重要胡麻栽培品种的抗旱性综合评价及指标筛选

引用本文

罗俊杰, 欧巧明, 叶春雷, 王方, 王镛臻, 陈玉梁. 重要胡麻栽培品种的抗旱性综合评价及指标筛选. 作物学报, 2014, 40(7): 1259-1273
LUO Jun-Jie, OU Qiao-Ming, YE Chun-Lei, WANG Fang, WANG Yong-Zhen, CHEN Yu-Liang. Comprehensive Valuation of Drought Resistance and Screening of Indices of Important Flax Cultivars. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2014, 40(7): 1259-1273 复制到剪切板

Permissions

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

重要胡麻栽培品种的抗旱性综合评价及指标筛选

罗俊杰¹, 欧巧明^1,^*, 叶春雷¹, 王方¹, 王镛臻², 陈玉梁^1,^*

¹甘肃省农业科学院生物技术研究所, 甘肃兰州 730070

²甘肃农业大学资源与环境学院, 甘肃兰州 730070

^* 通讯作者(Corresponding authors): 欧巧明, E-mail:ouqiaoming@163.com, Tel: 0931-7612685; 陈玉梁, E-mail:chenyl925@163.com, Tel: 0931-7616636

第一作者联系方式: E-mail:hnsljjie@163.com, Tel: 0931-7612658

收稿日期:2014-03-04

基金:本研究由国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-17-SYZ-6)资助;

摘要

以15份国内胡麻栽培品种为材料, 设自然降雨和正常灌水2个处理, 考察与抗旱性相关的7个农艺性状、8个生理生化指标及产量指标, 采用综合抗旱系数、因子分析、隶属函数、聚类分析和灰色关联度分析相结合的方法, 对其抗旱性进行综合评价、抗旱型划分和评价指标筛选。结果显示, 相关性状指标对干旱胁迫的反应及关联程度各异, 可优先选择与抗旱性关系密切的产量及其相关性状、光合作用因子、叶片抗氧化因子等相关生理生化性状; 因子分析表明, 6个公因子可代表胡麻抗旱性90.89%的原始数据信息量。基于抗旱性度量值(drought resistance comprehensive evaluation values, D值)和加权抗旱系数(weight drought resistance coefficient, WDC值)的各品种抗旱性排序相近, 位居前6位的抗旱品种相同。各品种D值与综合抗旱系数(comprehensive drought resistance coefficient, CDC值)、WDC值、产量抗旱系数(yield drought resistance coefficient, Y值)之间均呈极显著正相关, 而各品种Y值与CDC、WDC值间极显著正相关; 据D值将供试品种划分为5个抗旱级别, 可较好地反映品种的选育条件及适应地区。试验结果说明以D值为主要参数, 以WDC为辅助评价参数, 评价以产量为主要考量目标的胡麻抗旱性是适宜且准确的; 以抗旱性综合评价方法进行胡麻抗旱性综合评价、抗旱型划分、评价指标筛选是准确的。

关键词: 胡麻; 农艺性状; 生理生化指标; 抗旱性综合评价; 隶属函数

Comprehensive Valuation of Drought Resistance and Screening of Indices of Important Flax Cultivars

LUO Jun-Jie¹, OU Qiao-Ming^1,^*, YE Chun-Lei¹, WANG Fang¹, WANG Yong-Zhen², CHEN Yu-Liang^1,^*

¹Biotechnology Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China

²College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China

Fund:

Abstract

Seven main agronomic traits, eight physiological indices and yield index of 15 main flax cultivars in China were measured during maturity under the conditions of irrigation and natural rainfall. Comprehensive drought resistance coefficient (CDC value), factor analysis, subordinate function coefficients, clustering analysis, grey relational analysis were used to evaluate the drought resistance, classify drought resistance type and select evaluation indices in tested flax cultivars. The response to drought stress and correlations of tested traits and indices were different. Yield and photosynthesis factors as well as leaf antioxidant factors were closely associated with drought resistance, so could be used as priority indicator of drought resistance evaluation. Factor analysis showed that six common factors could represent 90.89% of the original information of flax drought resistance data. The ranks of drought resistance of tested flax cultivars based on drought resistance comprehensive evaluation values (D value) and weight drought resistance coefficient (WDC value) were similar, the drought resistance was the same for six flax cultivars, arranging from the first to third in drought resistance. D values of tested flax cultivars had significant and positive correlation with CDC value, WDC value and Y value. Y values of tested flax cultivars also had very significant and positive correlation with CDC value and WDC value. According to D value clustering analysis, tested cultivars were divided into five grades in drought resistance, reflecting the diffirence of cultivars in breeding condition and adaptive region growing well. Drought resistance evaluated mainly with yield by D value as index and WDC value as auxiliary index in flax were appropriate and accurate. Drought resistance comprehensive evaluation methods can be used in studying exactly drought resistance evaluation, classification of drought resistant type and screening evaluation indices in flax.

Keyword: Flax; Agronomic traits; Physiological and biochemical indices; Drought resistance comprehensive evaluation; Subordinate function coefficients

Show Figures

胡麻( Linum usitatissimumL.)即油用亚麻, 是中国西北、华北等年降水量300~500 mm的旱作农业区重要的油料作物^{[ 1, 2, 3]}, 具有耐瘠薄、喜阴凉、耐旱、耐寒等特点, 在抗旱资源方面具有独特研究价值。研究国内胡麻品种抗旱性及其综合评价方法和鉴定指标, 对胡麻抗旱育种、抗旱资源利用及品种的生产应用与合理布局具有重要意义。

作物抗旱性鉴定需要将形态、生理生化、产量等指标相结合, 且对各个时期的抗旱性综合评价^{[ 4]}。因此, 简单、有效的鉴定指标及其评价方法的合理选择是抗旱性鉴定的关键^{[ 2]}。近年来, 国内外学者从不同角度研究和提出了作物抗旱性鉴定的试验设计、指标选择、评价方法及抗旱性分级等问题^{[ 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]}, 针对不同作物和不同育种需求的更加全面的抗旱评价方法已在小麦^{[ 1, 11]}、大豆^{[ 12, 13]}、油菜^{[ 14, 15]}、谷子^{[ 16]}、水稻^{[ 9]}、玉米^{[ 17]}、棉花^{[ 18]}、胡麻^{[ 2, 19]}等作物上应用, 如主成分分析法、隶属函数法、聚类分析法等。目前普遍认为, 多指标多方法相结合的抗旱性综合评价更加真实、可靠^{[ 2]}。

前人研究多侧重于以胡麻种质资源为材料^{[ 2]}或针对某种农艺性状、生理生化指标单独分析, 而针对胡麻抗旱相关生理指标且采用抗旱性综合评价方法的研究鲜见报道。为了探讨国内胡麻栽培品种抗旱性及其与主要性状间的关系。本研究在分析干旱处理和灌水条件下与胡麻抗旱性相关的多个农艺性状及生理生化性状基础上, 对国内15个胡麻栽培品种的抗旱性综合评价, 试图明确其抗旱性评价中可借鉴的性状指标及简单、可靠的方法, 以期为抗旱育种及品种生产应用提供参考。

1 材料与方法

1.1 试验材料与处理

分别于2011年和2012年在甘肃省兰州市榆中县良种场种植15份目前国内主要胡麻种植区大面积应用的育成品种(表1)。试验点海拔1480 m、年平均气温6.7℃、无霜期148 d、年平均降水量 381.6 mm、年蒸发量1343.1 mm。所选试验地含有机质17.13 g kg^-1、全氮0.94 g kg^-1、全磷0.76 g kg^-1、全钾22.98 g kg^-1、碱解氮38.65 mg kg^-1、速效磷24.37 mg kg^-1、速效钾132.67 mg kg^-1, pH 7.88。

表1 干旱胁迫处理和正常灌溉处理条件下的供试胡麻品种主要农艺性状性状测定值及其均值差异分析 Table 1 Measured value of main agronomic traits of tested flax cultivars under drought stress and irrigation and its mean variance analysis

采用随机区组排列, 分别设干旱胁迫(自然降雨, 全生育期不灌溉)和对照(全生育期灌水2次) 2个处理, 重复3次。每处理15个品种, 小区面积24 m²(6 m×4 m), 行距20 cm, 于4月7日人工开沟撒播, 种植密度900万粒 hm^-2, 干旱胁迫与对照处理间隔5 m, 种植保护区, 处理间小区边界均用培土分离, 播种前施尿素300 kg hm^-2和磷酸二氢铵150 kg hm^-2, 按当地大田生产管理。

1.2 试验区胡麻生育期降水及土壤水分状况

图1反映了2011—2012年试验区胡麻全生育期(1月至8月)降雨量的动态趋势, 反映出本试验区降雨时空分布不均衡的特征, 说明自然降雨是胡麻生长季节干旱胁迫时水分的唯一补给来源。图2反映了2011—2012年试验区田间土壤含水量(soil water content, SWC)测试结果及其动态趋势, 相同处理不同土层深度SWC间差异明显(图2); 同一土层深度在盛花前期(6月9日) (均值差 dj = -1.344, t = 0.474, P = 0.478)和盛花后期(7月16日) (均值差 dj = -0.278, t = 0.4203, P = 0.6853) 在干旱胁迫和正常灌水处理间SWC差异不显著, 但在盛花期(6月27日) (均值差 dj = -6.578, t = 17.364, P = 0.0001)差异达极显著水平(图2), 相同处理3个测定时间的SWC差异亦达显著或极显著水平。说明干旱胁迫处理在胡麻盛花期SWC下降最明显, 水分透支严重, 胡麻受干旱胁迫亦最显著, 说明在该区域正常年份利用自然降雨控制田间水分, 实现对胡麻的干旱胁迫并加以研究是可行的。所以选择以盛花期筛选抗旱指标及评价抗旱性。

	Figure Option View Download New Window
	图1 2011-2012年试验区胡麻全生育期(1月至8月)旬降雨量动态Fig. 1 Dynamic of average rainfall of each ten-day at the whole growth period (from Jan. to Aug.) of flax in 2011-2012

	Figure Option View Download New Window
	图2 胡麻生育期不同土层深的土壤水分变化Fig. 2 Soil moisture changes of different depth in different seasons of flax growth period

1.3 考察性状与方法

在胡麻盛花期对每小区每品种材料取样, 参考邹琦^{[ 20]}的《植物生理学实验指导》的方法, 分别测定相关生理生化性状(表3)。采用80%丙酮-无水乙醇浸提比色法(mg g^-1)测定叶片叶绿素a (chlorophyll a, Chl a)、叶绿素b (chlorophyll b, Chl b)和总叶绿素(total chlorophyll, TChl)含量, 采用硫代巴比妥酸比色法(μmol mg^-1)测定丙二醛含量(malondialdehyde, MDA); 采用紫外吸收法(U mg^-1 min^-1)、抑制NBT光还原比色法(U mg^-1)、愈创木酚法(U mg^-1 min^-1)分别测定过氧化氢酶(catalase, CAT)活性、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(peroxidase, POD)活性, 采用电导仪法测定细胞膜透性。每小区每品种材料取样3份, 每份样品重复测定3次, 并计算平均值, 最后取两年度平均值作为供试指标测定值。

