耐低氮烟草基因型的筛选及其氮效率类型

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钟思荣, 陈仁霄, 陶瑶, 龚丝雨, 何宽信, 张启明, 张世川, 刘齐元. . 耐低氮烟草基因型的筛选及其氮效率类型. 作物学报, 2017, 43(7): 993-1002
ZHONG Si-Rong, CHEN Ren-Xiao, TAO Yao, GONG Si-Yu, HE Kuan-Xin, ZHANG Qi-Ming, ZHANG Shi-Chuan, LIU Qi-Yuan. . Screening of Tobacco Genotypes Tolerant to Low-Nitrogen and Their Nitrogen Efficiency Types. ACTA AGRONOMICA SINICA, 2017, 43(7): 993-1002 复制到剪切板

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作物学报编辑部

耐低氮烟草基因型的筛选及其氮效率类型

钟思荣¹, 陈仁霄², 陶瑶¹, 龚丝雨¹, 何宽信², 张启明², 张世川¹, 刘齐元^1,^*

¹江西农业大学农学院 / 作物生理生态与遗传育种教育部重点实验室 / 江西省作物生理生态与遗传育种重点实验室, 江西南昌330045

²江西省烟叶科学研究所, 江西南昌330045

^*通讯作者(Corresponding author): 刘齐元, E-mail: qiyuanl@126.com

第一作者联系方式: E-mail: 281720102@qq.com

收稿日期:2016-11-09 接受日期:2017-01-21 网络出版日期:2017-02-17

基金:本研究由江西省烟草专卖局科技项目(201401001)资助

摘要

筛选耐低氮及氮高效的烟草基因型是提高氮素利用效率, 减少氮污染的一种有效途径。本文采用营养液培养方法,以低氮(0.5 mmol L^-1)和正常氮(5.0 mmol L^-1)处理74个烟草基因型幼苗, 通过指标统计、因子分析、聚类分析来确定评价指标, 并筛选出耐低氮基因型。不同基因型烟草的根系体积、根系生物量、茎叶氮累积量、地上部生物量变异明显, 低氮和正常氮处理的变异系数分别为0.37~0.68和0.38~0.64。两种氮水平下的主成分基本相似, 并表明茎叶氮累积量和地上部生物量起主要作用。根据评价指标的Heatmap聚类和氮效率综合值散点图分析结果, 筛选出15个耐低氮基因型, 占供试材料的20.3%, 其中8个属于低氮高效正常氮低效型, 6个属于低氮低效正常氮低效型, 1个属于低氮高效正常氮高效型; 还筛选出8个低氮敏感基因型, 其中6个属于低氮低效正常氮高效型, 2个属于低氮低效正常氮低效型。初步确定14P9为耐低氮且氮高效基因型, 中烟100和K394为低氮敏感且氮低效基因型。

关键词: 烟草; 基因型; 苗期; 氮素; 氮高效

Screening of Tobacco Genotypes Tolerant to Low-Nitrogen and Their Nitrogen Efficiency Types

ZHONG Si-Rong¹, CHEN Ren-Xiao², TAO Yao¹, GONG Si-Yu¹, HE Kuan-Xin², ZHANG Qi-Ming², ZHANG Shi-Chuan¹, LIU Qi-Yuan^1,^*

¹ Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education / Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding of Jiangxi Province / College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China

²Jiangxi Leaf Tobacco Research Institute, Nanchang 330045, China

Fund:This study was supported by the Jiangxi Provincial Tobacco Monopoly Bureau of Science and Technology Project (201401001).

Abstract

Genotypes with tolerance to low nitrogen (N) are preferred in improving N use efficiency of tobacco and reduce nitrogen pollution. In this study, seedlings of 74 tobacco genotypes were evaluated in a hydroponic experiment with low-N (0.5 mmol L-1) and normal-N (5.0 mmol L^-1) treatments, and the genotypes were evaluated according to descriptive statistics, factor analysis and cluster analysis. The root volume, root biomass, N accumulation in stalk and leaf, and aboveground biomass varied greatly across genotypes with the variation coefficients of 0.37-0.68 in low-N treatment and 0.38-0.64 in normal-N treatment. The principal components under both N levels were similar, showing that the N accumulation in stalk and leaf and aboveground biomass were important components. According to evaluation indexes Heatmap clustering and scatter diagram analysis of N efficiency comprehensive value, 15 low-N tolerant genotypes were screened out, accounting for 20.3% of varieties tested, including eight genotypes of high-efficiency under low-N but low-efficiency under normal-N, six genotypes of low-efficiency under both low-N and normal-N, and one genotype of high-efficiency under both low-N and normal-N. In addition, eight genotypes were found to be sensitive to low-N, including six genotypes of low-efficiency under low-N but high-efficiency under normal-N and two genotypes of low-efficiency under both low-N and normal-N. We primarily identified 14P9 as the low-N tolerant and N-efficient tobacco and Zhongyan 100 and K394 as the low-N sensitive and N-inefficient tobacco.

Keyword: Tobacco; Genotype; Seedling stage; Nitrogen; High nitrogen efficiency

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氮素是影响烟草生长发育、产量及品质最重要的营养元素^{[1, 2]}, 我国烟草种植面积位居世界前列, 但氮肥利用率低于世界平均水平^[3], 农田氮肥的损失, 不仅会降低农业经济效益, 还会造成氮污染^[4], 制约农业可持续发展。不同基因型烟草的耐低氮能力及氮效率存在一定的差异^[5], 通过选育高产优质的耐低氮烟草品种, 充分挖掘作物自身的基因潜力, 是提高氮素利用效率的一种有效途径。一般耐低氮作物在氮素养分浓度低时仍然具有保持正常生长的能力, 生物学产量与正常供氮条件下接近^[6]。用低氮与正常氮条件下某些指标相对值表示其耐低氮能力, 可将品种分为耐低氮、中间型和低氮敏感3类。氮效率是指特定供氮条件下的作物产量, 可表示为同等供氮条件下吸氮量, 也可用单位吸收氮素所产生的干物质表示^[7], 是品种间指标比较的绝对值, 在同一氮水平下可将品种分为氮高效和氮低效两类。评价作物耐低氮能力及氮效率的指标很多, 如SPAD值^{[8, 9]}、硝酸还原酶活性^[10]、谷氨酸合成酶活性^[11]、植株生物产量和含氮量^[12]、地上部干物重和地上部吸氮量^[13]等, 但至今还没有公认一致的。梁景霞等^[14]以低氮下的相对生物量作为筛选指标对36个烟草材料耐低氮能力进行了评价; 杨中义等^[15]研究了5个烟草品种的苗期根系, 认为根数、总根长等可以作为苗期耐低氮的筛选指标。但以上研究采用的品种较少。目前对大量烟草基因型耐低氮筛选的报道较少, 且大部分研究仅考虑耐低氮性而不考虑自身氮效率, 不利于筛选出符合生产需要的耐低氮烟草基因型。

烟草是以收获叶片为主要目的的经济作物, 幼苗期氮素营养特性与大田期具有一致性^[16], 依据苗期的氮素营养特征来反映该基因型的真实氮营养特性具有可行性。本文采用营养液培养及指标统计、因子分析和聚类热图分析, 旨在为耐低氮、氮高效烟草基因型的筛选提供方法和理论依据。

1 材料与方法

1.1 试验材料

共74份烟草材料, 由国家农作物种质资源平台烟草种质资源子平台(山东青岛)提供47份。

1.2 试验方法

参考烟草^[15]和棉花^[17]的氮素研究处理, 根据前期预试验调整后确定处理浓度。采用漂浮育苗, 在完全营养液中培养至四叶一心时, 挑选同一品种长势一致的烟苗进行营养液培养, 设置低氮(0.5 mmol L^-1 N, 0.25 mmol L^-1 NH₄NO₃)和正常氮(5.0 mmol L^-1 N, 2.5 mmol L^-1 NH₄NO₃)处理, 其他营养成分浓度相同, 分别是1.0 mmol L^-1 KH₂PO₄、2.4 mmol L^-1 K₂SO₄、5.0 mmol L^-1CaCl₂、2.0 mmol L^-1 MgSO₄、3.7× 10^-2 mmol L^-1 Fe-EDTA、4.6× 10^-2mmol L^-1 H₃BO₄、9.0 μ mol L^-1 MnCl₂、7.65× 10^-1 μ mol L^-1 ZnSO₄、3.2× 10^-1 μ mol L^-1 CuSO₄、1.6× 10^-2 μ mol L^-1 (NH₄)₆MO₇O₂₄。烟苗等间距定植, 重复3次, 每重复6株。采用母液稀释法配制水培营养液, 并将培养液pH调至6.0± 0.1。培养中一周更换2次营养液, 并以充气泵连续通气。试验期间未见病虫害, 低氮和正常氮处理21 d后, 考察烟苗农艺性状。

1.3 调查项目及方法

采用便携式SPAD-502叶绿素仪进行测量每个品种的烟草植株第2片完全展开叶SPAD值(叶绿素相对值), 每片叶测量10个点, 取平均值, 每个品种测量3株取平均值。在定植孔中取出处理后的烟苗, 尽量保留完整的根系, 调查烟株的株高、茎粗、根体积, 每个材料重复3次。用纱布擦干净表面后分别测定茎、叶的鲜重量。随机取每个品种的苗期3株, 在茎基部切断, 分别在105℃下杀青30 min, 80℃下烘干至恒重, 冷却至室温后称量地上部及根系生物量取平均值。按文献[18]取烘干后的地上部粉碎, 过60目筛, 称取0.5000 g粉末, 于消化管中, 加5 g混合催化剂(CuSO₄∶ K₂SO₄=1∶ 9)及10 mL浓H₂SO₄, 轻摇混匀后消煮1 h, 用FOSS凯氏定氮仪测定氮含量。

