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作物学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (10): 3095-3109.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2026.64042

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

等总养分下氮钾比对甘薯块根产量品质及养分吸收利用的影响

邓淑文1,2(), 张林茜2,3(), 孙光燕2, 宋一铭1,2, 唐铭均2, 李玉翠2, 赵方熙2, 王腾龙2, 赵瑞娜2, 杜康2, 吕长文2, 唐道彬2,*(), 王季春1,2,*()   

  1. 1 西南大学宜宾研究院, 四川宜宾 644000
    2 西南大学农学与生物科技学院 / 薯类生物学与遗传育种重庆市重点实验室, 重庆 400702
    3 曲靖市农业科学院, 云南曲靖 655000
  • 收稿日期:2026-04-02 接受日期:2026-07-15 出版日期:2026-10-12 网络出版日期:2026-07-24
  • 通讯作者: 唐道彬, E-mail: tdbin@swu.edu.cn;王季春, E-mail: wjchun@swu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:邓淑文, E-mail: dsw86996@163.com;
    张林茜, E-mail: zhanglinxi2023@163.com** 同等贡献
  • 基金资助:
    宜宾双城市校协议专项(YBSCXY2023020013);重庆市农业农村委员会种业“薯类科企联合体专项”(2021-2025);重庆市现代农业产业技术体系薯类创新团队专项(CQMAITS2023-4)

Effects of nitrogen-potassium ratio on storage root yield, quality, and nutrient uptake and utilization in sweet potato under equal total nutrient input

Deng Shu-Wen1,2(), Zhang Lin-Xi2,3(), Sun Guang-Yan2, Song Yi-Ming1,2, Tang Ming-Jun2, Li Yu-Cui2, Zhao Fang-Xi2, Wang Teng-Long2, Zhao Rui-Na2, Du Kang2, Lyu Chang-Wen2, Tang Dao-Bin2,*(), Wang Ji-Chun1,2,*()   

  1. 1 Yibin Academy of Southwest University, Yibin 644000, Sichuan, China
    2 College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University / Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops in Chongqing, Chongqing 400702, China
    3 Qujing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qujing 655000, Yunnan, China
  • Received:2026-04-02 Accepted:2026-07-15 Published:2026-10-12 Published online:2026-07-24
  • Contact: Tang Dao-Bin, E-mail: tdbin@swu.edu.cn;Wang Ji-Chun, E-mail: wjchun@swu.edu.cn
  • About author:** Contributed equally to this work
  • Supported by:
    Shuangcheng Cooperative Agreement Research Grant of Yibin(YBSCXY2023020013);Seed Industry “Potato Science and Enterprise Consortium Special Program” of the Chongqing Agriculture and Rural Affairs Commission(2021-2025);Special Program for Potato Innovation Team of the Chongqing Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System(CQMAITS2023-4)

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摘要：

探究等总养分下氮钾养分比例差异对甘薯产量、品质及养分吸收利用的影响, 可为甘薯高产优质高效的无机肥养分平衡施用提供科学依据。于2023—2024年在重庆市合川区开展大田试验, 采用裂区试验设计, 以渝红心薯98 (Yhs98)和渝红心薯3号(Yhs3) 2个品种为主区, 以等总养分下5个氮钾比(N︰K2O)为裂区, 设R1 (1︰3)、R2 (1︰1.5)、R3 (1︰1)、R4 (1.5︰1)和R5 (3︰1)处理, 研究不同氮钾配比对甘薯块根产量及品质、叶片光合特性及碳氮代谢、植株生物量及养分吸收利用的影响。结果表明, 甘薯块根产量、单株薯数、单薯重、块根淀粉及可溶性糖含量、功能叶光合特性参数及碳氮代谢关键酶活性、T/R值、块根干重及氮钾养分积累量均以R2或R1处理较高; 而块根可溶性蛋白含量、藤蔓干重及氮钾养分积累量均以R5或R4处理较高; 长蔓品种对氮钾比变化更为敏感。与R5处理相比, R2处理下Yhs98和Yhs3的产量分别提高31.01%和35.87%, 氮肥利用率分别提高157.63%和89.25%。与R1处理相比, R2处理下Yhs98和Yhs3的钾肥利用率分别提高47.67%和100.56%。综上, 氮钾比为1︰1.5的R2处理可协同优化甘薯功能叶光合性能与碳氮代谢酶活性, 促进光合产物向块根高效分配, 实现块根产量与品质的协同提升, 同步提高氮肥和钾肥利用率, 是本试验条件下的最佳氮钾配比。

