杂交大豆生殖生长期冠层生理及产量构成特征

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张伟, 赵婧, 邱强, 王曙明, 张春宝, 闫晓艳, 赵丽梅, 张鸣浩, 张伟龙, 樊慧梅. 杂交大豆生殖生长期冠层生理及产量构成特征. 作物学报, 2013, 39(12): 2192-2200[ZHANG Wei, ZHAO Jing, QIU Qiang, WANG Shu-Ming, ZHANG Chun-Bao, YAN Xiao-Yan, ZHAO Li Mei, ZHANG Ming-Hao, ZHANG Wei-Long, FAN Hui-Mei. Canopy Physiology and Characteristics of Yield Components during Reproductive Stage in Soybean Hybrids. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2013, 39(12): 2192-2200] 复制到剪切板

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杂交大豆生殖生长期冠层生理及产量构成特征

张伟, 赵婧, 邱强, 王曙明, 张春宝, 闫晓艳^*, 赵丽梅^*, 张鸣浩, 张伟龙, 樊慧梅

吉林省农业科学院大豆研究所 / 大豆国家工程研究中心, 吉林长春 130033

^* 通讯作者(Corresponding authors): 闫晓艳, E-mail:yanxy8548@yahoo.com.cn, Tel: 0431-87063238; 赵丽梅, E-mail:l_mzhao@126.com.cn, Tel: 0431-87063125

第一作者联系方式: E-mail:zw.0431@163.com

收稿日期:2013-07-25

基金:本研究由国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(31101111), 国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)项目(2011AA10A105), 吉林省自然科学基金项目(201115198), 吉林省科技发展计划项目(20111817)和吉林省现代农业产业技术体系建设(201208)项目资助。

摘要

以吉林省审定的杂交豆1号、杂交豆2号2个杂交大豆品种和同熟期常规品种吉育72和吉林30为材料, 探讨生殖生长期杂交大豆高产冠层生理, 分析产量构成特性, 明确杂交大豆增产部分生理机制。结果表明, 2010—2011年, 杂交大豆比常规品种分别增产13.9%和16.7%。杂交大豆R6期以后叶片叶绿素含量, R2 (始花期)~R7 (成熟初期)期光合速率和R2~R4 (盛荚期)期叶面积指数均显著高于常规品种, 2010年杂交豆1号和杂交豆2号最大叶面积指数分别为8.09和8.30, 远高于常规大豆最大适宜叶面积指数, 且生育后期叶面积指数没有陡然下降。杂交大豆品种R2~R7期生物产量均显著或极显著高于常规品种, 生物产量平均积累速度和最大积累速度分别比常规品种高0.06 g d^-1和0.20 g d^-1, 干物质积累速率加快时间和积累速率开始减缓时间分别比常规品种提前3.09 d和5.85 d, 干物质积累早发优势显著。杂交大豆百粒重、主茎荚、粒重与常规大豆差异不显著, 但分枝荚、粒重极显著增加。而杂交大豆R7期籽粒占生物产量比例和粒茎比与常规品种差异不显著。表明强大的冠层优势, 快速的干物质积累和较高生物产量, 是杂交大豆高产的生物学基础。

关键词: 杂交大豆; 高产; 冠层生理; 产量构成

Canopy Physiology and Characteristics of Yield Components during Reproductive Stage in Soybean Hybrids

ZHANG Wei, ZHAO Jing, QIU Qiang, WANG Shu-Ming, ZHANG Chun-Bao, YAN Xiao-Yan^*, ZHAO Li Mei^*, ZHANG Ming-Hao, ZHANG Wei-Long, FAN Hui-Mei

Soybean Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences / National Engineering Research Center of Soybean, Changchun 130033, China

Abstract

Utilization of soybean hybrid is an effective way to increase soybean yield. We used two soybean hybrids (HybSoy-1 and HybSoy-2) and two conventional varieties (CV) with the same maturity (Jiyu 72 and Jilin 30) as materials to explore physiological characters of canopy, traits of yield and yield components, and the physiological mechanism of increasing yield in soybean hybrid at reproductive stage. The result showed that, from 2010 to 2011, compared with CV, the yields of soybean hybrids were increased by 13.9% and 16.7%. Leaf chlorophyll contents at late growth stages, photosynthetic rates at R2 (full bloom)-R7 (beginning maturity) and leaf area indices (LAI) at R2-R4 (full pod) were all significantly higher than those of CV; the maximum LAI of HybSoy-1 and HybSoy-2 in 2010 were 8.09 and 8.30, far more than those of CV, and LAI at late growth stages were not decreased sharply. Biomasses of all varieties reached a peak at R6 stage, while those of soybean hybrids at R2-R7 were higher than those of conventional varieties with significant difference between them atP<0.05 andP<0.01; the means and maximum accumulation rates of biomasses were 0.06 g d^-1 and 0.20 g d^-1 more than those of conventional varieties, respectively; and the days of speeding up or slowing down dry matter accumulation rate were ahead of 3.09 days and 5.85 days than those of CV, respectively, so premature advantage of dry matter accumulation was also obvious. As for yield components, there was no significant difference between hybrids and conventional soybean varieties on 100-seed weight, grain weight and pod weight of main stem, but grain weight and pod weight of branch in soybean hybrids were significantly higher than those in conventional varieties. There was no significant difference in the ratio of grain weight to biomass and the ratio of grain weight to stem weight between soybean hybrids and conventional soybean varieties. All results showed that the yields of soybean hybrids mainly depend on the strong canopy, high speed of dry matter accumulation, and higher biomass.

Keyword: Soybean hybrids; High yield; Canopy physiology; Yield components

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杂种优势的利用是大幅度提高农作物产量的有效手段, 水稻、玉米、高粱等作物的杂交种应用, 对世界粮食增产起了重要作用^{[ 1]}。大豆的杂交种同样具有较高的产量优势。Guleria等^{[ 2]}以13个亲本配制30个组合的研究结果表明, F₁籽粒产量的杂种优势为22.1%。Randall等^{[ 3]}采用核不育系生产杂种进行杂种优势测定结果显示, 27个组合中有5个组合杂种产量明显高于高亲。王志新等^{[ 4]}对199个组合的杂种优势测定结果显示, 高亲与对照优势率均在20%以上的组合占34%。王曙明等^{[ 5]}对国内1326个组合杂种优势的测定结果表明, 高亲与对照优势率均在20%以上的组合占18.3%。

美国较早开展大豆杂种优势研究, 但至今没有育成可商业化的杂交种^{[ 6]}。我国大豆杂种优势利用研究起步较晚, 但发展较快, 吉林省农业科学院、南京农业大学及安徽省农业科学院等单位大豆杂种优势利用研究在国际上已经形成了群体优势^{[ 7]}。吉林省农业科学院于1993年育成世界上第一个大豆细胞质雄性不育系, 并于1995年实现栽培大豆“三系”配套, 2002年育成并审定了世界上第一个大豆杂交种^{[ 8]}, 目前我国已审定10个大豆杂交种, 均具有显著增产效果。

超高产杂交水稻光能和CO₂利用效率、抗光抑制能力、C₄途径酶表达水平明显增高^{[ 9, 10]}; 群体动态、抗倒力、库容等方面也具有较大优势^{[ 11, 12, 13]}; 抽穗前、后的物质生产能力以及灌浆后期的光合功能和收获指数是超高产杂交稻高产的关键^{[ 14, 15]}。高产玉米干物质积累量大、光合效率高、功能期长的群体特征是获得高产的重要保证^{[ 16, 17, 18]}。自从杂交大豆问世以后, 研究表明杂交豆1号自我调节能力强, 个体发育明显好于常规品种^{[ 8]}, 杂优豆1号具有茎秆粗壮, 分枝较多特点^{[ 19]}。对杂交大豆高产特性也只在品种选育时有一些感性认识, 但对其增产农艺和生理机制知之甚少。杂交豆1号和杂交豆2号具有显著增产效果, 比区试对照平均增产15%以上^{[ 20, 21]}, 本研究以这2个杂交大豆品种和同熟期组区试对照品种为试材, 分析其生殖生长期高产冠层生理及产量构成特性, 明确其增产生理机制, 以期为品种改良和高产高效栽培提供依据。

