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作物学报

作物学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (6): 1476-1487.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.13017

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

玉米-豆科作物带状间套作对养分吸收利用及产量优势的影响

杨欢1(), 周颖1,2, 陈平1, 杜青1, 郑本川1, 蒲甜1, 温晶3, 杨文钰1,*(), 雍太文1,*()   

  1. 1四川农业大学农学院 / 农业农村部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室 / 四川省作物带状复合种植工程技术研究中心, 四川成都 611130
    2桃源县农业农村局, 湖南常德 415700
    3禹城市农业农村局, 山东德州 251200
  • 收稿日期:2021-03-01 接受日期:2021-09-09 出版日期:2022-06-12 网络出版日期:2021-10-19
  • 通讯作者: 杨文钰,雍太文
  • 作者简介:E-mail: 1028875499@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(31872856);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD030020205)

Effects of nutrient uptake and utilization on yield of maize-legume strip intercropping system

YANG Huan1(), ZHOU Ying1,2, CHEN Ping1, DU Qing1, ZHENG Ben-Chuan1, PU Tian1, WEN Jing3, YANG Wen-Yu1,*(), YONG Tai-Wen1,*()   

  1. 1College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
    2Taoyuan County Agriculture Bureau, Changde 415700, Hunan, China
    3Yucheng Municipal Agriculture Bureau, Dezhou 251200, Shandong, China
  • Received:2021-03-01 Accepted:2021-09-09 Published:2022-06-12 Published online:2021-10-19
  • Contact: YANG Wen-Yu,YONG Tai-Wen
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(31872856);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD030020205)

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摘要：

为明确玉米大豆套作、玉米花生间作养分吸收利用对产量优势贡献的差异。本研究开展了2年大田试验, 通过比较间套作与相应单作成熟期植株氮磷钾养分吸收量和利用效率, 综合分析了玉米大豆套作、玉米花生间作中养分吸收和利用效率的变化。结果表明: 玉米大豆套作土地当量比(land equivalent ratio, LER)为1.16~1.72, 具有套作产量优势, 玉米花生间作LER为0.89~1.13, 无明显间作产量优势。玉米大豆套作体系中, 植株氮、磷、钾养分吸收总量比相应单作提高32.60%~54.22%、27.35%~34.64%和17.74%~24.42%, 氮素利用效率低于相应单作21.99%~42.07%。氮、磷、钾吸收效率对LER的贡献分别为0.34~0.62、0.31~0.46和0.22~0.32, 利用效率的贡献分别为-0.11~ -0.35、-0.03~ -0.31和-0.11~0.22。玉米花生间作体系中, 氮、磷、钾养分吸收总量分别高出相应单作-7.86%~31.58%、23.09%~46.52%和1.60%~55.48%, 氮素利用效率高出相应单作7.55~26.60。氮、磷、钾吸收效率对LER的贡献分别为0~0.22、0.05~0.27和-0.11~0.32, 利用效率的贡献分别为-0.25~0.19、-0.32~0.11和-0.47~0.32。因此, 玉米大豆套作优势在营养方面的基础主要来自于相对于单作养分吸收总量的增加, 而玉米花生间作无明显间作优势主要因为养分吸收对产量优势的贡献较小。

关键词: 玉米大豆套作, 玉米花生间作, 养分吸收量, 养分利用效率, 产量优势

Abstract:

To clarify the difference of nutrient uptake and utilization to yield advantage between maize-soybean relay intercropping and maize-peanut intercropping, we conducted a field experiment for two consecutive years. The results were obtained by comparing nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), and potassium (K) absorption efficiency and utilization in the intercropping with sole cropping. The results showed that land equivalent ratio (LER) of maize-soybean relay intercropping was 1.16-1.72, which had the advantage of intercropping yield, but the LER of maize-peanut intercropping was 0.89-1.13, which had no obvious yield disadvantage. In maize-soybean relay intercropping system, the amount of N, P, and K uptake was higher than that of the corresponding sole cropping by 32.60%-54.22%, 27.35%-34.64, and 17.74%-24.42%, respectively, but the N utilization efficiency was lower by 21.99%-42.07%. The contributions of the N, P, and K uptake efficiencies to LER were 0.34-0.62, 0.31-0.46, and 0.22-0.32, and the utilization efficiencies contributions were -0.11 to -0.35, -0.03 to -0.31, and -0.11 to 0.22, respectively. In maize-peanut intercropping system, the amount of N, P, and K uptake was higher than that of the corresponding sole cropping by -7.86% to 31.58%, 23.09%-46.52%, and 1.60%-55.48%, respectively, and the N utilization efficiency was higher by 7.55-26.60. The contributions of the N, P and K uptake efficiencies to LER were 0-0.22, 0.05-0.27, and -0.11-0.32, respectively, and the utilization efficiencies contributions were -0.25-0.19, -0.32-0.11, and -0.47-0.32, respectively. In conclusion, yield advantage of maize-soybean relay intercropping was mainly from enhanced nutrient uptake efficiency, but there was no obvious yield advantage in maize-peanut intercropping mainly due to relatively less contribution of nutrient uptake to yield advantage.

