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作物学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (11): 1691-1698.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.94029

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

种植密度和施肥量对油菜毯状苗生长的影响

张含笑1,林参2,左青松1,杨光1,冯倩南1,冯云艳1,冷锁虎1,*()   

  1. 1 扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室, 江苏扬州 225009
    2 江苏天丰种业有限公司, 江苏淮安 223001
  • 收稿日期:2019-02-26 接受日期:2019-06-22 出版日期:2019-11-12 网络出版日期:2019-06-22
  • 通讯作者: 冷锁虎
  • 作者简介:E-mail: 1140026822@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0200905)

Effects of plant density and N fertilizer spraying concentration on growth of rapeseed blanket seedlings

ZHANG Han-Xiao1,LIN Shen2,ZUO Qing-Song1,YANG Guang1,FENG Qian-Nan1,FENG Yun-Yan1,LENG Suo-Hu1,*()   

  1. 1 Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
    2 Jiangsu Tianfeng Seed Co. Ltd, Huai’an 223001, Jiangsu, China;
  • Received:2019-02-26 Accepted:2019-06-22 Published:2019-11-12 Published online:2019-06-22
  • Contact: Suo-Hu LENG
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD0200905)

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摘要：

为探讨不同密度和施肥量对油菜毯状苗形成壮苗的关键生物学指标的影响, 以探索适合机械移栽的油菜毯状苗培育方法, 为生产上培育高质量油菜毯状苗提供依据。本文以甘蓝型油菜品种宁杂1818为材料, 设置播种密度和施肥水平二因素试验, 分析其对秧苗存活率、绿叶数、干物质积累和根冠比等指标的影响。结果表明, 密度增大, 秧盘存苗数显著降低, 叶片数、绿叶数减少, 地上部干重减少, 地下部干重减少的幅度更大, 根冠比下降; 同时, 根颈和苗高变长, 秧苗充实度下降。密度过小, 虽然毯状苗的素质提高, 但不利于秧苗成毯和移栽, 移栽后的密度也不能保证。因此, 综合考虑毯状苗素质、适合机械化移栽和栽后的效果等方面, 在晚稻茬口需要苗龄为30~40 d左右时, 播种密度在800粒 盘 -1的基础上喷施3 g L -1尿素溶液是培育毯状苗壮苗的合理组合。

关键词: 油菜毯状苗, 播种密度, 氮肥喷施浓度, 秧苗质量, 绿叶数

Abstract:

In order to explore the effects of sowing density and N fertilizer on the key biological indicators of rapeseed blanket seedlings, the cultivation methods of rapeseed blanket seedlings suitable for mechanical transplantation were studied. In this paper, Ningza 1818, a Brassica napus variety, was used to analyze the effect of sowing density and N fertilizer spraying concentration on some important morphological and physiological indicators, including number of survival plants, number of green leaves, dry matter accumulation, ratio of shoot to root and so on. With the increase of sowing density, the number of survival plants, the number of leaves and green leaves decreased. High sowing density reduced dry matter accumulation of shoots and roots, and that of roots had a greater decline, resulting in a decreased ratio of shoot to root. At the same time, the root collar length and plant height increased, and seedling fullness decreased. With the increase of N fertilizer spraying concentration, the above indicators were optimized. Under the low sowing density condition, the quality of blanket seedlings was improved, however, it was not conducive to forming the good blanket of seedlings and transplanting, and the transplanting density could not be guaranteed. Therefore, considering the quality of blanket seedlings and the effect of mechanized transplanting, the combination of the nutrient solution of 3 g urea L -1 and sowing density of 800 seed plate -1 is reasonable to cultivate rapeseed blanket seedlings when the seedling age of late rice stubble is about 30-40 days.

Key words: rapeseed blanket seedling, sowing density, N fertilizer spraying concentration, seedling quality, number of green leaves

表1

不同密度和施肥对油菜毯状苗各苗龄存苗数和死苗数的影响"