在胡麻成熟后每小区每品种取样20株考种, 参照《胡麻种质资源描述规范和数据标准》^{[ 21]}, 测定株高、工艺长度、有效分枝数、单株果数、不实果数、单株产量、千粒重等产量相关农艺性状, 全区收获统计小区产量, 求其平均值, 最后取两年度平均值作为供试性状测定值。

1.4 数据统计分析

参考兰巨生^{[ 22]}、祁旭升等^{[ 2]}、罗俊杰等^{[ 18]}、谢小玉等^{[ 15]}、孟庆立等^{[ 16]}和尹利等^{[ 23]}的方法, 以2011和2012年供试胡麻品种各小区农艺性状和生理生化性状测定值作为基础数据, 对各性状测定值进行平均数差异显著性分析, 按公式(1)和(2)分别计算单项抗旱系数(drought resistance coefficient, DC)及综合抗旱系数(comprehensive drought resistance coefficient, CDC), 式中 x _i 、 CK _i表示干旱、对照处理的性状测定值。

DC=

, i=1, 2, 3, …, n (1)

CDC=

, i=1, 2, 3, …, n (2)

按公式(3)计算因子权重系数( ω _i), 式中 P _i为第 i个综合指标贡献率, 表示第 i个指标在所有指标中的重要程度。

ω _i=

, i=1, 2, 3, …, n(3) (3)

按公式(4)计算各基因型各综合指标的隶属函数值[ μ( x _i)], 式中 x _i、 x _i_min、 x _i_max分别表示第 i个综合指标及第 i个综合指标的最小值、最大值。

μ( x _i)=

, i=1, 2, 3, …, n(4)

根据因子权重( ω _i)及隶属函数值[ μ( x _i)], 按公式(5)计算抗旱性度量值(drought resistance compre-hensive evaluation values, D)。

, i=1, 2, 3, …, n (5)

按公式(6)、(7)计算关联系数(ξ _i)及关联度(γ _i), 式中为二级最小差, 为二级最大差, ρ为分辨系数(取值0.5)。

ξ _i( k)=

, k=1, 2, 3, …, n; i=1, 2, 3, …, n (6)

γ _i=

, k=1, 2, 3, …, n (7)

根据各性状关联度 γ _i, 按公式(8)计算各性状指标权重系数[ ω _i₍ _γ₎], 并据公式(9)计算加权抗旱系数(weight drought resistance coefficient, WDC), 式中 γ _i为各基因型关联度。

ω _i₍ _γ₎=

, i=1, 2, 3, …, n (8)

WDC=

, i=1, 2, 3, …, n (9)

最后针对供试胡麻品种D值, 采用欧式距离和加权配对算术平均法(weighted pair group method average, WPGMA)进行聚类分析, 划分抗旱级别; 并分别以D值、CDC值、WDC值为参考序列, 对各性状DC值进行逐步回归分析, 求取回归方程。

采用Microsoft Excel 2003和SPSS 18.0分析软件处理数据。

2 结果与分析

2.1 试验材料的代表性及其性状测定值分析

供试胡麻品种主要农艺性状两年度测定平均值的差异显著性分析(配对处理 t检验)表明(表1) , 干旱对供试品种主要农艺性状测定值均有显著影响, 除有效分枝数外( P>0.05), 处理间差异均达极显著水平( P<0.01), 品种间差异亦达显著水平( P<0.05), 品种间变异系数介于0.061~0.543。说明本试验所选胡麻品种类型较丰富, 所选主要农艺性状对干旱胁迫反应较为敏感, 干旱处理试验效果较好, 具有较好代表性。

供试品种主要生理指标2年度测定平均值的差异显著性分析表明(表2), 干旱对供试品种生理指标测定值均有明显影响, 除TChl、CAT外( P>0.05), 处理间差异均达显著( P<0.05)或极显著水平外( P<0.01), 品种间差异亦达显著水平( P<0.05), 品种间变异系数介于0.037~1.382。说明本试验干旱处理效果较好, 但所选主要生理指标对干旱胁迫反应敏感性不同, 除TChl、CAT外, 其余指标均较为敏感, 具有较好代表性。

表2 干旱胁迫处理和正常灌溉处理条件下的供试胡麻品种主要生理指标测定值及其均值差异分析 Table 2 Measured values of main physiological indicatros of tested falx cultivars under drought stress and irrigation and its mean variance analysis

另外, 表1和表2还显示供试品种各性状在干旱和正常处理下的测定值相关性差异较大, 这进一步说明各性状敏感性存在较大差异, 采用各性状测定值难以直接考量其抗旱性。

2.2 单项指标与胡麻品种的抗旱性分析

根据1.4节中公式(1)获得各性状抗旱系数(DC值)(表3), 分析表明, 与正常灌水处理相比, 供试品种在生育期持续干旱处理后, 所选性状均发生了不同程度变化。同一性状各品种的DC值差异明显, 变异系数介于0.020~0.385之间, 但不同品种间DC值所反映的抗旱性不同, 且同一品种各性状的DC值存在较大差异(表3), 说明各性状指标对干旱胁迫的敏感程度各异, 且所测指标间的关系复杂, 有必要借助综合抗旱系数(CDC值)及因子分析确定其权重系数( ω)后进行抗旱性综合评价。

表3 供试胡麻品种、生育期及各农艺性状和生理生化指标的抗旱系数 Table 2 Drought resistance coefficients of agronomic traits and physiological indicatros in flax cultivars

采用综合抗旱系数公式(2)获得供试品种CDC值, CDC值介于0.770~1.024之间, 变异系数为0.079。根据CDC值大小对供试品种进行抗旱性排序(表3和表6), 15个供试品种的抗旱性强弱顺序为天亚9号、晋亚7号、坝亚12、伊亚4号、轮选2号、宁亚19、陇亚杂2号、陇亚10号、陇亚8号、陇亚11、定亚23、晋亚10号、晋亚11、坝选3号。

通过各性状DC值的连续变数次数分布统计分析^{[ 2]}, 表明同一区间各性状DC值分布次数和频率相差较大, DC值在0.9表4)。说明千粒重、有效分枝数对干旱胁迫的反应迟钝, 株高、工艺长度、MDA、Chl b次之, 而其他性状则较为敏感。

表4 供试胡麻品种各性状指标的抗旱系数及其在不同区间的分布 Table 4 Drought resistance coefficient of traits indices and diffirent distributions of tested flax cultivars

2.3 因子分析及因子载荷与权重系数评价

采用因子分析对各性状指标DC值进一步分析, 获得特征向量、因子载荷和贡献率(表5), 以便进一步确定和评价抗旱鉴定的重要指标。结果表明, 各因子特征值中前6个因子的累积贡献率已达到90.89%, 其特征根 λ>0.6371。抽取前6个因子, 将具有相同本质的变量归为一类, 可将原来各单项性状指标转换为6个新的相互独立的综合指标(公因子, 用F1、F2、F3、F4、F5、F6表示)。公因子载荷矩阵的载荷系数绝对值表明(表2), F1在单株果实、单株产量、千粒重、Chl a、CAT上有较高荷载量; F2在株高、工艺长度、TChl上有较高载荷量; F3在MDA、Chl b、SOD、产量上有较高载荷量; F4在膜透性、POD上有较高载荷量; F5、F6分别在不实果数、有效分枝数上有较高载荷量。

表5 因子载荷矩阵及方差贡献率 Table 5 Rotated factor pattern and cumulative variance contribution

在获得各公因子特征向量、贡献率的基础上, 据公式(3)计算各公因子权重系数(ω)(表5), 用以计算加权隶属函数值。

2.4 隶属函数分析及其品种的综合抗旱性评价

在获得各公因子特征向量的基础上, 利用模糊隶属函数法, 据公式(4)计算各因子隶属函数值( μ), 并据各因子权重系数( ω), 对各因子隶属函数值( μ)赋予相应权重系数( ω), 按公式(5)计算加权隶属函数值, 作为综合抗旱性度量值(D值), 据此可较准确地评价供试品种的抗旱性, D值越大抗旱性越强(表6)。

表6 不同胡麻品种抗旱性评价的D值、CDC值、WDC值及其预测值 Table 6 Subordinate function value,D value,CDC value,WDC value,and their predict value on flax cultivars based of drought resistance evaluation

供试品种D值介于0.366~0.738之间, 平均值0.488, 变异系数为0.191。根据D值大小对供试胡麻品种进行抗旱性排序(表6), 其顺序为天亚9号、晋亚7号、轮选2号、伊亚4号、坝亚12、宁亚19、陇亚10号、陇亚杂2号、晋亚11、陇亚8号、晋亚10号、定亚23、陇亚11、陇亚杂1号、坝选3号。这与基于CDC值的供试品种的抗旱性强弱评价结果基本吻合。而抗旱性最强的天亚9号D值较所有品种平均值高出11.998%, 远高于其他品种, 这与各品种在生产应用中的多年抗旱性表现相吻合。

2.5 不同性状与D值的灰色关联分析

按照公式(6)和(7), 对所有性状单项抗旱系数(比较数列)与其D值(参考数列)进行灰色关联度分析, 获得各性状DC值与D值间的关联度( γ_D), 结果显示各性状与D值的密切程度依次为单株果实、千粒重、CAT、Chl a、产量、单株产量、MDA、有效分枝、不实果数、SOD、Chl b、膜透性、TChl、株高、工艺长度、POD (表7), 这和各性状DC值与Y值的关联程度相近。

表7 供试胡麻品种各性状抗旱系数与D值、WDC值的关联度及各性状指标权数 Table 7 Correlation degree between drought resistance coefficients of tested traits and D value, WDC value and traits
weight of flax cultivars

上述结果还表明, 与胡麻品种抗旱性关系最为密切的是与产量相关的性状(如单株果实、千粒重、单株产量、产量), 其次是与叶片抗氧化和光合作用有关的生理生化性状(CAT、MDA、Chl a), 它们对干旱胁迫反映最为直接, 且所受影响最大, 因而与抗旱性关联度最大; 而株高、工艺长度与抗旱性关联较弱。

对各性状关联度( γ_D)归一化处理后获得性状指标权重系数[ ω _i₍ _γ₎], 进而获得供试品种加权抗旱系数(WDC值)(表4), 并基于WDC值获得各性状关联度( γ_WDC)(表7), 用以辅助评价各性状与品种抗旱性的关联度及各品种抗旱性。各性状关联度γ_WDC与各性状 γ_D达极显著正相关( r=0.93), 说明各性状同WDC值的密切程度与各性状同D值的密切程度相近, 用WDC值辅助进行品种抗旱性评价是适宜且准确的。