茎叶氮积累量=茎叶生物量× 茎叶氮含量

耐低氮指标相对值=低氮下性状测定值/正常氮性状测定值

1.4 氮效率综合值计算及分类方法

采用隶属函数法将评价指标计算为氮效率综合值^{[19, 20]}来代表不同供氮条件下不同基因型的氮素营养状况。公式为Y_ij = (X_ij - X_j_min)/(X_j_max - X_j_min), 式中, Y_ij表示第i品种第j评价指标的氮效率隶属函数值; X_ij表示第i品种第j评价指标的测定值; X_j_min、X_j_max分别表示第j评价指标的最小值和最大值。采用客观赋权法计算权重, 公式为E_j = C_j /∑ C_j, 式中E_j表示j评价指标的权重; C_j表示第j评价指标的变异系数。氮效率综合值D = [∑ (Y_ij × E_j )]/2。参考在谷子^[21]、水稻^[22]、甘蔗^[23]上的分类方法划分苗期氮素营养类型。

1.5 数据分析方法

用Microsoft Excel 2007和SPSS 19.0统计分析, 采用独立样本t测验检验低氮与正常氮性状指标均值, 采用最大方差法正交旋转得出主成分因子。采用Heml 1.0 Heatmap Illustrator进行聚类热图分析, 用Origin7.5绘制散点图。

2 结果与分析

2.1 烟草苗期主要农艺性状

表1表明, SPAD值、茎叶氮素含量、地上部生物量、茎叶氮累积量、叶鲜重、茎鲜重、株高、茎粗的极值和均值在低氮胁迫条件下均显著低于正常氮条件下, 并且在低氮条件下植株大小以及叶片黄化程度不同, 说明苗期以0.5 mmol L^-1氮浓度作为低氮胁迫的筛选压力是合理的。不同供氮条件下各指标的均值比最大的是茎叶氮累积量, 其次是茎鲜重和地上部生物量, 均值比分别为2.39、1.94和1.72, 说明茎叶氮累积量、茎鲜重和地上部生物量在不同供氮条件下差异较大。而根系体积在低氮胁迫下极值和均值大于正常氮水平下, 均值是正常供氮下的1.26倍, 根系生物量的极值和均值在不同供氮条件下比较相近, 表明在氮素胁迫下烟苗容易形成更大的根系。在低氮胁迫下, 变异系数为根系体积> 根系生物量> 茎鲜重> 茎叶氮积累量> 地上部生物量> 株高> 叶鲜重> 茎叶氮素含量> 茎粗> SPAD值, 变异系数范围为0.11~0.68, 表明在低氮胁迫下, 根系体积、根系生物量、茎鲜重、茎叶氮积累量、地上部生物量等指标灵敏度高, 有利于不同基因型差异的显示。正常供氮条件下变异系数为根系体积> 根系生物量> 茎叶氮累积量> 地上部生物量> 茎鲜重> 株高> 茎粗> SPAD值> 茎叶氮素含量, 变异系数范围为0.09~0.64, 表明根系体积、根系生物量、茎叶氮累积量、地上部生物量在正常氮条件下灵敏度高, 基本与低氮条件下类似。初步说明根系体积、根系生物量、茎叶氮累积量、地上部生物量可以作为不同基因型烟草耐低氮的筛选指标。

表1 不同供氮水平下烟草苗期性状指标的变化 Table 1 Changes of indicators in tobacco seedlings under different nitrogen levels

2.2 烟草主要农艺性状因子分析

表2显示, 在低氮条件下可以提取3个主成分, 总解释方差为79.096%, 第1主成分的方差贡献率为48.002%, 第2、第3主成分方差贡献率分别为19.620%和11.474%, 第1主成分主要由茎叶氮积累量、地上部生物量、叶鲜重、茎鲜重、茎粗决定。在正常氮条件下可以提取2个主成分, 总解释方差为72.481%, 第1主成分方差贡献率为58.066%, 第2主成分为14.414%, 第1主成分主要由茎叶氮累积量、地上部生物量、茎粗、根体积、叶鲜重、茎鲜重、根干重决定。根据各主成分的贡献率情况, 说明在不同供氮条件下茎叶氮累积量和地上部生物量最能代表不同基因型烟草对氮素的响应状况。

表2 方差极大正交旋转因子载荷矩阵 Table 2 Loading matrix of varimax rotation factors

2.3 耐低氮烟草基因型的筛选

根据烟草苗期性状指标的描述统计和因子分析结果, 确定茎叶氮累积量和地上部生物量作为烟草苗期耐低氮评价指标。通过对不同基因型烟草在低氮和正常氮条件下的地上部生物量和茎叶氮累积量的相对值分析(表3), 地上部生物量相对值的变幅为0.19~0.98, 均值为0.60, 其中K394地上部生物量相对值最小, 为0.19, Ti245地上部生物量相对值最大, 为0.98。茎叶氮累积量相对值的变幅为0.15~1.01, 均值0.45, 其中K394茎叶氮累积量相对值最小, 为0.15, Oxford 2028茎叶氮累积量相对值最大, 为1.01。以地上部生物量和茎叶氮累积量的相对值作为指标, 采用平方欧式距离法对74个烟草基因型进行聚类热图分析, 用颜色变化梯度可以直观地反映数据的大小及差异(图1)。经过分析可知, 地上部生物量相对值普遍大于茎叶氮累积量相对值; 3个基因型96019、Oxford 2028和MSKCH1的2个相对值均较大。由聚类分析结果可以将不同基因型分成5类, 第I类8个品种(分别为Coker 176、岩烟97、云烟317、CV87、NordelB、CB1、K394和中烟100)表现为地上部相对生物量和茎叶氮相对累积量均较小; 第II类3个品种(96019、Oxford 2028、MSKCH1)表现为地上部相对生物量和茎叶氮相对累积量均较大; 第III类12个品种(编号分别为Coker 347、云烟105、云烟2号、鲁烟2号、Ti245、HY06、14P4、14P18、C151、14P9、14P10和云烟98)表现为地上部相对生物量较大茎叶氮相对累积量中等; 第IV类9个品种(安选4号、闽烟3号、中烟98、86-3002、云选2号、14P5、净叶黄、单育2号和K346)表现为地上部相对生物量中等茎叶氮相对累积量较小; 第V类42个品种(除前4类外的其他品种)表现为地上部相对生物量和茎叶氮相对累积量均中等。综合分析, 第I类8个基因型属于低氮敏感品种, 第II类和第III类共15个基因型属于耐低氮品种。

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	图1 不同基因型烟草指标相对值聚类图Fig. 1 Heatmap clustering for relative indicatiors in different tobacco genotypes

表3 不同供氮条件下烟草苗期地上部生物量和茎叶氮积累量相对值 Table 3 Relative values of aboveground biomass and stalk leaf nitrogen accumulation under different nitrogen levels at seedling stage

2.4 不同供氮条件下烟草苗期氮效率综合值分析

以茎叶氮累积量和地上部生物量作为烟草苗期氮效率评价指标, 通过隶属函数综合分析, 复合运算得到不同基因型在低氮和正常氮条件下的氮效率综合值来评价不同基因型烟草氮效率的优劣。由表4可知, 在低氮条件下, 氮效率综合值均值为0.199, 其中MSB47最小, 为0.01, 14P9最大, 为0.49。在正常供氮条件下, 氮效率综合值均值为0.192, 其中Ti245最小, 为0.01, Coker 176最大, 为0.50。

利用不同烟草基因型在低氮和正常供氮条件下的氮效率综合值进行散点作图, 并将不同基因型分成4类(图2), 即低氮低效正常氮高效型(类型I), 低氮高效正常氮高效型(类型II), 低氮低效正常氮低效型(类型III), 低氮高效正常氮低效型(类型IV)。其中类型III烟草品种较多, 占60.8%, 类型IV其次, 占16.2%, 类型I、类型II烟草品种较少, 分别占12.2%和10.8%。前述聚类分析结果中的15个耐低氮品种有8个属于低氮高效正常氮低效型, 占53.3%, 6个属于低氮低效正常氮低效型, 占40.0%, 只有14P9属于低氮高效正常氮高效型, 占0.7%; 8个低氮敏感品种中有6个属于低氮低效正常氮高效型, 占75%, 2个品种中烟100和K394属于低氮低效正常氮低效型, 占25.0%。初步得出14P9属于耐低氮、氮高效基因型, 中烟100和K394属于低氮敏感、氮低效基因型。

表4 不同供氮条件下烟草苗期氮效率综合值 Table 4 Nitrogen efficiency comprehensive value under different nitrogen levels at seedling stage of tobacco

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	图2 不同供氮水平下不同基因型烟草氮效率综合值散点图Fig. 2 Scatter map of nitrogen efficiency comprehensive value in tobacco genotypes under different nitrogen levels