密度
Density (Seed plate-1)		 施肥浓度
Nitrogen (g L-1)		 存苗数 Number of survival plants 死苗数Number of death plants
20 d 30 d 40 d 20 d 30 d 40 d
400 1 378.12 j 375.48 k 367.48 i 14.72 gh 17.36 j 25.36 l
2 380.20 j 378.24 k 372.24 i 13.19 h 15.15 j 21.15 l
3 384.20 j 382.56 k 377.52 i 10.43 h 12.07 j 17.11 l
600 1 563.14 i 550.50 j 535.50 h 25.44 f 38.08 gh 53.08 i
2 567.18 hi 556.45 ij 545.48 h 22.44 fg 33.17 hi 44.14 ij
3 574.70 h 567.78 i 558.84 h 17.17 g 24.09 ij 33.03 jk
800 1 731.52 g 710.12 h 657.52 g 48.42 c 69.82 d 122.42 f
2 740.24 fg 723.28 h 683.28 fg 41.94 d 58.90 f 98.90 g
3 754.00 f 742.44 g 712.48 ef 32.32 e 43.88 g 73.84 h
1000 1 908.50 e 827.90 f 717.60 e 57.50 b 138.10 b 248.40 b
2 921.00 de 854.10 e 773.60 d 49.21 c 116.11 c 196.61 c
3 940.30 d 892.20 d 831.67 c 36.82 d 84.92 d 145.45 e
1200 1 1059.96 c 956.36 c 820.36 c 68.64 a 172.24 a 308.24 a
2 1080.00 b 996.92 b 903.36 b 58.44 b 141.52 b 235.08 b
3 1109.64 a 1053.52 a 985.04 a 43.08 d 99.20 e 167.68 d

表2

不同密度和施肥对油菜毯状苗各苗龄出叶数和绿叶数的影响"

密度
Density
(Seed plate-1)		 施肥浓度
Nitrogen
(g L-1)		 出叶数 The number of leaves 绿叶数 The number of green leaves
20 d 30 d 40 d 20 d 30 d 40 d
400 1 2.36 d 3.59 e 4.38 d 2.36 d 3.26 d 3.28 d
2 2.60 bc 4.26 b 4.96 b 2.60 bc 3.83 b 4.05 b
3 2.93 a 4.86 a 5.68 a 2.93 a 4.18 a 4.51 a
600 1 2.28 d 3.46 e 4.20 d 2.28 d 3.19 de 3.20 de
2 2.50 bc 4.17 bc 4.78 b 2.50 bc 3.77 b 3.85 b
3 2.87 a 4.60 a 5.55 a 2.87 a 4.05 a 4.22 a
800 1 2.20 de 3.40 e 3.96 g 2.20 de 3.12 e 2.88 f
2 2.41 d 3.93 c 4.56 c 2.41 d 3.32 d 3.36 d
3 2.67 b 4.30 b 5.12 b 2.67 b 3.87 b 3.93 b
1000 1 2.15 ef 3.23 f 3.73 e 2.15 ef 2.88 f 2.62 g
2 2.33 d 3.76 d 4.31 d 2.33 d 3.22 de 3.03 e
3 2.54 bc 4.13 c 4.45 c 2.54 bc 3.51 c 3.53 c
1200 1 2.03 f 3.12 f 3.56 e 2.03 f 2.83 f 2.46 g
2 2.23 d 3.62 d 4.22 d 2.26 d 3.15 e 2.93 e
3 2.46 c 3.86 c 4.33 d 2.46 c 3.22 de 3.15 de

表3

不同密度和施肥对油菜毯状苗各苗龄形态特征的影响"

密度
Density
(Seed plate-1)		 施肥浓度Nitrogen
(g L-1)		 根颈长
Root collar length (cm)		 苗高
Plant height (cm)		 叶长
Leaf length (cm)
20 d 30 d 40 d 20 d 30 d 40 d 20 d 30 d 40 d
400 1 1.33 h 1.34 f 1.35 h 4.74 i 7.75 g 8.85 h 1.39 fg 2.14 fg 2.79 efg
2 1.37 g 1.38 e 1.38 g 5.23 g 8.04 f 9.06 g 1.74 bc 2.52 c 3.08 bc
3 1.40 ef 1.41 e 1.42 f 5.47 f 8.52 d 9.52 e 2.03 a 2.86 a 3.37 a
600 1 1.35 h 1.36 f 1.36 g 5.15 h 7.78 g 8.96 h 1.38 fg 2.11 fg 2.73 efg
2 1.40 efg 1.42 e 1.42 f 5.73 g 8.12 ef 9.33 f 1.70 bcd 2.43 cd 3.00 cd
3 1.45 ef 1.48 d 1.47 e 6.05 ef 8.66 d 9.70 e 1.96 a 2.73 a 3.25 ab
800 1 1.38 g 1.41 e 1.41 f 5.25 h 7.97 ef 9.89 de 1.28 gh 2.08 g 2.64 gh
2 1.45 ef 1.51 d 1.51 d 5.88 g 8.41 d 10.42 d 1.57 de 2.37 d 2.87 de
3 1.52 c 1.63 c 1.67 c 6.36 e 8.87 c 10.73 c 1.77 b 2.65 b 3.04 cd
1000 1 1.40 efg 1.50 d 1.53 d 5.76 f 8.25 e 10.13 c 1.21 gh 1.96 h 2.48 hi
2 1.53 c 1.62 c 1.67 c 6.58 cd 8.80 c 10.75 c 1.44 ef 2.19 ef 2.67 fgh
3 1.60 b 1.71 b 1.72 bc 6.99 ab 9.64 b 11.46 ab 1.61 bcd 2.41 d 2.82 ef
1200 1 1.45 d 1.58 c 1.58 d 5.85 f 8.36 e 10.35 c 1.19 h 1.90 h 2.36 i
2 1.58 bc 1.73 ab 1.73 ab 6.73 bc 8.98 c 11.04 bc 1.38 f 2.11 fg 2.51 hi
3 1.67 a 1.81 a 1.81 a 7.18 a 9.93 a 11.9 4a 1.53 d 2.30 e 2.63 fgh

