Yongyou 538 were the lowest. Effective nitrogen accumulation duration showed a trend of Yongyou 538 > Zhendao 18 > Zhongzheyou 1. Duration days, nitrogen accumulation rate, and nitrogen accumulation in early and late stage of Zhendao 18 were the highest, while those of Yongyou 538 were the lowest. Duration days and nitrogen accumulation in middle stage of Yongyou 538 was consistently higher compared with the check. Our results indicated that greater nitrogen uptake of Yongyou 538 was mainly occurred in the middle stage, which was 86.1% of the nitrogen accumulation from heading to maturity. And higher nitrogen uptake in middle stage after heading of Yongyou 538 was mainly attributed to the longer duration days in this stage.

Keyword: Indica/ japonica hybrid super rice of Yongyou series; Different rice type of cultivars; Nitrogen accumulation after heading

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水稻花后氮素积累水平是影响花后光合物质积累与分配、调节籽粒蛋白质及组分含量、影响加工和食味品质的重要因素。因此, 定量分析水稻花后氮素积累的动态变化是揭示作物产量形成机理和稻米品质研究中的重要内容^{[1, 2, 3]}。当前就禾谷类作物氮素积累动态已有相关报道, 但大都侧重于全生育期, 如水稻方面, 孙成明等^[4]报道了武香粳14在FACE处理下的氮素动态变化, 纪洪亭等^[5]研究了超级杂交稻养分积累动态模型及相关特征。小麦方面, 丁锦峰等^[6]研究了长江中下游稻茬小麦超高产群体氮素积累、分配与利用特征, 党红凯等^[7]分析了超高产冬小麦对氮素的吸收、积累等方面特征。此外, 王宜伦等^[8]、景立权等^[9]也就超高产玉米群体氮素积累与分配进行了相关研究。与大面积种植的常规粳稻和杂交籼稻相比, 甬优系列籼粳杂交稻已在生产上表现出较明显的产量优势^{[10, 11]}。当前就甬优系列籼粳杂交稻的研究多集中在产量优势形成机制方面, 如分析产量构成因素、光合物质生产、茎秆特性、根系形态生理等^{[12, 13, 14, 15, 16]}。就甬优系列籼粳杂交稻氮磷钾养分积累、吸收等的报道较少, 且与常规粳稻和杂交籼稻相比, 甬优系列籼粳杂交稻在花后氮素积累动态及特征上的差异分析迄今尚缺乏报道。本研究采用作物生长模型对不同类型水稻品种氮素积累与花后天数的关系进行曲线估计, 利用推导出的特征参数定量分析不同类型品种花后氮素积累特征及其差异, 以期为甬优系列籼粳杂交稻花后氮素积累动态和管理决策提供量化工具和实践依据。

1 材料与方法

1.1 试验材料与栽培管理概况

以甬优籼粳交品种甬优538为试材、常规粳稻镇稻18和杂交籼稻中浙优1号为对照。2012— 2013年参试品种的主要生育期见表1。

表1 主要生育期以及生育阶段天数 Table 1 Duration of growing stages of the tested varieties

试验于2012— 2013年在浙江省宁波市鄞州区洞桥镇百梁桥村进行。土壤类型为黄化青紫泥田, pH 5.51、含有机质38.37 g kg^-1、全氮0.16%、碱解氮82.45 mg kg^-1、速效磷20.14 mg kg^-1、速效钾78.45 mg kg^-1、水溶性盐总量0.13 g kg^-1。两年中参试品种水稻生长期间的月平均温度、日照时数、降雨量见表2。

表2 2012-2013年水稻生长期间的月平均温度、日照时数和降雨量 Table 2 Mean temperature, sunshine hours, and rainfall during rice growing seasons in 2012-2013

试验采取完全随机区组设计, 小区面积20 m², 3次重复。小区间作埂隔离, 并用塑料薄膜覆盖埂体, 保证单独排灌。毯苗育秧, 秧龄20 d, 栽插株行距为30.0 cm × 13.2 cm。对籼粳杂交稻甬优538、杂交籼稻中浙优1号每穴2苗栽插, 常规粳稻镇稻18每穴4苗栽插。对甬优538和镇稻18施纯氮270 kg hm^-2, 中浙优1号施纯氮 225 kg hm^-2, 氮肥按基蘖肥∶ 穗粒肥=6∶ 4施用。各小区磷、钾肥施用量一致, 即施过磷酸钙(含12% P₂O₅) 1150 kg hm^-2, 全部基施。氯化钾(含60% K₂O) 450 kg hm^-2, 按基蘖肥∶ 穗粒肥= 4∶ 6施用。移栽后采用湿润灌溉为主, 建立浅水层; 群体达到目标穗数的80%时搁田, 控制无效分蘖发生; 抽穗扬花期田间保持3 cm水层, 灌浆结实期间歇灌溉, 干湿交替, 收割前7 d断水搁田。按常规高产栽培要求防治病虫害。

1.2 测定项目与方法

1.2.1 花后氮素积累动态

甬优538于花后0 d (抽穗期)田取样, 此后每隔5 d取一次样, 直至花后第65天。镇稻18于花后0 d (抽穗期)田取样, 此后每隔5 d取一次样, 直至花后50 d。中浙优1号于花后0 d (抽穗期)田取样, 此后每隔5 d取一次样, 直至花后45 d。每次取样均按各小区的平均茎蘖数取5穴植株, 样品分成叶、茎鞘、穗3个部分, 105℃杀青30 min, 75℃烘干至恒重后, 测定干物质量。称重后样品用万能粉碎机粉碎, 过80目筛后采用半微量凯氏定氮法测定氮素含量。

1.2.2 计算方法与数据处理

籽粒生产率(kg grain kg^-1) = 籽粒产量/成熟期植株氮素吸收量

氮肥偏生产力(kg kg^-1) = 施氮区产量/小区施氮量

氮素转运量(kg hm^-2) = 抽穗期茎鞘、叶氮素积累量-成熟期茎鞘、叶氮素积累量

氮素转运率(%) = 单位面积植株成熟期叶、茎鞘氮素的表观转运量/抽穗期叶、茎鞘氮素积累量× 100

氮素转运贡献率(%) = 氮素转运量/抽穗至成熟期穗部氮素积累量× 100

本文以Curve Expert 1.3软件对各品种花后天数(抽穗当天为0)和群体氮素积累量之间的关系进行拟合, 发现用Richards方程拟合的效果较好(R²均大于0.995)。Richards方程 , 式中, W为花后各期群体氮素积累量(kg hm^-2), A为终极群体氮素积累量(kg hm^-2), t为开花后天数(d), B、N、K为方程参数。参照朱庆森等^[17]的方法, 求出以下参数。

花后最大氮素积累速率(kg hm^-2 d^-1) =

花后平均氮素积累速率(kg hm^-2 d^-1) =

到达花后最大氮素积累速率的时间

(d) =

花后氮素积累阶段的渐增期(0-t₁)、快增期(t₁-t₂)和缓增期(t₂-t₃)计算公式如下:

t₁ (d) =

t₂(d) =

t₃ (d) =

渐增期平均氮素积累速率=

快增期平均氮素积累速率=

缓增期平均氮素积累速率(kg hm^-2 d^-1)=

1.3 数据处理

运用Microsoft Excel软件录入数据、计算, 用DPS软件作统计分析。

2 结果与分析

2.1 产量及花后氮素吸收量

两年中, 甬优538平均产量为12.5 t hm^-2, 显著高于镇稻18和中浙优1号。抽穗期氮素积累量呈甬优538> 镇稻18> 中浙优1号, 成熟期和抽穗-成熟期氮素积累量也呈类似趋势。分析氮素利用指标, 两年中甬优538籽粒生产率为63.7 kg grain kg^-1, 显著高于镇稻18 (55.3 kg grain kg^-1)和中浙优1号(59.8 kg grain kg^-1); 氮肥偏生产力以甬优538最高, 镇稻18最低(表3)。

表3 产量及花后氮素吸收量 Table 3 Grain yield and nitrogen uptake after heading in the varieties

In each year, values followed by different letters are significantly different at the 5% probability level.

抽穗至成熟期阶段, 叶片氮素转运量和转运率以镇稻18最高、中浙优1号最低; 茎鞘氮素转运量和转运率以甬优538最高、镇稻18最低; 两年中甬优538穗部氮素养分增加量为79.8 kg hm^-2, 显著高于镇稻18 (75.4 kg hm^-2)和中浙优1号(64.4 kg hm^-2); 花后氮素转运贡献率以甬优538和镇稻18显著高于中浙优1号(表4)。

2.2 花后氮素积累动态

甬优538、镇稻18和中浙优1号花后氮素积累均大致呈慢-快-慢的趋势。镇稻18和甬优538花后各时期氮素积累量均高于中浙优1号(图1)。各品种花后氮素积累速率均呈先缓慢上升后下降趋势。在到达花后最大氮素积累速率前, 甬优538氮素积累速率低于镇稻18和中浙优1号。与镇稻18和中浙优1号相比, 甬优538最大氮素积累速率值在到达花后呈较平缓下降趋势(图2)。

表4 抽穗至成熟期叶片、茎鞘氮素的转运 Table 4 Nitrogen transferred from leaf, stem and sheath from heading to maturity

	Figure Option View Download New Window
	图1 各品种花后氮素积累量动态Fig. 1 Dynamics in nitrogen uptake after heading in the tested varieties

	Figure Option View Download New Window
	图2 各品种花后氮素积累速率动态Fig. 2 Dynamics in nitrogen uptake rate after heading in the tested varieties

2.3 花后氮素积累拟合方程及氮素吸收参数

利用Curve Expert 1.3 软件对各品种花后天数(抽穗当天为0)和群体氮素积累量之间的关系进行拟合, 发现用Richards方程拟合的效果较好(R²均大于0.995), 具体方程见表5。分析方程参数, 两年中镇稻18花后最大氮素积累速率和花后平均氮素积累速率分别为0.7473、0.3841 kg hm^-2 d^-1, 显著高于中浙优1号(0.6834、0.3534 kg hm^-2 d^-1)和甬优538 (0.6052、0.3186 kg hm^-2 d^-1); 花后达到最大氮素吸收速率的时间亦以镇稻18最高、甬优538最低; 花后氮素有效吸收时间呈甬优538 (48.3 d)> 镇稻18 (39.3 d)> 中浙优1号(39.9 d)(表6)。

分析花后氮素积累的渐增、快增、缓增期特征(表7)。花后氮素积累渐增期和缓增期的平均积累速率和阶段天数呈镇稻18> 中浙优1号> 甬优538; 花后渐增期和缓增期的氮素积累量亦以镇稻18> 中浙优1号> 甬优538。甬优538花后快增期氮素积累量为22.59 kg hm^-2, 显著高于镇稻18 (10.72 kg hm^-2)和中浙优1号(12.20 kg hm^-2); 甬优538花后快增期天数为40.4 d, 显著高于对照。

表5 各品种花后氮素积累的拟合方程 Table 5 Simulation equations of nitrogen uptake after heading in the tested varieties

表6 各品种花后氮素积累参数 Table 6 Parameters of nitrogen uptake after heading among the tested varieties

表7 各品种花后氮素积累渐增、快增、缓增期3个阶段的特征 Table 7 Characteristics of nitrogen uptake in the early, middle and late stage after heading among the tested varieties

3 讨论

3.1 不同类型水稻品种氮素利用效率

当前, 在提高水稻产量的同时, 如何协同提高氮肥利用效率是水稻研究和生产中面临的一大难题, 高产氮高效品种的选育也一直是育种和栽培领域关注的热点^{[18, 19]}。水稻氮素利用参数包括氮肥吸收利用率、氮肥生理利用率、籽粒生产率、百千克籽粒吸氮量、氮肥偏生产力、农学利用率等^[20]。目前, 就不同基因型水稻品种氮素利用效率差异已有较多研究^{[20, 21, 22, 23]}。龚金龙等^[21]研究表明, 粳稻氮素生理利用率、氮素吸收利用率和农学利用率高于籼稻, 干物质生产效率和氮肥偏生产力则显著低于籼稻。孟天瑶等^[22]研究表明, 甬优籼粳杂交稻氮肥偏生产力显著高于常规粳稻、杂交籼稻和杂交粳稻。Koutroubas等^[23]研究地中海地区种植的粳稻和籼稻的产量和氮素利用率表明, 籼稻品种籽粒生产率高于粳稻品种, 这主要是由于其较高的氮收获指数。本试验因未设置氮素空白对照处理, 因此选择籽粒生产率和氮肥

偏生产力分析不同基因型品种氮素利用效率差异, 结果表明, 两年中甬优538平均产量为12.5 t hm^-2, 显著高于镇稻18 (10.6 t hm^-2)和中浙优1号(10.3 t hm^-2)。籽粒生产率和氮肥偏生产力以甬优538最高, 镇稻18最低。该结果说明, 甬优538较好地协同提高了籽粒产量和氮肥利用效率。此外, 常规粳稻镇稻18籽粒生产率和氮肥偏生产力低于杂交籼稻中浙优1号。

3.2 不同类型水稻品种花后氮素转运特征

不同基因型水稻花后氮素转移特征存在明显差异。赵敏等^[24]研究表明, 中籼中熟杂交稻较中籼迟熟杂交稻和粳稻具有较高的氮素积累、转运和利用效率。霍中洋等^[25]研究表明, 与产量较低群体相比, 产量较高群体具有花后茎鞘氮素转运量和转运率适中、以及较高的叶片氮素转运量、转运率和穗部氮素积累量。龚金龙等^[21]研究表明, 粳稻花后叶片氮素转运量低于籼稻, 茎鞘氮素转运量则显著高于籼稻。董桂春等^[26]研究表明, 氮素籽粒生产效率较高的品种具有灌浆结实期叶、茎鞘氮素转运量大、运转率高等特点。李敏等^[27]研究发现, 较中等生产力类型, 高生产力品种花后茎叶氮素转运量和转运率均较高。本试验条件下, 产量较高的甬优538花后穗部氮素积累量、氮素转运贡献率均显著高于对照, 茎鞘氮素转运量和转运率亦高于对照, 叶片氮素转运量和转运率则介于镇稻18和中浙优1号之间。该结果表明, 与对照相比, 甬优538具有花后叶片、茎鞘氮素转运量大、转运率较高的特点。

3.3 不同类型水稻品种花后氮素积累模型及其特征

养分积累模拟模型是作物生长模拟系统的重要组成部分。纪洪亭等^[5]采用Gompertz模型拟合了超级杂交稻干物质和养分积累动态。赵敏等^[24]研究表明育插秧机械化条件下水稻植株氮素积累符合Logistic曲线增长规律。且近几年对玉米和棉花等作物氮素吸收动态都直接采用Logistic模型进行拟合^{[28, 29]}。杨京平等^[30]借助水稻生长模型Oryza-0较好地模拟了水稻氮吸收和积累动态。本试验条件下, 籼粳杂交稻甬优538、常规粳稻镇稻18、杂交籼稻中浙优1号花后氮素积累均以Richards模型拟合效果最好(R²均大于0.995), 且Richards模型在水稻籽粒灌浆拟合^{[17, 31]}、干物质积累动态^[32]等方面都有较好的应用。

