藜麦活性成分研究进展

胡一晨,赵钢,秦培友,成颜芬,曹亚楠,邹亮,任贵兴

Research Progress on Bioactive Components of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)

Yi-Chen HU,Gang ZHAO,Pei-You QIN,Yan-Fen CHENG,Ya-Na CAO,Liang ZOU,Gui-Xing REN

表3 20种三萜皂苷结构[29]

Table 3 Structure of 20 kinds of triterpenoid saponins[29]

序号 Code 化合物 Compound 苷元 Aglycone R# 1 3β-[(O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→3)-α-L-阿拉伯吡喃基)氧]-23-氧- 齐墩果-12-en-28-油酸 β-D-葡萄吡喃糖苷 3β-[(O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl)oxy]-23- oxo-olean-12-en-28-oic acid β-D-glucopyranoside I β-D-Glc(1→3)-α-L-Ara 2 3β-[(O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→3)-α-L-阿拉伯吡喃基)氧]-27- 氧-齐墩果-12-en-28-油酸 β-D-葡萄吡喃糖苷 3β-[(O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl)oxy]-27- oxo-olean-12-en-28-oic acid β-D-glucopyranoside II β-D-Glc(1→3)-α-L-Ara 3 3-O-α-L-阿拉伯吡喃基 脱氧美商陆酸 28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl serjanic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester III α-L-Ara 4 3-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸 脱氧美商陆酸 28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯 3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl serjanic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester III β-D-GlcA 序号 Code 化合物 Compound 苷元 Aglycone R# 5 3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→3)-α-L-阿拉伯吡喃基 脱氧美商陆酸 28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl serjanic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester III β-D-Glc(1→2)-β-D- Glc(1→3)-α-L-Ara 6 3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→3)-α-L-阿拉伯吡喃基 脱氧美商陆酸28-O-β-D- 吡喃葡萄糖酯 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-α-L-arabinopyranosylserjanic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester III β-D-Glc(1→3)-α-L-Ara 7 6-{[4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-七乙基-8a-({[3,4,5-三羟基-6-(羟甲基)氧化-2-yl]氧} 羰基)-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,6b,7,8,8a,9,10,11,12,12a,14,14a,14b-icosahydropicen-3- yl]氧}-3,5-二羟基-4-[(3,4,5-三羟基氧烷-2-yl)氧]环氧乙烷-2-羧酸 6-{[4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-8a-({[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2- yl]oxy}carbonyl)-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,6b,7,8,8a,9,10,11,12,12a,14,14a,14b-icosahydropicen-3-yl]oxy}-3,5-dihydroxy-4-[(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxy]oxane-2-carboxylicacid IV β-D-Xyl(1→3)-β-D-GlcA 8 藜麦皂苷7 Quinoa saponin 7 IV β-D-Glc(1→2)-β-D- Glc(1→3)-α-L-Ara 9 3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→3)-α-L-阿拉伯吡喃基 齐墩果酸 28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl oleanolic acid 28-O-β-D-glucop yranosyl ester IV β-D-Glc(1→3)-α-L-Ara 10 竹节参皂苷 IVa Chikusetsusaponin IVa IV β-D-GlcA 11 藜麦皂苷4 Quinoa saponin 4 V β-D-Glc(1→3)-α-L-Ara 12 藜麦皂苷3 Quinoa saponin 3 V α-L-Ara 13 藜麦皂苷5 Quinoa saponin 5 V β-D-Glc(1→3)-β-D-Gal 14 藜麦皂苷8 Quinoa saponin 8 V β-D-Glc(1→2)-β-D- Glc(1→3)-α-L-Ara 15 3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→4)-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→4)-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基 商陆皂苷酸 28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl phytolaccagenic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester V β-D-Glc(1→4)-β-D- Glc(1→4)-β-D-Glc 16 藜麦皂苷2 Quinoa saponin 2 VI β-D-Glc(1→3)-β-D-Gal 17 常春藤皂苷F Hedera nepalensis saponin F VI α-L-Ara 18 藜麦皂苷9 Quinoa saponin 9 VI β-D-GlcA 19 藜麦皂苷1 Quinoa saponin 1 VI β-D-Glc(1→3)-α-L-Ara 20 3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→3)-α-L-阿拉伯吡喃基3β,23,30-三羟基烯烃-12-en-28-油酸 28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl 3β,23,30-trihydroxy olean- 12-en-28-oic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester VII β-D-Glc(1→3)-α-L-Ara