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作物学报

作物学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (6): 1463-1475.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.12027

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

耐盐性不同水稻品种对盐胁迫的响应差异及其机制

颜佳倩1,2(), 顾逸彪1,2, 薛张逸1,2, 周天阳1,2, 葛芊芊1,2, 张耗1,2, 刘立军1,2, 王志琴1,2, 顾骏飞1,2,*(), 杨建昌1,2, 周振玲3, 徐大勇3   

  1. 1扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室 / 江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室, 江苏扬州 225009
    2扬州大学江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心, 江苏扬州 225009
    3连云港市农业科学院 / 江苏省现代作物生产协同创新中心, 江苏连云港 222006
  • 收稿日期:2021-04-15 接受日期:2021-09-09 出版日期:2022-06-12 网络出版日期:2021-10-18
  • 通讯作者: 顾骏飞
  • 作者简介:E-mail: 952800394@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(31872853);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0200107);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目(cx183007);江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20181455)

Different responses of rice cultivars to salt stress and the underlying mechanisms

YAN Jia-Qian1,2(), GU Yi-Biao1,2, XUE Zhang-Yi1,2, ZHOU Tian-Yang1,2, GE Qian-Qian1,2, ZHANG Hao1,2, LIU Li-Jun1,2, WANG Zhi-Qin1,2, GU Jun-Fei1,2,*(), YANG Jian-Chang1,2, ZHOU Zhen-Ling3, XU Da-Yong3   

  1. 1Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
    2Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
    3Lianyungang Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Crop Production, Lianyungang 222006, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2021-04-15 Accepted:2021-09-09 Published:2022-06-12 Published online:2021-10-18
  • Contact: GU Jun-Fei
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(31872853);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0200107);Jiangsu Agriculture Science and Technology Innovation Fund(cx183007);Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20181455)

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摘要：

旨在阐明耐盐性不同水稻的产量对盐胁迫的响应及其生理特性。本研究以5个耐盐水稻品种和两个盐敏感水稻品种为材料, 设置了5个不同盐浓度处理(0、1、2、2.5和3 g kg-1)。结果表明, 相较于盐敏感水稻, 耐盐水稻能够耐受更高浓度的盐胁迫(2.5 g kg-1), 且产量受盐胁迫减产幅度较小。耐盐水稻品种具有较高的产量, 得益于其较高的总颖花量和结实率。与盐敏感品种相比, 耐盐水稻品种叶片, 在分蘖中期、穗分化期、抽穗期, 具有较高的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性, 较高的果糖、海藻糖、山梨醇、脯氨酸等有机渗透调节物质含量, 较高的K+/Na+值; 分蘖至拔节以及抽穗至成熟期具有较高的作物生长速率; 抽穗期具有较高的光合速率。上述结果表明, 不同耐盐性水稻产量差异, 主要来源于分蘖期、穗分化期与抽穗期的耐盐生理差异, 这些生育时期是决定水稻穗数、穗粒数、结实率的关键时期。耐盐水稻在这些关键生育时期的良好生理表现是这些水稻品种获得高产的基础。该研究结果对水稻耐盐生理机制研究与水稻耐盐育种有借鉴意义。

关键词: 水稻, 盐胁迫, 产量, 渗透调节, 光合速率

Abstract:

The objective of this study is to elucidate the responses of physiological traits and yield with different salt stress to salt-tolerant and salt-susceptible rice cultivars. Five salt-tolerant rice cultivars and two salt-susceptible rice cultivars were grown in pots with five different salt concentration levels including 0, 1, 2, 2.5, and 3 g kg-1 of per pot for two years. Results showed that the yields of salt-tolerant cultivars were less reduced than that of salt-susceptible cultivars, and salt-tolerant cultivars was able to tolerate higher salt concentration of 2.5 g kg-1. Salt-tolerant varieties produced higher grain yield mainly due to the greater total spikelets per area and higher filled grain percentage under salt stress. Salt-tolerant rice cultivars also had higher activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), higher contents of osmotic substances such as fructose, trehalose, and sorbitol, and higher K+/Na+ ratio from mid-tillering to heading. The crop growth rate from tillering to jointing and from heading to maturity, and photosynthetic rate at heading stage were higher in salt-tolerant cultivars than in salt-susceptible cultivars. The above results revealed that the differences in grain yields between salt-tolerant and salt-susceptible rice varieties were mainly due to the performances of physiological traits at mid-tillering, panicle initiation, and heading stages. These growth stages were the key stages that determined the number of panicles, spikelets per panicle, and the percentage of filled grains. The better physiological traits in the salt-tolerant rice varieties during key stages were the basis for higher grain yield. The results of this study could be helpful for the physiological researches and the breeding of salt-tolerant rice.