此前, 基于作物生长模型对作物养分吸收积累特征的描述多侧重于全生育期, 而对花后养分吸收积累特征的研究较少。丁锦峰等^[33]利用Richards模型拟合了小麦全生育期积累动态。郭文琦等^[34]采用Logistic模型拟合了棉花花后氮、磷、钾积累动态。在水稻方面, 纪洪亭等^[5]研究表明, 超级杂交稻氮积累的最大速率出现在孕穗前10 d, 氮积累的快增期出现在拔节前12 d至抽穗期, 此期氮素积累量占氮积累总量的65.6%。章明清等^[35]报道了杂交籼稻根系吸收氮、磷、钾的动态模拟模型, 结果表明, 水稻根系吸收氮、磷、钾的积累吸收量在整个生育期呈“ S” 型特征, 在生育前期随生育进程迅速提高并达最大值, 随后按指数规律下降, 且根系对氮、磷、钾的吸收速率基本同步。陈洁等^[36]以两优培九、武育粳3号和武香粳14为试材, 研究水稻植株氮素吸收特征表明, 花前叶片和茎中的相对氮含量随播后生长度日线性增加; 花后叶片和茎中的相对氮含量随花后生长度日线性递减; 花后吸收的氮素随籽粒重的增加对数递增。本研究表明, 甬优538抽穗至成熟期氮素积累量为28.1 kg hm^-2, 显著高于镇稻18(26.7 kg hm^-2)和中浙优1号(24.3 kg hm^-2)。花后最大氮素积累速率和花后平均氮素积累速率均以镇稻18最高、甬优538最低。甬优538、镇稻18和中浙优1号分别在花后27.6、30.8和28.8 d达到最大氮素吸收速率。花后氮素有效吸收时间呈甬优538 (48.3 d) > 镇稻18 (39.3 d) > 中浙优1号(39.9 d)。该结果表明, 甬优538花后较强的氮素积累量主要是由于其较长的花后氮素有效吸收天数, 而非花后氮素吸收速率。

纪洪亭等^[5]研究表明, 超级杂交籼稻氮积累的快增期出现在拔节前12 d至抽穗期, 此期氮素积累量占氮积累总量的65.6%, 提出超级杂交籼稻养分积累的优势在于快增期持续天数长、中后期养分积累速率较快。章明清等^[35]研究表明, 早稻和晚稻在栽后50~60 d根系氮、磷、钾养分吸收能力达到峰值, 且早稻和晚稻根系最大养分吸收量的时间均出现在生育后期。本试验条件下, 花后渐增期和缓增期的氮素积累量以镇稻18最高、甬优538最低; 甬优538花后快增期氮素积累量为22.59 kg hm^-2, 显著高于镇稻18 (10.72 kg hm^-2)和中浙优1号(12.20 kg hm^-2), 此期氮素积累量占其花后氮素积累总量的86.1% (两年平均值); 此外, 甬优538花后快增期天数为40.4 d, 显著高于对照; 而花后快增期阶段的平均氮素积累速率则显著低于对照。该结果说明, 甬优538花后氮素积累优势集中在快增期, 且甬优538在花后快增期较强的氮素积累能力主要在于其较长的快增期持续天数。

4 结论

以Richards模型拟合花后氮素积累动态效果最好。甬优538花后氮素积累量显著高于对照, 其花后较强的氮素积累优势主要集中在快增期, 且快增期较强的氮素积累能力主要在于其较长的快增期持续天数。

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

作者已声明无竞争性利益关系。

参考文献

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[26]	董桂春, 于小凤, 董燕萍, 李进前, 田昊, 周娟, 王云霞, 杨连新, 黄建晔, 王余龙. 不同库容量类型常规籼稻品种氮素吸收与分配的差异. 中国农业科学, 2009, 42: 3432-3441 Dong G C, Yu X F, Dong Y P, Li J Q, Tian H, Zhou J, Wang Y X, Yang L X, Huang J Y, Wang Y L. A difference in nitrogen uptake and distribution in conventional indica rice cultivars with different sink-potentials. Sci Agric Sin, 2009, 42: 3432-3441 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1]
[27]	李敏, 张洪程, 马群, 杨雄, 李国业, 魏海燕, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲. 不同氮肥群体最高生产力类型粳稻品种的氮素吸收利用特性. 中国水稻科学, 2012, 26: 197-204 Li M, Zhang H C, Ma Q, Yang X, Li G Y, Wei H Y, Dai Q G, Huo Z Y, Xu K. Nitrogen absorption and utilization characteristics of japonica rice cultivars with different productivities at their optimum nitrogen levels. Chin J Rice Sci, 2012, 26: 197-204 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1]
[28]	王克如, 李少昆, 曹连莆. 新疆高产棉田氮磷钾吸收动态及模式初步研究. 中国农业科学, 2003, 36: 775-780 Wang K R, Li S K, Cao L P. A preliminary study on dynamics and models of N, P, K absorption in high yield cotton in Xinjiang. Sci Agric Sin, 2003, 36: 775-780 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1]
[29]	宋海星, 李生秀. 玉米生长量、养分吸收量及氮肥利用率的动态变化. 中国农业科学, 2003, 36: 71-76 Song H X, Li S X. Dynamics of nutrient accumulation in maize plants under different water and N supply conditions. Sci Agric Sin, 2003, 36: 71-76 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1]
[30]	杨京平, 姜宁, 陈杰. 水稻吸氮量和干物质积累的模拟试验研究. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2002, 8: 318-324 Yang J P, Jiang N, Chen J. The validation of modeling effects of different nitrogen levels on the leaf nitrogen and yield dynamic of rice. Plant Nutr Fert Sci, 2002, 8: 318-324 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1]
[31]	龚金龙, 邢志鹏, 胡雅杰, 张洪程, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲, 魏海燕, 高辉. 籼、粳超级稻产量构成特征的差异研究. 核农学报, 2014, 28: 500-511 Gong J L, Xing Z P, Hu Y J, Zhang H C, Dai Q G, Huo Z Y, Xu K, Wei H Y, Gao H. Studies on the difference of yield components characteristics between indica and japonica super rice. J Nucl Agric Sci, 2014, 28: 500-511 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1]
[32]	李艳大, 汤亮, 陈青春, 张玉屏, 曹卫星, 朱艳. 水稻地上部干物质积累动态的定量模拟. 水稻地上部干物质积累动态的定量模拟. 应用生态学报, 2010, 21: 1504-1510 Li Y D, Tang L, Chen Q C, Zhang Y P, Cao W X, Zhu Y. Dry matter accumulation in rice aboveground part quantitative simulation. Chin J Appl Ecol, 2010, 21: 1504-1510 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1]
[33]	丁锦峰, 杨佳凤, 訾妍, 封超年, 朱新开, 李春艳, 彭永欣, 郭文善. 长江中下游稻茬小麦超高产群体磷素积累、分配与利用特性. 麦类作物学报, 2013, 33: 129-136 Ding J F, Yang J F, Zi Y, Feng C N, Zhu X K, Li C Y, Peng Y X, Guo W S. Accumulation, distribution and utilization characteristics of phosphorus in super-high yield wheat population under rice stubble in middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. J Triticeae Crops, 2013, 33: 129-136 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1]
[34]	郭文琦, 张思平, 陈兵林, 周治国. 水氮运筹对棉花花后生物量和氮素利用率的影响. 西北植物学报, 2008, 28: 2270-2277 Guo W Q, Zhang S P, Chen B L, Zhou Z G. Effects of different water and nitrogen application on biomass and nutrients accumulation and nitrogen fertilization recovery rate of cotton after anthesis. Acta Bot Boreali-Occident Sin, 2008, 28: 2270-2277 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1]
[35]	章明清, 李娟, 孔庆波, 姚宝全, 颜明娟, 林琼. 水稻根长增长和养分吸收动态及其模拟模型. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2011, 17: 554-562 Zhang M Q, Li J, Kong Q B, Yao B Q, Yan M J, Lin Q. Dynamics of rice root length and nutrient uptake and their simulation models. Plant Nutr Fert Sci, 2011, 17: 554-562 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:2]
[36]	陈洁, 汤亮, 刘小军, 曹卫星, 朱艳. 水稻植株氮素吸收与籽粒蛋白质积累模型. 中国农业科学, 2011, 44: 1997-2004 Chen J, Tang L, Liu X J, Cao W X, Zhu Y. Modeling plant nitrogen uptake and grain protein accumulation in rice. Sci Agric Sin, 2011, 44: 1997-2004 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1]

2011

0.0

陈洁, 汤亮, 刘小军, 曹卫星, 朱艳. 水稻植株氮素吸收与籽粒蛋白质积累模型. 中国农业科学, 2011, 44: 1997-2004

Chen

, Tang

, Liu X

, Cao W

, Zhu

Modeling plant nitrogen uptake and grain protein accumulation in rice.

Sci Agric Sin, 2011, 44: 1997-2004 (in Chinese with English abstract)

【Objective】Grain protein content is an important quality index in rice. The objective of this study was to develop a process based simulation model for predicting the content and accumulation of grain protein under different cultural conditions. 【Method】On the basis of the field experiments involving different eco-sites, cultivar types and nitrogen rates, the fundamental relationships between grain protein accumulation and environmental and genetic factors were quantified by modeling the processes of nitrogen assimilation and partitioning within plant. 【Result】The model proposed that the rate of individual grain nitrogen accumulation was determined by the nitrogen availability restricted by source and nitrogen accumulation rate restricted by sink. Nitrogen availability of individual grain restricted by source was the sum of nitrogen uptake and remobilization from the vegetative organs post-anthesis, whereas nitrogen accumulation rate restricted by sink was dependent on potential nitrogen accumulation rate and interactive effects of temperature, water and nitrogen factors. Post-anthesis nitrogen uptake exhibited a logarithmic relationship to increasing grain weight. Nitrogen remobilization from the vegetative organs was provided from nitrogen accumulated in both leaves and stems. Relative nitrogen contents in leaves and stems pre-anthesis linearly increased with the accumulative growing degree-days after sowing, while those post-anthesis linearly decreased with the growing degree-days. The model was tested using the independent data sets of different years, eco-sites, cultivars, nitrogen rates, and it exhibited a good fit between the simulated and observed values, with the R2 of 0.968, 0.980, 0.974, 0.970 and 0.976, and RMSE of 16.55%, 13.24%, 9.53%, 10.93% and 9.29% for nitrogen uptake amounts of leaf and stem before anthesis, grain nitrogen uptake amount after anthesis, and nitrogen translocation amount of leaf and stem after anthesis, respectively, with the RMSE of 7.82% and R2 of 0.930 for grain protein content, respectively.【Conclusion】The simulation model based on nitrogen assimilation and translocation in rice could give a reliable prediction of plant nitrogen uptake and translocation amounts, and grain protein content and accumulation under different cultural conditions, which would provide a quantitative tool for grain quality prediction.

【目的】建立基于生理生态过程的水稻籽粒蛋白质积累模拟模型。【方法】基于不同地点、品种及施氮水平的田间试验资料，通过解析花前植株氮素吸收与积累、花后氮素吸收与转运的动态特征及定量关系，构建水稻植株氮素吸收与籽粒蛋白质积累的模拟模型。【结果】水稻籽粒中氮素积累速率取决于源限制下的可获取氮源和库限制下的氮素积累速率；源限制下的可获取氮源取决于营养器官向籽粒转运的氮素和花后植株吸收的氮素，库限制下的氮素积累速率由潜在氮素积累速率及温度、水分和氮素因子效应来综合决定。营养器官中的氮素转运又分为叶片和茎中积累氮素的转运；花前叶片和茎中的相对氮含量随播后生长度日线性增加；花后叶片和茎中的相对氮含量随花后生长度日线性递减；花后吸收的氮素随籽粒重的增加对数递增。利用独立的田间试验资料对所建模型进行了检验，结果显示模拟值与观测值之间具有较好的一致性，其中花前叶片与茎秆氮素吸收量、花后籽粒氮素吸收量、花后叶片与茎秆中氮素转运量的决定系数分别为0.968、0.980、0.974、0.970和0.976，根均方差分别为16.55%、13.24%、9.53%、10.93%和9.29%；籽粒蛋白质含量的决定系数分别为0.930，根均方差分别为7.82%。【结论】模型对不同栽培条件下水稻植株氮素吸收与转运以及籽粒蛋白质积累具有较好的预测性，为水稻生产中籽粒蛋白质指标的动态预测提供了量化工具。

... 因此, 定量分析水稻花后氮素积累的动态变化是揭示作物产量形成机理和稻米品质研究中的重要内容^[1,2,3] ...

2010

0.0

... 因此, 定量分析水稻花后氮素积累的动态变化是揭示作物产量形成机理和稻米品质研究中的重要内容^[1,2,3] ...

2010

0.0

... 因此, 定量分析水稻花后氮素积累的动态变化是揭示作物产量形成机理和稻米品质研究中的重要内容^[1,2,3] ...

2006

0.0

孙成明, 庄恒扬, 杨连新, 杨洪建, 黄建晔, 董桂春, 朱建国, 王余龙. FACE水稻氮素动态的模拟研究. 农业环境科学学报, 2006, 25: 1408-1412

Sun C

, Zhuang H

, Yang L

, Yang H

, Huang J

, Dong G

, Zhu J

, Wang Y

Simulation on nitrogen dynamic in FACE rice.

Agro-Environ Sci, 2006, 25: 1408-1412 (in Chinese)

摘　要：为了明确开放式空气CO2浓度增高（FACE）对水稻氮素动态的影响，借助目前我国惟一的FACE技术平台，以武香粳14为供试品种，设置不同施N量处理，研究了大气CO2浓度比对照高200μmol·mL^-1的FACE处理对水稻N素吸收利用动态的影响。结果表明，FACE处理使水稻各生育期N素累积量增加，而使含N率下降；增施N肥使FACE及CK条件下的N素累积量均有不同程度的增加。在此基础上建立了相应的模拟模型，模型以时间为驱动因子，描述了水稻N素累积量及含N率随移栽天数的动态变化过程，对CO2浓度增加及常规条件下水稻N素的动态变化均有很好的拟合性。通过不同年份试验数据对模型的检验。结果表明模型的预测性能好，具有很好的适用性。

... 当前就禾谷类作物氮素积累动态已有相关报道, 但大都侧重于全生育期, 如水稻方面, 孙成明等^[4]报道了武香粳14在FACE处理下的氮素动态变化, 纪洪亭等^[5]研究了超级杂交稻养分积累动态模型及相关特征 ...

2012

0.0

纪洪亭, 冯跃华, 何腾兵, 潘剑, 范乐乐, 李云, 武彪, 肖铭, 梁显林. 超级杂交稻群体干物质和养分积累动态模型与特征分析. 中国农业科学, 2012, 45: 3709-3720

Ji H

, Feng Y

, He T

, Pan

, Fan L

, Li

, Wu

, Xiao

, Liang X

A dynamic model of dry matter and nutrient accumulation in super hybrid rice and analysis of its characteristics.

Sci Agric Sin, 2012, 45: 3709-3720 (in Chinese with English abstract)

【Objective】 Modeling dynamics of dry matter and nutrient accumulation of super hybrid rice is an important task for further improvement of yield and rational application of fertilizer.【Method】A field experiment with two super hybrid cultivars (Zhunliangyou527, Qyou 6) and CK(Ⅱyou838) was conducted in 2011, and dry matter accumulation (DMA) and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium accumulation（NA, PA, KA）were measured. The dynamic equations of relative dry matter accumulation (DMAR) and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium accumulation （NAR, PAR, KAR） were established with the normalized DMA, normalized NA, PK and KA and normalized growth time, and the dynamic characteristics of DMA and NA, PA, KA changes were analyzed based on the relative equations.【Result】Gompertz simulated better than the other equations for the DMA and nutrient dynamic accumulation characteristics of super hybrid rice. The equations were validated with field experimental data of 2009 and 2011.The NRMSE of DMA simulation were relatively smaller, and R2 values were above 0.9820. The accuracies were about 1, and the NS values were above 0.9530. Validation for the nutrient accumulation equation showed that the model simulated well. The R2, k and NS were all about 1. The analysis of growth characteristics of super hybrid rice showed that the rate of DMA in super hybrid rice was slightly higher than CK at earlier stage and significantly at last stage. The maximum rate of DMA of super hybrid rice was from boot stage to heading stage. The initial of DMA rapid growth stage for super hybrid rice were lower than the CK. The duration of rapid growth period of DMA of super hybrid rice was 71-75 d, which was 16-19 d longer than the CK and the ratio of DMA of rapid growth period in total DMA of super hybrid rice was 4.47%-11.25% higher than that of the CK. The maximum NA rate of super hybrid rice was in 10 d before boot stage. The NA (nitrogen accumulation) rapid growth stage was from 12 d before jointing stage to heading stage, and the NA in rapid growth period was 65.60% of total NA. The maximum PA rate of super hybrid rice was in 8 d before boot stage. The PA（phosphorus accumulation）rapid growth stage was from after jointing stage to 7 d before heading stage, and the PA in rapid growth period was 68.36% of total PA. The maximum KA rate of super hybrid rice was in 3-4 d after jointing stage. The PA(potassium accumulation) rapid growth stage was from 12-16 d after jointing stage to 1-5 d before heading stage, and the KA in rapid growth period was 60.10%-61.71% of total KA. 【Conclusion】The study used the Gompertz equation to simulate the DMA and nutrient dynamic accumulation characteristics of super hybrid rice. The advantage of DMA and nutrient of super hybrid rice were that the duration of rapid growth was longer than that of conventional rice, and the accumulation rate at last stage was faster relatively.