1 材料与方法

1.1 供试材料

选用生育期和结荚习性相同的杂交大豆品种杂交豆1号、杂交豆2号及2个常规品种吉育72和吉林30, 品种特征见表1。

表1 供试品种特征 Table 1 Traits of experimental cultivars

1.2 试验设计

试验于2010—2011年在吉林省农业科学院公主岭试验地进行。土壤类型为薄层黑土, 0~30 cm土壤含有机质28.50 g kg^-1、全氮1.60 g kg^-1、胺态氮3.72 mg kg^-1、硝态氮2.63 mg kg^-1、速效磷45.2 mg kg^-1、速效钾136.0 mg kg^-1。小区为6行区, 行长5 m, 行距60 cm, 密度每公顷20万株, 小区按随机区组排列, 3次重复。播种时间5月1日, 收获时间10月5日。每公顷施纯氮60 kg、纯磷75 kg、纯钾75 kg, 正常田间管理。

1.3 叶绿素和光合速率测定

盛花期(R2)到成熟初期(R7), 于晴好天气, 测定时间为9:00~11:30, 采用活体叶绿素测定仪(SPAD502)测定4个生育时期植株主茎倒五叶叶片的叶绿素含量, 每期测定6株。采用LI-6400型便携式光合测定系统(LI-COR, 美国)在相同时期测定不同生育时期植株主茎倒五叶叶片的光合速率, 测定4株。

1.4 冠层参数测定

于主要生育时期使用LAI-2000冠层分析仪, 测定叶面积指数(LAI)和冠层的无截获散射(DIFN), 2010年测定5个时期, 2011年测定4个时期, 每小区测3个点, 计算平均值。

1.5 生物产量测定及Logistic模型分析

于盛花期(R2)到成熟初期(R7)主要生育时期, 取有代表性的植株6株, 将样品放入105℃烘箱中烘2 h, 在75℃烘箱中烘干至恒重后称得干重, 即得生物产量。2010年取样5次, 2011年取样4次。采用不同时期生物产量进行Logistic模拟, 其模型的数学表达式为 Y= W_m/(1 + ae^- ^bt), 式中 t为出苗后的天数(d); Y为大豆干物质积累量(g); a、 b、 W_m是3个待定系数, 均具有一定的生物学意义^{[ 22]}。

1.6 测产和室内考种

大豆成熟时每小区取中间2行, 每行取4.5 m, 进行小区测产, 测产面积为5.4 m², 折算为公顷产量。2010年, 每小区分别连续取有代表性的植株10株, 测定株高、真叶节茎粗、分枝数、分枝荚重、分枝粒重、主茎荚重、主茎粒重、百粒重和茎重。2011年, 每小区取10株样, 将分枝与主茎分开, 主茎分别按上数1~5节, 6~10节, 11节以上分段考种, 所考性状同2010年。

1.7 数据分析

以Microsoft Excel 2010、DPS11.0软件分析和处理数据。

2 结果与分析

2.1 光合特性

各品种叶绿素含量均以R6期最大, 杂交豆1号和杂交豆2号在R4期以前显著高于吉育72, 与吉林30的差异未达显著水平, R6期以后, 杂交大豆品种叶绿素含量显著高于2个常规品种(图1)。

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	图1 不同生育时期大豆叶片叶绿素含量柱上小写字母不同表示在0.05水平上差异显著。Fig. 1 Leaf chlorophyll content of soybean at different stagesBars superscripted by different lowercase are significantly different at P<0.05.

各品种光合速率在R5期达最大, 从R2期开始2个杂交大豆品种均显著高于常规品种(图2)。R7期时杂交大豆品种两年光合速率平均值为15.03 μmol CO₂m^-2s^-1, 常规品种已下降至8.47 μmol CO₂m^-2s^-1, 杂交大豆品种极显著高于常规品种。

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	图2 不同生育时期大豆叶片光合速率柱上小写字母不同表示在0.05 水平上差异显著。Fig. 2 Photosynthetic rate of soybean at different stagesBars superscripted by different lowercase are significantly different at P<0.05.

2.2 叶面积指数和无截获散射

不同生育时期各品种叶面积指数(LAI)变化趋势相同, R3期群体LAI最大, 而后逐渐下降。R2~R5期杂交大豆LAI均显著高于常规品种, R6期以后杂交大豆叶面积与常规品种差异不显著(图3)。最大LAI, 杂交豆1号和杂交豆2号分别达8.09和8.30,

吉育72和吉林30分别为7.30和5.98, 杂交大豆最大LAI远大于通常大豆, 但其高的叶面积指数并没有使R6~R7期LAI显著低于常规品种。

无截获散射(DIFN)是LAI-2000冠层分析仪探头可视天空的部分, 代表群体透光率。群体透光率与叶面积指数相反, 不同生育时期各品种DIFN呈现下凹的单峰曲线变化, R2~R5期杂交大豆DIFN显著低于常规品种, R6期以后与常规品种差异不显著(图4)。叶面积指数最大时即R3期, 杂交豆1号和杂交豆2号DIFN相同, 均为0.07%, 说明最大叶面积指数达8以上时, 冠层最下部就很难接受到太阳光了。

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	图3 不同生育时期大豆叶面积指数柱上小写字母不同表示在0.05 水平上差异显著。Fig. 3 Leaf area index (LAI) of soybean at different stagesBars superscripted by different lowercase are significantly different at P<0.05.

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	图4 不同生育时期大豆无截获散射柱上小写字母不同表示在0.05水平上差异显著。Fig. 4 Diffuse non-interceptance (DIFN) of soybean at various growth stagesBars superscripted by different lowercase are significantly different at P<0.05.

2.3 生物产量

各品种生物产量均在R6期最大(图5)。杂交大豆品种R2~R7期生物产量均显著或极显著高于常规品种。根据各时期生物产量, 用Logistic方程动态模拟(表2), 杂交大豆品种两年生物产量平均积累速度( V)和最大积累速度( V_m)分别为0.49 g d^-1和1.20 g d^-1, 常规品种两年 V和 V_m分别为0.43 g d^-1和1.00 g d^-1, 杂交大豆 V和 V_m均显著高于常规品种。杂交大豆品种平均干物质积累速率加快时间(t1)和干物质积累速率开始减缓的时间(t2)分别比常规品种提前3.09 d及5.85 d。说明杂交大豆前期干物质积累速度较快, 早发优势明显。

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	图5 不同生育时期大豆生物产量柱上小写字母不同表示在0.05 水平上差异显著。Fig. 5 Biomass of soybean at different stagesBars superscripted by different lowercase are significantly different at P<0.05.