关键词: 甘薯, 氮钾养分比, 光合特性, 碳氮代谢酶活性, 养分吸收利用, 产量, 品质

Abstract:

This study investigated the effects of different nitrogen-potassium ratios under equal total nutrient input on sweet potato yield, quality, and nutrient uptake and utilization, aiming to provide a scientific basis for balanced mineral fertilization to achieve high yield, high quality, and high efficiency in sweet potato production. A two-year field experiment was conducted using a split-plot design in Hechuan District, Chongqing, China, during the 2023 and 2024 growing seasons. Two sweet potato cultivars, Yuhongxinshu 98 (Yhs98) and Yuhongxinshu 3 (Yhs3), were assigned to the main plots, and five N:K2O ratio treatments under equal total nutrient input were assigned to the subplots: R1 (1:3), R2 (1:1.5), R3 (1:1), R4 (1.5:1), and R5 (3:1). The effects of these N:K2O ratios on storage root yield and quality, photosynthetic characteristics and carbon-nitrogen metabolic enzyme activities in functional leaves, plant biomass accumulation, and nutrient uptake and utilization were systematically evaluated. The results showed that storage root yield, number of storage roots per plant, single storage root weight, starch and soluble sugar contents in storage roots, photosynthetic parameters, activities of key carbon-nitrogen metabolic enzymes in functional leaves, T/R value, and dry weight and nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) accumulation in storage roots were higher under the R1 or R2 treatments than under the other treatments. In contrast, soluble protein content in storage roots, vine dry weight, and N and K accumulation in vines were higher under the R4 or R5 treatments. The long-vine cultivar was more sensitive to changes in the N:K2O ratio. Compared with the R5 treatment, R2 increased storage root yield by 31.01% and 35.87% and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) by 157.63% and 89.25% in Yhs98 and Yhs3, respectively. Compared with the R1 treatment, R2 increased potassium use efficiency (KUE) by 47.67% and 100.56% in Yhs98 and Yhs3, respectively. In conclusion, the R2 treatment (N:K2O = 1:1.5) synergistically optimized photosynthetic performance and the activities of key carbon-nitrogen metabolic enzymes in sweet potato functional leaves, promoted the efficient partitioning of photosynthates to storage roots, achieved simultaneous improvements in storage root yield and quality, and increased both NUE and KUE. Therefore, R2 was the optimal N:K2O nutrient ratio under the conditions of this study.

Key words: sweet potato, nitrogen-potassium nutrient ratio, photosynthetic characteristics, carbon and nitrogen metabolism enzyme activities, nutrient uptake and utilization, yield, quality

图1

2023年与2024年甘薯生育期月降雨量和月均温度"

表1

试验地土壤基础肥力"

年份
Year		 pH 碱解氮
Alkaline-
hydrolyzed N
(mg kg-1)		 速效钾
Available K
(mg kg-1)		 速效磷
Available P
(mg kg-1)		 有机质
Organic matter
(g kg-1)		 全氮
Total N
(g kg-1)		 全磷
Total P
(g kg-1)		 全钾
Total K
(g kg-1)
2023 7.53 46.96 103.12 9.67 24.07 0.47 0.46 12.64
2024 7.11 51.02 75.82 17.31 12.64 0.58 0.76 3.65

表2

不同N:K2O养分比处理肥料施用情况"

处理
Treatment		 N:K2O N
(kg hm-2)		 K2O
(kg hm-2)		 N+K2O
(kg hm-2)		 P2O5
(kg hm-2)
R1 1:3 75 225 300 90
R2 1:1.5 120 180 300 90
R3 1:1 150 150 300 90
R4 1.5:1 180 120 300 90
R5 3:1 225 75 300 90