【目的】定量描述超级杂交稻干物质与养分积累的动态变化，为进一步提高超级杂交稻干物质积累的潜力以及肥料的合理施用提供依据。【方法】于2011年在大田条件下，以超级杂交稻准两优527、Q优6号和对照品种Ⅱ优838为供试材料，通过连续测定干物质和氮磷钾含量，并对干物质和氮磷钾积累量及生长时间进行归一化处理，建立超级杂交稻相对干物质和相对氮磷钾积累动态模型，进而分析超级杂交稻干物质和氮磷钾积累的动态特征。【结果】Gompertz方程对超级杂交稻干物质和养分的动态模拟效果较好。利用2009年和2011年试验数据对模型进行验证，干物质积累模型模拟的NRMSE较小，R2值均达到0.9820以上，模拟的准确度（以k表示）约为1，NS均在0.9530以上；对养分积累模型检验表明，模型模拟效果较好，不同模型NRMSE较小，R2和k值以及NS值趋近于1。对超级杂交稻生长特性分析表明，超级杂交稻干物质积累速率在前期略高于对照，后期尤为明显，最大干物质积累速率出现在孕穗至抽穗期；超级杂交稻干物质积累快速增长期持续的时间为71—75 d，比对照持续时间长15—19 d；快速增长期干物质积累量占总积累量的比例，超级杂稻比对照品种高4.47%—11.25%。超级杂交稻氮积累的最大速率出现在孕穗期前10 d；氮积累的快速增长期出现在拔节期前12 d至抽穗期，在快速增长期氮的积累量占氮总积累量的65.60%。超级杂交稻磷积累的最大速率出现在孕穗期前8 d；磷积累的快速增长期出现在拔节期至抽穗期前7 d，在快速增长期的磷积累量占磷总积累量的68.36%；超级杂交稻钾积累的最大速率出现在拔节期后3—4 d；钾积累的快速增长期出现在拔节期前12—16 d至孕穗期前1—5 d，在快速增长期的钾积累量占钾总积累量的60.10%—61.71%。【结论】采用Gompertz模型y=ae-exp(b-cx)模拟了超级杂交稻干物质和养分的积累动态。超级杂交稻干物质和养分的优势在于快速增长期持续时间较长，中后期干物质和养分积累速率较快。

... 纪洪亭等^[5]采用Gompertz模型拟合了超级杂交稻干物质和养分积累动态 ...

... 在水稻方面, 纪洪亭等^[5]研究表明, 超级杂交稻氮积累的最大速率出现在孕穗前10 d, 氮积累的快增期出现在拔节前12 d至抽穗期, 此期氮素积累量占氮积累总量的65 ...

... 纪洪亭等^[5]研究表明, 超级杂交籼稻氮积累的快增期出现在拔节前12 d至抽穗期, 此期氮素积累量占氮积累总量的65 ...

2013

0.0

丁锦峰, 杨佳凤, 王云翠, 陈芳芳, 封超年, 朱新开, 李春燕, 彭永欣, 郭文善. 稻茬小麦公顷产量9000kg群体氮素积累、分配与利用特性. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2013, 19: 543-551

Ding J

, Yang J

, Wang Y

, Chen F

, Feng C

, Zhu X

, Li C

, Peng Y

, Guo W

Nitrogen accumulation, distribution and utilization charactertics of wheat at yield level of 9000 kg/ha in rice-wheat rotation.

J Plant Nutr Fert, 2013, 19: 543-551 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Nitrogen (N) is one of the essential nutrients for wheat production. It is very important to figure out what are the definite characteristics of N accumulation, distribution and utilization in different yield level populations, which is much theoretical and practical meaning to agricultural production. In this study, these characteristics of wheat population at yield level of 9000 kg/ha (LV. 9000) were studied by agronomic management on the mediumgluten wheat, Yangmai 20 ( Triticum aestivum L.), grown in rice-wheat rotation. The field experiments were performed at 32 combinations of two planting densities (150×104 and 225×104/ha) and different N managements, including N amount (210 and 262.5 kg/ha), the ratio of basis∶tillering∶elongation∶late topdressing of N (3∶1∶3∶3 and 5∶1∶2∶2), and N topdressing stage (flag leaves stage, booting stage, heading stage and anthesis). The results show that the LV. 9000 N accumulation amounts (NAA) at stages from the elongation to the anthesis, at the anthesis and at the maturity are 104-117, 197-205 and 234-251 kg/ha, respectively, which are significantly higher than those of other populations. The NAAs in leaves, stems and spikes at the anthesis and in grain at the maturity are respectively significant linear positive correlation with the grain yield, and are 89-91, 74-83, 32-33 and 177-188 kg/ha under the LV. 9000 The N translocation amount (NTA) from vegetative organ at anthesis to grain is significantly linear positive correlation with grain yield. The LV. 9000 NTAs from leaves, stems, and raches and hulls at the thesis to grain are 65-73, 53-54 and 16-20 kg/ha, separately. For the LV. 9000 in ricewheat rotation, the N amount to produce 100 kg of grain, N use efficiency and N harvest index are 2.9-3.0 kg, 32.9-34.5 kg/kg and 0.73-0.77, respectively.

Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Cultivation in Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River of Ministry of Agriculture/ Yangzhou Wheat Research Institute of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China

在稻-麦两熟制条件下，以扬麦20为材料，通过基本苗和氮素运筹（氮肥施用量、施用时期和比例）调控建立不同产量水平群体，研究稻茬小麦籽粒产量高于9000 kg/hm 2 群体的氮素积累、分配与利用特性。结果表明，稻茬小麦籽粒产量 9000 kg/hm 2 以上群体拔节期至开花期、开花期及成熟期氮素积累量分别在N 104~117 kg/hm 2 、 197~205 kg/hm 2 、 234~251 kg/hm 2 ，极显著高于籽粒产量 9000 kg/hm 2 以下群体。稻茬小麦不同群体开花期叶片、茎鞘、穗及成熟期籽粒氮素积累量与籽粒产量均呈极显著线性正相关，氮素积累量分别为N 89~91 kg/hm 2 、 74~83 kg/hm 2 、 32~33 kg/hm 2 、 177~188 kg/hm 2 ，有利于实现籽粒产量9000 kg/hm 2 。花后群体营养器官氮素转运量与籽粒产量均呈极显著线性正相关，叶片、茎鞘及穗轴+颖壳的氮素转运量分别为N 65~73 kg/hm 2 、 53~54 kg/hm 2 、 16~20 kg/hm 2 ，有利于实现籽粒产量9000 kg/hm 2 。稻茬小麦籽粒产量9000 kg/hm 2 以上群体100 kg籽粒吸氮量为N 2.9~3.0 kg，氮素利用效率32.9~34.5 kg/kg，氮收获指数0.73~0.77。

... 小麦方面, 丁锦峰等^[6]研究了长江中下游稻茬小麦超高产群体氮素积累、分配与利用特征, 党红凯等^[7]分析了超高产冬小麦对氮素的吸收、积累等方面特征 ...

2013

0.0

党红凯, 李瑞奇, 李雁鸣, 孙亚辉, 张馨文, 刘梦星. 超高产冬小麦对氮素的吸收、积累和分配. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2013, 19: 1037-1047

Dang H

, Li R

, Li Y

, Sun Y

, Zhang X

, Liu M

Absorption, accumulation and distribution of nitrogen in super- highly yielding winter wheat.

J Plant Nutr Fert, 2013, 19: 1037-1047 (in Chinese with English abstract)

In order to clarify the characteristics of nitrogen nutrition in winter wheat with yields of above 9000 kg/ha, field experiments were conducted in Gaocheng County, Hebei Province during 2004-2006 Eight winter wheat cultivars: Shimai14, Jifeng703, Shimai12 and Shixin828 during 2004-2005, and Temai1, Shimai12, Shixin531 and Shixin828 during 2005-2006, were used for the experiments. Plant samples were collected at 8 growth stages and the nitrogen contents in different parts of wheat were determined. The results showed that the N contents in the tested parts of wheat were in the range of 0.22%-3.35% (dry weight). The highest nitrogen contents and accumulation were occurred in leaf blades during the early growing period and in grains during the mature period. The total amount of accumulated N in whole plants were in the range of 232.48 to 285.18 kg/ha, the amount of N needed for forming 100 kg of grain yield was in the range of 2.63 to 3.13 kg. Before booting stage, more than 50% of the absorbed N was stored in leaf blades, and in maturity stage, more than 80% of the N was stored in grains in all the cultivars. 68.02%-73.31% of the nitrogen in grains at maturity stage came from the redistribution from vegetative organs. From seedling emergence to erecting stage, jointing to booting stage, and anthesis to maturity stage are important for winter wheat to absorb nitrogen. According to the characteristics of nitrogen absorption and accumulation, it is essential for winter wheat to yield 9000 kg/ha in Hebei Plain that the soil total N be higher than 0.75 g/kg, and the total fertilizing N be about 260 kg/ha.

为明确超高产（9000 kg/hm 2 左右）栽培条件下冬小麦的氮素营养特点，于2004~2005年、2005~2006年2个小麦生长季主要生育时期，取样分析小麦各器官氮的含量，总结出超高产冬小麦氮素的吸收、积累和分配特点。结果表明，小麦全生育期各器官的氮含量为0.22%~3.55%（干重）。生育前期叶片中氮的含量和积累量最高，生育后期籽粒中氮的含量和积累量最高。小麦生育期间氮的总积累量为232.48~285.18 kg/hm 2 ，每生产100 kg籽粒吸收氮2.63~3.13 kg。小麦吸收的氮孕穗期前主要分配在叶片中，一般都在50%以上，成熟期氮在籽粒中的分配率最高，各品种均在80%以上。成熟期籽粒中积累的氮68.02%~73.31% 来自营养器官中氮的再分配。出苗到起身期、拔节到孕穗期、开花到成熟期都是小麦氮素吸收的重要阶段。根据小麦的氮素吸收积累特点，河北平原冬小麦实现9000 kg/hm 2 的超高产，需要土壤全氮不低于0.75 g/kg，秸秆全量还田后施N 260 kg/hm 2 左右。

2010

0.0

王宜伦, 李潮海, 谭金芳, 韩燕来, 张许. 超高产夏玉米植株氮素积累特征及一次性施肥效果研究. 中国农业科学, 2010, 43: 3151-3158

Wang Y

, Li C

, Tan J

, Han Y

, Zhang

Studies on plant nitrogen accumulation characteristics and the effect of single application of base fertilizer on super-high-yield summer maize.

Sci Agric Sin, 2010, 43: 3151-3158 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[目的]探讨实现超高产夏玉米(＞12 000 kg·hm-2)简化、高产和高效施肥技术.[方法]2007年和2008年在河南省浚县通过大田试验研究了超高产夏玉米植株氮素吸收、分配和积累特性及具有知识产权的缓/控释氮肥施用效果.[结果]拨节期至大喇叭口期和吐丝期至灌浆中期是超高产夏玉米两个氮素吸收关键时期,从出苗到吐丝期,叶片是氮素的分配中心,吐丝期以后,籽粒/果穗成为氮素的分配中心;吐丝后超高产夏玉米氮素吸收积累量占总积累量的40%-48%,生育后期土壤充足供氮促进夏玉米对氮素的吸收利用保证籽粒灌浆,对实现起高产至关重要.苗期一次性施用缓/控释氮肥的植株氮素积累量比常规2次施氮提高了6%-7%,产量提高了3%-4 %,氮肥利用率提高了5个百分点,氮肥农学效率提高了1.26-1.59 kg·kg-1.[结论]施用缓/控释氮肥有利于超高产夏玉米生育后期氮素吸收利用,实现了超高产夏玉米的一次性施肥,增产显著且省工高效.

... 此外, 王宜伦等^[8]、景立权等^[9]也就超高产玉米群体氮素积累与分配进行了相关研究 ...

2013

0.0

景立权, 赵福成, 王德成, 袁建华, 陆大雷, 陆卫平. 不同施氮水平对超高产夏玉米氮磷钾积累与分配的影响. 作物学报, 2013, 39: 1478-1490

Jing L

, Zhao F

, Wang D

, Yuan J

, Lu D

, Lu W

Effects of nitrogen application on accumulation and distribution of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium of summer maize under super-high yield conditions.

Acta Agron Sin, 2013, 39: 1478-1490 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Establishing a high quality population is an important prerequisite to achieve high grain yield. Nitrogen (N) application is one of the most important practices in maize ( Zea mays L.) production and plays a critical role in regulating population quality. To explore the effects of N application on accumulation and distribution of N, phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) of summer maize under the conditions of super-high yield (≥13 500 kg ha -1 ), we planted two maize cultivars (Suyu 20 and Xundan 20), wtih different N application levels across three years, and the highest grain yield reached to14 753 kg ha -1 . The results showed that in the growth process, N, P, K accumulation increased gradually in the plants and grains of Suyu 20 and Xundan 20, and showed a curvilinear change in leaves, stems and sheatheswith a peak value at trumpeting stage and anthesis stage, respectively. The increasing of N accumulation and transfer rate in leaves at filling stage promoted the N and P accumulation of grain at mature stage, leading to super-high yield groups. In Suyu 20, yield, grain production per kg N, N agronomy efficiency, N utilization efficiency, N, P, K content in leaves, stems and sheathes were the highest at 450 kg ha -1 which were 14 753 kg ha -1 , 44.0 kg, 19.24%, 38.63%, 335.4 kg ha -1 , 178.2 kg ha -1 , 230.7 kg ha -1 , respectively. But N, P, K accumulation and yield decreased when N application level was too high or too low. According to the regression equations between N application rate and yield of two varieties, for Xundan 20 the optimal N amount was 457.0 kg ha -1 , the range of optimum N was 418.5 - 495.4 kg ha -1 , 418.3 - 495.7 kg ha -1 for super-high yield groups; and for Xundan 20, the optimal N was 452.7 kg ha -1 , the range of optimum N was 410.8 - 494.6 kg ha -1

为探明不同施氮水平下玉米超高产 ( ≥ 13 500 kg hm -2 ) 群体氮磷钾积累及分配规律，通过苏玉 20 、浚单 20 两品种 3 年不同氮肥运筹方案的试验，实现了籽粒最高产量 14 753 kg hm -2 的目标。结果表明： (1 ) 随着生育进程，两品种氮磷钾在植株、籽粒中积累逐渐增大，在叶片、茎秆、叶鞘中呈先单峰变化趋势，叶片氮钾峰值在大口期，磷峰值在开花期。增大灌浆期植株氮积累量及叶片氮转移率，促使成熟期籽粒氮磷较大积累量，利于超高产玉米群体的形成。 (2) 籽粒产量、 1 kg 氮生产籽粒量、氮肥的农学效率、氮素利用率、植株 ( 及叶片、茎秆、叶鞘、籽粒等器官 ) 氮磷钾含量在 450 kg hm -2 施氮水平时达到最大值，其值 ( 苏玉 20) 分别为 14 753 kg hm -2 、 44.0 kg 、 19.24% 、 38.63% 、 335.4 kg hm -2 、 178.2 kg hm -2 、 230.7 kg hm -2 ，过高过低施氮均使氮磷钾积累量及产量下降。 (3) 由两品种产量与施氮水平的回归方程，确定了超高产时的最佳施氮量、超高产施氮水平和最佳施氮范围，苏玉 20 分别为 457.0 kg hm -2 、 418.3~495.7 kg hm -2 、 418.5~495.4 kg hm -2 ；浚单 20 分别为 452.7 kg hm -2 ( 最佳施氮量 ) 、 410.8~494.6 kg hm -2 ( 最佳施氮范围 ) 。

... 此外, 王宜伦等^[8]、景立权等^[9]也就超高产玉米群体氮素积累与分配进行了相关研究 ...