3 讨论

20世纪30年代Harvey首次报道不同玉米品种在氮素营养上存在差异^[24], 至今对不同基因型氮高效利用的研究已经在许多农作物上展开, 如水稻^[25]、小麦^[26]、玉米^[27]、黄瓜^[28]等。氮高效的作物品种主要从耐低氮性和高氮效率等方面选育。本文研究了74个烟草基因型在低氮和正常供氮条件下对氮素的响应状况, 与正常供氮相比, 低氮条件下的根系体积均值更大, 根系生物量则较接近, 可能是有些基因型在低氮胁迫下较多的光合产物被根系利用, 从而形成较大根系^[29]; 但低氮条件下的茎叶氮累积量、茎鲜重和地上部生物量的均值明显低于正常供氮条件下, 表明低氮会抑制植株地上部的生长^[30], 氮浓度提高对地上部的促进作用明显, 且容易累积较大比例的氮素, 这与王艳等^[31]的研究结果相似。低氮条件下的根系体积均值较大, 但茎叶氮累积量较少, 说明氮素累积量不仅依赖根系大小, 也与氮素吸收速率有关^[32]。不同供氮条件下根系体积、根系生物量、茎叶氮累积量、地上部生物量的变异系数均较大, 表明这4个指标能较好地体现不同基因型之间的差异, 而SPAD值、茎叶氮素含量、茎粗的变异系数最小, 说明这些指标对氮素的响应在基因型的差异上不敏感, 这与梁景霞等^[3]的研究结果一致。因子分析结果表明, 茎叶氮累积量和地上部生物量在主成分中占较大比重, 因此将茎叶氮累积量和地上部生物量作为耐低氮及氮高效的筛选指标是适合的, 这在小麦^{[33, 34]}、玉米^[35]、水稻^[36]等作物上也得到了证实。通过对筛选指标的相对值进行聚类热图分析和综合值散点图分析, 筛选出14P9为耐低氮、氮高效基因型, 中烟100和K394为低氮敏感、氮低效基因型, 为进一步了解不同烟草基因型氮素高效利用的生理机制及分子生物学的研究提供了材料。烟草耐贫瘠性与耐肥性农艺性状表现相反^[3], 即低氮敏感品种具有较强耐肥性。试验结果表明中烟100对低氮敏感, 且氮效率较低与黄元炯等^[5]在大田和盆栽的结果一致, 且与其在生产上较耐肥水、需重施基肥、早追肥的栽培特性一致^[37]; K394在生产上也耐肥水, 且品种适应性较弱^[38], 与其试验对低氮敏感、氮效率较低情况相符。14P9并非主栽品种, 其田间生产特性需进一步了解。

许多耐低氮的研究只考虑作物基因型对低氮的耐性, 没有结合基因型自身氮效率的优劣综合分析, 容易筛选出耐低氮能力强, 但在低氮和正常氮条件下氮效率均较低的基因型, 这显然不是氮营养高效基因型。而本实验研究的烟草基因型较多且有部分国外引进品种, 将基因型耐低氮能力与自身氮效率相结合分析, 有利于客观评价各基因型的氮素营养状况。

4 结论

在低氮和正常氮培养下, 以茎叶氮累积量和地上部生物量作为耐低氮和氮效率的评价指标比较合适; 依据指标相对值聚类热图和氮效率综合值的散点图筛选出14P9为耐低氮、氮高效基因型, 中烟100和K394为低氮敏感、氮低效基因型。

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

作者已声明无竞争性利益关系。The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

参考文献

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1996

0.0

... 氮素是影响烟草生长发育、产量及品质最重要的营养元素^[1,2], 我国烟草种植面积位居世界前列, 但氮肥利用率低于世界平均水平^[3], 农田氮肥的损失, 不仅会降低农业经济效益, 还会造成氮污染^[4], 制约农业可持续发展 ...

2015

0.0

2007

0.0

梁景霞, 梁康迳, 祁建民, 林文雄, 陈顺辉, 丘贵盛. 烟草不同基因型耐低氮能力差异评价. 植物遗传资源学报, 2007, 8: 451-455

Liang J

, Liang K

, Qi J

, Lin W

, Chen S

, Qiu G

. Evaluation of low nitrogen tolerance for different tobacco varieties. J Plant Genet Resour, 2007, 8: 451-455 (in Chinese with English abstract)

With the leaf weight per plant and nitrogen response index as the evaluating index,the low nitrogen tolerance for tobacco germplasms was evaluated,and the relationship between leaf weight per plant,nitrogen response index and main agronomic traits was analyzed.The results showed that most agronomic traits displayed significant differences among different tobacco genotypes under different N-fertilized levels,and most agronomic traits under low N-fertilized displayed the greatest genotypic differences.The difference of leaf weight per plant under different N-fertilized levels was larger than that of the other agronomic traits.Under different nitrogen applying levels,leaf weight per plant was positively correlated with the maximum leaf area and biomass per plant,response index of nitrogen for leaf weight per plant was positively associated with leaf weight per plant and biomass per plant,and the correlation between response index of nitrogen and leaf weight per plan,biomass per plant under low N-fertilized level were higher than that of moderate N-fertilized level.Among these tobacco varieties tested,Yongding 400,Jinyan 6,Hong-hua-da-jin-yuan,G 80 and Nc 82 had the stronger low nitrogen tolerance ability,which could be used as the tobacco varieties of high nitrogen utilization efficiency.

以单株叶重及其氮素反应指数作为耐低氮能力的评价指标,分析了烟草种质资源的耐低氮能力以及单株叶重及其氮素反应指数与主要农艺性状间的相关关系。结果表明,不同施氮水平下多数农艺性状基因型间差异较大,在低氮水平下表现最大;和其他农艺性状相比,单株叶重在不同氮素水平间平均差异最大。不同施氮水平下,单株叶重均与最大叶叶面积、单株生物量呈显著或极显著正相关;单株叶重的氮素反应指数与单株叶重、生物量呈显著或极显著正相关,且低氮水平下单株叶重的氮素反应指数与上述性状间的相关性比中氮水平下更为密切。在供试的36个烟草品种中,永定400号、金烟6号、红花大金元、G80、Nc82等烟草种质具有较强的耐低氮能力,可以作为氮高效的烟草品种利用。

... 不同供氮条件下根系体积、根系生物量、茎叶氮累积量、地上部生物量的变异系数均较大, 表明这4个指标能较好地体现不同基因型之间的差异, 而SPAD值、茎叶氮素含量、茎粗的变异系数最小, 说明这些指标对氮素的响应在基因型的差异上不敏感, 这与梁景霞等^[3]的研究结果一致 ...

... 烟草耐贫瘠性与耐肥性农艺性状表现相反^[3], 即低氮敏感品种具有较强耐肥性 ...

2014

0.0

巨晓棠, 谷保静. 我国农田氮肥施用现状、问题及趋势. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2014, 20: 783-795

Ju X

, Gu B

. Status-quo, problem and trend of nitrogen fertilization in China. J Plant Nutr Fert, 2014, 20: 783-795 (in Chinese with English abstract)

2013

0.0

黄元炯, 张生杰, 马永建, 杨铁钊. 不同烤烟品种(基因型)氮效率及耐低氮能力的差异. 烟草科技, 2013, (4): 71-77

Huang Y

, Zhang S

, Ma Y

, Yang T

. Differential analysis of nitrogen utilization and tolerance to low nitrogen level between flue-cured tobacco cultivars (genotypes). Tob Sci Tech, 2013, (4): 71-77 (in Chinese with English abstract)

以豫烟5号、豫烟6号、豫烟7号、中烟100烤烟品种为材料,研究了不同烤烟品种(基因型)氮效率及耐低氮能力的差异.结果表明:不同烤烟品种间氮效率及耐低氮能力差异显著,且低氮水平下表现出的差异最大.豫烟5号品种单株叶质量、氮素反应指数、干物质积累量、氮素积累量、氮效率均最高,中烟100品种均最低,说明豫烟5号品种具有较强的氮素吸收与积累能力,是氮高效品种,耐低氮能力强,属耐低氮的种质；中烟100为氮低效品种,耐低氮能力弱,属于不耐低氮的种质.

... 不同基因型烟草的耐低氮能力及氮效率存在一定的差异^[5], 通过选育高产优质的耐低氮烟草品种, 充分挖掘作物自身的基因潜力, 是提高氮素利用效率的一种有效途径 ...

... 试验结果表明中烟100对低氮敏感, 且氮效率较低与黄元炯等^[5]在大田和盆栽的结果一致, 且与其在生产上较耐肥水、需重施基肥、早追肥的栽培特性一致^[37] ...

2006

0.0

刘辉, 赵竹青. 植物氮营养高效基因型筛选指标研究进展. 安徽农业科学, 2006, 34: 3265-3267

Liu

, Zhao Z

. Research progress in the selecting stand ard of the plant genotype with nitrogen efficiency. J Anhui Agric Sci, 2006, 34: 3265-3267 (in Chinese with English abstract)

... 一般耐低氮作物在氮素养分浓度低时仍然具有保持正常生长的能力, 生物学产量与正常供氮条件下接近^[6] ...

2005

0.0

王进军, 黄瑞冬. 玉米氮效率及其研究进展. 玉米科学, 2005, 13(1): 89-92

Wang J

, Huang R

. Nitrogen use efficiency and its research advances in maize. J Maize Sci, 2005, 13(1): 89-92 (in Chinese with English abstract)

... 氮效率是指特定供氮条件下的作物产量, 可表示为同等供氮条件下吸氮量, 也可用单位吸收氮素所产生的干物质表示^[7], 是品种间指标比较的绝对值, 在同一氮水平下可将品种分为氮高效和氮低效两类 ...

2004

0.0

陈范骏, 米国华, 春亮, 刘建安, 王艳, 张福锁. 玉米氮效率的杂种优势分析. 作物学报, 2004, 30: 1014-1018

Chen F

, Mi G

, Chun

, Liu J

, Wang

, Zhang F

. Analysis of heterosis for nitrogen use efficiency in maize. Acta Agron Sin, 2004, 30: 1014-1018 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Based on selection of maize inbred lines with different nitrogen (N) use efficiency (NUE), the heterosis of NUE was analyzed and how to choose parents in the breeding for NUE was investigated by NC-II design. The results showed that, among the 72 crosses derived from 18 inbred lines, heterosis of se

在氮高效自交系筛选工作的基础上，利用NCⅡ设计进行了杂种优势分析，同时探讨了氮高效育种中亲本选配等问题。结果表明：以农大108在两个氮水平下的产量为对照，18个自交系组配的72个杂交组合中，在高氮(200 kg N·hm-2)条件下有7个组合优势超过对照10%，在低氮(不施氮)条件下有5个组合优势超过对照10%，而且氮高效杂交组合

... 评价作物耐低氮能力及氮效率的指标很多, 如SPAD值^[8,9]、硝酸还原酶活性^[10]、谷氨酸合成酶活性^[11]、植株生物产量和含氮量^[12]、地上部干物重和地上部吸氮量^[13]等, 但至今还没有公认一致的 ...