表3

不同处理对甘薯产量及其构成因素的影响"

年份
Year		 品种
Cultivar		 氮钾比
N:K2O ratio		 产量
Yield (t hm-2)		 单株薯数
Root number per plant		 单薯重
Single root weight (g)
2023 Yhs98 R1 42.15±1.62 a 3.45±0.01 de 216.15±8.01 a
R2 43.71±1.55 a 3.54±0.03 bcd 218.90±9.77 a
R3 39.22±2.12 b 3.46±0.01 de 200.76±11.26 b
R4 34.27±1.00 c 3.31±0.10 f 183.36±1.64 c
R5 32.81±1.50 cd 3.22±0.07 f 180.20±4.50 c
Yhs3 R1 29.49±1.35 ef 3.59±0.07 bc 145.49±6.19 de
R2 30.98±1.38 de 3.70±0.01 a 148.39±6.57 d
R3 27.46±1.03 fg 3.61±0.06 ab 134.81±3.88 ef
R4 25.13±1.30 gh 3.49±0.09 cde 127.65±9.49 fg
R5 22.85±1.49 h 3.41±0.05 e 118.59±8.93 g
F-value C 11,655.92*** 282.00** 203,644.76***
R 42.53*** 24.70*** 22.95***
C×R 1.74ns 0.22ns 1.02ns
2024 Yhs98 R1 41.63±0.51 a 5.24±0.05 a 132.33±1.46 ab
R2 42.31±0.40 a 5.11±0.14 ab 137.95±2.47 a
R3 38.07±2.26 b 4.90±0.08 cd 129.60±5.83 b
R4 34.20±0.56 c 4.98±0.08 bc 114.35±0.16 c
R5 32.85±1.58 c 4.80±0.05 d 114.12±4.31 c
Yhs3 R1 27.88±1.42 d 4.50±0.15 e 103.13±2.77 d
R2 32.68±2.60 c 4.59±0.14 e 118.66±6.17 c
R3 25.95±0.24 e 4.33±0.16 f 99.92±4.51 de
R4 24.81±0.13 e 4.28±0.09 f 96.73±2.38 e
R5 24.00±0.25 e 4.16±0.05 f 96.10±0.87 e
F-value
 C 1429.19*** 308.32** 3537.86***
R 63.89*** 17.87*** 39.69***
C×R 5.04** 1.31ns 4.03*

图2

不同处理对甘薯块根品质的影响 处理同表3。同一品种、同一年份不同小写字母表示不同氮钾比处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。误差棒表示标准差。*、**和***分别表示在0.05、0.01和0.001水平差异显著, ns表示差异不显著。"

图3

不同处理对甘薯功能叶光合特性的影响 处理同表3。同一品种、同一年份不同小写字母表示不同氮钾比处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。误差棒表示标准差。*、**和***分别表示在0.05、0.01和0.001水平差异显著, ns表示差异不显著。Pn: 净光合速率; Gs: 气孔导度; Ci: 胞间CO2浓度; Tr: 蒸腾速率。"

图4

不同处理对甘薯T/R值的影响 处理同表3。同时期、同一品种、同一年份不同小写字母表示不同氮钾比处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。误差棒表示标准差。"

图5

不同处理对甘薯藤蔓和块根干重的影响 处理同表3。同时期、同一品种、同一年份不同小写字母表示不同氮钾比处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。误差棒表示标准差。"

图6

不同处理对甘薯功能叶SS (a)、SPS (b)和GS (c)活性的影响 处理同表3。同一品种不同小写字母表示不同氮钾比处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。误差棒表示标准差。*、**和***分别表示在0.05、0.01和0.001水平差异显著, ns表示差异不显著。SS: 蔗糖合成酶; SPS: 蔗糖磷酸合成酶; GS: 谷氨酰胺合成酶。"

图7

不同处理对甘薯藤蔓和块根氮素积累量的影响 处理同表3。同时期、同一品种、同一年份不同小写字母表示不同氮钾比处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。误差棒表示标准差。"