2010

0.0

许德海, 王晓燕, 马荣荣, 禹盛苗, 朱练峰, 欧阳由男, 金千瑜. 重穗型籼粳杂交稻甬优6号超高产生理特性. 中国农业科学, 2010, 43: 4796-4804

Xu D

, Wang X

, Ma R

, Yu S

, Zhu L

, Ou-Yang Y N, Jin Q Y. Analysis on physiological properties of the heavy panicle type of indica-japonica inter-subspecific hybrid rice Yongyou 6. Sci Agric Sin, 2010, 43: 4796-4804 (in Chinese with English abstract)

摘　要：【目的】探明籼粳杂交稻甬优6号的重穗、超高产与生理特性的关系。【方法】以重穗型籼粳杂交稻甬优6号、轻穗型常规晚粳稻秀水63和中穗型籼型杂交晚稻汕优63为试验材料,进行组合（品种）间物质生产过程中的＂源、流、库＂等生理特性的对比考查与测定,研究和探讨甬优6号超高产的生理特性。【结果】重穗型籼粳杂交稻甬优6号突出的生理特性是：①＂源足＂,表现为叶面积指数大、叶片功能期较长、叶绿素含量多、叶片光合速率高、比叶重和粒叶比较大;②＂流畅＂,为齐穗期单株茎鞘物质向成熟期的穗部输出量大、输出率和转换率高;③＂库大＂,为单位面积总颖花量和有效颖花量多、库容量大、穗重5g以上;④＂根强＂,为次生根发达、根量大、根活力强、根冠比值高,为地上部生长健壮抗倒、活熟到老并实现超高产提供根本保障。【结论】从重穗型的甬优6号优良生理特性得到启示：为实现籼粳杂交稻的超高产目标,育种者在选择亲本,尤其是筛选F1代时,应着重鉴别亲本、新组合物质生产过程中＂源、流、库＂的协调性,以及根冠比值的适宜大小。

... 与大面积种植的常规粳稻和杂交籼稻相比, 甬优系列籼粳杂交稻已在生产上表现出较明显的产量优势^[10,11] ...

2013

0.0

韦还和, 姜元华, 赵可, 张洪程, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲, 魏海燕, 郑飞. 甬优系列杂交稻品种的超高产群体特征. 作物学报, 2013, 39: 2201-2210

Wei H

, Jiang Y

, Zhao

, Zhang H

, Dai Q

, Huo Z

, Xu

, Wei H

, Zheng

Characteristics of super-high yield population in Yongyou series of hybrid rice.

Acta Agron Sin, 2013, 39: 2201-2210 (in Chinese with English abstract)

A field experiment was conducted using the representative indica-japonica hybrid rice Yongyou 11 , Yongyou 12, Yongyou 13, Yongyou 15, Yongyou 17 to compare between super-high and high yield populations formed by the regulation of cultivation measures. The results showed that the spikelets of the super-high yield population was higher than that of high yield population, with difference very significant, but the seed-setting rate and 1000-grain weight of the super-high yield population were lower than those of high yield population. The average spikeletsper panicle was significantly higher than that of high yield population, meanwhile the number of the primary and secondary branches and total grains were higher than those of high yield population, showing a significant or very significant difference. The dry matter accumulation of the super-high yield population was a little lower than that of the high yield population at the jointing stage, but higher at heading and maturity stages. From the critical leaf-age for productive tillers to jointing stage, the super-high yield population had a steady growth with less ineffective tillers and lower peak number of tillers after jointing stage, the super-high yield population had a steady decline in number of tillers and had higher productive tillers rate, leaf area index, photosynthetic potential and dry matter accumulation, compared with the high yield population. The super-high yield population had higher culm diameter and culm wall thickness in the basal first , second and third internodes, as well as higher bender moment and anti-broken strength, and lower lodging index than the high yield population.

以籼粳杂交稻有代表性的品种甬优 11 、甬优 12 、甬优 13 、甬优 15 、甬优 17 为试材 , 通过栽培措施的调控 , 形成超高产 ( 产量 ≥12.0 t hm -2 ) 和高产 (10.5 t hm -2 ≤ 产量＜ 12.0 t hm -2 ) 群体。比较研究其特征表明 , 与高产群体比，超高产群体的总颖花量极显著提高 , 而结实率和千粒重略降低；平均每穗粒数极显著提高 , 并且一、二次枝粳数以及粒数显著或极显著提高；拔节期的干物重略低 , 但抽穗期和成熟期的干物重均显著或极显著提高；其有效分蘖临界叶龄期至拔节期的生长平稳 , 无效分蘖发生少 , 高峰苗低 , 拔节期以后茎蘖数下降平缓 , 成穗率、叶面积指数、光合势、干物质积累量等均较高；基部第 1 、第 2 、第 3 节间的茎秆粗度和茎壁厚度及基部第 1 、第 2 、第 3 节间的弯曲力矩、抗折力均显著或极显著提高 , 且倒伏指数减小。

... 与大面积种植的常规粳稻和杂交籼稻相比, 甬优系列籼粳杂交稻已在生产上表现出较明显的产量优势^[10,11] ...

2014

0.0

姜元华, 张洪程, 赵可, 许俊伟, 韦还和, 龙厚元, 王文婷, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲, 魏海燕, 郭保卫. 长江下游地区不同类型水稻品种产量及其构成因素特征的研究. 中国水稻科学, 2014, 28: 621-631

Jiang Y

, Zhang H

, Zhao

, Xu J

, Wei H

, Long H

, Wang W

, Dai Q

, Huo Z

, Xu

, Wei H

, Guo B

Difference in yield and its components characteristics of different type rice cultivars in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

Chin J Rice Sci, 2014, 28: 621-631 (in Chinese with English abstract)

With 20 representative rice cultivars belonging to four types as materials, a field experiment was conducted to reveal the difference in yield and its components in the ricewheat cropping areas(Yangzhou, Changshu) in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River in 2012-2013. Grain yield and its components, stems and tillers and panicle traits and grainfilling were analyzed systematically.Result show that, 1)under the high yielding cultivation conditions, rice grain yield followed a decline trend of indicajaponica hybrid rice(IJHR) >japonica hybrid rice(JHR)>traditional japonica rice(TJR)>indica hybrid rice(IHR) in different sites and years.The average yield of IJHR in both years in Yangzhou was 12499.4 kg·hm-2, 4.82%,11.94% and 19.68% higher than those of JHR,TJR and IHR.2)The contribution of yield components to yield was total spikelet number>seedsetting rate>1000grain weight,and the contribution to total spikelet number was grain number per panicle>number of effective panicles.It illustrated that big panicle remained the main way for high yield of rice.3)The number of stems and tillers at jointing stage was TJR>IHR>JHR>IJHR,the contribution rates of stems and primary tillers were IJHR>IHR>TJR>JHR, while the contribution rate of the secondary tillers was JHR>TJR>IHR>IJHR, the composition of stems and tillers at waxy stage was the same as that at jointing stage;percentage of effective tillers of TJR(7576%) ranked first，followed by JHR(7287%),IJHR(6680%) and IHR(63.24%).4)Panicle length followed a trend of IHR>IJHR>JHR>TJR;grain density,single panicle weight were IJHR>JHR>IHR>TJR;grain number on the primary rachis branch was JHR>IJHR>TJR>IHR,while number of branches and total grain number on the primary rachis branch were IJHR>JHR>TJR>IHR,the trend of the contribution rate of grain number on the primary rachis branch to grain number per panicle from high to low was TJR（41.00%）,JHR（35.50%）,IJHR（31.83%）,IHR（27.92%）;grain number on the secondary rachis branch was IHR>IJHR>TJR>JHR,while number of branches and total grain number on the secondary rachis branch were IJHR>JHR>IHR>TJR,the trend of the contribution rate of grain number on the secondary rachis branch to grain number per panicle from high to low was IHR(72.80%),IJHR(68.17%),JHR(64.50%),TJR(59.00%). 5)The final grain weight was TJR>JHR>IHR>IJHR，maximum grainfilling rate was IHR>TJR>JHR>IJHR,the time reaching the maximum grainfilling rate was JHR>TJR>IJHR>IHR,mean grainfilling rate was IHR>TJR>JHR>IJHR,effective grainfilling time was JHR>IJHR>TJR>IHR;For grainfilling characteristics during different stages，grainfilling amount of gradual growth stage, fast growth stage and slow growth stage were TJR>JHR>IHR>IJHR;grainfilling time of gradual growth stage was JHR>TJR>IJHR>IHR,grainfilling time of fast growth stage and slow growth stage were JHR>IJHR>TJR>IHR; mean grainfilling rate of gradual growth stage was IHR>TJR>IJHR>JHR,grainfilling rate of fast growth stage and slow growth stage were IHR>TJR>JHR>IJHR.Compared with JHR ,TJR and IHR, IJHR had obvious advantages in productivity with big panicle as the basis.

为阐明长江下游地区稻麦两熟制高产栽培条件下不同类型水稻品种产量及其构成因素特征的差异，2012-2013年，在江苏扬州、常熟以籼粳杂交稻、杂交粳稻、常规粳稻和杂交籼稻四种类型20个具有代表性的品种为材料，系统比较分析了不同类型水稻品种产量、茎蘖组成、穗部性状、籽粒灌浆等方面的差异。结果表明：1）在高产栽培条件下，不同地点和年份间产量均呈籼粳杂交稻>杂交粳稻>常规粳稻>杂交籼稻趋势，其中，籼粳杂交稻品种平均产量为12499.4kg/hm2，分别较杂交粳稻、常规粳稻和杂交籼稻高4.82%、11.94%和19.68%，籼粳杂交稻品种增产的主要原因为每穗粒数极显著高于其他品种类型。2）产量构成因素对产量的净贡献率表现为总颖花量>结实率>千粒重，对总颖花量的净贡献率表现为每穗粒数大于有效穗数，说明大穗依然是水稻高产的主要途径。3）不同类型水稻品种拔节期茎蘖数表现为常规粳稻>杂交籼稻>杂交粳稻>籼粳杂交稻，主茎和一级分蘖贡献率表现为籼粳杂交稻>杂交籼稻>常规粳稻>杂交粳稻，二级分蘖贡献率表现为杂交粳稻>常规粳稻>杂交籼稻>籼粳杂交稻；蜡熟期茎蘖组成特点与拔节期一致；不同类型水稻品种成穗率表现为常规粳稻最高（75.76%），杂交粳稻其次（72.87%），籼粳杂交稻再次（66.80%），杂交籼稻最低（63.24%）。4）不同类型水稻品种穗长表现为杂交籼稻>籼粳杂交稻>杂交粳稻>常规粳稻，着粒密度、每穗粒数和单穗重均表现为籼粳杂交稻>杂交粳稻>杂交籼稻>常规粳稻；一次枝梗数、二次枝梗数、一次枝梗总粒数和二次枝梗总粒数均表现为籼粳杂交稻>杂交粳稻>常规粳稻>杂交籼稻，一次枝梗粒数对总粒数的贡献率表现为常规粳稻最大（41.00%），其次为杂交粳稻（35.50%）和籼粳杂交稻（3183%），杂交籼稻最低（27.92%），二次枝梗总粒对每穗粒数的贡献率表现为杂交籼稻最大（72.80%），其次为籼粳杂交稻（6817%）和杂交粳稻（64.50%），常规粳稻最小（59.00%）。5）不同类型水稻品种终极生长量Wo呈常规粳稻>杂交粳稻>杂交籼稻>籼粳杂交稻趋势，最大灌浆速率Vmax表现为常规粳稻>杂交籼稻>杂交粳稻>籼粳杂交稻，到达最大灌浆速率的时间Tmax表现为杂交粳稻>籼粳杂交稻>常规粳稻>杂交籼稻，平均灌浆速率Vmean表现为杂交籼稻>常规粳稻>杂交粳稻>籼粳杂交稻，有效灌浆时间T99表现为籼粳杂交稻>杂交粳稻>常规粳稻>杂交籼稻；阶段性灌浆特征方面，灌浆量在渐增期、快增期和缓增期均表现为常规粳稻>杂交粳稻>杂交籼稻>籼粳杂交稻；灌浆时间在渐增期表现为杂交粳稻>常规粳稻>籼粳杂交稻>杂交籼稻，在快增期和缓增期均表现为籼粳杂交稻>杂交粳稻>常规粳稻>杂交籼稻；灌浆速率在渐增期表现为杂交籼稻>籼粳杂交稻>常规粳稻>杂交粳稻，在快增期和缓增期表现为常规粳稻>杂交籼稻>杂交粳稻>籼粳杂交稻。籼粳杂交稻较杂交粳稻、常规粳稻和杂交籼稻有明显的产量优势，“穗大粒多”是其产量优势形成的基础。

... 当前就甬优系列籼粳杂交稻的研究多集中在产量优势形成机制方面, 如分析产量构成因素、光合物质生产、茎秆特性、根系形态生理等^{[12,13,14,15,16]} ...

2007

0.0

马荣荣, 许德海, 王晓燕, 禹盛苗, 金千瑜, 欧阳由男, 朱连峰. 籼粳亚种间杂交稻甬优6号超高产株型特征与竞争优势分析. 中国水稻科学, 2007, 21: 281-286

Ma R

, Xu D

, Wang X

, Yu S

, Jin Q

, Ou-Yang Y N, Zhu L F. Heterosis on plant morphology of Yongyou 6, an indica-japonica inter-subspecific super high-yielding hybrid rice. Chin J Rice Sci, 2007, 21: 281-286 (in Chinese with English abstract)

According to the results of the experiments conducted in 2003-2005,Yongyou 6,a late season inter-subspecific hybrid rice combination derived from a japonica cytoplasmic male sterile line Yongjing 2A and an indica restorer line K264806,performed high yielding potential,which was closely related to its outstanding heterosis in plant morphology over the japonica inbred rice Xiushui 63 and indica hybrid rice Shanyou 63.At the early growth stage,the tiller number of Yongyou 6 was between that of Shanyou 63 and that of Xiushui 63,and it showed a moderate tillering ability and less non-effective tillers.At the middle growth stage,the culms,sheaths and leaves of Yongyou 6 grew faster with higher biomass.The population of Yongyou 6 had better light distribution in its canopy because of its three top upright,longer and cured leaves.At the late growth stage,although Yongyou 6 was of high plant,but it perfected very strong tolerance to lodging due to its long and closed sheathes and short and thick basal internodes.At the maturity stage,Yongyou 6 showed arc-shaped panicles with more primary and secondary branches.The grain density of panicle was moderate with more oblate grains.The root-shoot ratio of Yongyou 6 was very higher at the whole growth stage.Moreover,the ideo-plant morphology of indica-japonica inter-subspecific super high-yielding hybrid was also discussed.