表4

不同密度和施肥对油菜毯状苗各苗龄干物质积累的影响"

密度
Density
(Seed plate-1)		 施肥浓度
Nitrogen
(g L-1)		 地上干物重
Dry weight of shoots (mg plant-1)		 地下干物重
Dry weight of roots (mg plant-1)
20 d 30 d 40 d 20 d 30 d 40 d
400 1 26.3 f 58.1 f 77.6 f 1.6 c 5.1 e 8.6 ef
2 32.1 bc 64.6 c 87.2 c 2.2 b 6.5 b 9.7 cd
3 35.5 a 70.7 a 93.6 a 2.5 a 7.6 a 12.6 a
平均 Mean 31.3 64.5 86.1 2.1 6.4 10.3
600 1 25.9 f 57.9 ef 77.4 f 1.5 cd 4.9 ef 8.0 fg
2 31.3 c 63.3 c 85.9 d 2.0 b 6.1 c 9.5 d
3 34.8 a 69.7 ab 92.6 ab 2.3 a 7.1 ab 11.7 ab
平均 Mean 30.7 63.6 85.3 1.9 6.0 9.7
800 1 25.6 f 57.5 ef 77.1 g 1.4 d 4.6 g 7.9 g
2 30.8 c 62.7 c 85.1 e 1.8 c 5.7 d 9.3 d
3 33.5 b 68.1 b 92.8 ab 2.1 b 6.2 c 11.5 b
平均 Mean 30.0 62.8 85.0 1.8 5.5 9.6
1000 1 23.4 i 54.9 g 75.5 e 1.1 g 4.1 h 7.6 gh
2 27.3 g 59.9 e 80.0 d 1.3 e 4.8 f 8.4 e
3 30.1 d 66.1 c 87.8 c 1.6 c 5.6 d 9.6 cd
平均 Mean 26.9 60.3 81.1 1.3 4.8 8.5
1200 1 22.4 j 53.6 h 74.6 e 1.1 g 3.5 i 7.1 h
2 25.8 h 58.6 f 79.0 d 1.2 f 4.1 h 7.7 gh
3 28.1 e 61.9 d 86.1 d 1.5 cd 4.8 f 8.7 e
平均 Mean 25.4 58.0 79.9 1.3 4.1 7.8

表5

不同密度和施肥对油菜毯状苗各苗龄根冠比和充实度的影响"

密度
Density (Seed plate-1)		 施肥浓度
Nitrogen (g L-1)		 根冠比Ratio of shoot to root 充实度Seedling fullness (mg cm-1)
20 d 30 d 40 d 20 d 30 d 40 d
400 1 0.061 d 0.088 e 0.111 c 0.555 c 0.750 d 0.877 d
2 0.069 ab 0.101 ab 0.111 c 0.613 ab 0.803 ab 0.962 ab
3 0.070 a 0.107 a 0.135 a 0.649 a 0.830 a 0.983 a
600 1 0.058 e 0.085 ef 0.103 d 0.503 f 0.744 de 0.864 d
2 0.063 c 0.096 c 0.111 c 0.546 d 0.779 bc 0.921 c
3 0.066 b 0.102 b 0.126 b 0.575 b 0.805 ab 0.955 b
800 1 0.055 f 0.080 f 0.102 d 0.488 fg 0.722 e 0.780 f
2 0.058 e 0.087 e 0.109 c 0.524 e 0.745 d 0.817 ef
3 0.063 c 0.091 d 0.124 b 0.527 e 0.768 c 0.865 d
1000 1 0.047 i 0.075 hi 0.101 f 0.406 j 0.666 h 0.745 h
2 0.048 hi 0.080 f 0.105 e 0.415 i 0.681 g 0.744 h
3 0.053 g 0.085 ef 0.109 c 0.431 h 0.686 f 0.766 g
1200 1 0.049 hi 0.065 j 0.095 f 0.383 k 0.641 i 0.721 i
2 0.047 i 0.070 i 0.097 e 0.383 k 0.653 ij 0.716 ij
3 0.053 g 0.078 gh 0.101 d 0.391 j 0.623 j 0.721 i
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