图8

不同处理对甘薯藤蔓和块根钾素积累量的影响 处理同表3。同时期、同一品种、同一年份不同小写字母表示不同氮钾比处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。误差棒表示标准差。"

表4

不同处理对甘薯氮、钾肥利用率及偏生产力的影响"

年份
Year		 品种
Cultivar		 氮钾比
N:K2O ratio		 氮肥利用率
Nitrogen use
efficiency
(%)		 氮肥偏生产力
Nitrogen partial factor productivity
(kg kg-1)		 钾肥利用率
Potassium use
efficiency
(%)		 钾肥偏生产力
Potassium partial factor productivity
(kg kg-1)
2023 Yhs98 R1 61.19±4.06 b 562.04±21.65 a 44.49±4.06 e 187.35±7.22 e
R2 71.65±3.52 a 364.22±12.92 c 64.20±0.40 a 242.81±8.61 c
R3 46.65±2.81 d 261.49±14.16 d 62.12±3.11 ab 261.49±14.16 c
R4 36.92±2.65 e 190.39±5.53 e 57.40±1.90 bc 285.59±8.30 b
R5 20.97±2.59 g 145.83±6.65 f 54.00±4.07 cd 437.49±19.95 a
Yhs3 R1 45.06±1.10 d 393.25±18.01 b 31.31±1.93 g 131.08±6.00 f
R2 52.99±1.65 c 258.14±11.49 d 52.84±3.57 cd 172.09±7.66 e
R3 37.30±2.94 e 183.06±6.85 e 50.44±3.15 d 183.06±6.85 e
R4 34.81±0.73 e 139.61±7.23 f 44.71±1.93 e 209.41±10.84 d
R5 25.45±1.74 f 101.54±6.61 g 38.67±3.69 f 304.63±19.83 b
F-value

 C 68.57* 2028.56*** 110.44** 1262.24***
R 267.07*** 699.74*** 50.75*** 267.77***
C×R 19.03*** 22.64*** 2.46 ns 9.11***
2024 Yhs98 R1 56.20±8.58 b 555.12±6.83 a 41.46±2.83 e 185.04±2.28 g
R2 66.69±3.05 a 352.60±3.30 c 62.62±1.83 a 235.07±2.20 e
R3 49.28±3.29 c 253.82±15.07 e 56.07±2.16 b 253.82±15.07 d
R4 43.95±6.02 cd 189.97±3.10 f 54.87±1.12 bc 284.96±4.66 c
R5 38.42±1.63 de 146.02±7.04 h 47.39±3.58 d 438.05±21.13 a
Yhs3 R1 46.93±4.80 c 371.71±18.99 b 24.26±4.02 g 145.24±11.54 h
R2 56.11±5.01 b 272.32±21.65 d 56.37±4.49 b 181.54±14.43 g
R3 37.31±0.63 de 173.01±1.57 g 50.11±2.87 cd 173.01±1.57 g
R4 34.11±2.32 e 137.83±0.73 h 45.79±2.35 de 206.75±1.09 f
R5 32.95±2.67 e 106.67±1.13 i 35.75±3.67 f 320.00±3.38 b
F-value

 C 46.91* 2565.09*** 412.64** 460.77**
R 47.49*** 1239.62*** 53.29*** 500.05***
C×R 0.65 ns 54.38*** 7.96** 16.85***

图9

指标间的相关性分析 *和**分别表示相关性达0.05和0.01显著水平。Yield: 产量; RN: 单株薯数; RW: 单薯重; SS: 蔗糖合成酶; SPS: 蔗糖磷酸合成酶; GS: 谷氨酰胺合成酶; Pn: 净光合速率; Gs: 气孔导度; Ci: 胞间CO2浓度; Tr: 蒸腾速率; VDW: 藤蔓干重; RDW: 块根干重; VNA: 藤蔓氮素积累量; RNA: 块根氮素积累量; VKA: 藤蔓钾素积累量; RKA: 块根钾素积累量; SPC: 可溶性蛋白; SC: 淀粉; SSC: 可溶性糖。"

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