另外, 除株高、工艺长度、不实果数、膜透性、TChl、POD外, 其余性状DC值与CDC值、WDC值之间均呈极显著正相关性( P<0.01), 这和所有性状DC值与D值、Y值均呈极显著正相关的结果相当吻合。说明上述6个性状指标对干旱胁迫的敏感程度相对较小, 但这并不足以认定它们完全不宜作为供试品种抗旱性评价的指标。

2.6 聚类分析及抗旱级别的划分

图3表明参试15份胡麻品种按抗旱性在0.60处分为5类, 其中I级抗旱型1份, II级抗旱型4份, Ⅲ级抗旱型3份, IV级抗旱型6份, V级抗旱型1份。

	Figure Option View Download New Window
	图3 基于D值的供试胡麻品种抗旱性系统聚类图(WPGMA法)Fig. 3 Fuzzy clustering dendrogram (WPGMA) of drought resistance of tested flax cultivars based on D values

按照供试胡麻品种的抗旱性聚类结果及抗旱级别, 对供试品种及其隶属函数( μ)、抗旱性综合评价指标CDC值、D值及WDC值分级显示(表8), 大部分性状指标的隶属函数值( μ)及上述3个评价指标均随抗旱级别的升高而降低, 但个别性状亦存在异常变化。上述3个评价指标在不同抗旱级别上的差异较为明显, 可为其他胡麻品种抗旱级别划分及不同研究者的相关研究结果之间提供可比较的依据。

表8 供试胡麻品种不同抗旱性综合评价指标的分级及其评价数据平均值 Table 8 Classification of drought resistance comprehensive evaluation indices of tested flax cultivars and their
average of evaluation data

2.7 逐步回归分析及抗旱性预测评价

分别利用供试胡麻品种的D值、CDC值、WDC值与所有性状指标抗旱系数进行逐步回归分析, 得到回归方程(表9), 进而据回归方程(1)、(2)、(3)对各指标隶属函数的预测D值与D值、预测CDC值与CDC值、预测WDC值与WDC值做相关性分析, 两两间均达极显著正相关( P < 0.01); 统计分析显示模型方程(1)、(2)、(3)的决定系数 R²≈ 1, F检验均达极显著水平( P < 0.01), 说明预测值与实际值之间拟合度好(Durbin-Watson统计量 d ≈ 2, P < 0.01), 回归方程最优, 其解释能力强, 预测精度高, 用这3个方程进行胡麻品种抗旱性评价预测效果好。

表9 不同胡麻品种抗旱性预测模型及不同综合评价指标间的相关性 Table 9 Predict model of drought resistance and correlation of diffirent comprehensive valuation indices of flax cultivars

据回归方程(1)可知, 在胡麻品种抗旱性鉴定中, 有选择地测定与D值密切相关的指标, 如单株果实、不实果数、MP、TChl、CAT等5个指标, 可有效鉴定胡麻品种的抗旱性, 从而使鉴定工作简单化。

2.8 不同抗旱性综合评价方法及度量指标的比较

基于不同综合评价指标的抗旱性评价结果, 基于WDC值和基于D值, 供试胡麻品种抗旱性排序相近, 与位居前6位的抗旱品种相同。相关性分析显示(表9), 供试品种D值、WDC值、Y值两两之间均呈极显著正相关( P<0.01), 说明以D值为主要抗旱性综合评价指标, 以WDC值作为辅助综合评价指标, 进行以产量为主要考量目标的胡麻抗旱性评价是准确的。

另外, 相关性分析还显示, CDC值与D值、Y值亦达极显著正相关( P<0.01), 但考虑到其在计算过程中未考量各性状指标的敏感程度及权重, 仅据此将其作为抗旱性综合评价指标有待进一步研究。

3 讨论

3.1 关于抗旱评价指标的选择问题

性状指标的合理选择是作物抗旱性鉴定的关键, 对此目前国内外进行了大量研究^{[ 1, 2, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19]}, 并从不同角度提出了抗旱性鉴定的相关性状。Zhang等^{[ 24]}和孟庆立等^{[ 16]}对谷子成株期抗旱性研究认为, 产量性状对干旱胁迫最敏感。Chernyad’ev等^{[ 25]}和王士强等^{[ 1]}认为小麦生理生化性状的影响大于农艺性状; Tambussi等^{[ 26]}和李贵全等^{[ 12]}研究表明大豆农艺性状的综合指标与品种的抗旱性显著相关。然而, 不同鉴定指标对干旱胁迫的敏感程度、不同指标间有何关系, 对抗旱性的贡献等问题, 目前尚无定论, 且多数研究未将农艺性状和生理指标结合起来考虑。

关联度反映的是构成该系统的各性状组成的比较数列和参考数列间的密切程度^{[ 1, 23]}。本研究选取与胡麻抗旱性相关的16个关键农艺性状及生理生化性状为指标, 其结合起来, 从宏观和微观层面对抗旱性的内在机制认识和分析, 结果显示, 与抗旱性度量值(D值)的关联程度较高的6个性状依次为单株果实、千粒重、CAT、Chl a、产量抗旱系数、单株产量, 这和各性状抗旱系数与加权抗旱系数(WDC值)的密切程度相吻合, 说明基于D值和WDC值的性状关联度评价是适宜且准确的, 进而提示我们, 除以产量等核心农艺性状作为胡麻抗旱性筛选指标外, 还应重视CAT、MDA、Chl a等生化指标的分析, 以提高判断的准确性, 这与前人的研究结果是一致的^{[ 9, 15]}。而与小麦等作物明显不同的是, 胡麻株高、工艺长度等性状与其抗旱性关联较弱, 不宜作为品种抗旱性选择的核心指标。

从抗旱性状因子分析的结果可以看出, 单株果实、单株产量、千粒重、Chl a、CAT占据了首要位置, 表明在干旱条件下产量相关性状是胡麻不同基因型间抗旱性的重要体现, 这与祁旭升等^{[ 2]}的研究结果相近; 而干旱条件下的地上部分光合作用和抗氧化能力与其抗旱性密切相关。可见, 除丰产性是胡麻抗旱性重要外在表现外, 良好的逆境生理调控能力、繁茂的生物积累量和流畅的根系物质转储能力^{[ 27]}是影响胡麻抗旱性的重要因素, 这与孟庆立等^{[ 16]}的研究结论相近。

3.2 作物抗旱性的分析方法

近年国内外学者针对不同作物和不同育种需求从不同角度研究和提出了更加全面的抗旱评价鉴定方法^{[ 2, 18, 28, 29, 30, 31]}。目前普遍认为, 多指标多方法相结合的抗旱性综合评价比较可靠^{[ 2]}。本研究认为各性状指标权重及最终核心综合评价指标的确定往往是抗旱性综合评价的关键。

本研究采用D值、综合抗旱系数(CDC值)、WDC值、Y值等综合评价其抗旱性, 确定D值及WDC值为综合评价指标, 进行较确切的聚类分析和抗旱型划分, 并结合灰色关联分析、逐步回归分析筛选关键性状指标, 建立了拟合度较好的回归方程。结果显示, 以D值为主要综合评价指标、以WDC作为辅助综合评价指标, 评价以产量为主要考量目标的胡麻抗旱性是适宜且准确的。虽然CDC值与D值亦达极显著正相关, 但在其计算过程中未考量各性状指标的敏感程度、重要性及权重, 是否能将其作为抗旱性综合评价指标有待进一步研究确认。另外, 本研究依据D值进行抗旱级别的划分, 并提供相应抗旱级别的D值、CDC值和WDC值, 可为其他胡麻品种抗旱级别划分及不同研究者的相关研究结果之间提供可比较的依据。

本研究结果也说明产量相关性状仍是决定胡麻抗旱性的根本因素, 这与孟庆立等^{[ 16]}对谷子成株期抗旱性研究结论相同。而利用本研究所建立最优回归方程可有效预测所测品种抗旱性的强弱, 提高抗旱育种效率。故笔者认为, 基于D值的抗旱性鉴定和抗旱型划分能很好地反映各品种抗旱性、抗旱特点及选育和应用区域, 进而提示我们采用隶属函数法及综合/加权抗旱系数法, 并结合灰色关联分析法评价胡麻品种抗旱性, 结果客观、可靠。

4 结论

采用抗旱性综合评价方法, 确定抗旱性度量值(D值)及加权抗旱系数(WDC值)为综合评价指标, 进行聚类分析和抗旱型划分, 并结合灰色关联分析、逐步回归分析筛选出关键性状指标, 建立了回归方程, 能有效反映各参试品种抗旱性、抗旱特点, 为参试品种在育种及适应区域的合理利用及其他品种(系)的抗旱性鉴定提供有价值的参考。