2005

0.0

徐福荣, 汤翠凤, 余藤琼, 严红梅, 周海, 李俊, 蒋会兵, 叶昌荣, 戴陆园. 利用叶绿素仪SPAD值筛选耐低氮水稻种质. 分子植物育种, 2005, 3: 695-700

Xu F

, Tang C

, Yu T

, Yan H

, Zhou

, Li

, Jiang H

, Ye C

, Dai L

. Screening of rice germplasms for tolerance to low-nitrogen using SPAD-value by chlorophyll meter. Mol Plant Breed, 2005, 3: 695-700 (in Chinese with English abstract)

2001

0.0

黄高宝, 张恩和, 胡恒觉. 不同玉米品种氮素营养效率差异的生态生理机制. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2001, 7: 293-297

Huang G

, Zhang E

, Hu H

. Eco-physiological mechanism on nitrogen use efficiency difference of corn varieties. J Plant Nutr Fert, 2001, 7: 293-297 (in Chinese with English abstract)

1992

0.0

1988

0.0

2002

0.0

向春阳, 常强, 马兴林, 关义新, 凌碧莹, 张宝石. 玉米不同基因型对氮营养胁迫的反应. 黑龙江八一农垦大学学报, 2002, 14(4): 5-7

Xiang C

, Chang

, Ma X

, Guan Y

, Ling B

, Zhang B

. Response to nitrogen stress on maize genotypes. J Heilongjiang Aug First Land Reclam Univ, 2002, 14(4): 5-7 (in Chinese with English abstract)

在低氮土壤上,对7个玉米基因型的氮胁迫反应进行了研究.结果表明,不同玉米基因型对氮胁迫反应存在明显的差异.在缺氮条件下,地上部干重、籽粒产量和吸氮量都呈下降趋势,但敏感基因型下降幅度比迟钝基因型大.耐低氮能力差的品种对氮肥反应敏感.试验鉴定出京科132和农大108不仅耐低氮能力强,而且在缺氮和正常供氮条件下,地上部干重和籽粒产量都较高,是进行玉米耐氮胁迫遗传育种研究的良好材料.

2007

0.0

梁景霞, 梁康迳, 林文雄, 祁建民, 陈顺辉, 丘贵盛. 烟草氮素营养的基因型差异初探. 中国烟草学报, 2007, 13(6): 36-40

Liang J

, Liang K

, Lin W

, Qi J

, Chen S

, Qiu G

. Primary study of genotypic differences in nitrogen nutrition in tobacco germplasms. Acta Tab Sin, 2007, 13(6): 36-40 (in Chinese with English abstract)

... 梁景霞等^[14]以低氮下的相对生物量作为筛选指标对36个烟草材料耐低氮能力进行了评价 ...

2011

0.0

杨中义, 张发明, 李永智, 肖志新, 李永亮, 刘莉莉, 宋鹏飞, 周冀衡. 不同烤烟品种对氮素胁迫响应差异的研究. 云南农业大学学报(自然科学版), 2011, 26: 240-245

Yang Z

, Zhang F

, Li Y

, Xiao Z

, Li Y

, Liu L

, Song P

, Zhou J

. Evaluation of low nitrogen stress for different tobacco varieties. J Yunnan Agric Univ(Nat Sci), 2011, 26: 240-245 (in Chinese with English abstract)

利用垂直平板培养技术评价了 K326,云烟85,NC82,RG11和红花大金元5个不同烤烟品种耐低氮能力。试验表明:①在低氮胁迫下烤烟根系的数量、总根长、干重、总吸收面积及活性均明显降低;烤烟总根数、总根长、根重、总吸收面积及根活力与烤烟总吸氮量之间呈显著正相关(P0.05);②不同烤烟品种对低氮胁迫的敏感性不同, 云烟85和K326对低氮胁迫较为敏感;红花大金元对低氮胁迫的适应性较强,属耐低氮基因型;③低氮胁迫下根数、总根长、根系总吸收面积、根系活力下降幅度及根系MDA含量的上升均可用作为烤烟早期筛选耐低氮品种的参考指标。

... 杨中义等^[15]研究了5个烟草品种的苗期根系, 认为根数、总根长等可以作为苗期耐低氮的筛选指标 ...

... 2 试验方法参考烟草^[15]和棉花^[17]的氮素研究处理, 根据前期预试验调整后确定处理浓度 ...

2015

0.0

刘巧真, 郭芳阳, 梁涛, 曹华民, 吴照辉, 闫小毛, 陈廷贵. 幼苗期不同烤烟品种对氮营养响应的差异研究. 湖北农业科学, 2015, 54: 2950-2953

Liu Q

, Guo F

, Liang

, Cao H

, Wu Z

, Yan X

, Chen T

. Study on response of different flue-cured tobacco to nitrogen nutrition at seedling stage. Hubei Agric Sci, 2015, 54: 2950-2953 (in Chinese with English abstract)

... 烟草是以收获叶片为主要目的的经济作物, 幼苗期氮素营养特性与大田期具有一致性^[16], 依据苗期的氮素营养特征来反映该基因型的真实氮营养特性具有可行性 ...

2011

0.0

韩璐, 张薇. 棉花苗期氮营养高效品种筛选. 中国农学通报, 2011, 27(1): 84-88

Han

, Zhang

. Screening of cotton varieties with high nitrogen efficiency at seedling stage. Chin Agric Bull, 2011, 27(1): 84-88 (in Chinese with English abstract)

This experiment was conducted to study the growing and Nitrogen (N) nutrition and to screen of the nitrogen high efficiency of 33 cotton varieties through water culturing. The experiment adopted H?C?АВДОНИН ingredient water culturing and installed two N levels (1 mmol/L and 5 mmol/L) ,and every level was three repetitions, analytic the total plant dry weight, N utilization index of total plant, N concentration of plant, the total plant weight, root-top ratio of different cotton varieties. Significant positive correlations (r=0.946**, N=33, P

以33个棉花品种（系）为材料，采用温室苗期水培方法，在低氮和正常供氮2个水平下，对耐低氮棉花基因型的筛选指标进行了分析，并对氮高效型品种进行了筛选。结果表明，相对整株干重与相对氮积累量呈极显著正相关（r=0.946**，N=33，P

... 2 试验方法参考烟草^[15]和棉花^[17]的氮素研究处理, 根据前期预试验调整后确定处理浓度 ...

2009

0.0

史宏志, 邸慧慧, 赵晓丹, 刘国顺, 马永建, 王维超, 段杰. 豫中烤烟烟碱和总氮含量与中性香气成分含量的关系. 作物学报, 2009, 35: 1299-1305

Shi H

, Di H

, Zhao X

, Liu G

, Ma Y

, Wang W

, Duan

. Relationship of nicotine and total nitrogen contents with neutral aroma components in flue-cured tobacco in central area of Henan province. Acta Agron Sin, 2009, 35: 1299-1305 (in Chinese with English abstract)

The flavor quality of tobacco is highly correlated with nicotine content, while the relationship between aroma components and nicotine content is unknown. The aroma constituents come from different precursors and contribute differently to aroma styles. A total of 27 Flue-cured tobacco samples were collected from full aroma tobacco growing areas to investigate the relationship of nicotine and total nitrogen contents with neutral volatile aroma component contents by GC/MS . Results showed that there existed significantly positive quadratic correlation relationship between nicotine, total nitrogen and carotenoid catabolite contents, with the maximum carotenoid catabolites contents at the nicotine content of 3.82%. In the range of nicotine contents from 1.28% to 3.92%, the contents of megastigmatrieonel 2, megastigmatrieonel 4, farnesyl acetone, dihydroactinidiolide, and geranyl acetone kept going up with increasing nicotine content. Significant positive quadratic correlation relationship also existed between nicotine, total nitrogen and solanone, the cembratriendiol catabolite, while the solanone content was highest at the nicotine content of 2.62% and the total nitrogen content of 2.77%, then decreased significantly. Only a very few Mallard reaction compounds had significant correlations with nicotine and total nitrogen. Aromatic amino acid catabolites, neophytadiene, and total amount of volatile aroma compounds had significant quadratic correlations with nicotine and total nitrogen contents, and at the nicotine content of 2.89% and total nitrogen content of 3.05%, the total amount of volatile aroma compounds reached maximum value.