表2 单株生物产量积累的Logistic模型及其特征值 Table 2 Logistic equation and its feature of dry matter accumulation per plant

2.4 农艺性状

杂交大豆株高与常规大豆差异不显著, 两年杂交大豆株高87.1~106.5 cm, 常规品种株高105.3~ 117.9 cm。杂交大豆分枝数和茎粗显著高于常规品种, 杂交大豆平均分枝数2.3个, 常规大豆平均分枝数0.42个。杂交大豆结荚高度显著低于常规品种, 杂交大豆平均为22.8 cm, 常规大豆平均为26.7 cm。杂交大豆与常规品种的百粒重差异不显著(表3)。

表3 大豆农艺性状 Table 3 Agronomic traits of soybean

2.5 产量及构成因素

杂交大豆品种平均产量均显著高于常规品种, 2010—2011年分别增产13.9%和16.7% (图6)。杂交大豆1号倒数6~10节及杂交大豆2号倒数1~10节位荚、粒重显著高于吉育72, 但与吉林30差异不显著(表4)。杂交大豆主茎荚、粒总重与常规大豆差异不显著(表4和图7)。杂交大豆分枝荚、粒重分别为4.6 g和3.4 g, 常规大豆分别为1.05 g和0.68 g, 分枝荚、粒重均极显著高于常规品种(图8)。说明分枝粒重对杂交大豆高产贡献较大。

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	图6 不同品种产量柱上小写字母不同表示在0.05 水平上差异显著。Fig. 6 Yield of each soybean cultivarBars superscripted by different lowercase are significantly different at P<0.05.

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	图7 2011年大豆主茎荚、粒重柱上小写字母不同表示在0.05 水平上差异显著。Fig. 7 Pod weight and grain weight per plant on main stem in 2011Bars superscripted by different lowercase are significantly different at P<0.05.

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	图8 不同品种分枝荚、粒重PWPPB: 单株分枝荚重; SWPPB: 单株分枝粒重。柱上小写字母不同表示在0.05 水平上差异显著。Fig. 8 Pod weight and grain weight per plant on branch of each cultivarPWPPB: pods weight per plant on branch; SWPPB: grain weight per plant on branch. Bars superscripted by different lowercase are significantly different at P<0.05.

表4 2010年不同品种主茎荚、粒重分布 Table 4 Distribution of pod weight and grain weight on main stem of each cultivar in 2010 (g)

2.6 收获指数

杂交大豆与常规品种R7期籽粒占各器官比例和粒茎比差异均不显著(图9和图10)。说明杂交大豆虽然生物产量高, 经济系数并没有显著提高。

3 讨论

3.1 冠层特性

光合指标和叶面积指数是衡量光合产物多少及群体结构优势的重要指标, 光合速率也与产量呈正相关^{[ 23, 24]}, 且生育后期的光合功能直接影响籽粒产量^{[ 25, 26, 27]}。叶面积指数动态决定获得光能最佳态势, LAI过大、过小或猛升、陡降, 均难获得高产^{[ 28, 29, 30]}。大豆高产群体的最大叶面积指数一般为5~6, 甚至大于6^{[ 31]}。本研究中杂交大豆R6期以后叶绿素含量, R2~R7期光合速率和R2~R4期叶面积指数均显著高于常规品种, 其中杂交大豆R7期光合速率极显著高于常规品种。杂交大豆R3期最大叶面积指数已超过8, 高于适宜最大叶面积指数。杂交大豆株高与常规品种相似, 高叶面积指数与杂交大豆三出复叶叶面积较大和分枝上生长较多叶片有关。2010年本课题采用杂交豆2号品种, 初花期喷施生长抑制剂多效唑(PP333)和稀效唑(S3307), 控制最大叶面积指数, 结果显著提高了杂交大豆产量(图11)。说明杂交大豆在叶面积指数最大时群体结构是有些郁闭的。但本文结果表明, 郁闭冠层没有使生育后期杂交大豆叶面积指数陡降, R5~R7期叶面积指数与常规大豆差异不显著, 说明杂交大豆的群体耐阴蔽能力较强。因此, 高光合速率和叶面积指数动态使杂交大豆群体叶片的保绿期显著增强, 说明叶片的保绿期与品种产量密切相关^{[ 32, 33, 34]}。以上分析表明, 今后育种中通过缩小三出复叶面积或化控栽培方法, 在保障杂交大豆功能优势同时改善群体结构, 可进一步提高其产量潜力。

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	图9 R7期大豆籽粒占生物产量比例柱上小写字母不同表示在0.05 水平上差异显著。Fig. 9 Ratio of grain weight to biomass of soybean at R7 stageBars superscripted by different lowercase are significantly different at P<0.05.

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	图10 大豆成熟期粒茎比柱上小写字母不同表示在0.05 水平上差异显著。Fig. 10 Ratio of grain weight to stem weight of soybeanBars superscripted by different lowercase are significantly different at P<0.05.

	Figure Option View Download New Window
	图11 喷施生长抑制剂对杂交大豆2号产量影响柱上小写字母不同表示在0.05 水平上差异显著。Fig. 11 Effects of spraying growth inhibitor on yield of soybean hybridsBars superscripted by different lowercase are significantly different at P<0.05.

3.2 生物产量及经济系数

作物的经济产量由生物产量与经济系数共同决定, 研究表明, 要提高产量必须提高生物学产量^{[ 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40]}, 但对经济系数研究结果不一致^{[ 37, 38, 39, 40]}。杂交大豆品种R2~R7期生物产量均显著或极显著高于常规品种, 其平均积累速度和最大积累速度分别比常规品种大0.06 g d^-1和0.20 g d^-1, 且干物质快速积累时间提前, 积累早发优势明显。杂交大豆R7期籽粒占生物产量比例以及粒茎比与常规大豆差异不显著。说明杂交大豆生物产量提高对产量贡献较大。

3.3 农艺性状及产量构成

产量是产量构成因素相互协调的结果, 其贡

献大小结论并不一致, 一些学者认为单株籽粒数量更重要^{[ 41, 42]}, 另一些学者认为百粒重更重要^{[ 43, 44]}, 还有的认为分枝籽粒对产量贡献较大^{[ 45]}。杂交大豆茎粗和分枝数显著高, 其分枝主要为长分枝, 高度比主茎略低, 荚、粒数较多, 植株最低结荚主要生长在分枝上。植株荚、粒重分布表明, 杂交大豆主茎6~10节荚、粒分布显著高, 但由于主茎下部荚、粒重略低, 使主茎荚、粒重与常规品种差异未达显著水平。但杂交大豆分枝数荚、粒重极显著高于常规品种。说明杂交大豆分枝产量对其产量贡献较大。

4 结论

杂交大豆与常规大豆相比, 生殖生长期光合速率和LAI显著提高, 增加了群体叶片保绿期; 生物产量积累速度显著增加, 干物质积累早发优势显著; 保障主茎籽粒产量同时, 使分枝获得较高的产量。因此, 强大的冠层生理优势和高生物产量是杂交大豆获得高产的生物学基础。

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

作者已声明无竞争性利益关系。The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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1999

0.0

... 杂种优势的利用是大幅度提高农作物产量的有效手段, 水稻、玉米、高粱等作物的杂交种应用, 对世界粮食增产起了重要作用^[1] ...

2000

2.474

0.0

... Guleria等^[2]以13个亲本配制30个组合的研究结果表明, F₁籽粒产量的杂种优势为22 ...

1984

1.641

0.0

... Randall等^[3]采用核不育系生产杂种进行杂种优势测定结果显示, 27个组合中有5个组合杂种产量明显高于高亲 ...