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

作者已声明无竞争性利益关系。

参考文献

View Option

[1]	王士强, 胡银岗, 佘奎军, 周琳璘, 孟凡磊. 小麦抗旱相关农艺性状和生理生化性状的灰色关联度分析. 中国农业科学, 2007, 40: 2452-2459 Wang S Q, Hu Y G, She K J, Zhou L L, Meng F L. Gray relational grade analysis of agronomical and physi-biochemical traits related to drought tolerance in wheat. Sci Agric Sin, 2007, 40: 2452-2459 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:6] [CJCR: 1.889]
[2]	祁旭升, 王兴荣, 许军, 张建平, 米君. 胡麻种质资源成株期抗旱性评价. 中国农业科学, 2010, 43: 3076-3087 Qi X S, Wang X R, Xu J, Zhang J P, Mi J. Drought-resistance evaluation of flax germplasm at adult plant stage. Sci Agric Sin, 2010, 43: 3076-3087 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:12] [CJCR: 1.889]
[3]	赵利, 党占海, 张建平, 关天霞, 田彩萍. 不同类型胡麻品种资源品质特性及其相关性研究. 干旱地区农业研究, 2008, 26(5): 6-9 Zhao L, Dang Z H, Zhang J P, Guan T X, Tian C P. Study on quality characters and correlation of different types of flax germplasm. Agric Res Arid Areas, 2008, 26(5): 6-9 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1]
[4]	张木清, 陈如凯. 作物抗旱分子生理与遗传改良. 北京: 科学出版社, 2005. pp22-23 Zhang M Q, Chen R K. Molecular Physiological and Genetic Improvement of Crop Drought Tolerance. Beijing: Science Press, 2005. pp22-23(in Chinese) [本文引用:1]
[5]	张正斌. 作物抗旱节水的生理遗传育种基础. 北京: 科学出版社, 2003. pp67-209 Zhang Z B. Fundamentals of Physiological and Genetic Breeding Basis in Crop Drought Resistance and Water Saving. Beijing: Science Press, 2003. pp67-209(in Chinese) [本文引用:1]
[6]	Kamoshita A, Babu R C, Boopathi N M, Fukai S. Phenotypic and genotypic analysis of drought-resistance traits for development of rice cultivars adapted to rainfed environments. Field Crops Res, 2008, 109: 1-23 [本文引用:1] [JCR: 2.474]
[7]	Upadhyaya H D. Variability for drought resistance related traits in the mini core collection of peanut. Crop Sci, 2005, 45: 1432-1440 [本文引用:2] [JCR: 1.513]
[8]	Hura T, Hura K, Grzesiak S. Physiological and biochemical parameters for identification of QTLs controlling the winter triticale drought tolerance at the seedling stage. Plant Physiol Biochem, 2009, 47: 210-214 [本文引用:2]
[9]	王贺正, 马均, 李旭毅, 李艳, 张荣萍, 汪仁全. 水稻开花期一些生理生化特性与品种抗旱性的关系. 中国农业科学, 2007, 40: 399-404 Wang H Z, Ma J, Li X Y, Li Y, Zhang R P, Wang R Q. Relationship between some physiological and biochemical characteristics and drought tolerance at rice flowering stage. Sci Agric Sin, 2007, 40: 399-404 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:4] [CJCR: 1.889]
[10]	武斌, 李新海, 肖木辑, 谢传晓, 郝转芳, 李明顺, 张世煌. 53份玉米自交系的苗期耐旱性分析. 中国农业科学, 2007, 40: 665-676 Wu B, Li X H, Xiao M J, Xie C X, Hao Z F, Li M S, Zhang S H. Genetic variation in fifty three maize inbred lines in relation to drought tolerance at seedling stage. Sci Agric Sin, 2007, 40: 665-676 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:2] [CJCR: 1.889]
[11]	白志英, 李存东, 孙红春, 赵金锋. 小麦代换系抗旱生理指标的主成分分析及综合评价. 中国农业科学, 2008, 41: 4264-4272 Bai Z Y, Li C D, Sun H C, Zhao J F. Principal component analysis and comprehensive evaluation on physiological indices of drought resistance in wheat substitution. Sci Agric Sin, 2008, 41: 4264-4272 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:2] [CJCR: 1.889]
[12]	李贵全, 张海燕, 季兰, 赵二开, 刘建兵, 李玲, 张家蓉. 不同大豆品种抗旱性综合评价. 应用生态学报, 2006, 17: 2408-2412 Li G Q, Zhang H Y, Ji L, Zhao E K, Liu J B, Li L, Zhang J R. Comprehensive evaluation on drought-resistance of different soybean varieties. Chin J Appl Ecol, 2006, 17: 2408-2412 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:3] [CJCR: 1.742]
[13]	孔照胜, 武云帅, 岳爱琴, 李贵全, 彭永康. 不同大豆品种抗旱性生理指标综合分析. 华北农学报, 2001, 16(3): 40-45 Kong Z S, Wu Y S, Yue A Q, Li G Q, Peng Y K. Comprehensive analysis of physiological indexes for drought resistance in different soybean varieties. Acta Agric Boreali-Sin, 2001, 16(3): 40-45 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:2] [CJCR: 0.951]
[14]	朱宗河, 郑文寅, 张学昆. 甘蓝型油菜耐旱相关性状的主成分分析及综合评价. 中国农业科学, 2011, 44: 1775-1787 Zhu Z H, Zheng W Y, Zhang X K. Principal component analysis and comprehensive evaluation on morphological and agronomic traits of drought tolerance in rapeseed (Brassica napus L. ). Sci Agric Sin, 2011, 44: 1775-1787 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:2] [CJCR: 1.889]
[15]	谢小玉, 张霞, 张兵. 油菜苗期抗旱性评价及抗旱相关指标变化分析. 中国农业科学, 2013, 46: 476-485 Xie X Y, Zhang X, Zhang B. Evaluation of drought resistance and analysis of variation of relevant parameters at seedling stage of rapeseed (Brassica napus L. ). Sci Agric Sin, 2013, 46: 476-485 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:4] [CJCR: 1.889]
[16]	孟庆立, 关周博, 冯佰利, 柴岩, 胡银岗. 谷子抗旱相关性状的主成分与模糊聚类分析. 中国农业科学, 2009, 42: 2667-2675 Meng Q L, Guan Z B, Feng B L, Chai Y, Hu Y G. Principal component analysis and fuzzy clustering on drought tolerance related traits of foxtail millet (Setaria italica). Sci Agric Sin, 2009, 42: 2667-2675 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:6] [CJCR: 1.889]
[17]	徐蕊, 王启柏, 张春庆, 吴承来. 玉米自交系抗旱性评价指标体系的建立. 中国农业科学, 2009, 42: 72-84 Xu R, Wang Q B, Zhang C Q, Wu C L. Drought resistance evaluation system of maize inbred. Sci Agric Sin, 2009, 42: 72-84 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:2] [CJCR: 1.889]
[18]	罗俊杰, 石有太, 陈玉梁, 王红梅, 刘新星. 甘肃不同色彩陆地棉抗旱指标筛选及评价研究. 核农学报, 2012, 26: 952-959 Luo J J, Shi Y T, Chen Y L, Wang H M, Liu X X. Screening and wvaluation of drought tolerant indices of colored upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. ) in Gansu. Acta Agric Nucl Sin, 2012, 26: 952-959 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:4]
[19]	石仓吉. 亚麻品种抗旱性评价研究. 干旱地区农业研究, 2008, 26(5): 1-5 Shi C J. Research on assessment of flax drought resistance. Agric Res Arid Areas, 2008, 26(5): 1-5 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:2]
[20]	邹琦. 植物生理学实验指导. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2000. pp41-184 Zou Q. Guidebook of Plant Physiology Experiments. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2000. pp41-184(in Chinese) [本文引用:1]
[21]	王玉富, 粟建光. 亚麻种质资源描述规范和数据标准. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2006. pp1-99 Wang Y F, Su J G. Descriptors and Data Stand ard for Flax (Linum usitatissimum L. ). Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2006. pp1-99(in Chinese) [本文引用:1]
[22]	兰巨生. 农作物综合抗旱性评价方法的研究. 西北农业学报, 1998, 7(3): 85-87 Lan J S. Comparison of evaluating methods for agronomic drought resistance in crops. Acta Agric Boreali-OccidentSin, 1998, 7(3): 85-87 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1] [JCR: 1.44]
[23]	尹利, 逯晓萍, 傅晓峰, 李美娜, 郭建. 高丹草杂交种灰色关联分析与评判. 中国草地学报, 2006, 28: 21-25 Yin L, Lu X P, Fu X F, Li M N, Guo J. The grey relation analysis and evaluation of hybrid pacesetter. Chin J Grassl, 2006, 28: 21-25 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:2]
[24]	张霞, 谢小玉. PEG胁迫下甘蓝型油菜种子萌发期抗旱鉴定指标的研究. 西北农业学报, 2012, 21(2): 72-77 Zhang X, Xie X Y. Studies on identification indexes of drought resistance by PEG during seed germination of rapeseed (Brassica napus L. ). Acta Agric Boreali-Occident Sin, 2012, 21(2): 72-77 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1]
[25]	Chernyad’ev I I, Monakhova O F. Effects of cytokinin preparations on the pools of pigments and proteins of wheat cultivars differing in their tolerance to water stress. Appl Biochem Micro, 2003, 39: 524-531 [本文引用:1]
[26]	Tambussi E A, Nogués S, Araus J L. Ear of durum wheat under water stress: water relations and photosynthetic metabolism. Planta, 2005, 221: 446-458 [本文引用:1] [JCR: 3.347]
[27]	Manschadi A M, Hammer G L, Christopher J T, de Voil P. Genotypic variation in seedling root architectural traits and implications for drought adaptation in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ). Plant Soil, 2008, 303: 115-129 [本文引用:1] [JCR: 2.638]
[28]	Condon A G, Richards R A, Rebetzke G J, Farquhar G D. Breeding for high water use efficiency. J Exp Bot, 2004, 55: 2447-2460 [本文引用:1] [JCR: 5.242]
[29]	Subrahmanyam D, Subash N, Haris A, Sikka A K. Influence of water stress on leaf photosynthetic characteristics in wheat cultivars differing in their susceptibility to drought. Photosyn thetica, 2006, 44: 125-129 [本文引用:1]
[30]	陈玉梁, 石有太, 罗俊杰, 王蒂, 厚毅清, 李忠旺, 张秉贤. 甘肃彩色棉花抗旱性农艺性状指标的筛选鉴定. 作物学报, 2012, 38: 1680-1687 Chen Y L, Shi Y T, Luo J J, Wang D, Hou Y Q, Li Z W, Zhang B X. Screening of drought tolerant agronomic trait indices of colored cotton varieties (lines) in Gansu Province. Acta Agron Sin, 2012, 38: 1680-1687 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1] [CJCR: 1.667]
[31]	陈玉梁, 石有太, 罗俊杰, 李忠旺, 厚毅清, 王蒂. 干旱胁迫对彩色棉花农艺、品质性状及水分利用效率的影响. 作物学报, 2013, 39: 2074-2082 Chen Y L, Shi Y T, Luo J J, Li Z W, Hou Y Q, Wang D. Effect of drought stress on agronomic traits, quality, and WUE in different colored upland cotton varieties (lines). Acta Agron Sin, 2013, 39: 2074-2082 (in Chinese with English abstract) [本文引用:1] [CJCR: 1.667]

2007

0.0

1.889

. 2007, 40:2452-2459

Gray relational grade analysis of agronomical and physi-biochemical traits related to drought tolerance in wheat

西北农林科技大学农学院

【Objective】This paper aims to probe the relationship between agronomical characters and physi-biochemical indexes of wheat cultivar with its drought tolerance. 【Method】 12 indexes, including 5 agronomical characters and 7 physi-biochemical indexes that measured in 65 wheat cultivars grown at drought shelf and no-irrigation conditions, were analyzed using gray relational grade analysis method. 【Result】 Gray correlation degrees facilitating to identify the drought tolerance of wheat were calculated between each index and its drought resistance index, they were ranked as follows by their contribution to drought tolerance: stomata conductance (γ=0.7995), photosynthetic rate (γ=0.7909), transpiration rate (γ=0.7556), soluble sugar content (γ=0.7467), MDA content (γ=0.7336), dissociative proline content (γ=0.7267), spike length (γ=0.7102), number of kernel per spike (γ=0.7095), 1000-kernel weight (γ=0.7005), water potential (γ=0.6959), tiller (γ=0.6951), plant height (γ=0.6866). And the clustering analysis based on the weighted drought index of cultivars could finely represent their breeding and application areas. Species that have the best drought resistance among the 65 species are: Luohan 6, Xiaoyan 6, Jinmai 47, Shanmai 168 etc. 【Conclusion】 The result indicates that the physi-biochemical indexes related to leaf stomata have the closest relationship with the drought resistance of wheat, and these indexes are significantly influenced under water stress, thus have the greatest relation degree with drought resistance index, so the physi-biochemical indexes including stomata conductance, photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate should be used for the assistant selection of drought tolerance to improve the selection efficiency.