2003-2005年的试验结果表明，与常规晚粳稻秀水63和籼型杂交晚稻汕优63相比，三系籼粳亚种间杂交晚粳稻甬优6号的超高产与其生育期间株形特征及竞争优势密切相关。生育前期，甬优6号的分蘖数介于籼、粳稻之间，消长平稳，分蘖力中等，无效分蘖少；生育中期，植株的茎、鞘、叶生长快，生物量大，上3叶长而内卷挺立，群体上下受光态势好；生育后期，植株高大，茎秆粗壮，鞘叶长而抱秆紧密，茎基部节间短而厚重；成熟期，穗呈弧形，一、二次枝梗数特别多，粒多穗重，着粒密度适中，粒形偏团；各生育阶段的根冠比高。另外，对籼粳亚种间超级杂交稻的理想株形进行了讨论。

2015

0.0

姜元华, 许俊伟, 赵可, 韦还和, 孙建军, 张洪程, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲, 魏海燕, 郭保卫. 甬优系列籼粳杂交稻根系形态与生理特征. 作物学报, 2015, 41: 89-99

Jiang Y

, Xu J

, Zhao

, Wei H

, Sun J

, Zhang H

, Dai Q

, Huo Z

, Xu

, Wei H

, Guo B

Root system morphological and physiological characteristics of indica-japonica hybrid rice of Yongyou series.

Acta Agron Sin, 2015, 41: 89-99 (in Chinese with English abstract)

A field experiment was conducted to compare the root system morphological and physiological characteristics of four types of rice populations including indica-japonica hybrid rice of Yongyou series (A), japonica hybrid rice (B), conventional japonica rice (C), and indica hybrid rice (D) under high-yielding cultivation condition in the rice-wheat cropping system. Results were as follows: (1) The root dry weight, aboveground dry weight, number of root tips, root length, root surface area, root-shoot ratio and root volume of A were obviously higher than those of B, C, and D at the middle and late growth stage. (2) The proportion of number, length, surface area and volume of the adventitious roots(root diameter > 0.3 mm) to the whole roots of A were higher than those of B and C, while lower than those of D at heading; the proportion of number, length, surface area and volume of the fine branches (root diameter ≤ 0.1 mm) and coarse branches (0.1 mm while lower than those of B and C at heading. The proportions of root weight in 0–5 cm, 5–10 cm, and 10–15 cm soil layers to total roots weight of A were higher than those of B and C, while lower than those of D; however, the proportions of root weight in 15–25 cm, 25–35 cm, 35–45 cm, and 45–55 cm soil layers to the total root weight where lower than those of B and C, while higher than these of D at heading. (3) The total absorbing surface area, active absorbing surface area, bleeding intensity, root oxidation activity, and root reducing activity of A were higher than those of B, C, and D. Compared with B, C, and D, the indica-japonica hybrid rice of Yongyou series had significant advantage in root-shoot coordination level, root amount. branch structure, root distribution in soil and biological activity in the middle and late growth stage. This peculiarity of A provides an important guarantee to realize the super-high-yield.

以甬优籼粳杂交稻群体(A)为研究对象，在稻麦两熟制机插高产栽培条件下，以三系杂交粳稻群体(B)、超级常规粳稻(C)和超级杂交籼稻群体(D)为对照的试验，旨在揭示甬优系列籼粳杂交稻超高产根系形态生理特征。结果表明：(1) 在生育中、后期，A的根系干重、地上部干重、根尖数、根系长度、根系表面积、根系体积及根冠比均显著高于B、C和D。(2) 抽穗期不定根(根径>0.3 mm)的根尖数、根系长度、根系表面积和根系体积占总根的比例表现为A大于B和C，小于D；细分支(根径≤0.1 mm)与粗分支(0.1 mm＜根径≤0.3 mm)的根尖数、根系长度、根系表面积和根系体积占总根的比例均表现为A大于D，小于B和C。抽穗期土层 0~5 cm、5~10 cm和10~15 cm范围根干重占根系总干重的比例表现为A大于B和C，小于D；土层15~25 cm、25~35 cm、35~45 cm、45~55 cm范围根干重占根系总干重的比例表现为A大于D，小于B和C。 (3) A抽穗后根系总吸收面积、根系活跃吸收面积、根系伤流强度以及根系氧化力和根系还原力均高于B、C和D。与杂交粳稻、常规粳稻和杂交籼稻相比，甬优系列籼粳杂交稻具有根冠协调水平高、群体根量大、分支结构优、根系深扎性好以及中、后期生理活性强等优势，这种根系特征为其超高产的实现提供了重要保障。

2015

0.0

姜元华, 许轲, 赵可, 孙建军, 韦还和, 许俊伟, 魏海燕, 郭保卫, 霍中洋, 戴其根, 张洪程. 甬优系列籼粳杂交稻的冠层结构与光合特性. 作物学报, 2015, 41: 286-296

Jiang Y

, Xu

, Zhao

, Sun J

, Wei H

, Xu J

, Wei H

, Guo B

, Huo Z

, Dai Q

, Zhang H

Canopy structure and photosynthetic characteristics of Yongyou series of indica- japonica hybrid rice under high-yielding cultivation condition.

Acta Agron Sin, 2015, 41: 286-296 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Compared with japonica hybrid rice cultivars(B), conventional japonica rice cultivars (C) and indica hybrid rice cultivars (D), Yongyou series of indica-japonica hybrid rice cultivars (A) were adopted to analyze the lightened posture of leave, light distribution of canopy and photosynthetic characteristics of plant systematically. Results were as follows: (1) leaf length, leaf width of top three leaves showed the trend of A>B>D>C, canopy extinction coefficient showed the trend of C>D>B>A, leaf basic angle of top three leaves and relative height of the largest leaf area density were D>A,>B>C, lower canopy leaf area density was C>B>A>D, plant height and largest leaf area density showed the trend of A>D>B>C, leaf drop angle of top three leaves showed the trend of D>B>C>A, upper canopy leaf area density observed D>A>B>C, lower canopy relative light showed the trend of A>B>C>D, lower canopy relative light and canopy average relative light showed the trend of B>A>C>D; (2) population LAI and high valid leaf area rate showed the trend of D>A>B>C at heading, valid leaf area rate, spikelets per cm2 leaf area, filled grains per cm2 leaf area, total biomass, economic yield, Chlorophyll (a+b) content, carotenoid content, PSII actual photochemical efficiency, net photosynthetic rate, enzyme activities of SOD, POD and CAT after heading showed the trend of A>B>C>D, harvest index and MDA content showed the trend of D>C>B>A. Therefore, compared with other three types of rice, Yongyou Series of indica-japonica hybrid rice had significant advantages in the canopy structure and photosynthetic characteristics, which are both normal ecological and physiological bases of high yield, and maybe an important way to improve the population productivity of inter-subspecific hybrid rice.

旨在阐明甬优系列籼粳杂交稻的冠层结构与光合特性。以甬优籼粳杂交稻(A)为研究对象，以三系杂交粳稻(B)、超级常规粳稻(C)和超级杂交籼稻(D)为对照，在机插高产栽培条件下，对不同类型水稻的叶片受光姿态和群体冠层光分布、光合特性系统比较研究。结果表明: (1)上3张叶片的长度、宽度表现为A>B>D>C，叶基角表现为D>A>B>C，披垂度表现为D>B>C>A。冠层上部叶面积密度表现为D>A>B>C，冠层下部叶面积密度表现为C>B>A>D，最大叶面积密度表现为A>D>B>C，最大叶面积密度出现的相对高度表现为D>A>B>C。冠层上部相对光照表现为A>B>C>D，冠层下部相对光照表现为B>A>C>D，冠层平均相对光照表现为B>A>C>D，冠层消光系数表现为C>D>B>A。(2)抽穗期群体叶面积指数、高效叶面积率均呈D>A>B>C趋势，有效叶面积率呈A>B>C>D趋势；颖花/叶和实粒/叶均表现为A>B>C>D。经济产量、生物产量均表现为A>B>C>D，经济系数呈D>C>B>A趋势；蜡熟期和成熟期剑叶的叶绿素含量、类胡萝卜素含量、PSII的光化学效率及净光合速率呈A>B>C>D趋势；抽穗至成熟期剑叶的MAD含量呈D>C>B>A趋势，SOD、POD、CAT酶活性呈A>B>C>D趋势。与其他3种类型水稻相比，甬优系列籼粳杂交稻的冠层结构与光合特性具有显著优势，这是甬优系列杂交稻产量潜力正常发挥的生态生理基础，也是进一步提高亚种间杂交稻群体生产力的重要途径。

2014

0.0

韦还和, 李超, 张洪程, 孙玉海, 马荣荣, 王晓燕, 杨筠文, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲, 魏海燕, 郭保卫. 水稻甬优12不同产量群体的株型特征. 作物学报, 2014, 40: 2160-2168

Wei H

, Li

, Zhang H

, Sun Y

, Ma R

, Wang X

, Yang J

, Dai Q

, Huo Z

, Xu

, Wei H

, Guo B

Plant-type characteristics in populations with different yield of Yongyou 12.

Acta Agron Sin, 2014, 40: 2160-2168 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Using indica-japonica super rice Yongyou 12, we compared the plant-type characteristics among three types of populations (high yield: 10.5–12.0 t ha -1 ; higher yield: 12.0–13.5 t ha -1 ; super-high yield: >13.5 t ha -1 ). The main results indicated that in super-high yield population, the mean values of panicle length, total grains per spike, number of the primary and secondary rachises were 21.56, 356.34, 20.46, and 73.98, respectively, being higher than those in the high and higher yield populations. However, the seed-setting rate in the primary and secondary rachises showed slight reduction. Super-high yield population had longer length, larger width and higher rolling rate, smaller leaf basic angle and dropping angle, more green leaves after heading for the top-most three leaves in comparison with the other two populations. Compared with the other two populations, super-high yield population had higher plant height, longer length of top three internodes, higher ratio of sum of panicle and neck internode to plant height 39.84% and ratio of neck internode to stalk length 37.75%. The decreased length of basal three internodes, increased culm diameter, culm wall thickness and dry weight of culm and sheath made higher anti-broken strength and lower lodging index in super-high yield population.

以籼粳交超级稻甬优12为试材，比较研究高产(10.5~12.0 t hm -2 )、更高产(12.0~13.5 t hm -2 )、超高产( >13.5 t hm -2 ) 3个群体的株型特征。结果表明，穗长、穗粒数、一次和二次枝梗数，超高产群体分别为21.56、356.34、20.46和73.98 (两年平均值)，均高于对应的高产和更高产群体，但一次和二次枝梗的结实率略微降低。超高产群体上部三叶的长、宽以及卷曲率高，倒一、二、三叶的卷曲率分别为1.84、1.47、1.26，叶基角和披垂度小，抽穗后的主茎绿叶数多。超高产群体株高为143.50 cm，分别较更高产、高产群体高1.98%和3.83%，上部第一、二、三节间长度增加，穗长加穗下节间长占株高比例、穗下节间占秆长比例高，分别为39.84%和37.75%；基部第一、二、三节间长度缩短，茎秆粗度和茎壁厚度增加，茎、鞘干物重以及K、Si含量高，提高了基部节间的抗折力同时降低了倒伏指数。

1988

0.0

朱庆森, 曹显祖, 骆亦其. 水稻籽粒灌浆的生长分析. 作物学报, 1988, 14: 182-193

Zhu Q

, Cao X

, Luo Y

Growth analysis on the process of grain filling in rice.

Acta Agron Sin, 1988, 14: 182-193 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Richards equation W=A/(1+Be~(-kt)) 1/N was used to describe theweight increasing of the strong and the weak grains of six rice varieties(including hybrids).According to N values in the equation of theweak grain,the grain-filling processes of the six rice varieties fall intotwo types,one was synchron

用 Richards 方程 W=A/(1+Be~(-kt))1/N 配合农垦57号、汕优63号等6个品种(含杂种)强、弱势粒的籽粒增重资料。依弱势粒配得方程的 N 值,将此6个水稻品种的籽粒灌浆状况分为两个类型,即:01的异步灌浆型。并据籽粒生长速率曲线的两个拐点,将籽粒灌浆过程划分为:前,中(盛)、后(至90%A 止)3个期。同时导出:起始生长势 Ro=K/N,生

... 参照朱庆森等^[17]的方法, 求出以下参数 ...

... 995), 且Richards模型在水稻籽粒灌浆拟合^[17,31]、干物质积累动态^[32]等方面都有较好的应用 ...

2015

0.0

... 1 不同类型水稻品种氮素利用效率当前, 在提高水稻产量的同时, 如何协同提高氮肥利用效率是水稻研究和生产中面临的一大难题, 高产氮高效品种的选育也一直是育种和栽培领域关注的热点^[18,19] ...

2014

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2012

0.0

霍中洋, 顾海永, 马群, 杨雄, 李敏, 李国业, 戴其根, 许轲, 魏海燕, 高辉, 芦燕, 张洪程. 不同氮肥群体最高生产力水稻品种的氮素吸收利用差异. 作物学报, 2012, 38: 2061-2068

Huo Z

, Gu H

, Ma

, Yang

, Li

, Li G

, Dai Q

, Xu

, Wei H

, Gao

, Lu

, Zhang H

Differences of nitrogen absorption and utilization in rice varieties with different productivity levels.

Acta Agron Sin, 2012, 38: 2061-2068 (in Chinese with English abstract)

The field experiment was carried out using 50 early-maturing late Japonica rice varieties, adopted in the region of Yangtze River, with seven nitrogen application levels (0, 150.0, 187.5, 225.0, 262.5, 300.0, 337.5 kg ha -1 ) to investigate the differences of the nitrogen absorption and utilization. We defined the highest rice yields under different nitrogen levels as the highest population productivity of N fertilization (HPPNF). The main results indicated that the top- and high-level yielding varieties had extremely significant larger amount of population spikelets than the middle- and low-level yielding varieties, and this superiority of total spikelets was mainly due to the extremely remarkable increase of spikelets per panicle. The nitrogen content and nitrogen absorption rate in plant at jointing, heading and maturity were all significantly increased with increasing productivity level. In transplanting to jointing and jointing to heading stages, there were no significant differences in ratio of nitrogen accumulation among four productivity levels, but a trend of decrease with the increase of productivity level. In heading to maturity stages, the ratio of nitrogen accumulation was significantly increased with increasing productivity level, which was 14.94% for top-level yielding cultivars. With the productivity level increasing, the apparent nitrogen recovery efficiency, agronomic nitrogen use efficiency and physiological nitrogen use efficiency were significantly increased. Taking into consideration of the production capacity and the apparent nitrogen recovery efficiency of all 50 rice varieties, 13 varieties with high yield and high nitrogen efficiency were selected and recommended.

选用长江中下游地区有代表性的50个早熟晚粳品种(系)，设置7个氮肥水平(0、150.0、187.5、225.0、262.5、300.0、337.5 kg hm -2 )，得出各品种在各个氮肥水平下出现的最高生产力及其对应施氮水平，将该最高生产力定义为氮肥群体最高生产力。在此基础上，比较研究不同氮肥群体最高生产力水稻品种间氮素吸收利用的差异。结果表明，生产力处于顶层与高层水平品种的颖花量极显著高于中层、低层品种，颖花量的增加主要表现为每穗粒数的极显著增加。各生育阶段的植株吸氮量和氮素吸收速率均随着生产力等级的增加而显著增加。4个生产力等级品种间在移栽至拔节和拔节至抽穗阶段氮素积累比例差异均不大，但随着生产力等级的增加呈减小趋势；抽穗至成熟阶段氮素积累比例随着生产力等级的增加呈显著增加趋势，顶层水平品种在抽穗至成熟阶段氮素积累比例为14.94%。氮肥表观利用率、农学利用率和生理利用率均随着生产力等级的增加而增加。初步筛选出13个集高产与氮高效于一体的品种。

... 水稻氮素利用参数包括氮肥吸收利用率、氮肥生理利用率、籽粒生产率、百千克籽粒吸氮量、氮肥偏生产力、农学利用率等^[20] ...

... 目前, 就不同基因型水稻品种氮素利用效率差异已有较多研究^{[20,21,22,23]} ...

