作物学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (11): 1699-1714.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.93004
程乙1,刘鹏1,*(),刘玉文2,庞尚水3,董树亭1,张吉旺1,赵斌1,任佰朝1
CHENG Yi1,LIU Peng1,*(),LIU Yu-Wen2,PANG Shang-Shui3,DONG Shu-Ting1,ZHANG Ji-Wang1,ZHAO Bin1,REN Bai-Zhao1
摘要:
为玉米合理施肥, 实现高产高效提供理论依据, 2016年在济南商河国家农作物新品种展示示范中心和山东农业大学作物生物学国家重点实验室进行试验, 于玉米完熟期进行植株取样, 测定产量、产量构成因素和植株矿质元素含量, 探究黄淮海区域现代夏玉米品种的产量与养分吸收规律。探测分析和正态分布检测结果表明单株生产力、单株生物产量、千粒重和籽粒产量分别符合正态分布N (167.0, 22.72 2)、N (285.0, 33.47 2)、N (318.0, 35.75 2)和N (10.9, 1.50 2), 其变化范围为141.55~246.99 g 株 -1、197.68~389.92 g 株 -1、226.58~413.76 g和5.84~13.41 t hm -2。每生产100 kg籽粒氮素需求量平均为1.95 kg, 单位籽粒氮素需求量随籽粒产量提高呈降低趋势。当产量水平由<7.0 t hm -2增加到8.0~9.0 t hm -2时, 每生产100 kg籽粒氮素需求量从2.15 kg降低到1.96 kg, 主要是收获指数升高和籽粒氮浓度降低造成的; 当产量水平由8.0~9.0 t hm -2 增加到10.0~11.0 t hm -2时, 每生产100 kg籽粒氮素需求量从1.96 kg降低到1.84 kg, 主要是籽粒氮浓度降低造成的; 当产量水平由10.0~11.0 t hm -2增加到>11.0 t hm -2时, 单位籽粒氮素需求量基本不再变化。生产100 kg玉米籽粒的磷素需求量平均为0.97 kg, 其与籽粒产量呈显著负相关, 从产量水平<7.0 t hm -2 的1.07 kg下降到产量水平>11.0 t hm -2 的0.92 kg, 这是由收获指数升高和籽粒磷浓度降低造成的。生产100 kg玉米籽粒钾素需求量平均为1.89 kg, 其与籽粒产量呈显著负相关, 从产量水平<7.0 t hm -2 的2.14 kg下降到产量水平>11.0 t hm -2 的1.74 kg, 这是由收获指数升高、茎秆钾浓度增加和叶片钾浓度降低造成的。当前黄淮海区域现代玉米品种籽粒产量为(8.91±1.23) t hm -2, 生产100 kg籽粒的氮素、磷素和钾素需求量的变化范围分别为(1.95±0.24)、(0.97±0.11)和(1.89±0.28) kg。氮磷钾需求量随产量的提高而增加, 但每生产100 kg籽粒产量的氮素、磷素和钾素需求量随着产量升高而下降。
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