2001

0.0

0.7823

Chin Agric Bull. 2001, (2):27 - 29

Selection of High-superiority Cross Combination for Soybean Heterosis and Its Stability Analysis

大豆杂种优势高优势组合筛选及稳定性分析

WangZhixin;GUOTai;QINing;ZhangRongchang;HuXiping;WUXiuhong

王志新;郭泰;齐宁;张荣昌;胡喜平;吴秀红

经过1996～2000年5年的研究，共配制杂种优势测定组合199个，通过第一次产量鉴定表明,大豆具有明显的杂种优势,并筛选出F1超高亲、超对照优势率均为正值，且二者平均值大于10％的较强优势组合161个，占全部组合的80.9％。F1 超高亲、超对照优势率均大于20 ％的高优势组合69个占全部组合的34％。并通过第二次产量鉴定进一步筛选出稳定的高优势组合4个，即合9661、9672、9731、97143。此外研究结果还表明，大豆杂种优势具有较好的稳定性，在不同年度、不同地点优势率变化不大，且趋势一致。

Abstract：

199 crossing combinations of Soybean heterosis were stadied i n 1996～2000. The first yield test indicated that the soybean had clea r heterosis . At the same time, 161 comparative high-superiority combinatio ns selected by the test amounted to 80.9% in total. And 69 combinations are amang the high-superiority crosses in total with 34%. From the second test, four stable high-superiority crosses were selected, They are 9661, 9672, 9 731, 97143. Additionally, The results proved that the soybean heterosis ha d better stability and varied a little with different years and places.

... 王志新等^[4]对199个组合的杂种优势测定结果显示, 高亲与对照优势率均在20%以上的组合占34% ...

2002

0.0

0.7571

Soybean Sci. 2002, (3):161 - 167

STUDIES ON HETEROSIS AND SCREENING OF HIGHLY HETEROTIC COMBINATIONS IN SOYBEAN Ⅰ.F1 SEED YIELD HETEROSIS AND SCREENING OF HIGHLY HETEROTIC COMBINATIONS

大豆杂种优势及其高优势组合选配的研究Ⅰ.F1代子粒产量的杂种优势与高优势组合选配

王曙明^[1];孙寰^[1];王跃强^[1];赵丽梅^[1];李楠^[2];付连舜^[3];李卫东^[4];齐宁^[5];邢邯^[6];李磊^[7]

本研究的主要目的是明确大豆杂种优势的大小,探讨大豆杂种优势的遗传规律,筛选出一批高优势组合.试验共选用国内与国外引入的优良大豆品种(品系)715份做亲本,其中国内品种(品系)624个,国外引入品种(品系)91个,从1996至2000年分别在七个地点配制杂交组合1326个,并进行F1代子粒产量测定.试验采用间比法按熟期组及组合顺序排列,二次重复,以当地相近熟期组的主推品种为对照品种.从中筛选出176个优势较高的组合,进行第二次产量测定,方法与第一次测产相同,试验在二个地点同时进行.研究结果表明,高亲优势率平均为6.8%,对照优势率平均为11.9%,高亲优势率超过30%以上的组合占19.8%,对照优势率超过30%以上的组合占25.3%,高亲与对照优势率同时超过20%以上的组合占18.3%.对不同类型组合杂种优势的分析显示,"本地品种×本地品种"组合的杂种优势低于"本地(引入)品种×引入品种"的组合,而"本地(引入)品种×引入品种"组合的杂种优势又低于"中国品种×国外品种"的组合,这种趋势是较为明显的.二次测产组合结果显示,高亲优势率平均为22.5%,对照优势率平均为21.1%,高亲与对照优势率同时超过20%以上的组合占22.1%.这说明从一次测产组合中筛选出的高优势组合有大部分会被淘汰掉,而通过二次测产所筛选出的高优势组合应具有一定的可靠性.通过二次测产,最终筛选出39个高优势组合.

... 王曙明等^[5]对国内1326个组合杂种优势的测定结果表明, 高亲与对照优势率均在20%以上的组合占18 ...

2009

0.0

0.6276

Crops. 2009, (5):84 - 86

Status on Exploitation of Heterosis in Soybean in Foreign Countries

国外大豆杂种优势利用技术发展动态

WangShuming^[1];FanXuhong^[2];ZhangBaoshi^[3]

王曙明^[1];范旭红^[2];张宝石^[3]

杂种优势利用是大幅度提高大豆产量的有效措施之一.概述了国外在大豆杂种优势研究、不育系研究以及传粉技术研究方面的技术进展,对我国从事大豆杂种优势利用研究的科技人员具有一定借鉴作用.

... 美国较早开展大豆杂种优势研究, 但至今没有育成可商业化的杂交种^[6] ...

2009

0.0

0.7571

... 我国大豆杂种优势利用研究起步较晚, 但发展较快, 吉林省农业科学院、南京农业大学及安徽省农业科学院等单位大豆杂种优势利用研究在国际上已经形成了群体优势^[7] ...

2008

0.0

... 吉林省农业科学院于1993年育成世界上第一个大豆细胞质雄性不育系, 并于1995年实现栽培大豆“三系”配套, 2002年育成并审定了世界上第一个大豆杂交种^[8], 目前我国已审定10个大豆杂交种, 均具有显著增产效果 ...

... 自从杂交大豆问世以后, 研究表明杂交豆1号自我调节能力强, 个体发育明显好于常规品种^[8], 杂优豆1号具有茎秆粗壮, 分枝较多特点^[19] ...

2002

0.0

... 超高产杂交水稻光能和CO₂利用效率、抗光抑制能力、C₄途径酶表达水平明显增高^[9,10] ...

2002

1.0

0.0

Photosynthetica. 2002, 40(1):133 - 137 DOI:10.1023/A:1020135416177

Comparison of Some Photosynthetic Characters Between Two Hybrid Rice Combinations Differing in Yield Potential

1.Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences
2.China National Hybrid Rice Research and Development Center

Photosynthetic characteristics of two hybrid rice combinations, Peiai 64S/E32 and Shanyou 63, were compared at the panicle differentiation stage. As compared with Shanyou 63, the new combination Peiai 64S/E32 showed a significantly higher net photosynthetic rate (P_N), apparent quantum yield of carbon assimilation ( PHgr

_c), carboxylation efficiency (CE), and photorespiratory rate (R_P) as well as leaf chlorophyll content, but a significantly lower dark respiration rate (R_D) and compensation irradiance (I_c). It also showed a slightly higher photochemical efficiency (F_v/F_m and Delta

F/F_m

) of photosystem 2, a lower non-photochemical quenching (q_N), and a similar CO₂ compensation concentration ( Gamma

) as compared to Shanyou 63.

... 超高产杂交水稻光能和CO₂利用效率、抗光抑制能力、C₄途径酶表达水平明显增高^[9,10] ...

2004

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1.8267

Acta Agron Sin. 2004, 30(4):308 - 314

The Characteristics of Photooxidation and Genetic Performance in Leaves of Super High-yielding Hybrid Rice Peiai64S/E32 and Its Parental lines

超高产水稻培矮64S/E32及其亲本叶片的光氧化特性和遗传特点

OU Zhi-Ying;PENG Chang-Lian;LIN Gui-Zhu

欧志英;彭长连;林桂珠

South China Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650,Guangdong

Photooxidative characteristics and physiological mechanism in leaves of super high-yielding hybrid rice Peiai64S/E32 and its parental lines were investigated by photooxidative treatment mediated with 200 µmol/L of exogenous methyl viologen under a PPFD of 2 000 µmol·m-2·s-1 for 1 h. Me

通过外源MV光氧化处理（200 µmol/L MV，PPFD 2 000 µmol·m-2·s-1，1 h）研究超高产杂交水稻培矮64S/E32及其父本（E32）、母本（培矮64S）叶片的耐光氧化性及其生理机理。与只照强光的对照相比，光氧化导致电解质渗漏率增加，膜脂过氧化加剧，降低PSⅡ活性（Fv/Fm、ΦPSⅡ）及叶绿素荧光猝灭（qP、NPQ），增加

... 群体动态、抗倒力、库容等方面也具有较大优势^[11,12,13] ...