Key words: rice, salt stress, grain yield, osmotic regulation, photosynthetic rate

表1

主要生育时期盆栽中耕作层土壤(0-20 cm)盐含量及土壤电导率(2020)"

生育时期
Growth stage		 处理
Treatment		 土壤盐度
Soil salinity (g kg-1)		 电导率
Conductivity (μS cm-1)
分蘖中期 Mid-tillering 0.1% 1.01±0.03 485.66±3.49
0.2% 2.02±0.07 609.33±5.77
0.25% 2.53±0.07 671.99±8.33
穗分化期 Panicle initiation 0.1% 0.99±0.04 482.60±4.47
0.2% 1.98±0.07 604.89±8.40
0.25% 2.52±0.06 670.22±6.80
抽穗期 Heading time 0.1% 0.98±0.03 481.34±3.86
0.2% 1.95±0.04 600.29±4.79
0.25% 2.42±0.07 658.92±8.04

表2

盐胁迫对不同水稻品种产量及构成因素的影响(2019)"

品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 每盆穗数
No. of
panicles pot-1		 每穗粒数
Spikelets
per panicle		 总颖花数
Total number of spikelets		 结实率
Filled grains (%)		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)		 产量
Yield
(g pot-1)		 减产率
Yield reduction rate (%)
连鉴5号
Lianjian 5		 0 22.3 a 168 a 3.73×103 a 82.9 a 23.5 a 72.6 a —
0.1% 21.8 a 153 b 3.32×103 b 80.2 a 23.2 a 61.8 b 14.9 a
0.2% 17.0 b 139 c 2.35×103 c 79.1 a 22.6 b 42.1 c 42.1 b
0.3% — — — — — — —
连鉴6号
Lianjian 6		 0 19.3 a 155 a 2.98×103 a 82.9 a 27.9 a 68.6 a —
0.1% 18.3 ab 136 b 2.47×103 b 80.3 ab 26.7 a 53.1 b 22.6 a
0.2% 16.5 b 121 c 1.99 ×103 c 77.7 b 24.2 b 37.3 c 45.7 b
0.3% — — — — — — —
连鉴7号
Lianjian 7		 0 21.0 a 124 a 2.59×103 a 81.2 a 28.5 a 60.1 a —
0.1% 20.0 a 112 b 2.23×103 b 81.0 a 27.5 a 49.7 b 17.2 a
0.2% 16.3 b 103 c 1.67×103 c 81.0 a 25.9 b 35.1 c 41.5 b
0.3% — — — — — — —
盐稻16Z28
Yandao 16Z28		 0 20.0 a 132 a 2.64×103 a 84.0 a 26.6 a 59.1 a —
0.1% 16.8 b 123 a 2.05×103 b 82.5 a 25.7 b 43.4 b 26.5 a
0.2% 14.8 c 107 b 1.58×103 c 82.5 a 22.9 c 29.7 c 49.7 b
0.3% — — — — — — —
连粳7号
Lianjing 7		 0 23.5 a 154 a 3.62×103 a 79.7 a 25.8 a 74.5 a —
0.1% 20.8 b 134 b 2.78×103 b 66.1 b 25.1 ab 47.3 b 36.5 a
0.2% 15.0 c 122 b 1.83×103 c 56.2 c 24.9 b 25.6 c 65.7 b
0.3% — — — — — — —
武运粳30
Wuyunjing 30		 0 22.8 a 151 a 3.43×103 a 76.3 a 27.3 a 72.4 a —
0.1% 16.5 b 130 b 2.15×103 b 61.9 b 26.5 ab 35.6 b 50.9 a
0.2% 14.0 c 112 c 1.57×103 c 51.0 c 25.5 b 20.5 c 71.7 b
0.3% — — — — — — —

表3

盐胁迫对不同水稻品种产量及构成因素的影响(2020)"