Key words: maize-soybean relay intercropping, maize-peanut intercropping, nutrient uptake, nutrient conversion efficiency, yield advantage

表1

2017-2018年试验地气象数据"

作物
Crop		 降雨量
Rainfall (mm)		 日照时数
Sunshine hours (h)		 积温
Accumulated temperature (℃)
2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018
玉米 Maize 435.3 744.8 608.6 396.7 3211.0 2879.1
大豆 Soybean 444.0 962.3 496.7 451.0 3456.0 3689.4
花生 Peanut 426.2 938.5 630.7 549.4 3657.0 3697.5

图1

种植模式图"

表2

施氮水平及施氮方式明细表"

种植模式
Pattern		 施氮处理
Nitrogen
application		 施氮水平
Nitrogen level		 基肥
Base fertilizer		 追肥 Top dressing
拔节期
Jointing stage		 大喇叭口期
Booting stage
玉米单作 不施氮NN 0 0 0 0
Sole maize 常规施氮 CN 240 80 80 80
豆科单作 不施氮 NN 0 0 0 0
Sole legume 常规施氮CN 80 80 0 0
玉米-豆科带状间套作 不施氮 NN 0 0 0 0
Maize-legume strip intercropping 常规施氮CN 160 80 40 40

表3

间套作土地当量比、间套作和单作体系中作物籽粒产量及生物学产量"

指标
Index		 施氮水平
Fertilizer		 种植模式
Pattern		 间套作
Intercrops		 单作加权平均
Weighted means for
sole crops		 土地当量比
Land equivalent ratio
2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018
籽粒产量
Grain yields
(kg hm-2)		 不施氮
NN		 玉米大豆套作
Maize-soybean relay intercropping		 8936.04 a 9547.23 a 6363.89 b 6031.62 b 1.72 1.43
玉米花生间作
Maize-peanut intercropping		 8355.32 a 9240.90 b 7405.88 a 6623.26 a 0.89 1.13
常规施氮CN 玉米大豆套作
Maize-soybean relay intercropping		 9851.65 a 10,912.08 a 6689.24 b 7064.82 b 1.56 1.46
玉米花生间作
Maize-peanut intercropping		 9437.94 a 10,504.46 b 7420.52 a 8008.82 a 1.02 1.10
生物学产量
Biological
yields
(kg hm-2)		 不施氮
NN		 玉米大豆套作
Maize-soybean relay intercropping		 18,798.92 a 20,447.06 a 16,182.14 a 14,722.28 a 1.16 1.36
玉米花生间作
Maize-peanut intercropping		 14,780.36 b 14,466.76 b 13,085.81 b 10,584.72 b 0.97 1.04
常规施氮CN 玉米大豆套作
Maize-soybean relay intercropping		 21,802.33 a 24,043.56 a 17,344.39 a 18,478.95 a 1.25 1.28
玉米花生间作
Maize-peanut intercropping		 16,425.94 b 17,761.39 b 13,235.39 b 13,254.94 b 1.06 1.04

表4

间套作和单作体系中作物的养分吸收量"

养分
Nutrient		 施氮水平
Fertilizer		 种植模式
Pattern		 间套作
Intercrops (kg hm-2)		 单作加权平均
Weighted means for sole crops (kg hm-2)		 间套作养分吸收量的增减
Changes in nutrient uptake of intercrops relative to sole crops (%)
2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018
氮
Nitrogen
不施氮NN 玉米大豆套作 Maize-soybean relay intercropping 401.60 a 366.70 a 294.14 a 237.78 a 36.53** 54.22**
玉米花生间作 Maize-peanut intercropping 206.60 b 131.47 b 222.50 b 99.92 b -7.15** 31.58**
常规施氮CN 玉米大豆套作 Maize-soybean relay intercropping 471.74 a 424.48 a 355.76 a 304.27 a 32.60** 39.51**
玉米花生间作 Maize-peanut intercropping 251.31 b 177.08 b 272.74 b 154.37 b -7.86** 14.71**
磷
Phosphorus		 不施氮NN 玉米大豆套作 Maize-soybean relay intercropping 73.58 a 44.09 a 54.65 a 33.64 a 34.64** 31.04**
玉米花生间作 Maize-peanut intercropping 48.26 b 24.12 b 32.94 b 17.29 b 46.52** 39.44**
常规施氮CN 玉米大豆套作 Maize-soybean relay intercropping 86.49 a 50.52 a 67.91 a 37.85 a 27.35** 33.45**
玉米花生间作 Maize-peanut intercropping 50.40 b 37.64 b 40.94 b 25.72 b 23.09** 46.31**
钾
Potassium
不施氮NN 玉米大豆套作 Maize-soybean relay intercropping 398.86 a 259.68 a 324.28 a 220.55a 23.00** 17.74**
玉米花生间作 Maize-peanut intercropping 232.20 b 133.85 b 228.54 b 98.41 b 1.60 36.01**
常规施氮CN 玉米大豆套作 Maize-soybean relay intercropping 479.31 a 310.84 a 385.24 a 261.58 a 24.42** 18.83**
玉米花生间作 Maize-peanut intercropping 317.55 b 200.08 b 285.04 b 128.68 b 11.40** 55.48**