【目的】探讨小麦主要农艺性状和部分生理生化性状与抗旱性的关系。【方法】采用灰色关联分析（gray correlation analysis），对分别种植于干旱棚和大田自然降水两个条件下的65个小麦品种的主要农艺性状和部分生理生化性状与其抗旱指数的关联度进行分析和评价。【结果】通过灰色关联度分析确定了各性状与抗旱指数的关联度。各农艺性状和生理生化性状与抗旱指数的关联程度大小依次为：气孔导度（0.7995）、光合速率（0.7909）、蒸腾速率（0.7556）、可溶性糖含量（0.7467）、丙二醛（MDA）含量（0.7336）、游离脯氨酸含量（0.7267）、穗长（0.7102）、穗粒数（0.7095）、千粒重（0.7005）、水势（0.6959）、有效分蘖数（0.6951）和株高（0.6866）。并依据各品种的加权抗旱指数对参试品种进行了聚类分析，聚类结果可以较好的反映品种的选育及适应地区。参试品种中较抗旱的品种有洛旱6号、晋麦47、陕麦168、小偃6号等。【结论】与抗旱指数关联度最大的是和叶片气孔相关的生理生化性状，它们在作物受到干旱胁迫时所受的影响最大，与作物抗旱性关系最为密切。因而可以选用气孔导度、光合速率和蒸腾速率等生理生化性状进行小麦抗旱性的以性状为基础的选择，以提高选择效率。

... )即油用亚麻, 是中国西北、华北等年降水量300~500 mm的旱作农业区重要的油料作物^[1,2,3], 具有耐瘠薄、喜阴凉、耐旱、耐寒等特点, 在抗旱资源方面具有独特研究价值 ...

... 近年来, 国内外学者从不同角度研究和提出了作物抗旱性鉴定的试验设计、指标选择、评价方法及抗旱性分级等问题^{[1,2,5,6,7,8,9,10]}, 针对不同作物和不同育种需求的更加全面的抗旱评价方法已在小麦^[1,11]、大豆^[12,13]、油菜^[14,15]、谷子^[16]、水稻^[9]、玉米^[17]、棉花^[18]、胡麻^[2,19]等作物上应用, 如主成分分析法、隶属函数法、聚类分析法等 ...

... 1 关于抗旱评价指标的选择问题性状指标的合理选择是作物抗旱性鉴定的关键, 对此目前国内外进行了大量研究^{[1,2,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19]}, 并从不同角度提出了抗旱性鉴定的相关性状 ...

... Chernyad’ev等^[25]和王士强等^[1]认为小麦生理生化性状的影响大于农艺性状 ...

... 关联度反映的是构成该系统的各性状组成的比较数列和参考数列间的密切程度^[1,23] ...

2010

0.0

1.889

. 2010, 43:3076-3087

Drought-resistance evaluation of flax germplasm at adult plant stage

(甘肃省农业科学院作物研究所)

【Objective】 The main purpose of this paper was to study the performance of different types of flax germplasms at adult plant stage, explore gene resource, and give science-technology support in breeding under drought conditions. 【Method】Drought Resistance Coefficient (DC) and Subordinate Function Coefficients (SC) were used to evaluate the drought tolerance in rainfed and water irrigation treatments in Dunhuang city where the annual precipitation is less than 40 mm, and meanwhile 7 agronomic traits which are relevant to drought-resistance were studied. 【Result】 The result of study on agronomic traits indicated that drought-tolerance had different reaction degrees, that plant height and 1000-grain weight were blunt while kernel number and grain weight per spike were sensitive. According to drought-resistance value clustering analysis, flax germplasm used in this study were divided into 5 drought resistance grades, 2 belonged to grade 1, 22 belonged to grade 2, 69 belonged to grade 3, 72 belonged to grade 4, and 27 belonged to grade 5. The capacity of drought resistance of the tested cultivars was relevant to geographical origins and breeding conditions and local surrounding. 【Conclusion】 Using several agronomic traits, it is an effective way to comprehensively evaluate the drought tolerance of flax at adult plant stage by Drought Resistance Coefficient (DC) and Subordinate Function Coefficients (SC), not only the bias and the instability of single factor analysis can be avoided, but the relationship between different drought tolerance and indexes in flax can be reflected better.

【目的】了解不同类型胡麻种质的成株期抗旱性表现,挖掘抗旱基因资源,为抗旱育种提供科技支撑。【方法】在年降雨量不足40 mm的敦煌市,设干旱胁迫和正常灌水2个处理进行试验研究,考查与抗旱性相关的7个农艺性状,采用综合抗旱系数与隶属函数相结合的方法,对其抗旱性进行综合评价。【结果】被考查的农艺性状对干旱胁迫的反应程度各异,其中株高和千粒重迟钝,单株粒数和单株粒重敏感;根据抗旱性量度值(D值)的聚类结果,将供试种质划分为5级,其中1级抗旱型2份、2级22份、3级69份、4级72份、5级27份;供试种质的抗旱性强弱与其地理来源、选育条件和利用生境息息相关。【结论】选择多个农艺性状,采用综合抗旱系数与隶属函数相结合的方法,综合评估胡麻成株期抗旱性是可行的,不仅可以避免单一指标的片面性和不稳定性,而且可以较好地揭示指标性状与抗旱性的关系。

... 因此, 简单、有效的鉴定指标及其评价方法的合理选择是抗旱性鉴定的关键^[2] ...

... 目前普遍认为, 多指标多方法相结合的抗旱性综合评价更加真实、可靠^[2] ...

... 前人研究多侧重于以胡麻种质资源为材料^[2]或针对某种农艺性状、生理生化指标单独分析, 而针对胡麻抗旱相关生理指标且采用抗旱性综合评价方法的研究鲜见报道 ...

... 4 数据统计分析参考兰巨生^[22]、祁旭升等^[2]、罗俊杰等^[18]、谢小玉等^[15]、孟庆立等^[16]和尹利等^[23]的方法, 以2011和2012年供试胡麻品种各小区农艺性状和生理生化性状测定值作为基础数据, 对各性状测定值进行平均数差异显著性分析, 按公式(1)和(2)分别计算单项抗旱系数(drought resistance coefficient, DC)及综合抗旱系数(comprehensive drought resistance coefficient, CDC), 式中x_i、CK_i表示干旱、对照处理的性状测定值 ...

... 通过各性状DC值的连续变数次数分布统计分析^[2], 表明同一区间各性状DC值分布次数和频率相差较大, DC值在0 ...

... 从抗旱性状因子分析的结果可以看出, 单株果实、单株产量、千粒重、Chl a、CAT占据了首要位置, 表明在干旱条件下产量相关性状是胡麻不同基因型间抗旱性的重要体现, 这与祁旭升等^[2]的研究结果相近 ...

... 2 作物抗旱性的分析方法近年国内外学者针对不同作物和不同育种需求从不同角度研究和提出了更加全面的抗旱评价鉴定方法^{[2,18,28,29,30,31]} ...

... 目前普遍认为, 多指标多方法相结合的抗旱性综合评价比较可靠^[2] ...

2008

0.0

. 2008, 26(5):6-9

Study on quality characters and correlation of different types of flax germplasm

对来自甘肃省种质资源库的46个胡麻品种资源按甘肃地方品种、国内育成品种和国外品种进行分类,分析研究不同类型及同一类型不同品种籽粒中木酚素含量、租脂肪含量及5种主要脂肪酸的含量,以了解胡麻品种资源品质特性,为合理高效利用资源,提高胡麻优质育种效率奠定基础.结果表明:①籽粒的木酚素、粗脂肪、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸含量的变化范围广,说明不同胡麻品种资源的主要品质性状存在显著差异.②国外品种的木酚素含量、亚麻酸含量均最高;国内育成品种与国外品种的粗脂肪含量均较高,但国内育成品种亚麻酸含量最低;甘肃地方品种的木酚素含量、粗脂肪含量均最低.③筛选出具有特异优质品质性状的资源4份.④相关性分析表明,木酚素与亚油酸含量呈显著正相关,硬脂酸与粗脂肪和不饱和脂肪酸含量均呈极显著相关,油酸与粗脂肪含量,亚油酸和亚麻酸含量之间呈极显著负相关.

2005

0.0

... 作物抗旱性鉴定需要将形态、生理生化、产量等指标相结合, 且对各个时期的抗旱性综合评价^[4] ...

2003

0.0

2008

2.474

0.0

2005

1.513

0.0

2009

0.0

. 2009, 47:210-214 DOI:10.1016/j.plaphy.2008.11.004

Physiological and biochemical parameters for identification of QTLs controlling the winter triticale drought tolerance at the seedling stage

Abstract

The genetic map of the triticale is created on the basis of double-haploid (DH) lines, derived from F1 hybrids of a cross between the parental line Saka3006 and Modus. In order to localise drought resistance genes, it is necessary to find a phenotype feature which clearly differentiates between parental lines under drought stress conditions. With the future in mind, the aim of the presented studies was to analyse differences in the response to drought stress, between Saka3006 and Modus. Analyses of the water status of leaves, and the activity of the photosynthetic apparatus and protective mechanisms relating to the accumulation of phenolic compounds, were carried out. The studies were completed during the tillering phase.

Statistically significant changes, between genotypes experiencing the drought period, were noticed for the osmotic potential, leaf water content, some parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence, and for phenolics and the ferulic acid content. On the basis of the studies, the Saka genotype can be considered drought resistant due to higher leaf water content caused, probably, by smaller hydraulic resistance relative to Modus. The activity of its photosynthetic apparatus during drought was higher than that for the Modus genotype. The high level of phenolic compounds, which can act as photoprotectors and free radical scavengers, was also maintained. All the mentioned parameters can represent the potential phenotype features, which allow the identification of resistance genes on the genetic map of the triticale, which is currently being created.

2007

0.0

1.889

. 2007, 40:399-404

Relationship between some physiological and biochemical characteristics and drought tolerance at rice flowering stage

四川农业大学水稻研究所

Rice may suffer serious water stress during its growth period. Drought affects the process of physiology metabolizability. Ten rice and upland rice varieties with different drought resistant abilities were used as experimental materials. Changes in ascorbic acid (Vc)content, free amino acid content, soluble protein content ,malondialdehyde (MDA)content and antioxidative enzyme activities were studied under both irrigation and drought conditions at flowering stage. The results were as follows: water stress increased Vc content, free amino acid content, soluble protein content and malondialdehyde (MDA)content, and increased superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activities in leaves at flowering stage. Correlation analysis showed that drought-resistant coefficient significantly correlated or very significantly correlated with relative value of Vc content, free amino acid content, MDA content and SOD activity under both irrigation and drought conditions, therefore, relative value of thesecould be selected to using the identification indexes of drought resistance at flowering stage. Using stepwise regression equation to evaluate the drought resistance of rice cultivars was more scientifically and reliably.