在对浓香型烤烟产区 27 个上二棚烟叶样品分析测定的基础上，研究了烟碱和总氮含量与烟叶中性香气成分含量的关系。结果表明，烟叶烟碱和总氮含量与类胡萝卜素类香气成分含量呈显著的二次曲线相关关系，在烟碱含量为 3.82% 时总类胡萝卜素类香气物质含量最高，在烟碱含量 1.28%~3.92% 范围内巨豆三烯酮 2 、巨豆三烯酮 4 、法尼基丙酮、二氢猕猴桃内酯和香叶基丙酮含量随烟碱含量的增高呈持续增加趋势。西柏烷类降解产物茄酮含量与烟碱和总氮含量也呈极显著的二次曲线相关关系，但茄酮含量最大值分别出现在烟碱含量为 2.62% ，总氮含量为 2.77% 时，此后显著下降。糖和氨基酸棕色化反应产物仅个别成分与烟碱和总氮含量显著相关。芳香族氨基酸降解产物总量、新植二烯和中性挥发性物质总量与烟碱和总氮含量呈显著的二次曲线相关关系，在烟碱和总氮含量分别为 2.89% 和 3.05% 时中性挥发性物质总量出现最大值。

2016

0.0

陈晨, 龚海青, 张敬智, 徐寓军, 郜红建. 不同基因型水稻苗期氮营养特性差异及综合评价. 中国生态农业学报, 2016, 24: 1347-1355

Chen

, Gong H

, Zhang J

, Xu Y

, Gao H

. Nitrogen nutrition characteristics and comprehensive evaluation on different rice cultivars at the seedling stage. Chin J Eco-Agric, 2016, 24: 1347-1355 (in Chinese with English abstract)

摘　要：氮肥过量施用,不仅造成氮肥大量流失,还增加了农业生产成本,对生态环境带来了巨大的威胁。筛选氮高效基因型水稻品种是提高氮素利用效率、降低环境污染的有效途径。本文利用营养液培养方法,研究了55个水稻品种（系）在相同供氮水平（40 mg·L~（-1））、不同供氮形态（NH4^＋-N和NO3^--N）条件下苗期吸收与积累氮素的差异。并采用隶属函数法将评价指标进行标准化,基于氮效率综合值,运用分层聚类热图分析,进行55个水稻品种氮效率类型的划分,为氮高效水稻品种的筛选提供依据。在NH4^＋-N和NO3^--N培养下,不同水稻品种的整株生物量、茎叶生物量、根系生物量、根系氮含量、茎叶氮累积量差异性显著,变异系数分别在0.69~0.80和0.57~0.74之间。通过因子分析发现,在NH4^＋-N和NO3^--N培养条件下的主成分情况相同,第1主成分由整株生物量、茎叶生物量、根系生物量、整株氮累积量、茎叶氮累积量、根系氮累积量决定,主要为反映植株的生物量及氮素累积量指标;第2主成分由不同器官的氮含量决定。综合水稻苗期氮素吸收累积变异特征及因子分析,将整株生物量、茎叶生物量、根系生物量、茎叶氮累积量作为水稻苗期氮高效综合评价指标。根据隶属函数法计算出的氮效率综合值和采用欧氏距离平方拟合的分层聚类热图,55个供试水稻品种可分为氮高效型、氮中效型、氮低效型3大类,分别占供试品种总数的10.91%、27.27%、61.82%。在NH4^＋-N和NO3^--N供应条件下,初步确定‘广两优3905’、‘甬优9号’、‘中籼2503’、‘Ⅱ优602’、‘两优766’和‘深两优1813’为氮高效型品种。

... 4 氮效率综合值计算及分类方法采用隶属函数法将评价指标计算为氮效率综合值^[19,20]来代表不同供氮条件下不同基因型的氮素营养状况 ...

2012

0.0

陈文荣, 曾玮玮, 李云霞, 李永强, 郭卫东. 高丛蓝莓对干旱胁迫的生理响应及其抗旱性综合评价. 园艺学报, 2012, 39: 637-646

Chen W

, Zeng W

, Li Y

, Guo W

. The physiological responds of highbush blueberry to drought stress and the comprehensive evaluation on their drought resistance capacity. Acta Hort Sin, 2012, 39: 637-646 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Physiological characteristics of two northern（Brigitta，Spartan） and two southern highbush blueberry cultivars（Sharpblue，O’Neal）were investigated under water controlled conditions，as to unveil the possible mechanisms of highbush blueberry in response to drought stress and to screen the drought resistant cultivars. Meanwhile，the study also aimed to prove the possibility of using the Subordinate Function method based on physiological parameters to evaluate the drought-tolerance among the blueberry cultivars. The drought resistance capacity of all the four highbush blueberry cultivars were evaluated comprehensively by：The relative water content，content of the lipid peroxidation product （malondialdehyde，MDA），membrane permeation，contents of hydrogen peroxide （H 2 O 2 ） and superoxide radical，the maximum photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ（Fv/Fm）， stomatal characteristics of leaves. The results showed that drought stress decreased the relative water content，Fv/Fm，stoma open rate，stomatal length and stomatal width；Meanwhile，the relative conductivity，MDA content，H 2 O 2 and  contents and stomatal density were increased paralleled with the treatment intensity. The drought resistance abilities differed significantly among the four highbush blueberry cultivars，with the drought resistance capacity sequenced as following：O’Neal，Sharpblue，Brigitta ， Spartan. The two-year field trial proved the Subordinate Function method based on physiological parameters could be used as a reliable method to screen the drought-tolerant blueberry cultivars.

为研究高丛蓝莓对干旱胁迫的生理响应并筛选具有较强抗旱能力的品种，同时确定基于生理指标的隶属函数分析对于筛选蓝莓抗干旱品种的可行性，分别以北高丛蓝莓中的‘布里吉塔’、‘斯巴坦’以及南高丛蓝莓中的‘夏普蓝’、‘奥尼尔’4 个品种为材料，在人工控水模拟水分胁迫条件下，测定叶片相对含水量、电导率、丙二醛含量、H 2 O 2 含量与　产生速率、 F v / F m 以及叶片气孔特性等生理生化指标的变化，并采用隶属函数法进行综合评价。结果表明，随着干旱胁迫程度的加深，4 个蓝莓品种叶片的相对含水量、Fv/Fm、气孔开放率和气孔大小均呈下降趋势，而相对电导率、丙二醛含量、H 2 O 2 含量与产生速率以及气孔密度则呈上升趋势。4 个高丛蓝莓品种的抗旱性强弱顺序为奥尼尔 > 夏普蓝 > 布里吉塔 > 斯巴坦，大田干旱试验验证了基于生理指标的隶属函数分析对于蓝莓抗旱品种的筛选的准确性及可靠性。

... 4 氮效率综合值计算及分类方法采用隶属函数法将评价指标计算为氮效率综合值^[19,20]来代表不同供氮条件下不同基因型的氮素营养状况 ...

2016

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陈二影, 杨延兵, 秦岭, 张华文, 刘宾, 王海莲, 陈桂玲, 于淑婷, 管延安. 谷子苗期氮高效品种筛选及相关特性分析. 中国农业科学, 2016, 49: 3287-3297

Chen E

, Yang Y

, Qin

, Zhang H

, Liu

, Wang H

, Chen G

, Yu S

, Guan Y

. Evaluation of nitrogen efficient cultivars of foxtail millet and analysis of the related characters at seedling stage. Sci Agric Sin, 2016, 49: 3287-3297 (in Chinese with English abstract)

摘　要：【目的】评价不同基因型谷子苗期氮素吸收利用差异性,筛选谷子氮高效利用基因型材料,为谷子氮高效利用品种选育和机理研究提供理论依据。【方法】采用沙培盆栽试验,以具有代表性生态类型的79个谷子品种为材料,分析其在低氮（0.2 mmol·L~（-1））和高氮（6 mmol·L~（-1））处理下茎叶干物重、含氮量、氮素吸收量、氮素吸收与利用效率的差异及相关性,并划分不同生态类型品种的氮效率类型。【结果】供试谷子品种在2个氮素水平条件下的茎叶干物重（CV_（N0.2） 35.39%和CV_（N6） 50.83%）、氮素含量（CV_（N0.2） 11.52%和CV_（N6） 11.22%）、氮素吸收量（CV_（N0.2） 32.82%和CV_（N6） 48.46%）、氮素吸收效率（CV_（N0.2） 32.82%和CV_（N6） 48.45%）、氮素利用效率（CV_（N0.2） 11.53%和CV_（N6） 11.27%）和氮效率（CV_（N0.2） 35.35%和CV_（N6） 50.61%）均存在较大差异。不同生态类型谷子品种的氮素吸收和利用效率差异显著,西北春谷类型氮素吸收效率的变化（CV_（N0.2） 39.99%和CV_（N6） 54.38%）显著高于华北夏谷类型（CV_（N0.2）29.31%和CV_（N6） 45.68%）和东北春谷类型（CV_（N0.2） 29.49%和CV_（N6） 40.30%）,而氮素利用效率以华北夏谷类型品种间差异最大（CV_（N0.212.03%和CV_（N6） 12.70%）。茎叶干物重与氮素吸收和氮素利用效率呈极显著正相关（P〈0.01）,相关系数分别为R~2_（N0.2）=0.1827＊＊和R~2_（N6）=0.1027＊＊及R~2_（N0.2）=0.8985＊＊和R~2_（N6）=0.9442＊＊;氮效率与氮素吸收量极显著正相关,与氮含量极显著负相关,相关系数分别为R~2_（N0.2）=0.8985＊＊和R~2_（N6）=0.9442＊＊及R~2_（N0.2）=0.1962＊＊和R~2_（N6）=0.0998＊＊;氮素利用效率与氮含量极显著负相关,相关系数分别为R~2_（N0.2）=0.9924＊＊和R~2_（N6）=0.9910＊＊。氮素吸收效率与氮素含量和氮素利用效率间无显著相关性17

... 参考在谷子^[21]、水稻^[22]、甘蔗^[23]上的分类方法划分苗期氮素营养类型 ...