2004

0.0

1.8267

Acta Agron Sin. 2004, 30(4):393 - 397

Characteristics of Photoinhibition and Early Aging in Super-hybrid Rice (Oryza sativa L.) “Liangyoupeijiu” and It’s Parents at Late Development Stage

超级杂交稻两优培九及其亲本生育后期的光抑制和早衰特性

WANG Rong-Fu;Zhang Yun-Hua;Jiao De-Mao;Qian Li-Sheng;Yu Jiang-Long

王荣富;张云华;焦德茂;钱立生;于江龙

College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei 230036，Anhui

With the materials of super-hybrid rice “Liangyoupeijiu” and its female parent Peiai64S and male parent indica rice 9311, relationships between Liangyoupeijiu and it’s parents were studied through chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and key indexes of active oxygen metabolism under natural condit

以超级杂交稻两优培九（培矮64S/9311）和母本培矮64S（PA64S）以及父本中籼9311为材料，研究亲本和后代在自然条件下叶绿素荧光和活性氧代谢的差异。结果表明：强光高温下，在叶片衰老过程中，两优培九的叶绿素、蛋白质含量、PSⅡ原初光化学效率（Fv/Fm）和光化学猝灭系数（qP）减少较少，非光化学猝灭系数（qN）增加不明显

... 群体动态、抗倒力、库容等方面也具有较大优势^[11,12,13] ...

2010

0.0

1.8267

Acta Agron Sin. 2010, 36(9):1547 - 1558 DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2010.01547

Population Characteristics and Formation Mechanism for Super-High- Yielding HybridJaponica Rice (13.5 t hm^-2)

杂交粳稻13.5thm^-2超高产群体动态特征及形成机制的探讨

ZHANG Hong-Cheng¹,WU Gui-Cheng¹,LI De-Jian²,XIAO Yue-Cheng⁴,GONG Jin-Long¹,LI Jie¹,DAI Qi-Gen¹,HUO Zhong-Yang¹,XU Ke¹,GAO Hui¹,WEI Hai-Yan¹,SHA An-Qin³,ZHOU You-Yan³,WANG Bao-Jin⁴,WU Ai-Guo⁴

张洪程¹,吴桂成¹,李德剑²,肖跃成⁴,龚金龙¹,李杰¹,戴其根¹,霍中洋¹,许轲¹,高辉¹,魏海燕¹,沙安勤³,周有炎³,王宝金⁴,吴爱国⁴

1Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation technology in Yangtze Valley,Ministry of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic and Physiology of Jiangsu Province,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009, China;2 Rice Research Institute of xianghua, Fengyuan,Xinghua 22570,China;3Bureau of Agriculture of Xing hua County, Xinghua 225700,China;4 Bureau of Agriculture of Jiangyan County,Jiangyan 225500,China

Population characteristics of super-high-yielding hybridjaponica rice (13.5 t ha^-1) were studied and its formation mechanism was explored using Yongyou 8 as material in Xinghua and Jiangyan. Results showed that population of 13.5 t ha^-1 had more spikelets per panicle and total spikelets than population of 12.0 t ha^-1. There was no significant difference in panicles, filled-grain percentage and 1000-grain weight between populations of 13.5 t ha^-1 and 12.0 t ha^-1. Population of 13.5 t ha^-1 exhibited fewer tillers at the early growth stage and achieved excepted number of stems and tillers at critical leaf-age for productive tillers, whose max number of stems and tillers was at jointing stage and was about 1.3 times of excepted number. Then, the number of population stems and tillers began todecrease stably, which achieved expected number again. At last, ratio of productive tillers to total tillers of 13.5 t ha^-1population was more than 75%, which was higher than that of population of 12.0 t ha^-1.The leaf area index of 13.5 t ha^-1 population was lower than that of 12.0 t ha^-1 population at the early growth stage, and the max leaf area index was about 8.5 at booting, which decreased stably and was above 4.0 at maturity. The photosynthetic potential of population with 13.5 t ha^-1 was small at early stage and larger at middle and late stages, as compared with population with 12.0 t ha^-1. The total photosynthetic potential was above 6.75×10⁶ m² d ha^-1, of which most than 45.0% was from heading to maturity. The dry matter accumulation was smaller compared with population with 12.0 t ha^-1before jointing, and the weight of it was above 60 kg ha^-1 at heading, which was significantly higher than that of population with 12.0 t ha^-1. The total weight of dry matter was above 23.25 t ha^-1, of which above 9.75 t ha^-1 was accumulated from heading to maturity. Formation mechanism of super-high yielding population (13.5 t ha^-1) was that: population quality was enhanced at critical leaf-age for productive tillers through cultivating strong seedlings, germinating low positiontillers and achieved expected number of stems and tillers in time, which formed the biological foundation for high quality population at middle stage; in order to form high photosynthetic efficiency of population structure with strong lodging-resistance and large population spikeletes at heading, suitable number of strong stems and large panicles was cultivated through establishing suitable dynamic and size of population; in order to enlarge sink-filling and keep strength of stems and sheaths, dry matter accumulation was enriched after heading through photosynthetic system smooth and steady fade away.

选用杂交粳稻甬优8号，以国家粮食丰产工程兴化、姜堰实施基地1.0 hm²连片与6.67 hm²连片超高产攻关方为依托，研究了13.5 t hm^-2超高产群体特征，并探讨了群体形成机制。结果表明，较之12.0 t hm^-2左右群体，13.5 t hm^-2群体的穗型大，群体颖花量多(60 000×10⁴ hm^-2以上)，有效穗数、结实率和千粒重与之相当；群体茎蘖于生育前期稳步增长，至有效分蘖临界叶龄期达适宜穗数，高峰苗出现在拔节期，数量少，为预期穗数的1.3倍左右，此后群体平缓下降，至抽穗期达适宜穗数，成穗率高(＞75%)；群体叶面积指数前期增长相对较缓慢，最大值出现在孕穗期，为8.5左右，此后下降缓慢，成熟期仍保持在4.0以上；群体光合势生育前期较小，中、后期较大，总光合势为6.75×10⁶ m² d hm^-2以上，抽穗至成熟期的光合势占总光合势的45.0%以上；群体拔节前干物质积累速度相对较缓、积累量略低，拔节后积累速度较快，至抽穗期群体生物量为13.5 t hm^-2以上，抽穗后积累量亦高，一般为9.75 t hm^-2以上, 总干物重高23.25 t hm^-2以上。13.5 t hm^-2超高产群体形成机制为，依靠精苗，发大蘖，及时够苗，提高够苗期群体质量(有效分蘖临界叶龄期)，为中期高质量群体结构的培育奠定生物学基础；依靠合理的群体动态及其规模，培育适宜数量的壮秆大穗，于抽穗期形成具有强抗倒力和巨量安全库容的高光效群体；依靠平稳消退的光合系统，提高抽穗后群体光合物质生产力，增大群体库容的总充实量，并维持较大的茎鞘强度，增强群体的安全抗倒力。

... 群体动态、抗倒力、库容等方面也具有较大优势^[11,12,13] ...