品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 每盆穗数
No. of
panicles pot-1		 每穗粒数
Spikelets
per panicle		 总颖花数
Total number of spikelets		 结实率
Filled grains (%)		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)		 产量
Yield
(g pot-1)		 减产率
Yield reduction rate (%)
连鉴5号
Lianjian 5		 0 21.3 a 170 a 3.63×103 a 70.2 a 24.5 a 62.4 a —
0.1% 20.7 a 142 b 2.94×103 b 69.5 a 24.5 a 49.8 b 20.0 a
0.2% 20.3 a 119 c 2.42×103 c 69.5 a 24.3 a 40.9 c 34.5 b
0.25% 15.3 b 109 d 1.78×103 d 67.7 a 23.2 b 27.9 d 55.3 c
连鉴6号
Lianjian 6		 0 19.3 a 176 a 3.40×103 a 64.7 a 26.1 a 57.2 a —
0.1% 18.7 a 141 b 2.62×103 b 62.9 a 27.2 a 44.8 b 21.7 a
0.2% 15.7 b 133 bc 2.09×103 c 62.8 a 27.2 b 35.7 c 37.7 b
0.25% 14.7 b 128 c 1.87×103 c 62.2 a 25.5 b 29.6 d 48.1 c
品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 每盆穗数
No. of
panicles pot-1		 每穗粒数
Spikelets
per panicle		 总颖花数
Total number of spikelets		 结实率
Filled grains (%)		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)		 产量
Yield
(g pot-1)		 减产率
Yield reduction rate (%)
连鉴7号
Lianjian 7		 0 18.3 a 164 a 3.01×103 a 71.0 a 27.4 a 58.6 a —
0.1% 16.7 b 157 a 2.61×103 b 69.4 b 26.8 b 48.7 b 16.7 a
0.2% 15.0 c 130 b 1.95×103 c 69.1 b 26.6 b 36.3 c 37.9 b
0.25% 13.7 c 117 c 1.60×103 d 67.5 c 26.6 b 28.7 d 50.8 c
连鉴9号 0 18.7 a 147 a 2.74×103 a 86.5 a 24.2 a 57.3 a —
Lianjian 9 0.1% 18.3 a 145 a 2.66×103 a 81.6 b 24.1 a 52.4 b 8.5 a
0.2% 16.3 b 127 b 2.07×103 b 75.4 c 22.8 b 35.6 c 37.9 b
0.25% 16.3 b 100 c 1.64×103 c 70.1 d 22.6 b 25.8 d 54.9 c
连粳7号 0 21.0 a 175 a 3.65×103 a 73.8 a 27.3 a 73.6 a —
Lianjing 7 0.1% 17.7 b 164 a 2.90×103 b 60.3 b 27.2 b 47.6 b 35.3 a
0.2% 11.7 c 105 b 1.23×103 c 57.5 b 27.1 b 19.1 c 74.1 b
0.25% — — — — — — —
武运粳30号 0 20.7 a 191 a 3.93×103 a 79.1 a 27.2 a 84.5 a —
Wuyunjing 30 0.1% 15.7 b 143 b 2.23×103 b 54.9 b 27.0 a 33.0 b 60.9 a
0.2% 12.7 c 122 c 1.55×103 c 48.5 c 26.7 b 20.0 c 76.3 b
0.25% — — — — — — —

表4

盐胁迫对不同水稻品种各生育期的干物质重及作物生长速率(CGR)的影响(2019)"