2015

0.0

黄永兰, 黎毛毛, 芦明, 万建林, 龙起樟, 王会民, 唐秀英, 范志洁. 氮高效水稻种质资源筛选及相关特性分析. 植物遗传资源学报, 2015, 16: 87-93

Huang Y

, Li M

, Lu

, Wang J

, Long Q

, Wang H

, Tang X

, Fan Z

. Selection of rice germplasm with high nitrogen utilization efficiency and its analysis of the related characters. J Plant Genet Resour, 2015, 16: 87-93 (in Chinese with English abstract)

The relativity characters of the nitrogen absorption and utilization were analysed under two levels of N supply (0 and 180 kg/hm2) by using forty five rice germplasms, which were divided into four types based on grain yield under two N rates, such as efficient-efficient(EE), inefficient-efficient(IE), inefficient-inefficient(II) and efficient-inefficient(EI). Focus on the research of variance analysis and correlation among characters related to grain yield, the N accumulation(NA) and nitrogen-use efficiency(NUE) between different types. The results showed that the range of variance of grain yield per plant，straw yield per plant, the NA and physiological N use efficiency(PNUE) were 4.50-29.65 g, 6.35-18.70 g, 4.80-21.28 g/m2and 19.88-62.05 g/g , respectively. Grain yield was significantly positively associated with effect panicles per plant(EP), spikelets per panicle(SP), seed setting rate (SSR), the BA, the N accumulation in grain(NAG), the NA and PNUE and significantly negatively associated with the N concentration in grain(NCG) and N concentration in straw(NCS) whether in low-nitrogen or high-nitrogen conditions. There were significantly different between grain yield(GY) with BA, NA and PNUE for four types of rice. EE and IE were the most influence by nitrogen fertilizer, EI was the least. The research showed that Qing-ma-zao, Lu-Cai-Zao, Guang-lu-ai 4, Zao89-01 and Zao-xian152 had been selected for tolerance-low nitrogen and high NUE type，among them, Qing-ma-zao and Lu-Cai-Zao is the typical high NUE type that showed higher, stable yield whether in low-nitrogen or high-nitrogen conditions; Guang-lu-ai 4 is the typical tolerance-low type that showed higher yield in low-nitrogen and suitable planted in poor soil, however, Zao89-01 and Zao-xian152 are suitable planted in fertilize soil that showed higher yield in high-nitrogen conditions.

在不施氮和施氮量180 kg/hm2两个水平下，对45份水稻种质的氮吸收与利用等相关性状进行分析，并根据参试品种在两个施氮水平下的产量差异将其分为双高效型、高氮高效型、低氮高效型和双低效型等4种类型，重点研究不同氮效率水稻产量、吸氮量以及氮素利用率等性状的相关性及差异分析。结果表明，单株子粒重、单株秸秆重、植株吸氮量和氮生理利用率变幅分别为4.50～29.65 g、6.35～18.70 g、4.80～21.28 g/m2和19.88～62.05 g/g。无论是在低氮还是高氮水平下，水稻产量与有效穗数、穗粒数、结实率、生物量、子粒吸氮量、吸氮量和氮生理利用率均呈显著或极显著正相关，与子粒和秸秆氮浓度呈显著负相关。4种氮效率类型品种间的产量与生物量、吸氮量和氮生理利用率差异均达到极显著水平，双高效型和高氮高效型水稻受氮肥的影响最大，低氮高效型水稻受氮肥的影响最小。研究认为，青马早和陆财早不论是在低氮还是高氮水平下均表现出氮高效利用特性，为典型氮高效型；广陆矮4号在低氮水平下表现出氮高效利用特性，适于低氮条件种植，为典型耐低氮型；早89－01和早籼152在高氮水平下表现出氮高效利用特性，适于高氮条件种植。

... 参考在谷子^[21]、水稻^[22]、甘蔗^[23]上的分类方法划分苗期氮素营养类型 ...

2007

0.0

... 参考在谷子^[21]、水稻^[22]、甘蔗^[23]上的分类方法划分苗期氮素营养类型 ...

1939

0.0

... 3 讨论20世纪30年代Harvey首次报道不同玉米品种在氮素营养上存在差异^[24], 至今对不同基因型氮高效利用的研究已经在许多农作物上展开, 如水稻^[25]、小麦^[26]、玉米^[27]、黄瓜^[28]等 ...

2012

0.0

李敏, 张洪程, 杨雄, 葛梦婕, 马群, 魏海燕, 戴其根, 霍中洋, 许轲, 曹利强, 吴浩. 水稻高产氮高效型品种的根系形态生理特征. 作物学报, 2012, 38: 648-656

, Zhang H

, Yang

, Ge M

, Ma

, Wei H

, Dai Q

, Huo Z

, Xu

, Cao L

, Wu

. Root morphological and physiological characteristics of rice cultivars with high yield and high nitrogen use efficiency. Acta Agron Sin, 2012, 38: 648-656 (in Chinese with English abstract)

The difference of root morphological and physiological characteristics of low-yielding and low N-efficiency, high-yielding and medium N-efficiency, high-yielding and high N-efficiency rice cultivars was investigated using six representative japonica varieties under their optimum N levels, respectively. The results showed that the high-yielding genotypes showed distinct advantages over the low-yielding ones in root dry weight, root volume, total and active absorbing surface areas of root system, root oxidation ability of α-NA and root bleeding intensity at each growth stage, indicating that the increase of productivity was accompanied by the improvement of root morphological traits and the enhancement of root physiological activities. Cultivars with different N-efficiency displayed diverse root morphological and physiological characteristics, even though they were all on a high-yielding level. Comparing with medium N-efficiency genotypes, the high N-efficiency ones showed lower root dry weight, root volume, root bleeding intensity and root total absorbing surface area for populations, but for single plants, the root dry weight, root volume, root bleeding intensity, active absorbing surface area and α-NA oxidation amount were superior in a significant or extremely significant degree. The results above suggest that the coordination of high-yielding with high N-efficiency could be achieved through controlling population growth properly, facilitating the concordant development of plant population and individuals, and endeavoring to improve the single stem root quality after heading.

选用低产氮低效型、高产氮中效型和高产氮高效型具有代表性的6个粳稻品种，在各自最适氮素水平下，研究了根系形态生理特征的差异。结果表明，较之低产类型品种，高产类型品种在根干重、根体积、根系总吸收表面积、活跃吸收表面积、根系α-NA氧化量及根系伤流强度等方面在各个生育时期均存在着明显的优势，说明生产力的提高伴随着根系形态特征的改善和生理活性的加强。同为高生产力类型品种，因氮利用率的差异根系形态生理特征表现不同。较之高产氮中效类型，高产氮高效型水稻的群体根干重、群体根体积、群体根系伤流强度和根系总吸收表面积均有所降低，而单茎根干重、单茎根体积、单茎根系伤流强度、活跃吸收表面积比及根系α-NA氧化量却有显著或极显著提高。表明适当控制高生产力水稻的群体生长量，促进群体和个体协调发展，着力提高抽穗后单茎根系质量，将是水稻高产和氮高效协调统一的可靠途径。

2006

0.0

李淑文, 周彦珍, 文宏达, 李雁鸣, 肖凯. 不同小麦品种氮效率和产量性状的研究. 植物遗传资源学报, 2006, 7: 204-208

Li S

, Zhou Y

, Wen H

, Li Y

, Xiao

. Nitrogen use efficiency and yield traits in different wheat varieties. J Plant Genet Resour, 2006, 7: 204-208 (in Chinese with English abstract)

The grain yields and nitrogen use efficiencies of 29 varieties were studied. The results indicated that there were huge differences on grain yields among the tested varieties. Based on the Cluster analysis of the grain yields from deficient-N condition, the tested varieties were classified into three categories, including high-N efficiency group, mid-N efficiency group and low-N efficiency group. The high-N efficiency group contained few tested varieties. Under deficient-N condition, there were little differences on total nitrogen content of plant at maturity stage among the tested wheat varieties. The nitrogen concentration of plant, biomass, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), nitrogen uptake efficiency (UPE) and nitrogen utilization efficiency (UTE) were all the highest in varieties with high-N efficiency, then next in varieties with middle-N efficiency, and the lowest in varieties with low-N efficiency. The high efficiency of nitrogen in wheat under nitrogen stress condition comes from the higher acquisition capacity, assimilation and metabolic capacity.

对29个冬小麦品种进行子粒产量和氮效率的研究，结果表明，在氮胁迫条件下，供试小麦品种的子粒产量具有明显差异。缺氮条件下子粒产量的聚类分析结果表明，供试品种可划分为氮高效、中效和低效三类，氮高效品种在其中所占比例较少。在缺氮条件（N-）下，不同氮效率品种成熟期植株全氮含量差异不大，植株氮素积累量、氮效率（NUE）、吸收效率（UPE）和利用效率（UTE）均以氮高效品种最高，中效品种次之，低效品种最低。缺氮条件下较强的氮索吸收和利用能力是氮高效小麦品种氮胁迫条件下高氮效率的主要原因。

2014

0.0

李强, 罗延宏, 谭杰, 孔凡磊, 杨世民, 袁继超. 玉米杂交种苗期耐低氮指标的筛选与综合评价. 中国生态农业学报, 2014, 22: 1190-1199

, Luo Y

, Tan

, Kong F

, Yang S

, Yuan J

. Indexes screening and comprehensive evaluation of low nitrogen tolerance of hybrid maize cultivars at seedling stage. Chin J Eco- Agric, 2014, 22: 1190-1199 (in Chinese with English abstract)

To develop a better screening and identification method of low nitrogen resistant hybrid maize cultivars at the seedling stage, and obtain low nitrogen tolerant maize cultivars applicable in production, 51 commercial hybrid maize cultivars were two-year treated under low nitrogen stress by the vermiculite and pearlite pot culture with Hoagland nutrient solution. The results showed that low nitrogen stress had a significant impact on the main morphological and physiological indexes of different maize cultivars at the seedling stage and the degrees of effect among the indexes and cultivars were significantly different. Based on the coefficients of variation of relative values of different indexes, total of 7 indexes including leaf area, nitrogen accumulation, root-shoot ratio, dry shoot weight, root volume, dry root weight and dry biomass weight were selected as indexes for screening and evaluation of the degree of low nitrogen tolerance of hybrid maize. The low nitrogen tolerability of hybrid maize was evaluated by using the method of the fuzzy membership function with the normalized coefficients of variation as weight of the selected 7 indexes. The evaluation result was compared with the results of the fuzzy membership function and principal component analysis using 13 indexes for the first year and 25 indexes for the second year. The comparison showed that the evaluation results of 7 screening indexes and all the indexes were largely identical. The coincidences rates of low nitrogen tolerance and sensitivity of the first 10 cultivars were 90% and 80%, proving the representativeness of the screening indexes and the feasibility of the evaluation method. The study showed that the above 7 indexes may be used to evaluate low nitrogen resistance of maize at seedling stage and to screen hybrid maize cultivars with low nitrogen resistance. In the study, 'Zhenghong 311', 'Chengdan 30', and 'Qianbei 2' were identified as low nitrogen resistant cultivars and to be suitable for the southwestern hill and mountain areas of china.