2014

0.0

龚金龙, 邢志鹏, 胡雅杰, 张洪程, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲, 魏海燕, 高辉. 籼、粳超级稻氮素吸收利用与转运差异研究. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2014, 20: 796-810

Gong J

, Xing Z

, Hu Y

, Zhang H

, Dai Q

, Huo Z

, Xu

, Wei H

, Gao

Differences of nitrogen uptake, utilization and translocation between indica and japonica super rice.

J Plant Nutr Fert, 2014, 20: 796-810 (in Chinese with English abstract)

【Objectives】Currently, a large amount of super rice varieties are bred in China to excavate the high yield potential in rice production. Nitrogen is one of the most active factors for rice growth, yield formation and grain quality. The characteristics in N uptake, utilization and translocation of both indica and japonica cultivars and their relationship with yield formation, and the yield formation mechanisms of japonica super rice related with N nutrition are fully discussed in this paper. 【Methods】Five representative super hybrid indica rice and five conventional japonica super rice cultivars are used as materials in Suzhong region with ricewheat cropping rotation in 2011-2012 N content and N accumulation at the main growth stages, periodic N uptake rate and accumulation, N using efficiency, and N translocation amount, apparent N translocation rate and N translocation conversion rate in stemsheath and leaf from heading to maturity are analyzed systematically. 【Results】 1) The average grain yield, total N accumulation and N uptake per 100 kg of grain of japonica rice are 10.89 t/ha, 224.50 kg/ha and 2.79 kg, which are 13.21%, 32.74% and 17.45% significantly higher than those of indica rice. 2) N accumulation of japonica rice is higher than that of indica rice significantly from transplantingcritical leaf-age for productive tillers stage, jointing-heading stage and heading-maturity stage, while it shows an opposite tendency from critical leaf-age for productive tillers-jointing stage. The periodic N uptake rate follows the same trend as N accumulation. 3) The N contents in leaves, stems, sheaths, panicles at both the heading and maturity stages and the entire rice plants throughout the growth stage of japonica rice are higher than those of indica rice significantly. 4) The N recovery efficiency and agronomic efficiency of japonica rice are slightly higher than those of indica rice, while the N physiological efficiency, N using efficiencies for grain and biomass production, the partial factor productivity of applied N are opposite accordingly, reaching an significant level, except for the N physiological efficiency. 5) At the maturity stage, the ratios of N accumulation in stemsheath and leaves are significantly higher than those of indica rice, but lower N accumulation in panicles of japonica rice leading to the significantly lower N harvest index in japonica rice than in indica rice. 6) The N translocation amount, apparent N translocation rate and N translocation conversion rate in stemsheath and leaves from the heading to the maturity of japonica rice are all significantly lower than those of indica rice, but no significant difference for N translocation conversion rate of sheaths. 7) For the indica rice, the principal grain N is transferred from the N stored in the source organs at the heading stage, while for the japonica rice, the grain N is heavily dependent on the N rapid absorption from the jointing to the maturity stage. 【Conclusions】The proper N management for japonica rice is to control N uptake at transplantingjointing stage, promote periodic N uptake and accumulation at the jointingmaturity stage to satisfy the need of rapid N accumulation and high grain yield.

【目的】目前我国选育和认定的超级稻品种很多，但如何发挥其高产潜力至关重要。氮素是影响水稻生长发育、产量和品质形成的最活跃因素之一，因此，深入分析籼、粳超级稻氮素吸收、利用与转运特征及其与产量形成的关系，从氮素营养层面上阐明超级粳稻高产形成机理，以期为超级稻品种的合理利用以及增产潜力的挖掘提供参考。【方法】2011~2012年在江苏苏中地区，以主体且具有代表性的5个超级杂交籼稻组合和5个常规粳型超级稻品种为试验材料，对稻-麦两熟制条件下籼、粳超级稻主要生育期植株含氮率和氮素积累量、氮素阶段吸收速率和阶段吸收量、氮素利用效率，以及抽穗至成熟期叶、茎、鞘氮素转运量、表观转运率和转运贡献率等进行了系统的比较研究。【结果】1）粳稻平均实收产量、氮素吸收总量和百公斤籽粒吸氮量分别达10.89 t/hm 2 、 224.50 kg/hm 2 和2.79 kg，分别较籼稻高13.21%、 32.74%和17.45%，差异极显著。2）移栽有效分蘖临界叶龄期、拔节抽穗期和抽穗成熟期，粳稻氮素积累量显著或极显著高于籼稻，而有效分蘖临界叶龄期拔节期粳稻极显著低于籼稻。氮素阶段吸收速率表现的趋势与氮素阶段吸收量一致。3）抽穗期和成熟期粳稻植株各器官以及整个生育期整株的含氮率均显著或极显著高于籼稻。4）粳稻氮素吸收利用率和农学利用率略高于籼稻，但氮素生理利用率、籽粒生产效率、干物质生产效率和氮肥偏生产力，除氮素生理利用率外，均显著或极显著低于籼稻。5）成熟期，粳稻叶、茎、鞘含氮量所占比例均极显著地高于籼稻，但穗中含氮量所占比例极显著低于籼稻，因此，籼稻氮素收获指数极显著高于粳稻。6）抽穗成熟期，粳稻叶、茎、鞘氮素转运量、表观转运率和转运贡献率均小于籼稻，除鞘的氮素转运贡献率外其他指标均达显著或极显著水平。7）籼稻籽粒氮主要依靠抽穗前源器官中贮积的氮素的输出与转运，粳稻主要依靠生育中后期(拔节成熟期)氮素的高速吸收。【结论】在稳定生育前期(移栽拔节期)氮素吸收的基础上，大幅提高生育中期和后期(拔节成熟期)氮素吸收速率和氮素积累量，是稳定形成较高的氮素吸收总量及粳稻高产形成的关键。

... 目前, 就不同基因型水稻品种氮素利用效率差异已有较多研究^{[20,21,22,23]} ...

... 龚金龙等^[21]研究表明, 粳稻氮素生理利用率、氮素吸收利用率和农学利用率高于籼稻, 干物质生产效率和氮肥偏生产力则显著低于籼稻 ...

... 龚金龙等^[21]研究表明, 粳稻花后叶片氮素转运量低于籼稻, 茎鞘氮素转运量则显著高于籼稻 ...

2015

0.0

孟天瑶, 许俊伟, 邵子彬, 葛梦婕, 张洪程, 魏海燕, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲, 郭保卫, 荆培培. 甬优系列籼粳杂交稻氮肥群体最高生产力的优势及形成特征. 作物学报, 2015, 41: 1711-1725

Meng T

, Xu J

, Shao Z

, Ge M

, Zhang H

, Wei H

, Dai Q

, Huo Z

, Xu

, Guo B

, Jing P

Advantages and their formation characteristics of the highest population productivity of nitrogen fertilization in japonica/indica hybrid rice of Yongyou series.

Acta Agron Sin, 2015, 41: 1711-1725 (in Chinese with English abstract)

A field experiment was conducted using the representative varieties of four types ( indica/japonica hybrid rice, inbred japonica rice, hybrid japonica rice, and hybrid indica rice) to achieve the highest rice yield for each variety that is defined as the highest population productivity of N fertilization at six nitrogen fertilization levels (0, 187.5, 225 .0 , 262.5, 300.0, and 337.5 kg ha -1 ). On this basis, the differences in yield components, duration of main growth stages, dry matter weight, and leaf area index at main growth stages for four types were studied. The results were as follows: (1) The highest grain yield rice was achieved under 225 .0 –262.5 kg ha -1 nitrogen application for hybrid indica , 300 kg ha -1 for inbred japonica rice, 262.5–300.0 kg ha -1 for hybrid japonica rice and 262.5–300.0 kg ha -1 for indica / japonica hybrid rice. (2) The population productivity of indica/japonica hybrid rice was the highest, followed by hybrid japonica rice, inbred japonica rice, and hybrid indica rice. Indica/japonica hybrid rice had more spikelets and spikelets per panicle, but great fluctuation was observed in number of spikelets per panicle across two years. Inbred japonica rice had more panicles and higher seed-setting rate while hybrid japonica rice had the highest 1000-grain yield weight. (3) The longest duration from sowing to heading stages was observed for hybrid japonica rice. The duration from heading to maturity of indica/japonica hybrid rice was about 60 d, which was significantly higher than that of other three variety types. Grain yield per day of japonica/indica hybrids was the highest among the four variety types in two years. (4) The dry matter weight and leaf area index at heading, 20 d after heading, and maturity stage of indica/japonica hybrid rice were higher higher than thoes of other three variety types. As for dry matter accumulation, indica/japonica hybrid rice was the highest from heading to maturity stage. Moreover, the leaf area duration from jointing to heading and from heading to maturity in indica/japonica hybrid rice was also higher than that of other three variety types. Great yield of japonica/indica hybrids of Yongyou series over other three variety types is mainly attributed to more spikelets per panicle, longer filling phase, higher grain yield per day and biomass production after heading.

以长江下游地区大面积种植的4种类型(籼粳杂交稻、常规粳稻、杂交粳稻和杂交籼稻)水稻品种中有代表性的品种为材料, 设置6个氮肥水平(0、187.5、225.0、262.5、300.0、337.5 kg hm -2 ),比较研究其氮肥群体最高生产力及其产量构成、关键生育阶段天数、主要生育时期的叶面积指数和干物重。结果表明: (1)杂交籼稻获得最高生产力对应的施氮量为225.0~262.5 kg hm -2 , 常规粳稻为300.0 kg hm -2 , 杂交粳稻和籼粳杂交稻为262.5~300 kg hm -2 。(2)氮肥群体最高生产力以籼粳杂交稻最高, 达12.2 (12.0~12.3) t hm -2 ,较杂交粳稻、常规粳稻和杂交籼稻分别高出6.6%、9.8%和19.6% (两年平均值)。群体颖花量和每穗粒数均以籼粳杂交稻最高, 但其每穗粒数年度间波动较大。穗数和结实率以常规粳稻最高。(3)播种至抽穗期天数以杂交粳稻最长, 抽穗至成熟期天数则以籼粳杂交稻最长, 达60 d左右。全生育期天数呈杂交粳稻>常规粳稻>籼粳杂交稻>杂交籼稻。两年中日产量以籼粳杂交稻最高。(4) 籼粳杂交稻在抽穗、抽穗后20 d和成熟期的叶面积指数和干物重均显著高于另外3种类型品种, 且抽穗至成熟期的干物质积累量也最高。此外, 籼粳杂交稻在拔节至抽穗期以及抽穗至成熟期的光合势显著高于另外3种类型品种。较多的每穗粒数、较长的灌浆期天数以及较高的日产量、生育后期(抽穗至成熟期)较强的光合物质生产能力是籼粳杂交稻氮肥群体最高生产力形成的重要原因和基础。

... 目前, 就不同基因型水稻品种氮素利用效率差异已有较多研究^{[20,21,22,23]} ...

... 孟天瑶等^[22]研究表明, 甬优籼粳杂交稻氮肥偏生产力显著高于常规粳稻、杂交籼稻和杂交粳稻 ...

2003

0.0

... 目前, 就不同基因型水稻品种氮素利用效率差异已有较多研究^{[20,21,22,23]} ...

... Koutroubas等^[23]研究地中海地区种植的粳稻和籼稻的产量和氮素利用率表明, 籼稻品种籽粒生产率高于粳稻品种, 这主要是由于其较高的氮收获指数 ...

2015

0.0

赵敏, 胡剑锋, 钟晓媛, 张强, 周虹, 任万军. 不同基因型机插稻植株氮素积累运转特性. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2015, 21: 277-287

Zhao

, Hu J

, Zhong X

, Zhang

, Zhou

, Ren W

Differences in N accumulation and translocation in the machine- transplanted rice genotypes.

J Plant Nutr Fert, 2015, 21: 277-287 (in Chinese with English abstract)

【Objectives】 The experimental objective is to investigate the differences in N uptakeand utilization in the machine-transplanted rice genotypes and explore an effective pathway improving uptake and utilization of N in the machine-transplanted rice genotypes.【Methods】 A field experiment was designed in randomized blocks to determine the N content, yields, the characteristics of N accumulation and dry matter weight, distribution and translocation of N in the different machine-transplanted rice genotypes at the growth stages of three medium-maturing varieties, three late-maturing varieties and four japonica rice cultivars, and explain the reasons causing the differences in the characteristics mentioned above.【Results】 1) The accumulation dynamics of N in the machine-transplanted rice was exhibited by a logistic curve. 2) N content in the machine-transplanted rice decreased through the growth period. The content of N in japonica rice cultivars was higher than in indica hybrid rice cultivars during jointing-heading, then that was gradually decreased and became lower than in indica hybrid rice cultivars at maturity. The content of N in medium-maturing indica hybrid rice cultivars reached the highest value at maturity stage. 3) The ultimate N uptake in the japonica rice cultivars was 23.0% lower than in medium-maturing indica hybrid rice cultivars, and 33.1% lower than in late-maturing indica hybrid rice cultivars. 4) Medium-maturing indica hybrid rice cultivars exhibited the highest N accumulation during heading-maturity, and a highly N distribution ratio in the panicle, highly apparent N translocation rate in the leaf and stem-shead with a higher N grain production efficiency and N translocation efficiency, indicating that the accumulation and translocation efficiency of N in the medium-maturing indica hybrid rice cultivars were significantly higher than those in the late-maturing indica hybrid rice cultivars and japonica rice cultivars under the planting mechanization. Fyou498 from medium-maturing indica hybrid rice showed much higher N uptake than the others, and had an advantage of rapid N accumulation at the early growth stage and reasonable N distribution at the late growth stage. 5) Late-maturing indica hybrid rice cultivars demonstrated the biggest enhancement rate in N accumulation from 84 to 91 d, and a steady N accumulation during the whole growth period, and the highest N uptake, but which was not beneficial to yield formation. 6) Cultivar 69you8 has higher N uptakes and yield than the other japonica rice cultivars, and its N accumulation and translocation efficiency was significantly higher under the planting mechanization.【Conclusions】 Different genotypes are significantly different in the characteristics of N accumulation and translocation under machine-transplanting condition. The accumulation and translocation efficiency of N in the medium-maturing indica hybrid rice cultivars is significantly higher than those in the late-maturing indica hybrid rice cultivars and japonica rice cultivars. Fyou498, a medium-maturing indica hybrid rice cultivar, demonstrates genetic advantages in the N accumulation, distribution and yield formation. Late-maturing indica hybrid rice cultivars have potential in high N accumulation, which, however, does not show good to yield formation. N accumulation in the japonica rice cultivars is relatively low. Among the japonica rice cultivars, 69you8 has significantly higher N accumulation and yield under the planting mechanization, showing better suitability for planting mechanization.