2010

0.0

1.8267

Acta Agron Sin. 2010, 36(11):1921 - 1930 DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2010.01921

Characteristics of Dry Matter Production and Accumulation and Super-High Yield ofJaponica Super Rice in South China

南方粳型超级稻物质生产积累及超高产特征的研究

WU Gui-Cheng^1,2,ZHANG Hong-Cheng^1,2,*,DAI Qi-Gen^1,2,HUO Zhong-Yang^1,2,XU Ke^1,2,GAO Hui^1,2,WEI Hai-Yan^1,2,SHA An-Qin¹,XU Zong-Jin¹,QIAN Zong-Hua¹,SUN Ju-Ying¹

吴桂成^1,2,张洪程^1,2,*,戴其根^1,2,霍中洋^1,2,许轲^1,2,高辉^1,2,魏海燕^1,2,沙安勤¹,徐宗进¹,钱宗华¹,孙菊英¹

1 Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation Technology in Yangtze Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou 225009, China; 2 Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China

The relationship between dry matter production and yield, dynamics of dry matter accumulation and output and translocation in middle and last stages of three types of populations (High Yield: 8.25–9.75 t ha^-1; Higher Yield: 9.75-11.25 t ha^-1; Super High Yield:＞11.25 t ha^-1) in fourjaponica super rice (Wujing 15, Huaidao 9, Xudao 3 and Changyou 1) were analyzed. The results showed that yield was significantly positively correlated with weight of dry matter at maturity and the dry matter accumulation from heading to maturity, there were parabolic relationships between yield and weight of dry matter at heading in high yield, higher yield and super-high yield populations. Weight of dry matter from jointing to heading was significantly positively correlated with yield from high yield population to higher yield population and from higher yield population to super-high yield population. Super-high yield population had more biomass at maturity than higher yield and high yield populations, and the harvest index was not significantly higher than that of higher yield population, but was significantly higher than that of high yield population. Weight of dry matter, LAI in heading, rate of leaf area of productive tillers, rate of leaf area from flag leaf to 3rd leaf, spikelets of population and spikelets per square centimeter leaf area in middle stage (from jointing to heading) were significantly higher than these of higher yield and high yield populations. Leaf area decreasing per day of super-high yield population from heading to maturity was significantly less than that of higher yield and high yield populations. Leaf area duration, crop growth rate, net assimilation rate, biomass and grain-leaf ratio (filled grains per square centimeter leaf area, grain weight per square centimeter leaf area) from heading to maturity were significantly higher than these of higher yield and high yield populations. Output and translocation of dry matter in super-high yield population from heading to milky stages were significantly higher than these of higher yield and high yield populations, while these from heading to maturity were significantly lower than these of higher yield and high yield populations. Weight per stem and sheath and total filling in maturity of super-high yield population were significantly higher than these of higher yield and high yield populations.

以超级粳稻品种武粳15、淮稻9号、徐稻3号和常优1号为材料，对高产(8.25~9.75 t hm^-2)、更高产(9.75~11.25 t hm^-2)和超高产(＞11.25 t hm^-2) 3个产量等级群体的物质生产与产量的关系、干物质积累、输出与转运等方面进行了系统的比较研究。结果表明，4个超级稻品种成熟期、抽穗至成熟期的干物质重与产量呈极显著正相关，抽穗期干物质重均与产量呈抛物线关系，拔节至抽穗期的干物质重与产量呈极显著正相关(高产—更高产、更高产—超高产以及将3个产量等级综合起来)；从高产到更高产再到超高产，4个超级稻品种的生物学产量不断提高(差异显著)，而超高产群体的经济系数则与更高产水平相当(0.5000以上)，显著高于高产水平；较之更高产、高产群体，超高产群体在生育中期(拔节至抽穗期)干物质积累量大，抽穗期叶面积指数高、株型挺拔、群体质量优[有效叶面积率、高效叶面积率、总颖花量与颖花/叶(cm²)、基部节间粗、单茎茎鞘重均高]，在生育后期(抽穗至成熟期)，光合能力强(叶面积衰减率小，光合势、群体生长率、净同化率高)、干物质积累量高(占生物学产量的40.0%以上)、茎鞘物质的输出与转运协调[实粒/叶(cm²)、粒重(mg)/叶(cm²)均高]。

... 抽穗前、后的物质生产能力以及灌浆后期的光合功能和收获指数是超高产杂交稻高产的关键^[14,15] ...

2005

0.0

1.4083

Chin J Rice Sci. 2005, 19(3):280 - 284

Conception of Late-Stage Vigor Super Hybrid Rice and Its Biological Significance

后期功能型超级杂交稻的概念及生物学意义

CHENG Shi-hua , CAO Li-yong , CHEN Shen-guang , ZHU De-feng , WANG Xi , MIN Shao-kai , ZHAI Hu-qu

程式华;曹立勇;陈深广;朱德峰;王熹;闵绍楷;翟虎渠

China initiated its research program of super rice breeding in 1996, in reference of new plant type rice breeding program of IRRI. The super hybrid rice was depicted as the combination of ideo-plant type and strong subspecies heterosis,and the targeted grain yield for single season cropping in 2005 is 12 t/hm² under the scale of 6.67 hm². The status of super hybrid rice breeding program in China and high-yielding rice breeding program in other countries were introduced. Xieyou 9308, a super hybrid developed by China National Rice Research Institute(CNRRI), showed high-yielding potential in combination with ideo-plant type and vigorous leaf and root in late growth period. It yielded the record of 11 837 kg/hm²under 6 67 hm²and (12 282) kg/hm²in small plot at Xinchang, Zhejiang in 2000. Based on its performance, the conception of late-stage vigor super hybrid rice and its biological significance are formulated. Meanwhile, the further breeding strategy for super hybrid rice is discussed.

在借鉴国际水稻研究所新株型育种经验基础上，我国于1996年开始实施中国超级稻育种计划，采取的技术路线是理想株型塑造与籼粳亚种间杂种优势利用相结合，至2005年的目标产量是在百亩（6.67 hm2）规模下单季稻达到12 t/hm2（800 kg/667 m2）。介绍了国外水稻超高产育种和国内超级稻育种的基本情况，着重介绍了由中国水稻研究所育成的超级杂交稻组合“协优9308”。该组合表现出高产与优良株型的完美结合，生育后期青秆黄熟，结实率高，籽粒饱满。2000年在浙江新昌验收百亩片平均产量达到11 837 kg/hm2，最高产田块产量达到12 282 kg/hm2。以“协优9308”为例，提出了“后期功能型”超级杂交稻的概念和生理特征，并对今后的超级杂交稻育种策略进行了讨论。

... 抽穗前、后的物质生产能力以及灌浆后期的光合功能和收获指数是超高产杂交稻高产的关键^[14,15] ...

2007

0.0

... 高产玉米干物质积累量大、光合效率高、功能期长的群体特征是获得高产的重要保证^[16,17,18] ...

2007

0.0

... 高产玉米干物质积累量大、光合效率高、功能期长的群体特征是获得高产的重要保证^[16,17,18] ...

2007

0.0

1.0045

J Maize Sci. 2007, (3):95 - 98

Studies on Dry Matter Accumulation and Distributive Characteristic in Super High-yield Maize

超高产玉米品种干物质积累与分配特点的研究

黄智鸿^[1];王思远^[2];包岩^[2];梁煊赫^[2];孙刚^[2];申林^[2];曹洋^[2];吴春胜^[2]

以4个玉米品种为试验材料,比较研究了超高产玉米干物质积累和分配的特点.结果表明:高的生物产量是获得高产的物质基础;高产和超高产品种的物质生产优势表现在生育中期和后期,玉米植株个体干物质积累呈S形曲线变化;玉米干物质在各器官的分配随生长中心的转移而发生变化,小喇叭口以前干物质主要分配在叶片,之后转为茎、叶;散粉后,各器官干物质开始向子粒转移,高产品种子粒产量主要来源于生育后期叶片制造的光合产物即成为光合产物的分配中心,并与抽雄后具有较高的叶面积指数且持续时间较长密切相关.

... 高产玉米干物质积累量大、光合效率高、功能期长的群体特征是获得高产的重要保证^[16,17,18] ...

2007

0.0

... 自从杂交大豆问世以后, 研究表明杂交豆1号自我调节能力强, 个体发育明显好于常规品种^[8], 杂优豆1号具有茎秆粗壮, 分枝较多特点^[19] ...