【目的】探索水稻开花期适应干旱环境的生理生化机制，筛选水稻开花期抗旱性鉴定的生理生化指标。【方法】利用抗旱性不同的10个水、旱稻品种，在干旱棚内通过开花期水分胁迫，研究了叶片抗坏血酸（Vc）、游离氨基酸、可溶性蛋白质、丙二醛（MDA）等物质的含量和保护性酶活性的变化。【结果】开花期水分胁迫增加了叶片Vc、游离氨基酸、可溶性蛋白质和MDA含量，提高了超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和过氧化物酶（POD）的活性。相关分析表明，在水分胁迫与对照条件下Vc、游离氨基酸、MDA含量和SOD活性的相对值与品种的抗旱系数有显著或极显著相关性。【结论】水、旱条件下Vc、游离氨基酸总量、MDA含量和SOD活性相对值可作为水稻开花期抗旱性鉴定指标，利用此4项相对值与抗旱系数所建立的回归方程可预测品种开花期的抗旱性。

... 本研究选取与胡麻抗旱性相关的16个关键农艺性状及生理生化性状为指标, 其结合起来, 从宏观和微观层面对抗旱性的内在机制认识和分析, 结果显示, 与抗旱性度量值(D值)的关联程度较高的6个性状依次为单株果实、千粒重、CAT、Chl a、产量抗旱系数、单株产量, 这和各性状抗旱系数与加权抗旱系数(WDC值)的密切程度相吻合, 说明基于D值和WDC值的性状关联度评价是适宜且准确的, 进而提示我们, 除以产量等核心农艺性状作为胡麻抗旱性筛选指标外, 还应重视CAT、MDA、Chl a等生化指标的分析, 以提高判断的准确性, 这与前人的研究结果是一致的^[9,15] ...

2007

0.0

1.889

. 2007, 40:665-676

Genetic variation in fifty three maize inbred lines in relation to drought tolerance at seedling stage

中国农科院作物科学研究所/国家农作物基因资源与基因改良重大科学工程品资所作物所中国农业科学院作物科学所

Abstract: In the study, the genetic variation in 53 maize inbred lines in relation to drought tolerance was characterized using leaf relative moisture content, leaf water conservation, MDA content and seedling survival rate. Fifty-three inbred lines were evaluated for drought responses in greenhouse under water-stressed and well-watered conditions during 2005 in Beijing, China. The evaluation resulted in identification of 13 drought-tolerant, 16 moderately tolerant and 24 susceptible inbred lines, respectively. Under water-stressed condition, drought tolerant lines were found to show higher relative moisture contents, water conservation and lower MDA contents, while the cases reversed for drought susceptible lines. Leaf relative moisture content and water conservation were two important traits indicating drought responses at seedling stage in maize. The diversity at DNA level was investigated by 63 SSR markers. The total number of alleles was 245, and a mean polymorphism information content was 0.596. The UPGMA analysis showed that 53 inbreds could be classified into 6 subgroups (Lancaster, BSSS, PA, Luda Red Cob, Sipingtou and PB), which were generally consistent to their known pedigree records and breeder’s experiences. Comprehensive differences were observed on the mean of leaf relative moisture contents, leaf water conservation and seedling survival rate among the six sub-groups with relatively high level for BSSS, Sipingtou and PB. These three sub-groups were identified as the important sources of drought tolerance. Twenty-one SSR marker alleles were significantly associated with drought tolerance, which could be employed for evaluating the inbred lines of maize to drought responses at DNA level.

【目的】了解53份玉米自交系的苗期耐旱性，挖掘耐旱玉米种质。【方法】采用幼苗叶片相对含水量、叶片保水力和叶片丙二醛含量，结合水分胁迫下的幼苗存活率，评价了53份玉米自交系的苗期耐旱性，筛选出耐旱系13份、中等耐旱系16份和旱敏感系24份。【结果】在水分胁迫下，耐旱系的叶片相对含水量较高、叶片保水力强、丙二醛含量低，胁迫解除后，植株能恢复生长。随着胁迫强度增大，旱敏感系的叶片保水力下降、叶片相对含水量和丙二醛含量迅速降低，复水后植株不能恢复生长。叶片相对含水量和保水力是玉米耐旱性的重要指标，可用于评价玉米自交系的苗期耐旱性。利用63对SSR引物分析了53份自交系的遗传多样性，共检测出245个等位基因变异，平均多态性信息量为0.596。结合系谱资料和育种实践将53份自交系划分为Lancaster、BSSS、旅大红骨、PA、四平头和PB共6个亚群。除Lancaster外，其余5个亚群均含有耐旱系。根据自交系的耐旱性反应，发现BSSS、PB和四平头亚群的幼苗存活率、叶片相对含水量和保水力较高，为重要的耐旱种质类群。采用t测验，在8份耐旱系和10份旱敏感系间检测出21个具有显著频率差异的等位基因，可用于玉米自交系苗期耐旱性评价。【结论】BSSS、PB和四平头亚群为重要的耐旱种质类群。检测出的21个具有显著频率差异的等位基因，可用于玉米自交系苗期耐旱性评价。

2008

0.0

1.889

2006

0.0

1.742

. 2006, 17:2408-2412

Comprehensive evaluation on drought-resistance of different soybean varieties

1College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China; 2Agricultural Bureau of Yanhu District, Yuncheng 044000, Shanxi, China; 3College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China; 4Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China

The drought-resistance of ten soybean cultivars of various ecotypes was
investigated by pot culture and in field. At the stages from flowering and podding,
the physiological and ecological indices related to drought-resistance were
measured and analyzed under normal and water stress conditions. Taking each
drought-resistance coefficient as an index to measure single drought-resistance capacity, all drought-resistance coefficients were synthesized into
several new independent comprehensive indices by using principal component
analysis. On the bases of above results, subordinate values of comprehensive
indices were worked out by subordinate function, on which, the drought
resistance of different soybean cultivars or lines could be evaluated. By means
of this method, Jinda 74 and Jinda 53 were evaluated as two cultivars with
strong drought-resistance. The evaluation results corresponded well to the
fact.

选用10个不同生态类型的大豆品种，在盆栽和大田条件下进行抗旱性研究.在正常供水与水分胁迫条件下，分别测定并分析了开花结荚期与品种抗旱性有关的多项生理生态指标.把大豆各性状的抗旱系数作为衡量各单项抗旱能力大小的指标，用主成分分析将各单项抗旱系数综合成几个新的、相互独立的综合指标，再利用隶属函数求出综合指标的隶属值，可以较准确地评价各大豆品种（系）的抗旱性.通过该方法评选出两个高抗旱大豆品种晋大74号和晋大53号，评定结果符合生产实际.

... Tambussi等^[26]和李贵全等^[12]研究表明大豆农艺性状的综合指标与品种的抗旱性显著相关 ...

2001

0.0

0.951

. 2001, 16(3):40-45

Comprehensive analysis of physiological indexes for drought resistance in different soybean varieties

选用12个大豆品种(系),于大豆开花结荚期,分别在正常供水与水分胁迫条件下,研究了与抗旱性有关的4类生理指标,并结合大田试验结果进行了抗旱性综合分析.结果表明,叶片相对含水量(RWC)、相对电导率、净光合速率(Pn)与超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性与大豆抗旱性(DC)密切相关,此4项生理指标的隶属函数加权平均值(D值)与抗旱系数的相关系数达极显著水平,表明D值可用于大豆品种的抗旱性评价与分级.对大豆抗旱育种的方法进行了讨论.

2011

0.0

1.889

2013

0.0

1.889

. 2013, 46:476-485 DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2013.03.004

Evaluation of drought resistance and analysis of variation of relevant parameters at seedling stage of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)

College of Agronomy and Bio-technology, Southwest University/Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400716

【Objective】An experiment was conducted to investigate the ability of drought resistance at seedling stage of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), to explore the parameters and methods for screening of drought-resistant germplasm, and to provide the materials and a theoretical basis for drought-resistant breeding and cultivation.【Method】 Leaf relative water content, malondialdehyde (MDA) and protective enzyme activity in rapeseed were measured under drought stress on 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 d; Comprehensive drought-resistance coefficient, drought-resistance index, fuzzy clustering and grey correlation analysis were used to evaluate the drought tolerance; And the variation trend of relevant drought-resistance index was analyzed for ten rapeseed varieties. 【Result】 Different examined indexes showed different responses to drought stress, in which, the content of proline and POD activity were retarded, but the relative water content of leaves was sensitive in response to drought stress. According to the clustering result of drought-resistance measuration value (D value), the 10 tested varieties were divided into 3 groups including high, moderate and low drought resistance, respectively. The variation trend of relevant drought-resistance index showed that the decrease rate of leaf relative water content and leaf area became larger with the increase of degree and time of drought stress, but the contents of MDA, proline, soluble sugar and soluble protein and the relative activities of SOD and POD were overall ascendant. The relative value of MDA content was negatively correlated with drought resistance, while the increase rate of relative content of proline, soluble sugar, soluble protein and the activity of POD were positively correlated with that of rapeseed varieties. 【Conclusion】 It is an effective way to evaluate the drought tolerance of rapeseed seedlings by using the combination method of comprehensive drought-resistance coefficient, drought-resistance index, fuzzy clustering and grey correlation analysis, which could reflect the relationship between different parameter traits and drought tolerance in rapeseed. Among the 10 tested varieties, the drought tolerance of 94005, Zhongshuang11 and Zhongshuang9 were better and more stable. The change of drought-resistance related parameters of rapeseed under continuous drought stress presented a certain regularity, which indicated the responses of rapeseed to drought stress and could lay a basis for the screening of rapeseed germplasm.