品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 干物质重Biomass (g pot-1) 作物生长速率CGR (g pot-1 d-1)
分蘖中期
Mid-tillering
(T)		 拔节期Jointing
(J)		 抽穗期Heading
(H)		 成熟期Maturity
(M)		 分蘖-拔节
T-J		 拔节-抽穗
J-M		 抽穗-成熟
H-M
连鉴5号
Lianjian 5		 0 15.3 a 60.6 a 100 a 166 a 1.74 a 2.65 a 1.45 a
0.1% 14.7 b 53.1 b 79.6 b 136 b 1.48 b 1.77 b 1.26 b
0.2% 11.3 c 45.4 c 66.9 c 109 c 1.31 c 1.44 c 0.94 c
0.3% 10.9 c 38.0 d 51.1 d — 1.04 d 0.88 d —
连鉴6号
Lianjian 6		 0 22.7 a 71.1 a 103 a 154 a 1.86 a 2.10 a 1.14 a
0.1% 17.8 b 60.1 b 87.9 b 129 b 1.63 b 1.85 b 0.91 b
0.2% 13.9 c 50.7 c 73.2 c 104 c 1.42 c 1.50 c 0.67 c
0.3% 11.9 d 40.2 d 61.0 d — 1.09 d 1.38 d —
连鉴7号
Lianjian 7		 0 23.8 a 73.8 a 114 a 161 a 1.93 a 2.70 a 1.05 a
0.1% 14.8 b 60.4 b 90.0 b 135 b 1.76 b 1.97 b 1.00 b
0.2% 11.6 c 52.4 c 77.8 c 119 c 1.57 c 1.70 c 0.92 c
0.3% 10.8 d 44.3 d 66.7 d — 1.29 d 1.49 d —
盐稻16Z28
Yandao 16Z28		 0 21.6 a 68.9 a 113 a 153 a 1.82 a 2.92 a 0.89 a
0.1% 16.5 b 58.5 b 81.2 b 114 b 1.62 b 1.51 b 0.74 b
0.2% 11.0 c 48.2 c 63.7 c 88.1 c 1.43 c 1.03 c 0.54 c
0.3% 9.4 d 41.5 d 56.1 d — 1.23 d 0.98 d —
连粳7号
Lianjing 7		 0 16.4 a 65.8 a 116 a 179 a 1.90 a 3.33 a 1.41 a
0.1% 12.4 b 24.7 b 73.1 b 98.8 b 0.47 b 3.23 b 0.57 b
0.2% 6.54 c 20.5 c 43.5 c 65.6 c 0.54 c 1.53 c 0.49 c
0.3% 3.64 d 15.4 d — — 0.45 d — —
武运粳30
Wuyunjing 30		 0 13.8 a 57.4 a 115 a 161 a 1.68 a 3.87 a 1.02 a
0.1% 7.11 b 26.6 b 76.7 b 112 b 0.75 b 3.34 b 0.77 b
0.2% 5.27 c 22.6 c 37.4 c 59.0 c 0.67 c 0.99 c 0.48 c
0.3% 3.70 d 13.3 d — — 0.37 d — —

表5

盐胁迫对不同水稻品种各生育期的干物质重及作物生长速率(CGR)的影响(2020)"

品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 干物质重Biomass (g pot-1) 作物生长速率CGR (g pot-1 d-1)
分蘖中期
Mid-tillering
(T)		 拔节期Jointing
(J)		 抽穗期Heading
(H)		 成熟期Maturity
(M)		 分蘖-拔节
T-J		 拔节-抽穗
J-M		 抽穗-成熟
H-M
连鉴5号
Lianjian 5		 0 16.2 a 56.6 a 97.5 a 142 a 1.55 a 2.72 a 0.98 a
0.1% 12.0 a 45.5 b 82.8 b 125 b 1.29 b 2.49 ab 0.94 a
0.2% 11.4 a 39.2 c 72.4 c 105 c 1.07 c 2.22 b 0.73 a
0.25% 6.23 b 30.2 d 50.5 d 82.1 d 0.92 c 1.35 c 0.70 a
连鉴6号
Lianjian 6		 0 18.8 a 59.0 a 98.8 a 138 a 1.55 a 2.66 a 0.87 a
0.1% 14.3 b 47.8 b 85.9 b 123 b 1.29 ab 2.54 a 0.83 a
0.2% 12.0 b 39.6 c 69.0 c 104 c 1.06 b 1.95 b 0.77 ab
0.25% 11.0 b 26.4 d 53.9 d 84.1 d 0.60 c 1.83 b 0.67 a
连鉴7号
Lianjian 7		 0 11.8 a 62.7 a 103 a 151 a 1.96 a 2.70 a 1.06 a
0.1% 10.5 ab 42.4 b 78.8 b 125 b 1.23 b 2.43 a 1.03 ab
0.2% 9.23 b 35.2 c 69.9 b 116 c 1.00 c 2.32 ab 1.01 ab
0.25% 6.07 c 22.6 d 48.9 c 80.8 d 0.63 d 1.76 b 0.71 b
品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 干物质重Biomass (g pot-1) 作物生长速率CGR (g pot-1 d-1)
分蘖中期
Mid-tillering
(T)		 拔节期Jointing
(J)		 抽穗期Heading
(H)		 成熟期Maturity
(M)		 分蘖-拔节
T-J		 拔节-抽穗
J-M		 抽穗-成熟
H-M
连鉴9号
Lianjian 9		 0 13.5 a 64.9 a 104 a 147 a 1.98 a 2.60 a 0.96 a
0.1% 12.3 b 56.1 a 88.5 b 126 b 1.69 a 2.16 a 0.83 b
0.2% 11.1 c 42.9 b 75.2 c 111 c 1.23 b 2.15 a 0.80 b
0.25% 8.60 d 28.9 c 56.8 d 91.5 d 0.78 c 1.86 a 0.77 b
连粳7号
Lianjing 7		 0 16.9 a 63.9 a 122 a 181 a 1.81 a 3.86 a 1.32 a
0.1% 11.8 b 27.6 b 72.8 b 96.4 b 0.61 b 3.01 b 0.53 ab
0.2% 6.72 c 20.7 b 36.4 c 57.8 c 0.54 b 1.04 c 0.47 b
0.25% 3.81 d 11.6 c — — 0.30 b — —
武运粳30
Wuyunjing 30		 0 14.5 a 54.3 a 117 a 161 a 1.53 a 4.19 a 0.96 a
0.1% 7.36 b 29.9 b 74.5 b 113 b 0.87 b 2.97 a 0.86 ab
0.2% 5.16 c 21.1 b 34.8 c 53.5 c 0.61 bc 0.91 b 0.42 b
0.25% 3.31 c 11.3 c — — 0.31 c — —