2008

0.0

0.4815

Soybean Bulletin. 2008, (4):46 - 47

High production hybrid soybean new variety HybSoy 2 and hybrid seed production technology

高产杂交大豆新品种杂交豆2号制种技术

彭宝;赵丽梅;王曙明;张伟龙;张景勇;孙寰

杂交豆2号具有高产稳产、抗逆性强、适应性广等特点.2005年通过吉林省农作物品种审定委员会审定.其高产制种技术是选择适宜的制种基地,合理安排播期和行比,及时放蜂,加强田间管理,综合防治病虫害等.

... 杂交豆1号和杂交豆2号具有显著增产效果, 比区试对照平均增产15%以上^[20,21], 本研究以这2个杂交大豆品种和同熟期组区试对照品种为试材, 分析其生殖生长期高产冠层生理及产量构成特性, 明确其增产生理机制, 以期为品种改良和高产高效栽培提供依据 ...

2004

0.0

1.1971

2006

0.0

1.4752

Plant Nutr Fert Sci. 2006, (4):565 - 570

Simulating the dynamics of dry matter and nutrient accumulation of flue-cured tobacco under different boron concentration

硼对烤烟干物质积累和养分吸收的动态模拟

SONGZhen-xia^[1];GAOMing^[1];GUANBo-qian^[2];XUAn-ding^[2];DAIXian-qiang^[3]

宋珍霞^[1];高明^[1];关博谦^[2];许安定^[2];代先强^[3]

采用溶液培养方法,研究了不同硼浓度下烤烟干物质积累动态和养分吸收动态变化特点.结果表明,不同硼浓度下烤烟干物质积累动态和养分吸收动态可用Logistic方程描述.烤烟地上部分和根部干物质积累最大速率和养分吸收最大速率出现日期不同.BO33-浓度为0～200 mg/L的各处理烤烟植株地上部氮、磷、钾养分吸收最大速率出现在干物质积累最大速率之前;而根部则出现在干物质积累最大速率之后.BO33-浓度为0.25～2.00mg/L的各处理烤烟干物质积累和养分吸收最大速率明显高于其他3个处理,并且最大积累速率出现时间均相对较晚.

... a、b、W_m是3个待定系数, 均具有一定的生物学意义^[22] ...

2000

1.0

0.0

Photosynthetica. 2000, 38(2):227 - 232 DOI:10.1023/A:1007222016017

Chain Correlation between Variables of Gas Exchange and Yield Potential in Different Winter Wheat Cultivars

G.M. Jiang(1) N.B. Hao(2) K.Z. Bai(2) Q.D. Zhang(2) J.Z. Sun(2) R.J. Guo(2) Q.Y. Ge(2) T.Y. Kuang(2)

1.Laboratory of Quantitative Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, 100093 Beijing, P. R. China
2.Laboratory of Quantitative Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, 100093 Beijing, P. R. China

Variables of gas exchange of flag leaves and grain yield potentials of five representative winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars varied greatly across different development stages under the same management and irrigation. The cultivars with high yield potential had higher net photosynthetic rate (P_N), PPFD (photosynthetic photon flux density) saturated photosynthetic rate (P_sat), stomatal conductance (g_s), and maximum apparent quantum yield of CO₂ fixation (Φ_m,app) than those with low grain yield, but their dark respiration rate (R_D) and compensation irradiance (I_c) were remarkably lower. Compared with overall increase of yield potential of 71 % from low yield cultivars to high yield ones,P_N,P_sat, Φ_m,app, andg_s were 13, 19, 57, and 32 % higher, respectively; butR_D andI_c decreased by 19 and 76 %, respectively. Such difference was evidently large during anthesis stage (e.g.,P_N by 33 %), which indicated that this period could be the best for assisting further selection for better cultivars. However, transpiration rate (E) and water use efficiency (WUE) differed only little. At different development stages, especially at anthesis,P_N andP_sat were positively correlated with Φ_m,app,g_s, and yield potential, and negatively correlated withR_D andI_c. Thus the high-yield-potential winter wheat cultivars possess many better characters in photosynthesis and associated parameters than the low-yield cultivars.

... 1 冠层特性光合指标和叶面积指数是衡量光合产物多少及群体结构优势的重要指标, 光合速率也与产量呈正相关^[23,24], 且生育后期的光合功能直接影响籽粒产量^[25,26,27] ...

1990

2.474

0.0

. , :null-null

1998

1.0

0.0

1994

1.641

0.0

2007

0.0

2001

0.0

... 叶面积指数动态决定获得光能最佳态势, LAI过大、过小或猛升、陡降, 均难获得高产^[28,29,30] ...

2002

1.794

0.0

... 叶面积指数动态决定获得光能最佳态势, LAI过大、过小或猛升、陡降, 均难获得高产^[28,29,30] ...

1999

0.0

... 叶面积指数动态决定获得光能最佳态势, LAI过大、过小或猛升、陡降, 均难获得高产^[28,29,30] ...

1979

0.0

0.5722

... 大豆高产群体的最大叶面积指数一般为5~6, 甚至大于6^[31] ...

2004

0.0

1.0045

... 因此, 高光合速率和叶面积指数动态使杂交大豆群体叶片的保绿期显著增强, 说明叶片的保绿期与品种产量密切相关^[32,33,34] ...

1995

2.474

0.0

. , :null-null

... 因此, 高光合速率和叶面积指数动态使杂交大豆群体叶片的保绿期显著增强, 说明叶片的保绿期与品种产量密切相关^[32,33,34] ...

1992

0.395

0.0

... 因此, 高光合速率和叶面积指数动态使杂交大豆群体叶片的保绿期显著增强, 说明叶片的保绿期与品种产量密切相关^[32,33,34] ...

2009

2.474

0.0

. 2009, 114(1):91â98-null

... 2 生物产量及经济系数作物的经济产量由生物产量与经济系数共同决定, 研究表明, 要提高产量必须提高生物学产量^{[35,36,37,38,39,40]}, 但对经济系数研究结果不一致^{[37,38,39,40]} ...

2001

1.641

0.0

2009

0.0

1.8267

Acta Agron Sin. 2009, 35(3):506 - 511 DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2009.00506

Physiological Parameters of Super-High Yielding Soybean Cultivar Zhonghuang 35

中黄35超高产群体的生理参数

WEI Jian-Jun^1,2,LUO Geng-Tong²,ZHANG Li²,WANG Xiao-Guang¹,DONG Zuan^1,*

魏建军^1,2,罗赓彤²,张力²,王晓光¹,董钻^1,*

1Agronomy College, Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110161,China;2Crop Institute, Academy of Land-Reclaimable Sciences, Shihezi 832000,China

The objective of this study was to explore the mechanism of high yield via analyzing relatedparameters. Soybean cultivars, Zhonghuang 35 and Xindadou 1 (CK) were grown in arandomized block design with three replications in 2006 and 2007. Thephysiological andecological parameters associated with yield were determined. The results showed that for Zhonghuang 35 and Xindadou 1, the highest leaf area index reached 4.31 and 3.64, respectively, the green duration of leaf weight (LAI > 3) was 50 d and 36 d, total leaf area duration(LAD) at growing season was 2 766 375 and2 385 645 m²d hm^-2, and the harvest index (ratio of seed weight to total plant dry weight) was 37.9% and 33.7%, respectively. Compared with Xindadou 1, the duration of maximum LAI of Zhonghuang 35 was long, the totalLAD at growing season and thephotosynthetic rate at the late stage were high. The theoretical yields of the two cultivars were5 521.5 kgha^-1and4 666.5kg ha^-1. Zhonghuang 35 showed good adaptability to the farmland ecology of the Xinjiang oasis, and gave a seed yield of 5 577kg ha^-1.

