作物学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (11): 3182-3201.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2026.61035
关攀锋1,葛帅1,万紫栋1,李盟欣1,汪欣燕1,卢家玲1,朱育攀1,李兵1,许航博1,马若男1,焦浈1,魏文辉2,*,崔东洁1,*
Guan Pan-Feng1,Ge Shuai1,Wan Zi-Dong1,Li Meng-Xin1,Wang Xin-Yan1,Lu Jia-Ling1,Zhu Yu-Pan1,Li Bing1,Xu Hang-Bo1,Ma Ruo-Nan1,Jiao Zhen1,Wei Wen-Hui2,*,Cui Dong-Jie1,*
摘要: 株高是影响小麦株型和产量潜力的重要农艺性状。适宜的株高和节间长度组成,不仅可以增强抗倒伏能力,还有助于提高收获指数,是实现小麦高产稳产的重要保障。为进一步挖掘新的控制小麦株高及其构成因子的数量性状新位点,本研究以我国小麦骨干亲本百农矮抗58 (AK58)为母本、国外引进材料郑引麦2号(ZYM2)为父本,构建了包含183个家系的重组自交系(RIL)群体(AK58/ZYM2-RIL)。结合小麦120K液相芯片(120K-4HWA)基因型分析及构建的高密度遗传连锁图谱,与连续3年6个大田环境下的表型鉴定值,对AK58/ZYM2-RIL群体的株高及5个节间长度开展全基因组QTL分析。结果显示,在2D、4B、4D、5A、6A、6B和7A染色体上检测到33个控制株高及节间长度的稳定主效QTL,可解释2.8%~50.4%的表型变异,其中,24个降低株高与节间长度的等位变异来源于AK58。加性效应分析结果表明,矮秆有利等位基因数目的聚合可以显著降低株高与各节间长度。利用小麦整合基因调控网络(wGRN)的功能基因发掘交互式分析平台,对稳定主效QTL区间内的候选基因进行预测,共筛选出25个潜在候选基因,包含“绿色革命”基因Rht1和Rht2。利用功能分子标记对QPh.zzu.4B.2、QPh.zzu.4D.1和QPh.zzu.2D.2区间内的候选基因Rht1、Rht2和Rht8进行了基因型分析,并结合剩余杂合系衍生的Rht1基因的近等基因系,验证了其遗传效应。同时,针对5A染色体长臂上鉴定到的控制株高和节间长度的稳定QTL新位点QPh.zzu.5A.4/QIl2.zzu.5A.2,开发了竞争性等位基因特异性PCR (KASP)标记,用于分子标记辅助选择育种。综上,本研究为小麦株高及其构成因子的遗传基础解析提供了新的QTL位点、候选基因和育种应用的功能分子标记。
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