图1

盐胁迫对水稻主要生育时期叶片超氧化物歧化酶SOD (A, B, C)、过氧化物酶POD (D, E, F)、过氧化氢酶CAT (G, H, I)活性的影响 不同小写字母表示同一处理下不同品种间差异达显著水平(P = 0.05)。J5: 连鉴5号; J6: 连鉴6号; J7: 连鉴7号; J9: 连鉴9号; L7: 连粳7号; W30: 武运粳30; MT: 分蘖中期; PI: 穗分化期; HD: 抽穗期。"

图2

盐胁迫对水稻主要生育时期叶片果糖(A, B, C)、海藻糖(D, E, F)、山梨醇(G, H, I)、脯氨酸(J, K, L)含量的影响 不同小写字母表示同一处理不同品种间差异达显著水平(P = 0.05)。J5: 连鉴5号; J6: 连鉴6号; J7: 连鉴7号; J9: 连鉴9号; L7: 连粳7号; W30: 武运粳30; MT: 分蘖中期; PI: 穗分化期; HD: 抽穗期。"

图3

盐胁迫对水稻主要生育时期叶片K+含量(A, B, C)、Na+含量(D, E, F)及K+/Na+值(G, H, I)的影响 不同小写字母表示同一处理不同品种间差异达显著水平(P = 0.05)。J5: 连鉴5号; J6: 连鉴6号; J7: 连鉴7号; J9: 连鉴9号; L7: 连粳7号; W30: 武运粳30; MT: 分蘖中期; PI: 穗分化期; HD: 抽穗期。"

图4

盐胁迫对水稻抽穗期剑叶光合速率(A)、气孔导度(B)、蒸腾速率(C)及胞间二氧化碳浓度(D)的影响 不同小写字母表示同一处理不同品种间差异达显著水平(P = 0.05)。J5: 连鉴5号; J6: 连鉴6号; J7: 连鉴7号; J9: 连鉴9号; L7: 连粳7号; W30: 武运粳30。"

表6

盐胁迫下水稻渗透调节物质含量、抗氧化酶活性及K+、Na+含量与产量及构成因素的相关性分析"

生理指标
Physiological index		 产量
Yield		 结实率
Filled grains		 总颖花量
Total number of spikelets
超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性SOD activity 0.917* 0.918** 0.681
过氧化物酶(POD)活性POD activity 0.869* 0.862* 0.651
过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性CAT activity 0.891* 0.843* 0.651
果糖含量Fructose content 0.786* 0.927* 0.563
海藻糖含量Trehalose content 0.822* 0.827* 0.473
山梨醇含量Sorbitol content 0.991** 0.925* 0.806
脯氨酸含量Proline content 0.863* 0.930* 0.485
K+含量K+ content 0.690 0.707 0.645
Na+含量Na+ content -0.826* -0.807 -0.597
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