为探明耐低氮玉米杂交种的苗期筛选鉴定方法, 筛选出耐低氮能力强、可推广应用到生产上的玉米杂交种, 本研究采用蛭石和珍珠岩盆栽、Hoagland营养液培养方式, 以西南地区生产中应用的51个玉米杂交种为材料, 对供试品种进行了2年的低氮胁迫苗期筛选试验。结果表明: 低氮胁迫对各玉米品种苗期主要形态、生理指标均有显著影响, 但影响的程度在指标间和品种间均有较大差异。根据相对值变异系数大小, 筛选出叶面积、氮积累量、根冠比、地上部干重、根体积、根干重和单株干重7个指标作为耐低氮能力的评价指标。以7个指标归一化的变异系数为权重进行耐低氮能力模糊隶属函数综合评价, 并与用全部指标(第1年为13个指标, 第2年为25个指标)模糊隶属函数评价和主成分分析法评价的结果进行比较, 7个指标评价结果与全部指标综合评价结果基本一致, 得出的耐低氮能力强和弱的前10个品种的重合率分别达90%和80%, 说明筛选指标的代表性和评价方法的可行性。本研究表明上述7个指标可以作为玉米苗期耐低氮能力评价指标, 并筛选出'正红311'、'成单30'、'黔北2号'等适宜于中国西南丘陵山区种植的耐低氮品种。

2012

0.0

姜爽, 吴凤芝, 关颂娜, 于敏锐. 耐低氮胁迫黄瓜品种的筛选. 中国蔬菜, 2012, (8): 51-56

Jiang

, Wu F

, Guan S

, Yu M

. Screening of cucumber cultivars for tolerance to low nitrogen stress. China Veget, 2012, (8): 51-56 (in Chinese with English abstract)

1993

0.0

... 本文研究了74个烟草基因型在低氮和正常供氮条件下对氮素的响应状况, 与正常供氮相比, 低氮条件下的根系体积均值更大, 根系生物量则较接近, 可能是有些基因型在低氮胁迫下较多的光合产物被根系利用, 从而形成较大根系^[29] ...

2011

0.0

赵化田, 王瑞芳, 许云峰, 安调过. 小麦苗期耐低氮基因型的筛选与评价. 中国生态农业学报, 2011, 19: 1199-1204

Zhao H

, Wang R

, Xu Y

, An D

. Screening and evaluating low nitrogen tolerant wheat genotype at seedling stage. Chin J Eco- Agric, 2011, 19: 1199-1204 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Nitrogen tops the list of crop macro elements essential for plant growth and development. Several studies have shown that under low nitrogen conditions, crop species/genotypes vary widely in nitrogen uptake ability and utilization efficiency. Planting wheat cultivars with high nitrogen efficiency is the fundamental way to raise nitrogen utilization efficiency; and exploiting nitrogen tolerant wheat germplasm resources is the basic of breeding wheat varieties with high nitrogen efficiency. To this end, 30 advanced distant hybridization lines of wheat and wheatgrass, one T1BL・1RS translocation line of distant hybridization of "Xiaoyan 6" and "Germany white" (rye), two recombinant inbred lines of "Xiaoyan54 × Jing411" and 13 commercial wheat varieties, were screened and evaluated for low nitrogen tolerant genotypes in hydroponic culture at seedling stage. Analysis of variance showed significant to very significant differences in 13 nitrogen efficiency related traits between two nitrogen treatments and among genotypes. Principal component analysis showed that the first three principal components had an accumulative contribution rate of at least 81.2%, implying that they contained most of the information to reflect the overall trait resources. The proportions of relative shoot/plant nitrogen uptake, root/shoot ratio, shoot dry weight, plant dry weight, shoot nitrogen utilization efficiency and root nitrogen content of the three principal components were significantly high. A comprehensive evaluation suggested that 08B41 had the highest score (1.60) for the best nitrogen tolerant wheat line in the 32 distant wheat hybridization lines. Then "Kn9204" had the highest score (2.10) for the best nitrogen tolerant wheat variety in the 13 commercial wheat varieties. Clustering analysis showed that the 46 wheat genotypes were broadly categorized into 3 groups (low nitrogen tolerant type, medium nitrogen tolerant type and low nitrogen sensitive type with 15, 22 and 9 genotypes, respectively). 9 advanced distant hybridization lines (08B41, XJ19-1, 08B8, 08B10, 08B13, 08B25, WR9603, 08B2, 08B5) and 6 commercial wheat varieties ("Kn9204", "Han7086", "Henong827", "Shimai18", "Shi4185", "Shixin733") were noted to have low nitrogen tolerance. These low nitrogen tolerant genotypes were utilizable in breeding N-efficient wheat varieties. The study also discussed the roles of wheat related species in improving the genetic makeup of N-efficient wheat varieties.

氮是作物吸收的第一大必需营养元素, 对作物生长发育具有不可替代的作用。大量研究表明, 不同基因型小麦对氮的吸收利用能力不同, 培育氮高效小麦品种是提高氮利用效率的根本途径, 而发掘耐低氮小麦种质资源是小麦氮高效育种的基础。为此, 本研究以30 个小麦-冰草远缘杂交的高代品系, 1 个小麦-黑麦远缘杂交的T1BL?1RS 易位系, 2 个"小偃54"×"京411"重组自交系群体中的品系, 以及13 个生产上的主栽品种为试验材料, 通过低氮胁迫和正常供氮2 个处理的苗期水培试验, 进行了耐低氮基因型的筛选与评价。方差分析显示, 13 个氮效率相关性状在2 种氮水平之间及各小麦基因型之间的差异均达到显著或极显著水平。主成分分析显示, 前3 个主成分累积贡献率达到81.2%, 已包含了大部分信息, 能够基本反映整体状况。其中, 相对茎叶吸氮量、相对植株吸氮量、相对根冠比、相对茎叶干重、相对植株干重、相对茎叶氮利用效率、相对根含氮量在3 个主成分中占较大的比重。综合评价结果显示, 在33 个小麦远缘杂交品系中08B41 得分最高, 为1.60,为最耐低氮的品系; 13 个主栽品中"科农9204"得分最高, 为2.10, 为耐低氮的品种。聚类分析显示, 46 份基因型小麦可划分为3 大类: 耐低氮型(15 份)、中间型(22 份)和低氮敏感型(9 份)。筛选出08B41、XJ19-1、08B8、08B10、08B13、08B25、WR9603、08B2、08B5 共9 份耐低氮远缘杂交高代品系, 及"科农9204"、"邯7086"、"河农827"、"石麦18"、"石4185"、"石新733"共6 份耐低氮主栽品种。这些耐低氮的基因型可作为小麦营养高效育种的种质资源, 本文并对小麦近缘种属在小麦营养高效遗传改良中的作用进行了讨论。

... 但低氮条件下的茎叶氮累积量、茎鲜重和地上部生物量的均值明显低于正常供氮条件下, 表明低氮会抑制植株地上部的生长^[30], 氮浓度提高对地上部的促进作用明显, 且容易累积较大比例的氮素, 这与王艳等^[31]的研究结果相似 ...

2003

0.0

王艳, 米国华, 陈范骏, 张福锁. 玉米氮素吸收的基因型差异及其与根系形态的相关性. 生态学报, 2003, 23: 297-302

Wang

, Mi G

, Chen F

, Zhang F

. Genotypic differences in nitrogen uptake by maize inbred lines its relation to root morphology. Acta Ecol Sin, 2003, 23: 297-302 (in Chinese with English abstract)

采用溶液培养的方法,选用在田间、土培试验中对氮反应有典型差异的玉米自交系:478、H21、Wu312、Zong31、Baici ,在4个供N水平( 0.04、0.4、2、4 mmol/L)下,研究了玉米苗期氮素吸收、分配的基因型差异以及与根系形态之间的相关关系,结果表明: 在一定的NO-3浓度范围内(0.04～2 mmol/L),根系生物量随N水平的提高而增加,而高N不同程度地降低了5个自交系根系干重.低N下(0.04 mmol/L),与其它自交系相比,N高效基因型478具有较大的根系生物量,其根系干重分别为H 21、Wu312、Zong31、Baici的1.1、1.74、1.6、1.18倍,并往根系分配了较大比例的N 素,根系N累积量占总N量的百分率比Wu312、Zong31分别高18.34% 、17.08%,而N低效基因型Wu312、Zong31则往地上部分配了较大比例的氮素.随N水平的增加,显著促进了地上部的生长,并在地上部分配了较大比例的N素.当N水平增至4mmol/L时,地上部N素分配的基因型差异减小.低N下,5个自交系根系干重、总根长、根轴总长与总吸N量显著线性相关, 而高N下不表现相关关系,说明在N素胁迫的条件下,根系形态对N吸收效率起重要作用.

2005

0.0

春亮, 陈范骏, 张福锁, 米国华. 不同氮效率玉米杂交种的根系生长、氮素吸收与产量形成. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2005, 11: 615-619

Chun

, Chen F

, Zhang F

, Mi G

. Root growth, nitrogen uptake and yield formation of hybrid maize with different N efficiency. Plant Nutr Fert Sci, 2005, 11: 615-619 (in Chinese with English abstract)

... 低氮条件下的根系体积均值较大, 但茎叶氮累积量较少, 说明氮素累积量不仅依赖根系大小, 也与氮素吸收速率有关^[32] ...

