作物学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (6): 1425-1436.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.12029
郑小龙1,2(), 周菁清3, 白杨4, 邵雅芳2, 章林平2, 胡培松1,2, 魏祥进2,*()
ZHENG Xiao-Long1,2(), ZHOU Jing-Qing3, BAI Yang4, SHAO Ya-Fang2, ZHANG Lin-Ping2, HU Pei-Song1,2, WEI Xiang-Jin2,*()
摘要:
为探讨粳稻不同穗部籽粒的淀粉与垩白品质差异及分子机制。将稻穗籽粒按一次枝梗在主穗上的节点划分为稻穗上部、中部和下部籽粒, 比较了嘉58等6个品种不同穗部籽粒成熟后的淀粉含量及垩白度等品质差异, 同时测定了不同穗部籽粒灌浆期游离糖与淀粉含量, 淀粉合成途径相关酶活, 相关基因表达量的动态变化。结果显示: 除秀水134外, 其余5个品种直链淀粉含量均表现为上部籽粒>中部>下部; 2个垩白度较高品种嘉58和中嘉8号则表现为上部籽粒垩白>下部>中部。扫描电镜观察发现不同垩白度籽粒中淀粉粒的大小和形状差异显著, 高垩白籽粒垩白部位淀粉粒普遍表现为半椭球形或其他曲面球形的形状, 淀粉粒排布比较疏散, 而低垩白籽粒对应部位的淀粉粒外形多为规则多面体, 淀粉粒排布相对紧密。不同品种及部位籽粒在灌浆期内蔗糖、葡萄糖和果糖含量差异较大, 但蔗糖含量动态变化均为先下降后微微上升, 葡萄糖和果糖则基本表现为先上升后下降。淀粉合成相关催化酶中蔗糖转化酶(Invertase)和ADPG焦磷酸化酶(AGPase)的活性在不同部位间的差异最为显著, 其中, AGPase在整个灌浆期内均表现为上部>中部>下部, 而Invertase前期表现为上部<中部<下部, 后期完全相反。编码Invertase的OsCIN2、OsCIN5基因在不同穗部籽粒中的表达量均表现为中部籽粒>下部>上部, 而编码AGPase的OsAGPL1、OsAGPL2、OsAGPs1a基因均表现为上部籽粒>中部≈下部。不同穗部籽粒的直链淀粉含量与垩白度存在不同程度的差异, 同时也受品种本身的影响。游离糖含量、淀粉合成相关酶活和编码相关酶的基因表达对淀粉合成均有影响。OsCIN2、OsCIN5、OsAGPL1、OsAGPL2、OsAGPs1a等基因在决定不同穗部籽粒的淀粉含量与垩白品质差异上起着重要作用。
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