【目的】探讨甘蓝型油菜苗期的抗旱性，为甘蓝型油菜抗旱种质的筛选提供可借鉴的指标、方法，同时为抗旱育种、栽培提供材料和理论依据。【方法】在遮雨网室对油菜苗期进行干旱胁迫，于胁迫的第0、5、10、15、20、25天分别取样测定叶片相对含水量、丙二醛（MDA）含量和保护性酶活性等的变化。采用综合抗旱系数、抗旱指数、聚类分析、灰色关联度分析相结合的方法，对其抗旱性进行综合评价,并对不同类型种质抗旱相关指标的变化进行分析。【结果】被考查的各指标对干旱胁迫的反应程度各异，其中脯氨酸含量、POD活性对干旱胁迫的反应迟钝，而叶片相对含水量反应敏感；根据抗旱性量度值（D值）的聚类结果，将10个油菜种质划分为抗旱性强、抗旱性中等和抗旱性差３个抗旱级别。抗旱相关指标的变化表现为，随干旱胁迫时间的延长和胁迫程度的增大，叶片的相对含水量和叶面积下降幅度变大，而丙二醛（MDA）、脯氨酸、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量和SOD、POD活性相对值总体表现出上升趋势。MDA含量相对值与品种抗旱性呈负相关，而脯氨酸、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质含量和POD活性相对值与品种抗旱性呈正相关。10个参试油菜种质中，94005、中双11号和中双9号抗旱性强。【结论】采用综合抗旱系数、聚类分析、灰色关联度等相结合的方法对油菜苗期抗旱性进行评估，可以较好地揭示指标性状与抗旱性的关系。油菜在连续干旱胁迫下，其叶片相对含水量、丙二醛、叶面积可作为油菜抗旱种质筛选的依据。

2009

0.0

1.889

. 2009, 42:2667-2675

Principal component analysis and fuzzy clustering on drought tolerance related traits of foxtail millet (Setaria italica)

（西北农林科技大学农学院）

【Objective】 The main purpose of this paper was to explore the methods of drought tolerance evaluation, and to evaluate the relationships between some agronomic traits and physiological indicators with drought-tolerance in foxtail millet (Setaria italica). 【Method】 Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Fuzzy Clustering (FC) were used to evaluate the drought tolerance of 16 foxtail millet cultivars based on their performance under the conditions of rainfed and water limited cultivation under rainout shelter. 【Result】 The result of Principal Component Analysis indicated that 6 principal components could present 90.71% information of the raw data of the traits related to drought tolerance of foxtail millet. The 16 cultivars used in this study could be divided into 3 clusters by Fuzzy Clustering based on their Drought-tolerance Value (DV), which could reflect the drought characteristics of the origins and planting areas of those cultivars. Among those cultivars,the drought tolerance of Jigu18 and Yugu1 were better and more stable. 【Concussion】 It is an effective way to comprehensively evaluate the drought tolerance of foxtail millet by Principal Component Analysis and Fuzzy Clustering,which not only could avoid the bias and the instability of single factor analysis, but also reflect the relationship between different drought tolerance related traits and drought tolerance in foxtail millet better.

【目的】探讨作物抗旱性分析评判的方法,对谷子主要农艺性状和部分生理指标与抗旱性之间的关系进行综合评价。【方法】采用主成分分析（Principal Components Analysis,PCA）和模糊聚类（Fuzzy Clustering, FC）分析,根据16个谷子品种在干旱胁迫和自然降水条件下的抗旱相关性状对其抗旱性进行综合评价。【结果】主成分分析结果表明,6个综合主成分可代表谷子抗旱性90.71%的原始数据信息量。利用抗旱性度量值进行模糊聚类,可将16个谷子品种的抗旱性划分为3类,聚类结果可以较好地反映这些谷子品种的选育和种植区域的干旱特点,其中冀谷18和豫谷1号抗旱性强且稳定性好。【结论】利用主成分分析,结合模糊聚类的方法进行谷子的抗旱性综合评价,不仅可以避免单一指标的片面性和不稳定性,而且可以较好地揭示谷子抗旱相关性状与其抗旱性的关系。

... Zhang等^[24]和孟庆立等^[16]对谷子成株期抗旱性研究认为, 产量性状对干旱胁迫最敏感 ...

... 可见, 除丰产性是胡麻抗旱性重要外在表现外, 良好的逆境生理调控能力、繁茂的生物积累量和流畅的根系物质转储能力^[27]是影响胡麻抗旱性的重要因素, 这与孟庆立等^[16]的研究结论相近 ...

... 本研究结果也说明产量相关性状仍是决定胡麻抗旱性的根本因素, 这与孟庆立等^[16]对谷子成株期抗旱性研究结论相同 ...

2009

0.0

1.889

. 2009, 42:72-84

Drought resistance evaluation system of maize inbred

山东农业大学农学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室

【Objective】 The present study was to choose drought-resistance indexes of maize in different growing period and establish a resistance evaluation system. 【Method】 Seven indexes were tested at seeding stage treated with different concentrations of solution PEG-6000, and twenty-four indexes were tested at growth stage treated with drought-stress and non-stress treatments in the PVC shed and drought shed.【Result】According to the results of simple relative analyses, nine indexes selected including germination drought resistance index of seed and relative germination energy under the condition of 20% PEG-6000 drought stress, GDRI and relative germination energy under the condition of 15% PEG-6000 drought stress, relative value of leaf water potential at seeding stage, leaf water conservation, kernel per row, axis weight per plant and 100-grain weight, they were correlated with drought resistance coefficient or drought resistance index at P≤0.05 and P≤0.01 level. Stepwise regression analysis was conducted between the relative value of nine indexes and drought resistance coefficient and drought resistance index. The result showed that relative germination energy under the condition of 20% PEG-6000 drought stress, relative value of leaf water potential at seeding stage, leaf water conservation, kernel per row and 100-grain weight significantly influenced the drought resistance. According to these indexes and partial relative coefficient, drought-resistance evaluation equation (D value) and evaluation system was established. 【Conclusion】 The five indexes could be selected as identification indexes for drought resistance in maize. Using D value equation to evaluate the drought resistance of maize is considered scientifically reliable.

【目的】筛选玉米不同时期抗旱鉴定指标，建立玉米抗旱性评价体系。【方法】室内运用PEG（6000）胁迫处理，研究了种子吸水速率等7个指标与玉米抗旱性的关系;大棚内通过水分胁迫，研究了叶片相对含水量等24个指标与玉米抗旱性的关系。【结果】通过简单相关分析筛选出15% PEG溶液处理GDRI、相对发芽势，20% PEG溶液处理GDRI、相对发芽势及胁迫后苗期叶片水势、抽雄吐丝期叶片保水力、行粒数、单轴重、百粒重和对照相对值9个与抗旱系数或抗旱指数相关显著的指标。通过逐步回归分析筛选出5个指标：20% PEG溶液处理相对发芽势和胁迫后苗期叶片水势、抽雄吐丝期叶片保水力、行粒数、百粒重和对照相对值。根据逐步回归筛选出的指标和偏相关系数，建立了不同时期的抗旱评价（D值）方程和评价体系。【结论】20% PEG溶液处理相对发芽势和胁迫后苗期叶片水势、抽雄吐丝期叶片保水力、行粒数和百粒重和对照相对值可作为玉米抗旱性鉴定指标，利用这些指标建立的评价（D值）方程可对玉米抗旱性进行较好的评价。

2012

0.0

... 2 作物抗旱性的分析方法近年国内外学者针对不同作物和不同育种需求从不同角度研究和提出了更加全面的抗旱评价鉴定方法^{[2,18,28,29,30,31]} ...

2008

0.0

. 2008, 26(5):1-5

Research on assessment of flax drought resistance

亚麻是我国干旱冷凉地区用其它油料作物不能替代的主要油料作物和主要的经济作物,加强抗旱性鉴定研究在亚麻抗旱育种中有着十分重要的作用.本文利用水、旱地分组亚麻品种比较试验中对15个品种的11个性状测定资料,通过对水、旱地各性状进行成对数据差异显著性测定、抗旱系数及抗旱指教评价,对亚麻抗旱性进行研究,结果表明:亚麻的性状在水、旱栽培条件下表现差异较大,水、旱地闻除每果着粒差异t测验不显著外,其它性状间差异t测验都达到了极显著水平;当以水地条件选育的陇亚7号为对照品种,用抗旱指教法评价15个分供试亚麻品种的抗旱能力时,本站旱作条件下选育的13个品种有10个抗旱能力评价为"好",3个为"较好"和"中",而其它两个水地或阴湿环境选育的品种被评价为"中"和"差".得出了与多年亚麻育种实践经验十分吻合的抗旱能力结果,启发我们在育种基础阶段就采用此法进行亚麻抗旱能力测定.

2000

0.0

... 3 考察性状与方法在胡麻盛花期对每小区每品种材料取样, 参考邹琦^[20]的《植物生理学实验指导》的方法, 分别测定相关生理生化性状(表3) ...

2006

0.0

... 在胡麻成熟后每小区每品种取样20株考种, 参照《胡麻种质资源描述规范和数据标准》^[21], 测定株高、工艺长度、有效分枝数、单株果数、不实果数、单株产量、千粒重等产量相关农艺性状, 全区收获统计小区产量, 求其平均值, 最后取两年度平均值作为供试性状测定值 ...

1998

1.44

0.0

2006

0.0

. 2006, 28:21-25

The grey relation analysis and evaluation of hybrid pacesetter

应用灰色系统理论关联度法对一年生新型饲用作物高丹草(高粱×苏丹草)杂交种的单株鲜重及其它主要农艺性状进行了分析,而且还对高丹草的6个杂交种进行了灰色评判.结果表明:不同杂交组合的同一性状与单株鲜重的关联度不同,同一组合内的不同性状与单株鲜重的关联度也不同,其关联度顺序为:茎粗(r=0.809)>分蘖数(r=0.789)>叶/茎(r=0.752)>叶宽(r=0.725),叶长(r=0.725)>穗长(r=0.694)>叶片数(r=0.639)>小穗数(r=0.638)>株高(r=0.632)>生育期(r=0.607);在6个杂交组合中,皖草2号和2003-GB为较好的饲用作物组合,其余4个为一般组合,在高丹草生产中可推广皖草2号和2003-GB.

... 关联度反映的是构成该系统的各性状组成的比较数列和参考数列间的密切程度^[1,23] ...

2012

0.0

... Zhang等^[24]和孟庆立等^[16]对谷子成株期抗旱性研究认为, 产量性状对干旱胁迫最敏感 ...

2003

0.0

. 2003, 39:524-531 DOI:10.1023/A:1025413122702

Effects of cytokinin preparations on the pools of pigments and proteins of wheat cultivars differing in their tolerance to water stress

1.Bach Institute of Biochemistry 2.Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology

Contents of chlorophylls, carotenoids, soluble leaf proteins, and the key enzyme of carbon metabolism—ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO; EC 4.1.1.39)—in young seedlings and adult leaves of the wheat Triticum aestivum L. cultivars Mironovskaya 808 and Lyutescens 758, contrasting in their water stress tolerances, were compared under conditions of normal available water supply, water deficiency, and subsequent rehydration. It was discovered that compounds displaying a cytokinin activity (6-benzylaminopurine, thidiazuron, kartolin-2, and kartolin-4) reduced the decreases in contents of chlorophylls, carotenoids, soluble leaf proteins, and RuBisCO, progressing with development of water stress, as well as contributed to their more rapid recovery. These compounds with cytokinin activity also accelerated restoration of the compounds studied to their initial concentrations during rehydration. The kartolin preparations caused a maximal protective effect. Water stress had a more pronounced negative effect on the cultivar Lyutescens 758. Dehydration resulted in a more extensive destruction of seedlings compared to leaves of adult plants.

... Chernyad’ev等^[25]和王士强等^[1]认为小麦生理生化性状的影响大于农艺性状 ...