为探索新疆绿洲农田生态条件下大豆超高产(≥5 625 kg hm^-2)栽培的产量形成机理，在2006和2007年超高产栽培试验中测定了中黄35的群体生理指标和生态参数，分析了品种群体结构。结果表明，中黄35和新大豆1号(对照)的最大叶面积指数(LAI_max)分别为4.31和3.64，LAI＞3的天数分别持续50 d和36 d；全生育期的总光合势(LAD)分别为2 766 375 m² d和2 385 645 m² d；中黄35生育前期(出苗后第16~58天群体的光合生产率为3.3~5.2 g m^-2 d^-1，而后期(出苗后第72~114天)则为2.52~5.0 g m^-2 d^-1，对照分别为3.8~6.0和0.6~3.5 g m^-2 d^-1；中黄35的生物产量、籽粒产量和经济系数为13 943.2 kg hm^-2、5 521.5 kg hm^-2和39.6%，对照则为13 108.1 kg hm^-2、4 666.5 kg hm^-2和35.63%。和对照相比，中黄35最大叶面积指数持续时间长，全生育期的总光合势高，后期群体的光合生产率大，经济系数高是达到超高产目标的基础。中黄35在新疆绿洲农田栽培，具有良好的适应性。

2005

0.0

1.4522

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2005, 38(2):258 - 264

A Study on Characteristics of Photosynthesis in Super High-yielding Hybrid Rice

超高产杂交稻的光合特性研究

,,,

刘建丰,袁隆平,邓启云,陈立云

国家杂交水稻工程技术研究中心

The morphological features and photosynthetic characteristics of 7 hybrid rice combinations with different canopy structure and super high-yielding potential were studied in comparison with Shanyou 63.The results showed that 4 combinations having significant increase in grain weight per plant compared with Shanyou 63 have advantages including (1) a smaller light extinction coefficient resulted from the more erect leaf blades and longer flag leaves enhanced the capacity of source supply on the basis of significant increase of sink demand (i.e. spikelets per panicle), (2) a higher rate of canopy photosynthesis during grain filling and higher rates of flag leaf photosynthesis at saturating light intensity during different stages (i.e. booting stage,10 days after heading, 30days after heading), (3) More dry matter accumulated in stems and sheaths before heading and translated to grains after flowering efficiently.

对7个冠层形态性状具有一定差异但又具有较高产量水平的杂交稻组合与对照组合汕优63的光合形态生理特性进行了比较研究。结果表明，比对照显著增产的4个组合具有以下光合作用优势：在每穗粒数增加、库容扩大的基础上，剑叶长度增加、叶角较小，冠层各部光的分布比较均匀（消光系数小）; 在孕穗末期、抽穗后10 d和抽穗后30 d的光饱和光合速率及抽穗后10 d的群体光合速率比对照都有不同程度增加；抽穗前茎鞘中能积累较多的光合产物并能有效运转至籽粒。

2001

0.0

1.4083

Chin J Rice Sci. 2001, 15(4):265 - 270

Dry Matter Production Characteristics of Super High Yielding Rice

超高产水稻的干物质生产特性研究

YANG Hui-jie^{1; 2}; LI Yi-zhen²; YANG Ren-cui¹; JIANG Zhao-wei²; ZHENG Jing-sheng²

杨惠杰 1,2; 李义珍2; 杨仁崔 1,*; 姜照伟2; 郑景生2

(¹Institute of Genetics & Crop Breeding; Fujian Agricultural University; Fuzhou 350002; China;²Institute of Rice and Wheat; Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350019, China)

Physiological characteristics of super high yielding rice cultivars, which were bred recently, were studied in Longhai, Fujian and Taoyuan, Yunnan. The results showed that super high yielding rice cultivars accumulated high biomass production. The grain yield were raised with the increase of total dry matter accumulation. The grain yield resulted primarily from biomass production and harvest index contributed little to the grain yield. The production superiority of super high yielding rice was exhibited during the middle and late growth stages and the yield was increased with the increase of net dry matter accumulation during the two stages. The crop growth rate(CGR) of the cultivar during the middle and late growth stages had high positive correlation with the yield. However there was no close correlation between the CGR and the yield during the early stage. The average exportation amount of stem and leaf dry matter contributed 24%(Fujian) or 33%(Yunnan) to grain production. Both stem and leaf dry matter exportation amount and dry matter accumulation after heading had a very significant positive correlation with the grain yield. The contribution of CGR to dry matter accumulation was significantly larger than that of growth duration.

以我国近年育成的超高产水稻品种为材料, 在福建龙海和云南涛源研究分析了超高产水稻品种的高产生理特性。结果表明超高产水稻品种积累了高额的生物量。稻谷产量随干物质积累总量的增加而提高，产量主要取决于生物产量的高低，而收获指数对稻谷产量的贡献较小。超高产水稻干物质生产优势在中期和后期，产量随中期和后期干物质净积累量的增加而提高。中期和后期的群体生长率(CGR)与产量呈高度正相关，而前期CGR与产量的关系不密切。茎叶干物质输出量构成籽粒产量平均为24％（福建龙海）和33％（云南涛源），茎叶干物质输出量和抽穗后干物质积累量均与稻谷产量呈极显著正相关。在同一地点，对干物质积累的作用，CGR显著大于生长日数。

2007

0.0

1.4083

Chin J Rice Sci. 2007, 21(3):287 - 293

Analysis on Dry Matter Production Characteristics of Middle-Season indica Super Hybrid Rice

超级杂交中籼水稻物质生产特性分析

WU Wen-ge , ZHANG Hong-cheng , QIAN Yin-fei , CHENG Ye , XU Jun , WU Gui-cheng , ZHAI Chao-qun , HUO Zhong-yang , DAI Qi-gen

吴文革1, 2 ;张洪程1,*; 钱银飞1;陈烨1;徐军1;吴桂成1;翟超群1;霍中洋1;戴其根1

Six middle-season indica hybrid rice combinations(Shanyou 63 as CK) were used as experimental materials to study dry matter production characteristics of super hybrid rice.There were great advantages for super rice in dry matter production and accumulation and its yield rose as the increase of dry matter accumulation.Grain yield was not significantly correlated with dry matter accumulation before elongation stage,while significantly positively correlated(P<0.05) from elongation to heading stage and significantly positively correlated(P<0.01) from heading to maturity stage.There were more dry matter in vegetative organs at the heading stage in super rice but its contribution to yield was less than 148.5 kg/hm2 averagely(apparent translocation percentage was 2.5% lower than that of the control Shanyou 63).Along with the increase in leaf area index and leaf area duration,the crop growth rate rose.The mean of crop growth rate in super rice was 4542(m2·d)/hm2,higher than that of CK after transplanting.

以具代表性的5个籼型超级稻为材料, 用汕优63作对照, 比较研究了超级中籼杂交稻物质生产与分配的特性。超级稻具有显著的物质生产与积累优势, 产量随成熟期物质积累量的增加而提高。超级稻的物质生产优势集中在中期和后期, 产量与拔节前的干物质积累量相关不显著, 与拔节至抽穗期的积累量呈显著正相关, 与抽穗至成熟期的干物质积累量呈极显著正相关; 超级稻抽穗期营养器官贮存了较多的结构物质但干物质表观输出量均低于对照, 平均少148.5 kg/hm2, 表观输出率也低, 平均低2.5个百分点。超级稻的叶面积及光合势的显著提高促进了群体生产率的提高, 大田期平均群体生产率比对照高4542 (m2·d)/hm2。

2005

2.474

0.0

. 2005, 93(1):85â93-null