【目的】明确机械化育插秧条件下不同基因型水稻氮素吸收利用的特点，分析提高其氮素吸收利用的途径。【方法】以3个中籼中熟杂交稻、 3个中籼迟熟杂交稻、 4个粳稻共计10个品种为材料，采用随机区组大田试验设计，测定不同生育时期各器官干物重和氮素含量、产量等，研究了不同基因型机插稻植株氮素积累、分配和运转特性的差异及其原因。【结果】1)育插秧机械化条件下水稻植株氮素积累符合Logistic曲线增长规律。2)整个生育期机插稻植株含氮量呈下降趋势，粳稻植株的含氮量在生长中期(拔节期—抽穗期)高于杂交籼稻，而后逐渐降低，到成熟期极显著低于杂交籼稻，中籼中熟杂交稻因降低缓慢到成熟期植株含氮量最高。3)粳稻植株的终极氮素积累量最低，中籼中熟杂交稻和中籼迟熟杂交稻终极氮素积累量平均比粳稻高23.0%和33.1%。4)中籼中熟杂交稻抽穗期—成熟期氮素积累量最大，在氮素积累上具有后发优势，且穗部分配率、叶片与茎鞘氮素表观转运率、氮素籽粒生产效率和氮素转运效率均较高，说明育插秧机械化条件下，中籼中熟杂交稻品种的氮素在转运和利用上具有高效性。其中，F优498的终极氮素积累量高，且具有前期积累快，后期运转分配合理等优势。5)中籼迟熟杂交稻氮素积累出现最大增长速率较晚，平稳持续增长时间较长，终极积累量最大，但氮素积累对产量的贡献没有优势。6)粳稻中杂交粳稻69优8号相比其他粳稻品种，氮素积累量大且产量高，也具有氮素转运和利用的高效性。【结论】机插稻植株氮素积累转运特性受不同基因型的显著影响。本研究采用植株含氮量、终极氮素积累量、百千克籽粒吸氮量等反映机插稻氮素吸收转运特性的指标进行比较发现，在育插秧机械化条件下，中籼中熟杂交稻相比中籼迟熟杂交稻和粳稻氮素具有积累转运和利用高效性，其中F优498在氮素积累、分配并促进产量形成方面具有遗传上的优势。中籼迟熟杂交稻虽具有氮素积累量潜力，但氮素积累对水稻产量的贡献相对较低。机插粳稻氮素积累较低，但相比其他粳稻品种机插杂交粳稻69优8号具有氮素积累量大且产量高的潜力，较适合机插。

... 赵敏等^[24]研究表明, 中籼中熟杂交稻较中籼迟熟杂交稻和粳稻具有较高的氮素积累、转运和利用效率 ...

... 赵敏等^[24]研究表明育插秧机械化条件下水稻植株氮素积累符合Logistic曲线增长规律 ...

2012

0.0

霍中洋, 杨雄, 张洪程, 葛梦婕, 马群, 李敏, 戴其根, 许轲, 魏海燕, 李国业, 朱聪聪, 王亚江, 颜希亭. 不同氮肥群体最高生产力水稻品种各器官的干物质和氮素的积累与转运. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2012, 18: 1035-1045

Huo Z

, Yang

, Zhang H

, Ge M

, Ma

, Li

, Dai Q

, Xu

, Wei H

, Li G

, Zhu C

, Wang Y

, Yan X

Accumulation and translocation of dry matter and nitrogen nutrition in organs of rice cultivars with different productivity levels.

Plant Nutr Fert Sci, 2012, 18: 1035-1045 (in Chinese with English abstract)

A field experiment was carried out to investigate the productivity of rice under the nitrogen fertilization. There were 50 early-maturing late Japonica rice cultivars which are adopted in the region of Yangtze River, and seven nitrogen levels, 0, 150.0, 187.5, 225.0, 262.5, 300.0, and 337.5 kg/ha. The highest productivity of rice cultivar under the seven nitrogen levels was defined as the highest population productivity of N fertilization (HPPN). Then according to HPPN, rice cultivars are classified into four types, top type, high type, middle type and low type. On this basis, the accumulation and translocation of dry matter and N of the four types of rice cultivars were studied. The main results show that the N concentrations and accumulation of leaves are decreased as the decrease of the productivity level at the heading. Also the dry matter and N accumulations of leaves and panicles at the maturity are decreased as the decrease of the productivity level at the maturity. From elongation to heading, the rate of dry matter and N accumulation of stems-sheaths/leaves are decreased as the decrease of the productivity level at the maturity. From the heading to maturity, the dry matter/N TCRV (translocation conversation rate of vegetative organ) of stems-sheaths/leaves of the top level are smaller than those of the other three levels, while the increase of dry matter/N accumulation in panicle are bigger. There are significant positive correlations between dry matter/N accumulation rate and HPPN from the elongation to heading(r=0.635, r=0.539). From the heading to maturity, there is a significant negative correlation between dry matter translocation of leaves and HPPN (r=-0.360), while there is a significant positive correlation between N accumulation of leaf and HPPN (r=0.333). The rice cultivars which yield are more than 10.50 t/hm2 have obvious advantages than other cultivars in nutrition of dry matter and N of leaves after the heading of rice. Therefore, appropriate dry matter and N accumulation of stems-sheaths, better dry matter and N accumulation of leaves, and bigger dry matter and N accumulation of panicles are benefit for grain yield increasing.

采用大田试验，以长江中下游地区有代表性的50个早熟晚粳品种为供试材料，设置7个氮肥水平（0、 150.0、 187.5、 225.0、 262.5、 300.0、 337.5 kg/hm 2 ），得出各品种在这7个氮肥水平下出现的群体最高生产力，将该最高生产力定义为氮肥群体最高生产力。根据各品种的氮肥群体最高生产力从高到低将50个品种分为4个产量水平，对不同产量水平品种间各器官的干物质和氮素积累转运、分配等特性进行系统地比较研究。结果表明，抽穗期叶片的氮素含量和氮素积累量以及成熟期叶片和穗的干物质与氮素积累量随产量水平递减逐渐降低; 拔节至抽穗阶段茎鞘的干物质积累率以及叶片的干物质和氮素积累速率也随产量水平递减逐渐降低; 抽穗至成熟阶段产量大于10.50 t/hm 2 的水稻品种，茎鞘和叶片的干物质和氮素转运贡献率比其他产量水平低，但穗部干物质和氮素增加量却比其他产量水平高。在满足氮肥群体最高生产力的施肥条件下，拔节至抽穗阶段叶片的干物质、氮素积累速率和产量呈极显著正相关（r=0.635, r=0.539），抽穗至成熟阶段叶片的干物质转运量与产量呈显著负相关（r=-0.360），而叶片的氮素转运量与产量呈显著正相关（r=0.333）。产量大于10.50 t/hm 2 的水稻品种叶片的干物质和氮素积累与转运比其他产量水平品种在抽穗后表现出明显的优势，穗部物质积累与氮素积累量较高。抽穗后在保持茎鞘适宜的物质和氮素积累量的基础上，提高叶片的物质和氮素积累，进一步加大穗部的物质和氮素积累，是获得高产的保障。

... 霍中洋等^[25]研究表明, 与产量较低群体相比, 产量较高群体具有花后茎鞘氮素转运量和转运率适中、以及较高的叶片氮素转运量、转运率和穗部氮素积累量 ...

2009

0.0

董桂春, 于小凤, 董燕萍, 李进前, 田昊, 周娟, 王云霞, 杨连新, 黄建晔, 王余龙. 不同库容量类型常规籼稻品种氮素吸收与分配的差异. 中国农业科学, 2009, 42: 3432-3441

Dong G

, Yu X

, Dong Y

, Li J

, Tian

, Zhou

, Wang Y

, Yang L

, Huang J

, Wang Y

A difference in nitrogen uptake and distribution in conventional indica rice cultivars with different sink-potentials.

Sci Agric Sin, 2009, 42: 3432-3441 (in Chinese with English abstract)

[目的] 研究不同库容量类型水稻品种氮素吸收与分配的差异,为大库容量类型品种的氮素遗传改良提供参考依据.[方法] 在群体水培条件下,以国内、外不同年代育成的常规籼稻代表品种(2001年为88个、2002年为122个)为材料,测定干物重(包括根系)、产量及其构成因素.氮素含量等,采用组内最小平方和的动态聚类方法将供试品种按库容量从低到高依次分为A、B、C、D、E、F 6类,研究各类品种氮素吸收与分配的基本特点.[结果] 供试品种闻库容量的差异很大(426%、817%).A、B、C、D、E、F类品种的平均库容量,2001年分别为426.37、642.53、 770.96、903.73、1064.32、1213.90 g·m-2,2002年分别为359.36、574.11、764.98、962.43、1 200.11、1 455.59 g·m-2;大库容量品种抽穗期全株含氮率较高、结实期全株含氮率下降幅度较大;大库容量类型品种吸氮能力强,抽穗后更明显,吸氮能力显著受到生育期与吸氮强度的影响,但吸氮强度的作用要大于生育期的作用;大库容量类型品种氮素在根中比例小、成熟期氮素在茎鞘叶中比例小、穗中氮素比例大、结实期茎鞘叶氮素运转量大;增加吸氮量,促进茎鞘叶中的氮素运转有利于库容量的提高.[结论] 大库容量类型品种吸氮能力特别是抽穗后的吸氮能力强,成熟期氮素在营养器官中比例小、穗中氮素比例大.结实期茎鞘叶氮素运转量大.

... 董桂春等^[26]研究表明, 氮素籽粒生产效率较高的品种具有灌浆结实期叶、茎鞘氮素转运量大、运转率高等特点 ...

2012

0.0

李敏, 张洪程, 马群, 杨雄, 李国业, 魏海燕, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲. 不同氮肥群体最高生产力类型粳稻品种的氮素吸收利用特性. 中国水稻科学, 2012, 26: 197-204

, Zhang H

, Ma

, Yang

, Li G

, Wei H

, Dai Q

, Huo Z

, Xu

Nitrogen absorption and utilization characteristics of japonica rice cultivars with different productivities at their optimum nitrogen levels.

Chin J Rice Sci, 2012, 26: 197-204 (in Chinese with English abstract)

... 李敏等^[27]研究发现, 较中等生产力类型, 高生产力品种花后茎叶氮素转运量和转运率均较高 ...

2003

0.0

王克如, 李少昆, 曹连莆. 新疆高产棉田氮磷钾吸收动态及模式初步研究. 中国农业科学, 2003, 36: 775-780

Wang K

, Li S

, Cao L

A preliminary study on dynamics and models of N, P, K absorption in high yield cotton in Xinjiang.

Sci Agric Sin, 2003, 36: 775-780 (in Chinese with English abstract)

兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室/石河子大学新疆作物高产研究中心

对 30 0 0kg·ha-1皮棉高产测定的结果表明 ,棉花叶片、茎枝、蕾铃中的氮、磷、钾含量随生育进程呈明显下降趋势 ,且下降幅度大于 2 0 0 0kg·ha-1对照产量棉田。整个生长期 ,叶片、蕾铃中氮的百分含量明显高于对照产量棉田 ,尤以果枝叶最明显 ;蕾铃中的磷和茎枝的钾百分含量高于对照棉田 ;棉株群体中氮、磷、钾的积累可用Lo gistic曲线方程表达 ,拟合良好。养分吸收最快的时间 :氮约在出苗后 90d ,磷在 92d ,钾则偏早 ,约在出苗后 85d。在 30 0 0kg·ha-1皮棉高产条件下 ,棉株从土壤中吸收的氮、磷、钾分别为 385 .8、2 44 .7和 34 0 .3kg。每生产 10 0kg皮棉和相应的茎叶需吸收氮 12 .5kg、磷 8.0kg和钾 11.1kg。

... 且近几年对玉米和棉花等作物氮素吸收动态都直接采用Logistic模型进行拟合^[28,29] ...

2003

0.0

宋海星, 李生秀. 玉米生长量、养分吸收量及氮肥利用率的动态变化. 中国农业科学, 2003, 36: 71-76

Song H

, Li S

Dynamics of nutrient accumulation in maize plants under different water and N supply conditions.

Sci Agric Sin, 2003, 36: 71-76 (in Chinese with English abstract)

在不同水、氮供应条件下 ,研究了玉米干物质累积、养分吸收及氮肥利用率的变化动态。结果表明 ,植株干物质和养分吸收量 ,随生育期延长而持续增加 ,变化动态可用S曲线方程拟合。对干物质和养分累积方程求导 ,得到了干物质累积和养分吸收速率。玉米生长期间干物质累积速率前期上升快 ,至高峰后缓慢下降。在氮、磷、钾三要素中 ,氮、钾吸收速率高 ,上升快 ,下降也快 ;磷吸收速率低 ,上升慢 ,下降亦慢。养分最大吸收速率出现的时间 ,钾最早 ,氮次之 ,磷最晚 ,但均早于干物质最大累积速率出现时间。氮肥利用率与干物质累积、养分吸收速率有类似变化趋势 ;氮肥最高瞬时利用率与氮素最大吸收速率出现的时间基本一致。灌水明显提高了氮肥累积利用率和瞬时利用率 ;水分和氮素供应虽然增加了养分吸收速率和干物质累积速率 ,但未改变其变化趋势

... 且近几年对玉米和棉花等作物氮素吸收动态都直接采用Logistic模型进行拟合^[28,29] ...

2002

0.0

杨京平, 姜宁, 陈杰. 水稻吸氮量和干物质积累的模拟试验研究. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2002, 8: 318-324

Yang J

, Jiang

, Chen

The validation of modeling effects of different nitrogen levels on the leaf nitrogen and yield dynamic of rice.

Plant Nutr Fert Sci, 2002, 8: 318-324 (in Chinese with English abstract)

This paper described the soil nitrogen and fertilizer nitrogen effects on the rice ( Oryza sativa L.) growth in different stages and how about the rice absorbs the nitrogen process and nitrogen distribution in the organs. By means of the rice growth simulation model ORYZA, combined with the field experiments and water tank plots, the model and nitrogen dynamic modules for rice were tested and validated. The modeling results presented a reasonable fitness with the real measured results on the biological yield, economic yield, leaf nitrogen content and total nitrogen of rice. The relationship co-efficiency between the modeling and measured figures for the biological yield, economic yield, leaf nitrogen and total nitrogen of rice were r=0.9889;r=0.9922;r=0.9597; r=0.9234 respectively. The results indicated that the rice model and nitrogen modules can predicted the actual rice growth and nitrogen accumulation and distribution dynamics in two rice varieties.

本文描述了土壤氮和肥料氮素对水稻不同时期生长的影响及水稻对氮素吸收和在各组织器官的分布模式 ,借助水稻生长模型ORYZA - 0 ,通过田间和水槽的氮肥试验结果对水稻模型和氮素动态模块进行了验证。结果表明 ,模型模拟的水稻生物量、产量、叶片吸氮量和地上部吸氮量与实测值呈明显的正相关 ,其相关系数分别为 :生物量r=0.9889;产量r =0.9992 ;叶片吸氮量r =0.9597;地上部吸氮量r =0.9234。模拟生物量、产量和实测的生物及产量的相关性较高 ;而对叶片吸氮量、地上部吸氮量的模拟值与实测值的相关性稍低一些。但总体来看 ,该模型不仅能较准确地模拟水稻生长动态 ,而且可以模拟水稻氮吸收和积累的行为动态

... 杨京平等^[30]借助水稻生长模型Oryza-0较好地模拟了水稻氮吸收和积累动态 ...

2014

0.0

龚金龙, 邢志鹏, 胡雅杰, 张洪程, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲, 魏海燕, 高辉. 籼、粳超级稻产量构成特征的差异研究. 核农学报, 2014, 28: 500-511

Gong J

, Xing Z

, Hu Y

, Zhang H

, Dai Q

, Huo Z

, Xu

, Wei H

, Gao

Studies on the difference of yield components characteristics between indica and japonica super rice.