2007

0.0

裴雪霞, 王姣爱, 党建友, 张定一. 耐低氮小麦基因型筛选指标的研究. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2007, 13: 93-98

Pei X

, Wang J

, Dang J

, Zhang D

. An approach to the screening index for low nitrogen tolerant wheat genotype. Plant Nutr Fert Sci, 2007, 13: 93-98 (in Chinese with English abstract)

... 因子分析结果表明, 茎叶氮累积量和地上部生物量在主成分中占较大比重, 因此将茎叶氮累积量和地上部生物量作为耐低氮及氮高效的筛选指标是适合的, 这在小麦^[33,34]、玉米^[35]、水稻^[36]等作物上也得到了证实 ...

2011

0.0

张锡洲, 阳显斌, 李廷轩, 余海英. 小麦氮素利用效率的基因型差异. 应用生态学报, 2011, 22: 369-375

Zhang X

, Yang X

, Li Y

, Yu H

. Genotype difference in nitrogen utilization efficiency of wheat. Chin J Appl Ecol, 2011, 22: 369-375 (in Chinese with English abstract)

A pot experiment with 130 wheat cultivars was conducted to study their genotype difference in biomass per plant, nitrogen accumulation, and nitrogen production efficiency under the same level of nitrogen supply, aimed to screen the high efficiency nitrogen-utilizing wheat genotypes. The results showed that the biomass per plant of the cultivars at jointing, heading, and maturing stages was within the ranges of 1.06-3.08 g, 1.88-9.05 g, and 2.64-13.75 g, respectively, and the yield per plant was 1.38-9.90 g. The nitrogen dry matter production efficiency was 25.62-65.41 g·g -1 N ( F = 5.099 ** ) at jointing stage and 3579-8870 g·g -1 N ( F =5.325 ** ) at heading stage, and the nitrogen production efficiency of grain yield was 1906-3854 g ·g -1 N ( F =4.669 ** ) at maturing stage. There were significant differences in nitrogen dry matter production efficiency (jointing stage, F =637.941 ** ; heading stage, F =201.173 ** ) and nitrogen grain yield production efficiency (maturing stage, F =443.450 ** ), and also, in biomass accumulation among the cultivars, but no significant differences in tiller number and effective tiller number. The wheat genotypes with high nitrogen utilization efficiency had the characteristics of less ineffective tiller, high nitrogen utilization before heading stage, and high effective nitrogen absorption and reuse capability at heading and maturing stage. The grain yields of high nitrogen efficiency genotypes Sheng CXK027-4 and Liangmai 4 were 2.44 times and 1.86 times higher than those of low nitrogen use efficiency genotype 6 94, and the nitrogen accumulation in grain yields was 2.06 times and 1.81 times higher than that of low nitrogen use efficiency genotype 694, respectively.

通过土培盆栽试验，研究了130份小麦材料在相同氮素水平下生物量、氮素积累量、氮素生产效率的基因型差异，旨在筛选具有高效利用氮素能力的小麦基因型，为氮高效小麦育种提供种质资源.结果表明：拔节期、抽穗期和成熟期供试小麦单株生物量变幅分别为1.06～3.08 g、1.88～9.05 g和2.64～13.75 g，单株籽粒产量变幅为1.38～9.90 g .拔节期、抽穗期氮素干物质生产效率变幅分别为25.62～65.41 g·g -1 N（ F = 5.099 ** ）和35.79～88.70 g·g -1 N（ F =5.325 ** ），成熟期氮素籽粒生产效率变幅为19.06～38.54 g·g -1 N（ F =4.669 ** ）.不同氮素生产效率小麦基因型拔节期氮素干物质生产效率（ F =637.941 ** ）、抽穗期氮素干物质生产效率（ F =201.173 ** ）及成熟期氮素籽粒生产效率（ F =443.450 ** ）存在极显著差异.不同氮素生产效率小麦基因型拔节期、抽穗期及成熟期生物量差异显著，有效分蘖数与穗数差异不显著.氮素生产效率高的基因型具有无效分蘖少、抽穗期前氮素利用能力强、抽穗期-成熟期氮素吸收与再利用能力强等特点.典型氮高效基因型小麦省CXK027-4和良麦4号的籽粒产量是低效基因型694的3.44倍和2.86倍，籽粒氮素积累量是694的3.06倍和2.81倍.

2013

0.0

崔文芳, 高聚林, 王志刚, 崔超, 胡树平, 于晓芳, 孙继颖, 苏治军. 玉米自交系氮效率基因型差异分析. 玉米科学, 2013, 21(3): 6-12

Cui W

, Gao J

, Wang Z

, Cui

, Hu S

, Yu X

, Sun J

, Su Z

. Analysis on genotypic difference in nitrogen efficiency of maize inbred lines. J Maize Sci, 2013, 21(3): 6-12 (in Chinese with English abstract)

2007

0.0

程建峰, 戴廷波, 曹卫星, 姜东, 刘宜柏. 不同类型水稻种质氮素营养效率的变异分析. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2007, 13: 175-183

Cheng J

, Dai T

, Cao W

, Jiang

, Liu Y

. Variations of nitrogen nutrition efficiency in different rice germplasmtypes. Plant Nutr Fert Sci, 2007, 13: 175-183 (in Chinese with English abstract)

Field experiment was conducted to investigate the variations of nitrogen absorption efficiency(NAE),nitrogen utilization efficiency(NUE) and nitrogen harvest index(NHI) in 607 rice germplasms(including conventional indica,japonica and hybrid indica combination rice).The results showed that genotypic differences of NAE,NUE and NHI obviously existed among these rice germplasms, with maximum coefficient of variation in NHI and minimum in NAE.There were not significant differences among conventional indica rice,conventional japonica rice and hybrid indica rice combinations,but the variations of NAE,NUE and NHI in hybrid indica rice combinations were lower than those in conventional indica and japonica rice .Correlation analyses indicated that the correlations of NAE to NUE and NHI in rice were very significantly negative,and the correlations of NUE and NHI to yield per plant were very significantly positive,but the correlations of NUE to NHI and NAE to yield per plant were not significant.The distributions of rice germplasms based on single NAE,NUE or NHI in conventional indica rice and NUE in hybrid indica rice combinations resembled typical normal curve, namely that low and high efficient germplasms were fewer and medium efficient germplasms were more.The distributions of rice germplasms based on single NAE,NUE or NHI in conventional japonica rice and NHI in hybrid indica rice combinations resembled normal curve approximately.The distributions of rice germplasms based on NAE in hybrid indica rice combinations were very sporadic and high efficient germplasms were more.Furthermore,the distribution of hybrid indica combinations was concentrative with small variation on NAE,NUE and NHI,but that of conventional japonica rice was much scattered.The ranges of NUE and NHI in three rice types were so large that they could be classified into some clusters.The differences among clusters were significant.

采用田间试验,在常规氮素管理下,以氮素吸收效率(NAE)、利用效率(NUE)和收获指数(NHI)为衡量指标,分析了国内外607份不同类型水稻种质氮素营养效率的变异状况。结果表明,水稻NAE、NUE和NHI存在显著的基因型差异,以NHI为最大和NAE为最小。不同类型水稻间的NAE、NUE和NHI未达显著差异,但籼型杂交稻NAE、NUE和NHI的变异小于常规籼稻和常规粳稻。相关分析表明,水稻NAE与NUE、NHI呈极显著负相关,NUE与NHI间无显著相关;水稻NUE和NHI与单株产量存在极显著的正相关,NAE与单株产量无显著相关。频数分析可知,常规籼稻NAE、NUE及NHI和籼型杂交稻NUE的种质频数分布呈典型正态曲线,低、高效种质较少,中效种质众多;常规粳稻NAE、NUE和NHI种质的频数分布呈近似正态分布,略偏向低效;籼型杂交稻NAE的种质频数分布离散程度较高和高效种质较多,NHI的种质频数分布呈近似正态分布和略偏低效。籼型杂交稻的NAE、NUE和NHI差异小而分布较集中,常规粳稻最分散,常规籼稻居中。不同类型水稻的氮素营养效率的极差很大,可分为若干组,各组间差异显著。

2005

0.0

李群平, 王素琴, 王海涛, 叶红朝, 张函. 洛阳烟区烤烟新品种中烟100、中烟101的生产适应性研究. 中国烟草科学, 2005, (1): 10-13

Li Q

, Wang S

, Wang H

, Ye H

, Zhang

. Production adaptability of new flue-cured variety Zhongyan 10and Zhongyan 10in Luoyang. Chin Tob Sci, 2005, (1): 10-13 (in Chinese with English abstract)

2002-2003年,以中烟100、中烟101为供试新品种在河南省洛阳市5个主产烟县进行了生产适应性试验.结果表明,2个品种的农艺性状遗传稳定,整个大田期生长均衡,抗病、抗逆和适应性强,尤其赤星病抗性显著优于目前生产上的推广品种;烤后原烟组织疏松,光泽强,身份适中,主筋比率小,出丝率高;内在化学成分适宜,比例协调,感官质量评吸香气质好,香气量较足,质量档次中偏上;单位面积平均产量提高14.5%-18.0%,产值提高31.6%-49.8%,均价提高15.7%-27.4%,上等烟比例增加6.7-21个百分点.2品种的综合性状表现和适应性优于当地主栽品种NC89,适合洛阳市扩大种植.

2006

0.0

周金仙. 不同烤烟品种生态适应性评价. 种子, 2006, 25(2): 58-60

Zhou J

. Different flue-cured tobacco varieties ecological adaptability evaluation. Seed, 2006, 25(2): 58-60 (in Chinese)

... K394在生产上也耐肥水, 且品种适应性较弱^[38], 与其试验对低氮敏感、氮效率较低情况相符 ...