表5

间套作和单作体系中作物的养分利用效率"

养分
Nutrient		 施氮水平
Fertilizer		 种植模式
Pattern		 间套作
Intercrops
(kg kg-1)		 单作加权平均
Weighted means for sole crops
(kg kg-1)		 间套作养分利用效率的增减
Changes in nutrient efficiency by intercrops relative to sole crops
2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018
氮
Nitrogen		 不施氮NN 玉米大豆套作 Maize-soybean relay intercropping 22.25 b 26.04 b 32.66 b 45.03 b -31.73** -42.07**
玉米花生间作 Maize-peanut intercropping 40.45 a 70.37 a 37.65 a 63.37 a 7.55 11.01*
常规施氮CN 玉米大豆套作 Maize-soybean relay intercropping 20.15 b 24.33 b 25.83 b 32.84 b -21.99** -25.92**
玉米花生间作 Maize-peanut intercropping 37.56 a 59.43 a 29.66 a 49.64 a 26.60** 19.68**
磷
Phosphorus		 不施氮NN 玉米大豆套作 Maize-soybean relay intercropping 121.45 b 216.61 b 132.27 b 254.39 b -7.88 -14.81**
玉米花生间作 Maize-peanut intercropping 173.15 a 383.20 a 214.58 a 363.59 a -19.07** 5.40**
常规施氮CN 玉米大豆套作 Maize-soybean relay intercropping 108.52 b 194.34 b 111.56 b 188.38 b -2.70 3.20
玉米花生间作 Maize-peanut intercropping 187.28 a 279.17 a 171.14 a 304.89 a 9.48* -8.35*
钾
Potassium		 不施氮NN 玉米大豆套作 Maize-soybean relay intercropping 22.41 b 36.82 b 21.85 b 35.94 b 2.77 2.54
玉米花生间作 Maize-peanut intercropping 35.98 a 69.04 a 30.21 a 72.10 a 19.25** -4.21*
常规施氮CN 玉米大豆套作 Maize-soybean relay intercropping 19.04 b 31.67 b 18.92 b 33.39 b 0.69 -5.14
玉米花生间作 Maize-peanut intercropping 29.72 a 52.52 a 24.48 a 65.15 a 21.43** -19.38**

表6

养分吸收和利用效率对间套作优势的贡献"

养分
Nutrient		 施氮水平
Fertilizer		 种植模式
Pattern		 土地当量比
LER		 吸收因子
Uptake factor
1+am+as(p)		 利用因子
Utilization factor
ew+es(p)		 交互因子
Interaction factor
amem+as(p)es(p)
2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018
氮
Nitrogen
不施氮NN 玉米大豆套作 Maize-soybean relay intercropping 1.16 1.36 0.4 0.62 -0.35 -0.33 0.11 0.07
玉米花生间作 Maize-peanut intercropping 0.97 1.04 0.05 0.22 -0.04 -0.25 -0.04 0.07
常规施氮CN 玉米大豆套作 Maize-soybean relay intercropping 1.25 1.28 0.34 0.35 -0.15 -0.11 0.06 0.04
玉米花生间作 Maize-peanut intercropping 1.06 1.04 0.00 0.07 0.19 -0.12 -0.13 0.09
磷
Phosphorus		 不施氮NN 玉米大豆套作 Maize-soybean relay intercropping 1.16 1.36 0.37 0.46 -0.31 -0.06 0.09 -0.05
玉米花生间作 Maize-peanut intercropping 0.97 1.04 0.16 0.24 -0.2 -0.22 0.00 0.01
常规施氮CN 玉米大豆套作 Maize-soybean relay intercropping 1.25 1.28 0.35 0.31 -0.09 -0.03 -0.01 0.00
玉米花生间作 Maize-peanut intercropping 1.06 1.04 0.05 0.27 0.11 -0.32 -0.1 0.10
钾
Potassium
不施氮NN 玉米大豆套作 Maize-soybean relay intercropping 1.16 1.36 0.23 0.22 -0.11 0.22 0.04 -0.08
玉米花生间作 Maize-peanut intercropping 0.97 1.04 -0.11 0.14 0.29 -0.27 -0.21 0.17
常规施氮CN 玉米大豆套作 Maize-soybean relay intercropping 1.25 1.28 0.30 0.32 -0.09 -0.02 0.04 -0.02
玉米花生间作 Maize-peanut intercropping 1.06 1.04 0.02 0.32 0.32 -0.47 -0.28 0.19
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