J Nucl Agric Sci, 2014, 28: 500-511 (in Chinese with English abstract)

In order to reveal the difference of yield components characteristics between indica and japonica super rice, Field experiments were conducted by using five main representative super hybrid indica combinations and five conventional japonica super rice varieties in rice-wheat cropping regions. Grain yield and its components, dynamics of population stems and tillers, panicle characteristics and grain-filling properties were analyzed systematically. The results indicated that, grain yield, panicle numbers, total spikelets, setting percentage, storage capacity, total filling, ratio of productive tillers, grain density, ratio of No. of branches of primary branches to No. of branches of secondary branches, ratio of total grains of primary branches to total grains of secondary branches, No. of branches of primary branches per panicle, grains per branch of primary branches, total grains of primary branches per panicle, seed-setting rate of primary branches, seed-setting rate of secondary branches, the final weight of a kernel, the time reaching the maximum grain-filling rate, the weight of a kernel at the time of maximum grain-filling rate, active grain-filling period and effective grain-filling period of japonica rice were higher than indica rice, while spikelets per panicle, 1000-grain weight, panicle length, grain weight per panicle, No. of branches of secondary branches per panicle, grains per branch of secondary branches, total grains of secondary branches per panicle, initial grain-filling potential, maximum grain-filling rate and mean grain-filling rate followed an opposite tendency accordingly. However, no significant trend was observed for the ratio of the weight of a kernel at the time of maximum grain-filling rate to the final weight of a kernel between indica and japonica rice. Although the grain-filling processes of indica and japonica super rice were all asynchronous types, the phenomenon of two-stage grain-filling was more illustrious in indica rice. The grain-filling of indica rice started quickly and accumulated rapidly with short duration, declined fast in the end. The grain filling at the early, middle and late stage for inferior grains of japonica rice were higher than indica rice with the increasing range of 0.73%, 2.59%, 3.43%, respectively, which suggested that the advantages of japonica rice would go larger and larger with the advancement of grain-filling. The stable-increasing-stable-decreasing tendency of population stems and tillers, multi-panicles, rational panicle structure, high seed-setting rate, stable and long duration grain-filling and high quality grain-filling for the inferior grains at the later period of grain-filling were the key points of enlarging sink, promoting the enrichment, stable yield and high yield of japonica rice.

为阐明籼、粳超级稻产量构成特征的差异，以当地主体且具有代表性的5个超级杂交籼稻组合和5个常规粳型超级稻品种为试验材料，对稻-麦两熟制条件下籼、粳超级稻产量及其构成因素、群体茎蘖动态特征、穗部构成特征、灌浆特性等方面进行了系统的比较研究。结果表明：粳稻产量、穗数、群体颖花量、结实率、库容量、总充实量、茎蘖成穗率、着粒密度、一二次枝梗数比值、一二次枝梗总粒数比值、每穗一次枝梗数、一次枝梗单枝梗着粒数、每穗一次枝梗总粒数、一次枝梗结实率、二次枝梗结实率、米粒终极生长量、到达最大灌浆速率的时间、灌浆速率最大时的米粒重、活跃灌浆期和有效灌浆时间均高于籼稻；籼稻每穗粒数、千粒重、穗长、单穗粒重、每穗二次枝梗数、二次枝梗单枝梗着粒数、每穗二次枝梗总粒数、起始生长势、最大灌浆速率和平均灌浆速率则高于粳稻，灌浆速率最大时的米粒重占米粒终极生长量的百分率则表现趋势不明显。籼、粳超级稻均为异步灌浆型，但籼稻两段灌浆现象更为明显，且籼稻灌浆启动快、充实快、持续时间短、呈速起速降的态势。粳稻弱势粒灌浆前、中、后期的灌浆充实量较籼稻分别高0.73%、2.59%、3.43%，随着籽粒灌浆的持续，粳稻灌浆优势不断加大。群体茎蘖稳升稳降、有效成穗数多、穗部构成合理、结实率高、灌浆速度稳定且持续时间长以及灌浆后期弱势粒较高的灌浆质量是粳稻扩库、促充实、稳产高产的关键。

... 995), 且Richards模型在水稻籽粒灌浆拟合^[17,31]、干物质积累动态^[32]等方面都有较好的应用 ...

2010

0.0

李艳大, 汤亮, 陈青春, 张玉屏, 曹卫星, 朱艳. 水稻地上部干物质积累动态的定量模拟. 水稻地上部干物质积累动态的定量模拟. 应用生态学报, 2010, 21: 1504-1510

Li Y

, Tang

, Chen Q

, Zhang Y

, Cao W

, Zhu

Dry matter accumulation in rice aboveground part quantitative simulation.

Chin J Appl Ecol, 2010, 21: 1504-1510 (in Chinese with English abstract)

A field experiment with four rice ( Oryza sativa L.) cultivars and different nitrogen application rates was conducted, with the dry matter accumulation (DMA) in the cultivars aboveground part measured at their main growth stages. The dynamic model of relative dry matter accumulation (RDMA) was established with the normalized DMA and TEP (product of thermal effectiveness and PAR) from emergence to maturity, and the temporal characteristics of DMA changes was quantitatively analyzed based on the RDMA model. The dynamic changes of the RDMA could be well described with Richards equation, i.e ., RDMA =1.0157/(1+e 3.6329-7.5907×RTEP ) 1/0.5574 ( r =0.9938). The model was validated with independent field experiment datasets, involving different eco-sites, cultivars, and nitrogen application rates. The RMSE (root mean square error) between the simulated and observed values of DMA at varied RTEP was 0.86 t·hm -2 . According to the two inflexion points of dry matter accumulation rate equation, the whole process of dry matter accumulation could be divided into early, middle, and late phases. The maximum dry matter accumulation rate ( AR max ), relative TEP at AR max , and relative dry matter accumulation at AR max were found to be 2.24, 0.56, and 0.46, respectively.

选用4个不同株型水稻品种进行不同施氮水平的田间试验，于主要生育期测定植株地上部干物质积累量（DMA），并对DMA及出苗至成熟期累积辐热积（TEP）进行归一化处理，建立了基于相对DMA（RDMA）和相对TEP（RTEP）的水稻相对干物质积累（RDMA）动态模型，进而定量分析了水稻干物质积累过程的动态特征.结果表明：Richards方程能够准确描述水稻地上部干物质积累的动态模式，具有明确的生物学意义，具体方程式为 RDMA =1.0157/(1+e 3,6329-7.5907×RTEP ) 1/0.5574 ， r =0.9938；利用独立的水稻田间试验资料对所建模型进行了检验，水稻不同RTEP所对应的DMA观测值与模拟值之间的根均方差为0.86 t·hm -2 .根据水稻地上部干物质积累速率方程的2个拐点，可将整个干物质积累过程划分为前、中和后期3个阶段，发现水稻干物质最大积累速率及其出现时的相对辐热积和相对干物质积累量分别为2.24、0.56和0.46.

... 995), 且Richards模型在水稻籽粒灌浆拟合^[17,31]、干物质积累动态^[32]等方面都有较好的应用 ...

2013

0.0

丁锦峰, 杨佳凤, 訾妍, 封超年, 朱新开, 李春艳, 彭永欣, 郭文善. 长江中下游稻茬小麦超高产群体磷素积累、分配与利用特性. 麦类作物学报, 2013, 33: 129-136

Ding J

, Yang J

, Zi

, Feng C

, Zhu X

, Li C

, Peng Y

, Guo W

Accumulation, distribution and utilization characteristics of phosphorus in super-high yield wheat population under rice stubble in middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

J Triticeae Crops, 2013, 33: 129-136 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Phosphorus is one of the essential nutrients for wheat production. It is very important to figure out what are the definite characteristics of accumulation, distribution and utilization of phosphorus in different wheat varieties, ecological environments, soil types or yield level populations, which have much theoretical and practical meaning to agricultural production. Using the medium gluten wheat Yangmai 20 as the material, a field experiment with different combinations of fertilizer and plant population was carried to investigate the accumulation, distribution and utilization characteristics of phosphorus in super high yield (9 000 kg·hm -2 ) wheat population in rice wheat cropping system. The main results were as follows: the phosphorus accumulation amount dynamics under different yield levels population could be modeled using Richards equation. In super high yield wheat population, phosphorus accumulation amount (PAA) at the stages from jointing to anthesis and from anthesis to maturity, at anthesis and at maturity were significantly higher than that in high yield wheat population. For super high yield wheat, the corresponding population PAA was 28 kg hm -2 from jointing to anthesis, 22 kg·hm -2 from anthesis to maturity, 46 kg·hm -2 at anthesis and 68 kg·hm -2 at maturity or above, respectively. The period with the highest phosphorus absorption of super high yield wheat population was from jointing to anthesis, and then from anthesis to maturity. PAA in stem and spike at anthesis, and in rachis and hull and grain at maturity were linear correlation with grain yield. PAA was 28 kg·hm -2 in stem and 8 kg·hm -2 in spike at anthesis, and 9 kg·hm -2 in rachis and hull and 45 kg·hm -2 in grain at maturity or above, respectively, which was better to realize the super high yield. The phosphorus translocation amount from leaf to grain was negatively correlated with grain yield. The phosphorus translocation amount from stem to grain was positively correlated with grain yield. The phosphorus translocation amount was below 9 kg·hm -2 from leaf and above 15 kg·hm -2 from stem, respectively, which was better to realize the super high yield. For super high yield wheat population, the phosphorus amount to produce 100 kg of grain, phosphorus use efficiency and phosphorus harvest index was 0.84～0.88 kg, 113.60～118.93 kg·kg -1 and 0.64～0.67, respectively.

为给长江中下游稻茬小麦超高产（＞9 000 kg·hm -2 ）生产提供理论依据，以中筋小麦新品种扬麦20为材料，通过氮素运筹（氮肥使用量、施用时期和比例）和基本苗调控建立稻茬小麦不同产量水平群体，研究超高产小麦群体磷素积累、分配与利用特性。结果表明，不同产量水平小麦群体整个生育期磷素积累动态变化均可采用Richards方程拟合。超高产群体拔节期至开花期、开花期至成熟期、开花期、成熟期磷素积累量分别达28、22、46、68 kg·hm -2 ，显著或极显著高于高产群体。超高产群体磷素吸收高峰出现在拔节期至开花期，其次为开花期至成熟期。开花期茎鞘、穗及成熟期颖壳+穗轴、籽粒中磷素积累量与籽粒产量呈极显著正相关，分别达21、8、9和45 kg·hm -2 以上才有利于实现超高产。花后叶片磷素转运量与籽粒产量呈显著线性负相关，茎鞘磷素转运量与籽粒产量呈极显著线性正相关，叶片磷素转运量低于9 kg·hm -2 ，茎鞘磷素转运量高于15 kg·hm -2 才有利于实现超高产。超高产群体百公斤籽粒吸磷量为0.84～0.88 kg，磷素利用效率为113.60～118.93 kg·kg -1 ，磷收获指数为0.64～0.67。

... 丁锦峰等^[33]利用Richards模型拟合了小麦全生育期积累动态 ...

2008

0.0

郭文琦, 张思平, 陈兵林, 周治国. 水氮运筹对棉花花后生物量和氮素利用率的影响. 西北植物学报, 2008, 28: 2270-2277

Guo W

, Zhang S

, Chen B

, Zhou Z

Effects of different water and nitrogen application on biomass and nutrients accumulation and nitrogen fertilization recovery rate of cotton after anthesis.

Acta Bot Boreali-Occident Sin, 2008, 28: 2270-2277 (in Chinese with English abstract)

在池栽和大田条件下,以'美棉33B'为材料,研究不同水分(自然降水、自然降水+灌水)和氮素(0、240、480 kgN/hm2)运筹下棉花花后生物量和养分累积及氮素利用率动态变化特征.结果表明:施氮使棉花(整株、营养器官、生殖器官)生物量和养分快速累积期持续时间缩短、最大累积速率增大且出现时间提前、累积量及皮棉产量增加.灌水使240 kgN/hm2处理棉花(整株、营养器官、生殖器官)生物量和养分快速累积期持续时间缩短、最大累积速率出现时间提前、最大累积速率和累积量增大、氮素累积利用率和产量提高;而使480 kgN/hm2处理棉花营养器官生物量和养分快速累积期持续时间延长、最大累积速率出现时间推迟、生物量和养分最大累积速率及累积量增大、氮素累积利用率提高,而生殖器官相应指标呈降低趋势;灌水对不施氮处理棉花生物量和养分累积各项特征参数影响较小.营养器官生物量和氮磷钾最大累积速率出现时间较生殖器官早23 d左右,而快速累积期持续时间长于生殖器官11 d左右.研究发现,水分和氮素运筹可通过影响棉花生物量和养分累积的动态特征参数来影响棉花生长,进而影响最终产量品质形成;在本实验条件下,以灌水的240 kgN/hm2处理棉花的生长特征参数最为协调,皮棉产量和氮素利用率最高,品质较优.

... 郭文琦等^[34]采用Logistic模型拟合了棉花花后氮、磷、钾积累动态 ...

2011

0.0

章明清, 李娟, 孔庆波, 姚宝全, 颜明娟, 林琼. 水稻根长增长和养分吸收动态及其模拟模型. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2011, 17: 554-562

Zhang M

, Li

, Kong Q

, Yao B

, Yan M

, Lin

Dynamics of rice root length and nutrient uptake and their simulation models.

Plant Nutr Fert Sci, 2011, 17: 554-562 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Water culture and field experiments were conducted to study the dynamoics of rice root growth and nutrient uptake. Root growth model, NPK in unit root surface area uptake velocity model and NPK cumulative uptake model were set up for rice in fitting its one growth period based on the improved relative modes for vegetable. In gernaeral, six root length growth models and eighteen NPK uptake velocity models and thirty-six NPK uptake dynamic models are all at the statistic significance levels. The results show that the dynamic characteristics of rice root length and NPK uptake present “S” type in one growth period, while NPK uptakes velocity on root surface increase rapidly in growth prophase and reach thier maximum values, and then have exponential decreases afterwards. The results of the water culture erperiment show that the times of maximum root length increased velocity and maximum root length are 68.8±5.4 days and 108.4±3.9 days respectively in 120 days growth period, and their differences are little among rice cultivars. The maximum root length increased velocity and maximum root length are 4531.5±1529.4 cm/( pot?d) and 2.8931±0.6237×105 cm/pot respectively, and their differences are obvious among the cultivars. Field erperiments show that NPK uptake velocities in rice almost are in a similar trend under different fertilization treatments. NPK uptake velocities in rice reach their marximum values at 50th~60th day after the transplanting. But the marximum uptake capacities for NPK present near maturity. These results provide a scientical base for nutrient management in middle and anaphase of rice growth.

采用溶液培养和田间试验研究水稻根长增长和氮磷钾吸收动态。在改进蔬菜根长和养分吸收动态模型基础上，建立了适用于一个生长周期的水稻根长增长模型、单位根表面积氮磷钾吸收速率模型及其累积吸收动态模型。6个根长增长模型和18个根表氮磷钾吸收速率模型以及36个氮磷钾吸收动态模型的模拟效果达统计显著水平。结果表明，随着种植时间的推移，水稻根长增长和氮磷钾累积吸收量在整个生育期呈现“S”型特征；根表养分吸收速率在生长前期随种植时间迅速提高并达到最大值，过后则按指数规律下降。溶液培养试验看出，生育期120 d水稻最大根长增长速率和最大根长分别为播种后（68.8±5.4）d和（108.4±3.9）d，品种间差异很小；最大根长增长速率和根长则为（4531.5±1529.4）cm/( pot?d)和 (2.8931± 0.6237)×105 cm/pot，品种间差异较大。田间试验看出，不同施肥处理的氮磷钾吸收速率基本同步，早晚稻插秧后约50~60 d根系养分吸收能力达到峰值，临近成熟时养分吸收量达到高峰。研究结果为水稻中后期养分管理提供了科学依据。

... 章明清等^[35]报道了杂交籼稻根系吸收氮、磷、钾的动态模拟模型, 结果表明, 水稻根系吸收氮、磷、钾的积累吸收量在整个生育期呈“ ...

... 章明清等^[35]研究表明, 早稻和晚稻在栽后50~60 d根系氮、磷、钾养分吸收能力达到峰值, 且早稻和晚稻根系最大养分吸收量的时间均出现在生育后期 ...

2011

0.0

陈洁, 汤亮, 刘小军, 曹卫星, 朱艳. 水稻植株氮素吸收与籽粒蛋白质积累模型. 中国农业科学, 2011, 44: 1997-2004

Chen

, Tang

, Liu X

, Cao W

, Zhu

Modeling plant nitrogen uptake and grain protein accumulation in rice.

Sci Agric Sin, 2011, 44: 1997-2004 (in Chinese with English abstract)

... 陈洁等^[36]以两优培九、武育粳3号和武香粳14为试材, 研究水稻植株氮素吸收特征表明, 花前叶片和茎中的相对氮含量随播后生长度日线性增加 ...