2005

3.347

0.0

. 2005, 221:446-458 DOI:10.1007/s00425-004-1455-7

Ear of durum wheat under water stress: water relations and photosynthetic metabolism

1.Unitat de Fisiologia Vegetal, Facultat de Biologia Universitat de Barcelona Avda. Diagonal 645 08028 Barcelona Spain 2.Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal (INFIVE) Universidad Nacional de La Plata cc 327 1900 La Plata Argentina

The photosynthetic characteristics of the ear and flag leaf of well-watered (WW) and water-stressed (WS) durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) were studied in plants grown under greenhouse and Mediterranean field conditions. Gas exchange measurements simultaneously with modulated chlorophyll fluorescence were used to study the response of the ear and flag leaf to CO₂ and O₂ during photosynthesis. C₄ metabolism was identified by assessing the sensitivity of photosynthetic rate and electron transport to oxygen. The presence of CAM metabolism was assessed by measuring daily patterns of stomatal conductance and net CO₂ assimilation. In addition, the histological distribution of Rubisco protein in the ear parts was studied by immunocytochemical localisation. Relative water content (RWC) and osmotic adjustment (osmotic potential at full turgor) were also measured in these organs. Oxygen sensitivity of the assimilation rate and electron transport, the lack of Rubisco compartmentalisation in the mesophyll tissues and the gas-exchange pattern at night indicated that neither C₄ nor CAM metabolism occurs in the ear of WW or WS plants. Nevertheless, photosynthetic activity of the flag leaf was more affected by WS conditions than that of the ear, under both growing conditions. The lower sensitivity under water stress of the ear than of the flag leaf was linked to higher RWC and osmotic adjustment in the ear bracts and awns. We demonstrate that the better performance of the ear under water stress (compared to the flag leaf) is not related to C₄ or CAM photosynthesis. Rather, drought tolerance of the ear is explained by its higher RWC in drought. Osmotic adjustment and xeromorphic traits of ear parts may be responsible.

... Tambussi等^[26]和李贵全等^[12]研究表明大豆农艺性状的综合指标与品种的抗旱性显著相关 ...

2008

2.638

0.0

. 2008, 303:115-129 DOI:10.1007/s11104-007-9492-1

Genotypic variation in seedling root architectural traits and implications for drought adaptation in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

1.Center for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn, Walter-Flex Street 3, 53113 Bonn, Germany 2.APSRU, School of Land, Crop and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072 Australia 3.Queensland Department of Primary Industries & Fisheries, Leslie Research Centre, PO Box 2282, Toowoomba, Qld 4350 Australia 4.APSRU, Queensland Department of Primary Industries & Fisheries, PO Box 102, Toowoomba, Qld 4350 Australia

Root system characteristics are of fundamental importance to soil exploration and below-ground resource acquisition. Root architectural traits determine the in situ space-filling properties of a root system or root architecture. The growth angle of root axes is a principal component of root system architecture that has been strongly associated with acquisition efficiency in many crop species. The aims of this study were to examine the extent of genotypic variability for the growth angle and number of seminal roots in 27 current Australian and 3 CIMMYT wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes, and to quantify using fractal analysis the root system architecture of a subset of wheat genotypes contrasting in drought tolerance and seminal root characteristics. The growth angle and number of seminal roots showed significant genotypic variation among the wheat genotypes with values ranging from 36 to 56 (degrees) and 3 to 5 (plant⁻¹), respectively. Cluster analysis of wheat genotypes based on similarity in their seminal root characteristics resulted in four groups. The group composition reflected to some extent the genetic background and environmental adaptation of genotypes. Wheat cultivars grown widely in the Mediterranean environments of southern and western Australia generally had wider growth angle and lower number of seminal axes. In contrast, cultivars with superior performance on deep clay soils in the northern cropping region, such as SeriM82, Baxter, Babax, and Dharwar Dry exhibited a narrower angle of seminal axes. The wheat genotypes also showed significant variation in fractal dimension (D). The D values calculated for the individual segments of each root system suggested that, compared to the standard cultivar Hartog, the drought-tolerant genotypes adapted to the northern region tended to distribute relatively more roots in the soil volume directly underneath the plant. These findings suggest that wheat root system architecture is closely linked to the angle of seminal root axes at the seedling stage. The implications of genotypic variation in the seminal root characteristics and fractal dimension for specific adaptation to drought environment types are discussed with emphasis on the possible exploitation of root architectural traits in breeding for improved wheat cultivars for water-limited environments.

2004

5.242

0.0

... 2 作物抗旱性的分析方法近年国内外学者针对不同作物和不同育种需求从不同角度研究和提出了更加全面的抗旱评价鉴定方法^{[2,18,28,29,30,31]} ...

2006

0.0

. 2006, 44:125-129 DOI:10.1007/s11099-005-0167-y

Influence of water stress on leaf photosynthetic characteristics in wheat cultivars differing in their susceptibility to drought

1.ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, WALMI Complex Phulwari Sharif, Patna, Bihar 801 505 India

A gradual reduction in leaf water potential (Ψ_leaf), net photosynthetic rate (P _N), stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate was observed in two drought tolerant (C 306 and K 8027) and two susceptible (RW 893 and 899) genotypes subjected to water stress. The extent of reduction was lower in K 8027 and C 306 and higher in RW 893 and RW 899. Rewatering the plants after 5 d of stress restored P _N and other gas exchange traits in all four cultivars. Water stress had no significant effect on variable to maximum fluorescence ratio (F_v/F_m) indicating that water stress had no effect on primary photochemistry of photosystem 2 (PS2). However, water stress reduced the efficiency of excitation energy transfer (F′_v/F′_m) and the quantum yield of electron transport (Φ_PS2). The reduction was more pronounced in susceptible cultivars. Water stress had no significant effect on photochemical quenching, however, the non-photochemical quenching increased by water stress.

... 2 作物抗旱性的分析方法近年国内外学者针对不同作物和不同育种需求从不同角度研究和提出了更加全面的抗旱评价鉴定方法^{[2,18,28,29,30,31]} ...

2012

0.0

1.667

. 2012, 38:1680-1687 DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2012.01680

Screening of drought tolerant agronomic trait indices of colored cotton varieties (lines) in Gansu Province

1 Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; 2 Bio-technology Institute, Gansu Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China; 3 Crop Institute, Gansu Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China

Available drought-tolerant indicators that help to screen drought-tolerant parents are significant for breeders to develop new varieties in the water deficient regions. In the paper, the water deficient trials were performed with randomized block design with three treatments. The agronomic traits and drought-tolerant indicators of eight colored cotton varieties (lines) were investigated in 2010–2011. The results showed that the seed cotton yield reduced, and plant height, leaf number at flowering-bolling stage, boll number per plant, number of fruiting branch, number of fruit nodes, single boll weight, harvest index, stem diameter, seed index, and fiber length also decreased under drought stresses. There were significantly positive correlation among drought resistance index, plant height, number of fruit nodes, boll number per plant, leaf number at flowering-bolling stage, single boll weight, harvest index, stem diameter, and number of fruiting branch. The principal component and the multiple stepwise regression analyses showed that the boll number per plant, single boll weight, and the leaf number at flowering-bolling stage could be regarded as the simple and intuitive identification indexes of drought resistance in colored cotton, and number of fruiting branch, fiber length, plant height, number of fruit nodes, boll weight, and seed index could be used as indicators for determining or influencing colored cotton drought resistance.

以抗旱性不同的白棉、棕棉和绿棉品种(品系)为试验材料, 通过水分亏缺控制试验, 采用主成分分析和逐步回归分析方法, 调查其主要农艺性状指标与抗旱性的关系。结果表明, 干旱胁迫下, 各彩色棉花的籽棉产量、株高、叶片数、单株成铃数、有效果枝数、果节数、收获指数、茎粗、籽指和上半部分纤维长度均相应的降低; 抗旱指数与株高、果节数、单株成铃数、花铃期叶片数、有效果枝数、籽指、单铃重、收获指数、茎粗呈极显著正相关; 单株成铃数、单铃重和花铃期叶片数可作为不同色彩棉花简单、直观的抗旱性鉴定指标, 有效果枝数、株高、果节数、收获指数和籽指也可作为彩色棉花抗旱评价指标。

... 2 作物抗旱性的分析方法近年国内外学者针对不同作物和不同育种需求从不同角度研究和提出了更加全面的抗旱评价鉴定方法^{[2,18,28,29,30,31]} ...

2013

0.0

1.667

. 2013, 39:2074-2082 DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2013.02074

Effect of drought stress on agronomic traits, quality, and WUE in different colored upland cotton varieties (lines)

<div style="line-height: 150%">1 Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic & Germplasm Enhancement / Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; 2 Bio-technology Institute, Gansu Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China</div>

To explore the effect of drought stress on main colored cotton traits and the water use efficiency (WUE) mechanism, we performed the experiments with split-plot design, irrigation amounts (normal irrigation, stress irrigation, and no irrigation) were taken as the main-plots, and seven colored cotton cultivars were used as the sub-plots. The results showed that the boll number per plant, weight per boll, plant height, leaf number, number of fruiting branch, harvest index, number of fruit nodes, seed index, stem diameter, internode length of fruit branches and main stem reduced, but the lint percentage increased under drought stress. When the irrigation amount reduced by half, all cultivars yield decreased, there was significant difference between normal irrigation and no irrigation (P<0.05). There also existed significant difference in seed cotton yield among cultivars (P<0.05), the yield reduction of brown cotton cultivar was higher than that of green cotton cultivar. Under normal irrigation, the WUE of white cotton was higher than that of green cotton and brown cotton; there was no significant difference in WUE between brown cotton and green cotton. Under drought stress, the WUE of brown cotton was higher than that of green cotton. So WUE is related to leaf number, the boll number per plant, number of fruiting branches, number of fruit nodes, plant height, harvest index, weight per boll, length between fruit branches and main stem, seed index, the stem diameter, and lint percentage.

为了探索干旱胁迫对彩色棉花主要性状的影响及其水分利用机理，选用7个不同色彩的棉花品种(系)，在常规灌溉、胁迫灌溉和生育期不灌溉3种环境条件下，调查其农艺性状、品质性状、水分利用效率(WUE)及产量。结果表明，干旱胁迫下不同色彩棉花品种的单株成铃数、单铃重、株高、花铃期叶片数、有效果枝数、收获指数、果节数、籽指、茎粗和果茎节间长度减少，衣分增加；灌水量减少一半，参试棉花品种的产量均降低，不灌溉处理的籽棉产量与常规灌溉间差异显著(P<0.05)；籽棉产量的降低幅度品种间存在较大差异(P<0.05)，棕色棉的减产幅度高于绿色棉。常规灌溉处理下，白色棉花水分利用效率高于棕色棉花和绿色棉花，而后二者差异不显著；干旱胁迫下，棕色棉花的水分利用效率高于绿色棉花。与水分利用效率相关的主要农艺性状、品质指标是：叶片数、单株成铃数、有效果枝数、果节数、株高、收获指数、单铃重、主茎节间长度、茎粗、籽指、衣分。

... 2 作物抗旱性的分析方法近年国内外学者针对不同作物和不同育种需求从不同角度研究和提出了更加全面的抗旱评价鉴定方法^{[2,18,28,29,30,31]} ...